DOCSLIB.ORG

Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment 2015-2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment 2015-2018 Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment 2015-2018 City of York March 2015 Author: Julie Hotchkiss Acting Director of Public Health City of York Health and Wellbeing Board Email: [email protected] PNA Page 2 Contents 1.0 Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.0 Background ................................................................................................................................ 6 3.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 9 4.0 Development of a PNA for York ............................................................................................... 13 4.1 The minimum requirements of a PNA ...................................................................................... 14 4.2 Reviewing the 2011 North Yorkshire and York PNA (NYYPNA) .............................................. 15 4.3 The 2013 Regulations and Department of Health Guidance –matters for consideration ....................................................................................................................................... 16 4.4 Action Planning and Questionnaire Development .................................................................... 17 4.5 Identifying Local Needs ............................................................................................................ 20 4.6 Mapping Current Provision ....................................................................................................... 22 4.7 Identifying unmet needs and priorities ..................................................................................... 23 4.8 Consulting on findings .............................................................................................................. 23 5.0 Control of Entry Application Process ........................................................................................ 24 5.1 Controlled localities (rural) ....................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Reserved locations ................................................................................................................... 26 6.0 Current of Provision Pharmaceutical Services ......................................................................... 27 6.1 Services provided in Community Pharmacy under the contractual framework ........................ 27 6.1.1 Essential services .................................................................................................................... 27 6.1.2 Advanced Services .................................................................................................................. 29 6.1.3 Enhanced services ................................................................................................................... 33 6.1.4 Essential Small Pharmacies Local Pharmaceutical Services contracts ................................... 34 6.1.5 Appliance Contract ................................................................................................................... 34 6.1.6 Distance Selling and Internet Pharmacies ............................................................................... 35 6.1.7 City of York Council .................................................................................................................. 36 6.1.8 Clinical Commissioning Groups ............................................................................................... 39 6.2 Community Pharmacy Contractors .......................................................................................... 39 6.3 Dispensing Activity ................................................................................................................... 40 6.4 Access to pharmaceutical services .......................................................................................... 43 7.0 Identified Health Needs ............................................................................................................ 44 7.1 Illness, disability and risk factors .............................................................................................. 53 7.2 Risks to health .......................................................................................................................... 56 7.3 Public Questionnaires .............................................................................................................. 60 7.4 Health and care professionals’ questionnaire .......................................................................... 63 7.5 Strategic stakeholder’s questionnaire ...................................................................................... 66 8.0 Matters considered in making this assessment ....................................................................... 71 9.0 Commissioning Intentions ........................................................................................................ 76 9.1 Vale of York CCG ..................................................................................................................... 76 PNA Page 3 9.2 City of York Council Public Health ........................................................................................... 77 10.0 Maintenance and Review of this PNA ...................................................................................... 78 10.1 Supplementary statements ...................................................................................................... 78 10.2 Maps ........................................................................................................................................ 78 10.3 PNA Revision ........................................................................................................................... 79 *** Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 80 11.0 Abbreviations used in this document ....................................................................................... 81 12.0 Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 82 Appendix 1 ‐ Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................ 82 Appendix 2 ‐ Community Pharmacies in the City of York ....................................................................... 83 Appendix 3 ‐ Community Pharmacies within NHS Vale of York Clinical Commissioning Group catchment area .......................................................................................................... 94 Appendix 5 – Pharmacy, dispensing GP practice and non‐dispensing GP practice locations .............................................................................................................................. 111 Appendix 6 – Controlled locality boundaries ........................................................................................ 112 Appendix 7 ‐ Questionnaires ................................................................................................................. 113 Pharmacy Users Questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 113 Health or social care service providers and practitioners questionnaire ................................... 120 Strategic Partners Questionnaire ..................................................................................................... 127 Appendix 8 ‐ Questionnaire distribution ............................................................................................... 143 13.0 References ............................................................................................................................. 144 PNA Page 4 1.0 Foreword The local community pharmacy is often the first port-of-call for members of the public when they require advice about health. These services are local, they are widely available and they are staffed by at least one qualified health professional at all times. York Health and Wellbeing Board is committed to developing a Healthy Living Pharmacy programme in the lifetime of this Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment (PNA). Producing a PNA is one of the duties of the Health and Wellbeing Board, and as Public Health transferred from the NHS to local authorities in 2013, production of the assessment is now incumbent upon councils. Local authorities know their areas and the local population very well and are ideally placed to coordinate a wide range of information, analyse and apply it to the local population and planned developments. Linsay Cunningham Chair of the York Health and Wellbeing Board Community Pharmacies are key parts of the primary care system in this country. Of course they dispense medicines prescribed by General Practitioners, but increasingly they are taking on health promotion and prevention activities such as support for attempts to quit smoking, providing Emergency Hormonal Contraception (often still mistakenly known as the “morning after pill” even though it can work up to 72 hours later) and in some cases even minor ailments treatment. The CCG is keen to work with local pharmacists to improve the health of their population. Mark Hayes Chief Clinical Officer NHS Vale
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tadcaster & Healaugh Priory
    TADCASTER AND HEALAUGH PRIORY A 5.5 mile moderate walk mainly easy-going on level farm tracks. There are 3 stiles and there is one short hill towards the beginning of the walk. Start point: Tadcaster Bus Station, behind Britannia Inn, Commercial Street, Tadcaster. LS24 8AA Tadcaster is the last town on the River Wharfe before it joins the River Ouse about 10 miles (16 km) downstream and is twinned with Saint Chély d'Apcher in France . The town was founded by the Romans , who named it Calcaria from the Latin word for lime, reflecting the importance of the area's limestone geology as a natural resource for quarrying , an industry which continues today and has contributed to many notable buildings including York Minster . Calcaria was an important staging post on the road to Eboracum (York ), which grew up at the river crossing. The suffix of the Anglo-Saxon name Tadcaster is derived from the borrowed Latin word castra meaning 'fort', although the Saxons used it for any walled Roman settlement. Tadcaster is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the place where King Harold assembled his army prior to entry into York and subsequently on to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. The original river crossing was probably a simple ford near the present site of St Mary's Church, soon followed by a wooden bridge. Around 1240, the first stone bridge was constructed close by, possibly from stone once again reclaimed from the castle. In 1642 the Battle of Tadcaster , an incident during the English Civil War , took place on and around Tadcaster Bridge between Sir Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentarian forces and the Earl of Newcastle's Royalist army.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnesian Limestone) of Yorkshire
    The building limestones of the Upper Permian, Cadeby Formation (Magnesian Limestone) of Yorkshire Internal Report IR/05/048 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTERNAL REPORT IR/05/048 The building limestones of the Upper Permian, Cadeby Formation (Magnesian Limestone) of Yorkshire The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the G.K. Lott & A.H. Cooper Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number Licence No:100017897/5. Keywords Permian, building stones, Magnesian Limestone. Front cover Imbricated, laminated, rip-up clasts. Bibliographical reference LOTT, G.K. & COOPER, A.H. 2005. The building limestones of the Upper Permian, Cadeby Formation (Magnesian Limestone) of Yorkshire. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/05/048. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected] You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. © NERC 2005. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2005 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Desks.
    [Show full text]
  • On the History of Leeds Before the Norman Conquest, by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Etc., of London
    Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 r- fGEdLOG!CAL SOC:ETY ! OF LOriDO'^L PEOCEEDINGS GEOLOGICAL AND POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY ®i tfje W.t<ai EiKms of ^zx\<^\xz, AT THE SIXTY-FIFTH MEETING, HELD IN THE GYMNASIUM HALL, HUDDERSFIELD, ON THUKSDAY, JUNE 16TH, 1864, AT TWELVE O'CLOCK AT NOON. FREDERICK ROBERT JONES, Esq., in the Chair. The Rev. G. Lloyd, of Thurstonland; John Freeman, Esq., Huddersfield; and Benjamin Crowther, Esq., Wake­ field ; were elected members. The Chairman then called upon the Rev. W. C. LUKIS, F.S.A., to read a Paper ON THE HISTORY OF LEEDS BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST, BY THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., M.A., F.R.S., ETC., OF LONDON. The science of history is perhaps the highest of all the sciences, inasmuch as its object is to make us acquainted with man in the exercise of his most divine faculties, whether for good or for evil, with the progress of his mental culture, in a word, with the development of his destiny ; it prepares him for the future by the knowledge of the past. Moreover, man seems to have a natural tendency to the study of history, he seeks with eagerness to trace the revolutions of peoples and kingdoms which are known to him, he is anxious to become acquainted with the history of his own country, and, r F Downloaded from http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 360 to restrict still more the field of inquiry, who is there who is not curious to learn something of those who have inhabited in former times the place in which he was bom, or in which he lives, and of the events in which they were engaged ? It was for this reason that, when asked to read a paper before the Geological and Polytechnic Society, I chose for my subject the early history of Leeds and of the district surrounding it, Leeds has, during the whole known historic period, been a place of considerable importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Roads in Britain
    ROMAN ROADS IN BRITAIN c < t < r c ROMAN ROADS IN BRITAIN BY THE LATE THOMAS CODRINGTON M, INST.C. E., F. G S. fFITH LARGE CHART OF THE ROMAN ROADS AND SMALL MAPS IN THE TEXT REPRINT OF THIRD EDITION LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1919 . • r r 11 'X/^i-r * ' Ci First Edition^ 1903 Second Edition, Revised, 1905 Tliird Edition, Revised, 1918 (.Reprint), 19 „ ,, 19 PREFACE The following attempt to describe the Roman roads of Britain originated in observations made in all parts of the country as opportunities presented themselves to me from time to time. On turning to other sources of information, the curious fact appeared that for a century past the litera- ture of the subject has been widely influenced by the spurious Itinerary attributed to Richard of Cirencester. Though that was long ago shown to be a forgery, statements derived from it, and suppositions founded upon them, are continually repeated, casting suspicion sometimes unde- served on accounts which prove to be otherwise accurate. A wide publicity, and some semblance of authority, have been given to imaginary roads and stations by the new Ordnance maps. Those who early in the last century, under the influence of the new Itinerary, traced the Roman roads, unfortunately left but scanty accounts of the remains which came under their notice, many of which have since been destroyed or covered up in the making of modern roads; and with the evidence now available few Roman roads can be traced continuously. The gaps can often be filled with reasonable certainty, but more often the precise course is doubtful, and the entire course of some roads connecting known stations of the Itinerary of Antonine can only be guessed at.
    [Show full text]
  • St Mary Bishophill Junior and St Mary Castlegate L
    The Archaeology of York Anglo-Scandinavian York 8/2 St Mary Bishophill Junior and St Mary Castlegate L. P. Wenham, R. A. Hall, C. M. Briden and D. A. Stocker Published for the York Archaeological Trust 1987 by the Council for British Archaeology The Archaeology of York Volume 8: Anglo-Scandinavian York General Editor P.V. Addyman Co-ordinating Editor V. E Black ©York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research 1987 First published by Council for British Archaeology ISBN 0 906780 68 3 Cover illustration: St Mary Bishophill Junior, opening in east elevation of belfry. Drawing by Terry Finnemore Digital edition produced by Lesley Collett, 2011 Volume 8 Fascicule 2 St Mary Bishophill Junior and St Mary Castlegate By L. P. Wenham, R. A. Hall, C. M. Briden and D. A. Stocker Contents St Mary Bishophill Junior ........................................................................................74 Excavation to the North of the Church by L. P. Wenham and R. A. Hall. ..................................................................................75 Introduction ............................................................................................................75 The excavated sequence ..........................................................................................76 Conclusions ............................................................................................................81 The Tower of the Church of St Mary Bishophill Junior by C. M. Briden and D. A. Stocker. .............................................................................84
    [Show full text]
  • North Yorkshire and York Landscape Characterisation Project May 2011
    CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES environment landscape planning North Yorkshire County Council North Yorkshire and York Landscape Characterisation Project May 2011 CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES environment landscape planning North Yorkshire County Council North Yorkshire and York landscape Characterisation Project Approved Dominic Watkins Position Director Date 1 7 May 2011 Revision Final Report CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of the Project 1 1.3 The Study Area 2 1.4 Context 3 1.5 Approach and Methodology 5 1.6 Structure of the Assessment 8 2.0 EVOLUTION OF THE LANDSCAPE 9 2.1 Overview 9 2.2 Physical Influences on Landscape Character 9 2.3 Human and Cultural Influences on Landscape Character 12 2.4 The Landscape Today 27 3.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF NORTH YORKSHIRE AND YORK: IDENTIFYING DISTINCTIVENESS 32 3.1 The North Yorkshire and York Landscape Classification 32 4.0 RETAINING CHARACTER AND MANAGING LANDSCAPE CHANGE 37 4.1 Introduction 37 4.2 Agriculture and Land Management 39 4.3 Development and Infrastructure 44 4.4 Climate Change 47 4.5 Mineral Extraction 50 5.0 THE LANDSCAPES OF NORTH YORKSHIRE AND YORK 52 5.1 Urban Landscapes 52 5.2 Sandstone Landscapes 57 5.3 Limestone Landscapes 66 5.4 Upland Fringe and Valley Landscapes 89 5.5 Coastal Landscapes 115 5.6 Chalk Landscapes 129 5.7 Farmed Lowland and Valley Landscapes 144 North Yorkshire and York May 2011 Landscape Characterisation Project 11110701R Final Report_EC_2011-05-16 Chris Blandford Associates 5.8 Gritstone Landscapes 191 5.9 Siltstone and Sandstone Landscapes
    [Show full text]
  • Character Area 75: Dringhouses and Tadcaster Road
    City of York Historic Characterisation Project - 2013, Character area statements Character area 75: Dringhouses and Key Characteristics Tadcaster Road General Character: A large residential suburban area containing a wide variety of architectural styles spanning the early 18th to early 21st century, including a small amount of social housing. The oldest buildings are of two to three storeys and are situated along the line of Tadcaster Road with side streets and cul-de-sac estates leading off from either side. Many older villas/houses on Tadcaster Road are now guesthouses, hotels and offices. Area bounded by the East Coast main line railway to the west, the residential area of The Mount to the north, The Knavesmire and racecourse to the east, and the A64 to the south. Tadcaster Road runs along a low ridge of morainic material left by glaciers which covered the area during the last ice age Dringhouses was a rural medieval village with traditional linear layout No real open space within village but is situated between The Knavesmire and Hob Moor. Tadcaster Road itself is tree lined along its border with The Knavesmire. Location of character area Tadcaster Road Conservation Area and Dringhouses Area of Archaeological Importance (part) Quiet suburban area away from the main road Includes St. Edward’s Church, York College, Dringhouses Sports Club, Dringhouses Primary School, a library and Tesco superstore Approximate walking/cycling distance to the city centre from Tadcaster Road/Cherry Lane junction is 3.2km via The Mount Dominant Housing Type: Inter-war and post-war two storey, semi-detached houses within estates featuring front and rear gardens, convex bay windows and hipped roofs.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Sheffield the Cemeteries In
    THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD THE CEMETERIES IN ROMAN BRITAIN EVIDENCE FOR MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD THESIS SUBMITTED BY: R. CASA HATTON DEGREE OF PhD YEAR OF SUBMISSION: 1999 THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY THE CEMETERIES IN ROMAN BRITAIN EVIDENCE FOR MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD c THESIS SUBMITTED BY: REBECCA CASA HATION DEGREE OF PhD DATE OF SUBMISSION: MARCH 1999 YEAR OF ACCEPTANCE: 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 SUMMARY 5 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 6 Notes to General Introduction 12 CHAPTER I: ROMAN BRITAIN IN THE IV CENTURY 14 Ll INTRODUCTION 14 L2 ROMAN BRITAIN IN THE IV CENTURY 16 L2. i Economic patterns 16 L2. ii The role of the towns 17 L2. iii The countryside 20 L2. iv Decline of the towns 21 L2. v Christianity in Roman Britain 23 L3 DISCUSSION 28 Notes to Ch. 1 34 CHAPTER II: ROMANO-BRITISH CREMATION CEMETERIES 42 IL I INTRODUCTION 42 1L2 LOCATION AND PLANNING 45 112.i The cemetery sites 45 II 2. ii Planning (or internal features) 66 The act of cremation 66 Cemetery boundaries - 68 Grave markers, enclosures and tombs 69 Cemetery development 72 IL2. iii Location 74 External features 74 Location in relation to the settlement 75 Relocation and cemeteries ofmixed burial rites 76 Observations 78 IL3 DISCUSSION 79 Notes to Ch. II 85 CHAPTER III: ROMANO-BRITISH INHUMATION CEMETERIES 89 HL 1 INTRODUCTION 89 1112LOCATION AND PLANNING 92 IIL2. i The cemetery sites 92 IIL2.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcaria Crescent, Tadcaster, LS24 9LN
    Calcaria Crescent, Tadcaster, LS24 9LN Calcaria Crescent, Tadcaster, LS24 9LN Offers offer: £250,000 This is a beautifully presented three bedroom semi detached property enjoying a choice location in this extremely popular area on the West side of Tadcaster. Benefiting from gas central heating (fitted with a Worcester Bosch combi boiler which is approximately 3 years old) double glazing and cavity wall insulation. The accommodation briefly comprises; welcoming entrance hall leading to a recently fitted kitchen with a range of white gloss curved and straight wall and base units with crystal black quartz preparation surfaces over and a range of integrated appliances. To the ground floor is also a spacious lounge through dining room, conservatory with fitted blinds and a house bathroom. Stairs to the first floor landing lead to three bedrooms, the master of which has a generously sized en-suite shower room. The property is set on a very spacious plot with lovely landscaped, enclosed and private gardens to the rear. A paved pathway leads to a patio area complete with water feature. To the front there is a driveway providing ample off-street parking to the front for multiple vehicles, which leads to a tandem garage. Don't delay in viewing this property! ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATE The energy efficiency rating is a measure of the overall efficiency of a home. The higher the rating the more energy efficient the home is and the lower the fuel bills will be. Hunters 5A Market Place, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS22 6LQ | 01937 588228 [email protected] | www.hunters.com VAT Reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 3 Autumn 2013 Above: Stathes on the East Coast in North Yorkshire Cover: Fire Works Poster Editorial
    TThhee YYoorrkksshhiirree JJoouurrnnaall IIssssuuee 33 AAuuttuummnn 22001133 In this issue: Fireworks and Bonfire Night The Otley Chevin Heritage Time Trail A Nostalgic Look at Alan Bennett’s ‘A Day Out’ The stolen Fairy Gold Cup at Willie Howe in East Yorkshire AA wwooooddeenn ssccuullppttuurree oonn tthhee CChheevviinn,, OOttlleeyy This wooden sculpture was carved by Shane Green a local sculptor and is titled 'Cradle' which was intended to represents a protector of the environment. Notice the colossal hands wrapped around the vulnerable leaf. A timber sculpture trail representing different periods in the Chevin’s history is outlined by Susan Horton on pages 10-17. 2 The Yorkshire Journal TThhee YYoorrkksshhiirree JJoouurrnnaall Issue 3 Autumn 2013 Above: Stathes on the east coast in North Yorkshire Cover: Fire Works Poster Editorial s the autumn nights draw in we have tried to provide some welcome warmth and cheery reading. We start off our journal with a stimulating story looking at the disappearing customs associated with the A celebrations of the 5th of November. One of these bygone traditions is children begging ‘a penny for the Guy’ on streets from passers-by along with street bonfires. The demise of Yorkshire’s manufacturers of fireworks is also explained in this fascinating story. Then, we go along the Otley Chevin Heritage Time Trail. On this circular route are nine striking timber sculptures that have been created. Each timber sculpture represents a different period in the Chevin’s history, go back in time as the trail is walked. A nostalgic story is of Alan Bennett’s first television play for the BBC, ‘A Day Out’.
    [Show full text]
  • Romano-British Place Names
    Romano-British Place Names ABONE Sea Mills, Avon [ Iter XIV... Abone, RC... ABONA CONCANGIS Chester-le-Street, Durham (referring just to the river Avon ?) ]] CONCAVATA Drumburgh, Cumbria AD ANSAM Capel St Mary, Suffolk ?? [ Iter IX... Ad Ad CONOVIUM ?? Caerhun, Gwynnedd [Iter XI...Conovio ]] Ansam ]] CONDATE Northwich, Cheshire [ Iter II...Condate ]] AD PONTEM East Stoke, Notts [ Iter VI... Ad Pontem ]] CONDERCUM Benwell, Tyne & Wear ABALLAVA Burgh by Sands, Cumbria CORINIUM DOBUNNORUM Cirencester, Glos AESICA Great Chesters, Northumb CORIOSOPITUM Corbridge, Northumb [ Iter AGELOCO Littleborough [ Iter VIII... Ageloco ]] I..I..Corstopitum]] ALABUM Llandovery, Dyfed CROCOCALANA Brough, Notts [ Iter VI... Crocalana ]] ALAUNA Maryport, Cumbria CUNETIO Mildenhall, Wilts ALAUNA Ardoch, Tayside DANUM Doncaster, S Yorks [ Iter V... Dano ]] ALAUNA Watercrook, Cumbria [ Iter X... Alone ]] DELGOVICIA Millington E Yorks [ Iter I...... Delgovicia ]] ANDERITUM Pevensey, E Sussex DERVENTIO Malton, N Yorks [ Iter I... Derventione ]] AQVAE ARNEMETIAE Buxton, Derby DERVENTIO Littlechester, Derby AQUAE SULIS Bath, Avon DERVENTIO Papcastle, Cumbria ARBEIA South Shields, Tyne & Wear DEVA Chester, Cheshire [ Iter II... Deva ]] ARDOTALIA Melandra Castle, Derby DUNUM Hod Hill, Dorset ARICONIUM Weston-under-Penyard, H'ford & Worcs DURNOVARIA Dorchester, Dorset BANNA Birdoswald, Cumbria DUROBRIVAE Water Newton, Cambs [ Iter V. Durobrivas ]] BANNAVENTA Whilton Lodge, Northants [ Iter DUROBRIVAE Rochester, Kent [ Iter II... Durobrivis ]] II...II... Bannaventa ]]
    [Show full text]
  • TADCASTER to NEWTON KYME CIRCULAR an Easy Going 5.5 Mile Walk with No Stiles and Only One Very Short Steep Bit; Along with a Gradual ½ Mile up Hill Road Section
    TADCASTER TO NEWTON KYME CIRCULAR An easy going 5.5 mile walk with no stiles and only one very short steep bit; along with a gradual ½ mile up hill road section. Start point: Tadcaster Bus Station, behind Britannia Inn, Commercial Street, Tadcaster. LS24 8AA Tadcaster is the last town on the River Wharfe before it joins the River Ouse about 10 miles (16 km) downstream and is twinned with Saint Chély d'Apcher in France . The town was founded by the Romans , who named it Calcaria from the Latin word for lime, reflecting the importance of the area's limestone geology as a natural resource for quarrying , an industry which continues today and has contributed to many notable buildings including York Minster . Calcaria was an important staging post on the road to Eboracum (York ), which grew up at the river crossing. The suffix of the Anglo-Saxon name Tadcaster is derived from the borrowed Latin word castra meaning 'fort', although the Saxons used it for any walled Roman settlement. Tadcaster is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the place where King Harold assembled his army prior to entry into York and subsequently on to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. The original river crossing was probably a simple ford near the present site of St Mary's Church, soon followed by a wooden bridge. Around 1240, the first stone bridge was constructed close by, possibly from stone once again reclaimed from the castle. In 1642 the Battle of Tadcaster , an incident during the English Civil War , took place on and around Tadcaster Bridge between Sir Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentarian forces and the Earl of Newcastle's Royalist army.
    [Show full text]