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Analysis of Tariff Integration Between MRT and Transjakarta* Advances in Engineering Research, volume 193 2nd International Symposium on Transportation Studies in Developing Countries (ISTSDC 2019) Analysis of Tariff Integration Between MRT and TransJakarta* Kevin Ginevra Arota Hulu Andyka Kusuma Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department University of Indonesia University of Indonesia Depok, Indonesia Depok, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—The Tariff Integration System is a tariff payment residents to reduce transportation cost. Tariff integration system where users of public transportation make payments allows passengers to use several transportation modalities only once but can use two or more modes of public by only buying one ticket, which can be used for a short transportation. For this study, the modes of transportation period or can also have seasonal validity [4]. Therefore, this reviewed are TransJakarta and MRT. The purpose of this study tries to find out what the people of Jakarta perceive study is to find out the preferences that affect the community regarding tariff integration, to know the factors that can about the tariff integration system. influence people's behaviour towards tariff integration, as well as the preference for integration rates for the community. The II. TARIFF INTEGRATION SYSTEM data collection method for this study is the Stated Preference Method. The survey conducted in two places, namely in the The Integration Tariff system allows passengers to use downtown and in the suburbs. The survey in the downtown is several transportation modalities (for example, intercity and held at the Bendungan Hilir Shelter (TransJakarta Corridor 1) city buses, subways, local trains, and ferries). By only while the survey in the suburbs is carried out at Lebak Bulus buying one ticket, which can be used in a short period (for Station. Data processing methods for this study is the Discrete example, two hours, everyday ticket) or it can also have Choice Model. The two influential variables in this study are seasonal validity (for example, weekly, monthly or yearly). price and time. The results of this study are the number of Thus, integrated travel cards allow users to consider the tariffs that can be accepted by the community. entire public transport system in a particular area (urban, metropolitan or even regional) as if a single company Keywords: Tariff Integration System, TransJakarta, MRT, Stated Preference Method, Discrete Choice Model offering unitary services organized it. The Integration Tariff System has been introduced in many countries (London, Stockholm, and Italy) and is the subject of exploratory I. INTRODUCTION studies promoted by the European Commission, and by DKI Jakarta Province is the most populous province in Governments [4]. Indonesia. The population of DKI Jakarta increases every year, according to population projections in 2010, the TABLE I. TARIFF TYPES population of DKI Jakarta in 2018 will be 10.46 million people with a population density of 15.804 people/km2 [1]. Advantages and Disadvantages of Main Tariff Types Main Important to Along with the increase in the population of the city of Advantages Disadvantages Jakarta, motorised vehicle users in Jakarta also experienced Types Consider No cutting up Low tariff an increase where the number of motorised vehicles in 2016 of political yield, according to the Jakarta Central Bureau of Statistics municipalities depending Natural amounted to 18.006.404 million vehicles [2]. This increase on tariff sub- boundaries to causes congestion that can affect economic and social Transparenc type be considered y and Possible activities in the city of Jakarta. Fair for users simplicity large price Zone tariff Fixed zone Customer jumps at Therefore, the government made several ways to (ring zone, boundaries orientation zone overcome the congestion problem, one of which is to area zone, Identical Large zones boundaries; provide alternative transportation that serves to reduce the honeycomb) zones for Easy tariff passes and use of private vehicles this two alternatives public handling for regulations single tickets transportation namely TransJakarta and MRT. Jakarta's operators for Dimensions mitigations population expenditures for public transportation according of zones leads to to Iskandar Abubakar, Chair of the Jakarta City Fare unwanted level/tariff Transportation Board, the average Jakarta citizen is complexity spending 20 to 30 per cent of his income to use public yield Fair for users Easy transportation which should be a maximum of 14 per cent of Transparent handling for total income [3]. Kilometre for users Transparenc operators tariff Fare y for users High tariff Therefore, tariff integration is beneficial for Jakarta level/tariff yield yield This study is funded through the PITTA grant scheme No. ND 162/UN2.R3.1/PPM.00/2019 Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 86 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 193 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 193 Different types of tariff systems exist throughout Station. This place was chosen because the potential market Europe, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Most for MRT mostly comes from TransJakarta Corridor 1 and systems based on zone rates or kilometer rates. It is essential Lebak Bulus Station, also to see MRT users from downtown to verify which type of tariff is suitable for a particular area and suburbs. [5]. As can be seen in TABLE I. Some of the benefits of price integration come from IV. DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL AND STATED PREFERENCE reducing transaction costs for passengers. Interchanges are METHOD easier to exploit, and boarding time is reduced because some In seeking tariff integration, this paper approaches the controls can be issued to passengers who have validated method using the discrete choice model. The Discrete their documents beforehand. Price integration tends to Choice Model can be used to analyze and predict decision- reduce the quality gap between public and private (auto- makers from one alternative from a series of exclusive mobile) transportation, by increasing flexibility from the alternatives and limited complementarity. Such a model has previous one in meeting customer demand, and thus is many applications because many behavioral responses are credited with expanding the protection of public transport discrete or qualitative; that is, they are following the choice [6]. of one or another of a series of alternatives [10]. The binary logit model is used to do modal selection III. MRT AND TRANSJAKARTA NETWORK modelling, which consists of only two alternative modes. There are two types of models that are often used, namely TABLE II. MRT AND TRANSJAKARTA NETWORK MAP the logit-binary-difference model and the logit-binary-ratio Lebak model that can be solved using linear regression-based Blok M Bulus methods. The quantitative parameters that are often used as Agung Fatmawati determinants in modal choice are travel costs or travel time. Mosque The choice between the logit-binary-difference model and Senayan Cipete Roundabout Raya the logit-binary ratio model in the choice of mode is Gelora Haji Nawi primarily determined by one's perception of comparing Bung travel costs or travel time in choosing the mode to be used. Blok A Karno If the travel time data between zone pairs varies greatly, it is Polda Blok M Metro Jaya better to use the logit-binary ratio model, whereas if travel Phase time is not very varied, it can use the logit-binary-difference Benhil ASEAN 1 Karet model [11]. Senayan Sudirman Dukuh Atas For two alternative modes, the probability of choosing a Istora 1 mode I can be calculated by the following probability: [11] Transjakarta MRT (Corridor 1) Tosari Setiabudi HI Stations Shelter Benhil Roundabout Pt(i) = exp{-(Vit)} / [exp{-(Vit)} + exp{-(Vjt)}] Dukuh Sarinah Atas For the equation of the logit-binomial are [11]: BI Bund.HI Monas Sarinah Harmoni Monas Central The use of stated preference methods to search for data Sawah Harmoni is used because this method allows controlling the choices Besar Mangga Sawah Phase that will be given to a hypothetical situation, then these Besar Besar 2 choices will be given to the respondent so that we know Mangga each respondent's preferences. So stated preference Olimo Besar conditions meet the needs of the discrete choice model. Glodok Glodok Stated Preference Method refers to a part of a technique that City City uses individual respondents’ statements about preferences in Based on the map of the TransJakarta Network [7] and a set of transportation options to estimate utility functions. the MRT network map [8], we can conclude that there are The choice is usually a description of the transportation several intersections between the TransJakarta Corridor 1 situation or the context that was built by the researcher. By and the MRT station. As can be seen in TABLE II. above, their nature, stated preference methods require surveys this integration will occur at Lebak Bulus Station, Blok M specifically designed for data collection [12]. The variables Station, ASEAN Station, Istora Station, Senayan Station, that we use on stated preference method are known in the Bendungan Hilir Station, Dukuh Atas Station, and Hotel previous discussion, namely time and cost. Indonesia Station Roundabout [9]. Those stations are where the tariff integration system will be carried out. This paper V. DESCRIPTIVE RESPONDENT took samples in TransJakarta Corridor 1, precisely at In the Downtown survey conducted at the Bendungan Bendungan Hilir Shelter and MRT Station at Lebak Bulus Hilir Shelter (TransJakarta Corridor 1), there were 55 87 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 193 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 193 respondents. The respondents consisted of 27 men and 28 to the length of the travel group, where the group I with the women. Of the 55 respondents, there were seven respondents duration of travel <= 60 minutes and group II with a travel aged under 20 years, 31 respondents aged 20 - 39 years, and time> 60 minutes.
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