Swedish Seminar Papers-00-03(Pdf)
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Mathias Mehofer
REINHARD JUNG · MATHIAS MEHOFER MYCENAEAN GREECE AND BRONZE AGE ITALY: COOPERATION, TRADE OR WAR? »I continue to believe it probable that the occasion for the first introduction of Type II swords to the Aegean was military necessity that drove Mycenaean princes to hire warriors from outside Greece. These warriors brought their own armouries with them. Their swords in particular were greatly admired by their em - ployers, who set their own swordsmiths to copy and adapt them.« 1 Since the publication of Hector Catling’s paper, which contains the above interpretation of Late Bronze Age relations between Mycenaean Greece and its north-western neighbours, various research ers have decisively contributed to a better understanding of the pro - cesses that lead 1) to the adoption of new types of weapons, armour, dress accessories and implements (often referred to as metallurgical koiné or »urnfield bronzes«) at the end of the Aegean Bronze Age and 2) to the local production of impasto pottery of Italian Recent and Final Bronze Age type in the Aegean and beyond. Thanks to the results of recent studies, we are provided with detailed typological arguments 2 that support the theory that the origin of those bronze and pottery types has to be traced back to Italy (figs 1-2). Other schools of research argued that the majority of the types forming the Fig. 1 Sites of the studied objects in Italy. – (Map R. Jung / metallurgical koiné was invented in the regions of M. Mehofer). Fig. 2 Sites of the studied objects in Greece. – (Map R. Jung / M. Mehofer). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 43 · 2013 175 the Balkans and/or Central Europe and reached the Aegean via a Balkan route 3, whereas still others proposed to ascribe at least specific types to a Central European/Balkan origin 4. -
Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 BC
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81, 2015, pp. 361–392 © The Prehistoric Society doi:10.1017/ppr.2015.17 Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 BC By KRISTIAN KRISTIANSEN1 and PAULINA SUCHOWSKA-DUCKE2 The Bronze Age was the first epoch in which societies became irreversibly linked in their co-dependence on ores and metallurgical skills that were unevenly distributed in geographical space. Access to these critical resources was secured not only via long-distance physical trade routes, making use of landscape features such as river networks, as well as built roads, but also by creating immaterial social networks, consisting of interpersonal relations and diplomatic alliances, established and maintained through the exchange of extraordinary objects (gifts). In this article, we reason about Bronze Age communication networks and apply the results of use-wear analysis to create robust indicators of the rise and fall of political and commercial networks. In conclusion, we discuss some of the historical forces behind the phenomena and processes observable in the archaeological record of the Bronze Age in Europe and beyond. Keywords: Bronze Age communication networks, agents, temperate Europe, Mediterranean Basin THE EUROPEAN BRONZE AGE AS A COMMUNICATION by small variations in ornaments and weapons NETWORK: HISTORICAL & THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK (Kristiansen 2014). Among the characteristics that might compel archaeo- Initially driven by the necessity to gain access to logists to label the Bronze Age a ‘formative epoch’ in remote resources and technological skills, Bronze Age European history, the density and extent of the era’s societies established communication links that ranged exchange and communication networks should per- from the Baltic to the Mediterranean and from haps be regarded as the most significant. -
Bebyggelsehistorisk Tidskrift
Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift Nordic Journal of Settlement History and Built Heritage Author Björn Ambrosiani Title Hundare, skeppslag och fornlämningar Issue 4 Year of Publication 1982 Pages 67–82 ISSN 0349−2834 ISSN online 2002−3812 www.bebyggelsehistoria.org Hundare, skeppslag och fornlämningar Björn Ambrosiani Den äldsta kända administrativa indelningen av sve¬ Upplandslagens konungabalk X: arnas centrala område kring Mälaren har alltid till¬ dragit sig stort historiskt och rättshistoriskt intresse. Detta är laga ledung: fyra skepp från vaqe hundare. Man har från oUka håll hävdat att den för detta om¬ råde nästan unika hundaresindelningen skulle nå Dessa skeppsvister skola utgå från alla tre foUclan- långt ner i äldre järnålder eller åtminstone till foUc- den, lika mycket av ett markland jord som av en vandringstiden (400-550 e Kr). Hundare, skepps¬ stridbar man i fråga om tre skepp; det Qärde skall lag, tolft och socken är viktiga begrepp i denna dis¬ utgöras efter mantal av bönder och bondsöner, lego¬ kussion. Deras struktur och inbördes förhållanden drängar och löskekarlar . .. och relationen till bebyggelsen och dess kronologi (Holmbäck-Wessén 1933 s 46 f) har då tolkats på olika sätt med utgångspunkt bl a i landskapslagarna, vilka skulle stå för en lagstiftning Västmannalagens konungabalk VII: med uråldrig tradition. Man har emellertid också, som framgår framför Detta är laga ledung: två skepp från varje hundare. allt av Adolf Schiicks idérika och intresseväckande uppsats 1949 i festskriften till Nils Ahnlund, sökt (Holmbäck-Wessén 1936 s 37.) rekonstruera äldre hundaresindelningar än den man känner genom landskapslagarna och de kamerala Övriga lagar saknar denna precisering. Det kan handlingarna. Någon öppning till säkrare tolkningar dock ur bebyggelsehistorisk synpunkt vara intres¬ har emellertid inte funnits förrän den genomgri¬ sant att undersöka om dessa bestämmelser också pande fornminnesinventeringen för den ekonomiska motsvaras av en bestämd skattekraft eller ett mantal. -
ARCL0028: the Prehistoric Mediterranean
UCL Institute of Archaeology ARCL0028: The Prehistoric Mediterranean 2019-2020 Year 2-3 option, 15 credits Deadlines for coursework: 18th November 2019, 13th January 2020 Dr. Borja Legarra Herrero: [email protected] Office 106; tel: +44 (0)20 7679 1539 Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and marking procedures, or links to the relevant webpages. 1. OVERVIEW Course content: This course introduces students to the archaeology of the Greek world from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The lectures are divided in sections, the first offering a set of frameworks for Greek archaeology; the following sections deal, respectively, with the development of cities and settlements through time, religion and cult, and cultural, social and economic practices. Course summary: (Term 1) Room B13, Tuesdays 14:00-16:00 1st October 1. Introduction, Defining the Mediterranean (BLH) 2. Hyper connectivity and the sea (BLH) 8th October 3. Making archaeology in the Mediterranean: Excavation, survey, Science, Text (BLH) 4: SEMINAR: Cultural Heritage and Tourism (BLH) 15th October 5: The First Modern Humans in the Mediterranean (ca. 35.000 – 9600 BCE) (BLH) 6: SEMINAR: The Changing Med project: A taste of the future of research (BLH) 22th October 7: Neolithisation: a truly Mediterranean phenomenon (9600 - 5500 BC) (BLH) 8: Case studies: Is the Neolithic inevitable? (BLH) 29th November 9: The End of the Neolithic and the Beginning of Metallurgy (5500-3500 BC) (BLH) 10: Chalcolithic Case Studies: -
Food, Economy and Social Complexity in the Bronze Age World
22 Dalia A. Pokutta Food, Economy and Social Complexity in the Bronze Age World FOOD, ECONOMY AND SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IN THE BRONZE AGE WORLD: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY Dalia A. Pokutta1 __________________ 1Archaeological Research Laboratory University of Stockholm, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden, [email protected] Abstract: Despite the fact that greater part of ingredients, such as dairy products or alcoholic drinks, were known al- ready in the Neolithic, food technology of the Bronze Age changed significantly. This paper aims to investigate prehistoric dietary habits and comment on the stable isotope values (13C/15N) of human/faunal remains from several large Bronze Age cemeteries in Europe and beyond. The human skeletal material derives from Early Bronze Age Iberia (2300–2000 BC), mainland Greece (Late Helladic Period III), Bronze Age Transcaucasia (the Kura-Araxes culture 3400–2000 BC), steppes of Kazakhstan (1800 BC), and Early Bronze Age China in Shang period (1523–1046 BC). The aim of this study is to determine distinctive features of food practice in the Bronze Age with an overview of economy and consumer be- haviours in relation to religion and state formation processes. Keywords: Bronze Age, prehistoric diet, isotopic analyses, Spain, Greece, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, China. Abstrakt: Jedlo, hospodárstvo a spoločenská komplexita v svete doby bronzovej. Napriek skutočnosti, že väčšia časť potravín, ako napríklad mliečne výrobky či alkoholické nápoje, bola známa už v závere neolitu, potravinová techno- lógia doby bronzovej sa výrazne zmenila. Táto štúdia skúma praveké stravovacie návyky a vyjadruje sa k hodnotám stabil- ných izotopov (13C/15N) v ľudských/zvieracích pozostatkoch z niekoľkých veľkých pohrebísk z doby bronzovej v Európe aj mimo nej. -
Bronze Age Warfare in Barbaric Europe - Current Trends and Perspectives in the Future
Perspective Glob J Arch & Anthropol Volume 4 Issue 1 - May 2018 DOI: 10.19080/GJAA.2018.04.555628 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Davide Delfino Bronze Age Warfare in Barbaric Europe - Current Trends and Perspectives in the Future Davide Delfino* Center for Geosciences of the University of Coimbra, Instituto Terra e Memória, Portugal Submission: February 02, 2018; Published: May 11, 2018 *Corresponding author: Davide Delfino, Center for Geosciences of the University of Coimbra, Instituto Terra e Memória, Portugal, Email: Abstract Research on prehistoric warfare is in progress since 60 years. But investigation specifically on Bronze Age period, when some tools are exclusively created for fight and the warrior societies are emerging, is always young. Scholars there were mainly interested on the origins of violence in mankind, on the fighting in the Neolithic or, if Bronze Age, on the wars in the empires of the Near East or in the Minoan civilization. But the warfare in the European Bronze Age up to a decade ago, it was dealt marginally. Violence and warfare in Bronze Age in “barbarian Europe”, to use an expression by Jaques Briard, can be defined as a “fashion” since the mid-2000s. Recent trends are analyzed according to various perspectives: generals, theoretical, study of material cultures and context, and interpretative tendencies. So will be discuss what the commonly acceptedKeywords: theories and what also remain subject of doubt and debate to draw a perspective for the future. European Bronze Age; Warfare; Literature review; -
A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade
L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153 -
Bronze Age Weight Systems As a Measure of Market Integration in Western Eurasia
Bronze Age weight systems as a measure of market integration in Western Eurasia Nicola Ialongoa,1, Raphael Hermanna, and Lorenz Rahmstorfa aSeminar für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany Edited by Kristian Kristiansen, Goteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Elsa M. Redmond May 20, 2021 (received for review March 26, 2021) Weighing technology was invented around 3000 BCE between The very phrasing of the reform implies that the king did not Mesopotamia and Egypt and became widely adopted in Western even introduce a new unit but simply ratified as official a value Eurasia within ∼2,000 y. For the first time in history, merchants that was already widely used (14). Furthermore, the diffusion of could rely on an objective frame of reference to quantify economic weighing technology in prestate societies in Europe and Anatolia value. The subsequent emergence of different weight systems goes indicates that the existence of a state was not even a requirement. hand in hand with the formation of a continental market. However, Once weighing technology became widespread, strong public we still do not know how the technological transmission happened institutions—where they existed—would have probably played a and why different weight systems emerged along the way. Here, we role in regulating weight systems. In Mesopotamia, for example, show that the diffusion of weighing technology can be explained as the existence of public institutions with outstanding economic ca- the result of merchants’ interaction and the emergence of primary pacity and a great need for imported goods played a substantial weight systems as the outcome of the random propagation of error role in creating opportunities for trade. -
Dietary Changes and Millet Consumption in Northern France at the End of Prehistory: Evidence from Archaeobotanical and Stable Isotope Data
Dietary changes and millet consumption in northern France at the end of Prehistory: evidence from archaeobotanical and stable isotope data. Gwenaëlle Goude, Léonie Rey, Françoise Toulemonde, Mathilde Cervel, Stéphane Rottier To cite this version: Gwenaëlle Goude, Léonie Rey, Françoise Toulemonde, Mathilde Cervel, Stéphane Rottier. Dietary changes and millet consumption in northern France at the end of Prehistory: evidence from ar- chaeobotanical and stable isotope data.. Environmental Archaeology, Taylor & Francis, 2017, 22 (3), pp.268-282. 10.1080/14614103.2016.1215799. hal-01650950 HAL Id: hal-01650950 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01650950 Submitted on 19 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dietary changes and millet consumption in northern France at the end of Prehistory: Evidence from archaeobotanical and stable isotope data Gwenaëlle Goude, Léonie Rey, Françoise Toulemonde, Mathilde Cervel & Stéphane Rottier To cite this article: Gwenaëlle Goude, Léonie Rey, Françoise Toulemonde, Mathilde Cervel & Stéphane Rottier -
Bebyggelsehistorisk Tidskrift
Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift Nordic Journal of Settlement History and Built Heritage Author Clas Tollin Title Namnet Stockholm i ny belysning – en historisk-geografisk studie av gränser och bebyggelser för att tolka ett välkänt men undanglidande namn Issue 73 Year of Publication 2017 Pages 8–28 ISSN 0349−2834 ISSN online 2002−3812 www.bebyggelsehistoria.org Namnet Stockholm i ny belysning — en historisk-geografisk studie av gränser och bebyggelser för att tolka ett välkänt men undanglidande namn av Clas Tollin veriges huvudstad Stockholm har både en den Stockholms tillkomst liksom Åsöns (Söder- väl känd och en mindre känd bakgrund. malms) ursprungliga tillhörighet. S År 1952 firades stadens 700-årsjubileum med anledning av det brev som kung Valdemar och Birger Jarl daterade i juli 1252 i Stockholm Från havsvik till insjö (SDHK 664). Vid denna tidpunkt fanns åtmin- Under 1100- och 1200-talen skedde en snabb stone ett rundtorn och kanske en borganlägg- landhöjning. Vid 1200-talets mitt låg vatten- ning på en grusig höjd på den senare Stadshol- brynet ca 2,5 meter högre än idag.3 Enligt den mens nordöstra del. Rundtornets ålder har inte isländske stormannen och författaren Snorre med bestämdhet kunnat fastslås, inte heller om Sturlasson kallades Mälarutloppet Stocksund. det fanns en angränsande urban bebyggelse där Snorre skriver: ”Från hela Svitjod falla alla rin- redan omkring 1250. Vid utgrävningarna av slot- nande vatten ut i Lågen (Mälaren), men denna tets norra länga har ett danskt mynt från 1130 har endast ett utlopp och detta så smalt att och ett norskt från 1150–1170 påträffats.1 En många åar äro bredare. -
Bebyggelsehistorisk Tidskrift
Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift Nordic Journal of Settlement History and Built Heritage ! ! ! ! ! ! "#$%&'!! ()*%+,-!.-+#//&0! 1)$-,! 2#/!&*%!$&3$!)!455-+06!&*%!786,'3+0-+06!#06,'!90:',! ;'&0/<-6,'!&*%!=-6',!>='0<-6,'! ?//#,! @@! A,+'!&B!C#;-)*+$)&0! DEEF! C+:,/! EGHDDI! ?77J!K@LEMNO@L! ?77J!&0-)0,!NKKNM@ODN!! PPPQ;,;9::,-/,%)/$&')+Q&':! ! ! Hus och tomt i Uppland och Södermanland under yngre bronsålder och äldre järnålder av Michael Olausson De bo skilda från varandra och åt olika håll, allt liga uttryck för en viss ideologi och en specifik efter som en källa, ettfält, en skog fallit dem i sma¬ samhällsformation. ken. De anlägga byar icke såsom vi med samman¬ Anpassning till ekologiska förutsättningar, loka¬ fogade och sammanhängande byggnader: var och la traditioner och nya ideér liksom till mer övergri¬ en omger sitt hus med en öppen plats... (Tacitus, Ger¬ pande politiska strukturer har på olika sätt bidragit mania, kap 16) till utvecklandet av regionala särdrag. Den förhis¬ toriska människan byggde inte enbart hus och - Man bygger och bygger här i livet, ser ni, men organiserade boplatsytor på ett repetitivt sätt, så man vinner ingenting på det. Man räknar ut allting som empiri och tradition föreskrev, utan prövade så fint - men så fort man kommer till takstolarna nya vägar allteftersom behoven förändrades och .så visar det sig att det var någe fel i räkningen - inom ramen för olika möjligheter. Människan gör allting blir så annorlunda, så djävligt annorlunda, sin egen historia och utformar ständigt sin tillvaro just medan man håller på och bygger - så att när men under omständigheter som är för handen man nått övre våningen upptäcker man att man givna. -
Folkland Och Folkvapen Larsson, Mats G
Folkland och folkvapen Larsson, Mats G. Fornvännen 83, 224-233 http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/fornvannen/html/1988_224 Ingår i: samla.raa.se Fokland och folkvapen Av Mats G. Larsson Larsson, M. G. 1989. Folkland och folkvapen. (Folk lands and folk weapons.) hörnvännen 83 Stockholm. The names of the three folkland which in the Middle Ages formed the province Uppland in central Sweden, Tiundaland, Attundaland and Fjädrundaland, are generally interpreted as indicating ihal they consisted of, respectively, len, eight and tour districts called hund, each of which supplied or included one hundred something. The most fréquent interpretadon has been thal the hundred in ques tion was the number of men for the ledung, i.e. lhe levy of men for the navy. The author uses settlemeiil archaeological material to compare the three folk land in different periods and to analyse the nalure ofthis 'hundred'. The propor tions between the numbers of settlements within the three regions suggest that their names torrespond to the conditions at the end ol the Prehistoric period and that their boundaries were not significantly altered between then and the Middle Ages The number of 'hundreds' in the folkland names may refer to lhe men wilhin the regions who were obliged to the "folk weapons" slipulatcd in the Medieval laws. The hundare-distritts as they are known from the Middle Ages, however, must have been very uneven in population at the end ol the Iron Age and could not have supplied uniformly sized fon es. Mats G. Larsson, Mossby 12, S-27010 Skivarp, Sweden. De tre uppländska folklanden omnämns första härledas ur vissa av namnen på de medeltida gängen i en latinsk text från omkring 1120, det hundarena.