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Greater Jakarta Area (Jabodetabek) Indonesia DATA COLLECTION REPORT Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) for Asian Cities GREATER JAKARTA AREA (JABODETABEK) INDONESIA Dr. Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto (Consultant) Dr. Muiz Thohir (GJTA) 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................................. 2 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Current state of urban transport systems and service ...................................................................... 7 3. Data collection approach for SUTI ................................................................................................... 11 4. Data for SUTI (key data – detail in Excel sheet) ............................................................................... 12 a. Indicator 1 Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport ...................................................................................................................................... 12 b. Indicator 2. Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting .................................... 18 c. Indicator 3. Convenient Access to Public Transport Service........................................................ 20 d. Indicator 4. Public Transport Quality and Reliability ................................................................... 22 e. Indicator 5. Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. ................................................................ 24 f. Indicator 6. Travel Cost as a share of Income .............................................................................. 25 g. Indicator 7. Ratio of fare revenue to operating costs for public transport systems (‘Fare box ratio’) ........................................................................................................................................... 25 h. Indicator 8. Investment in Public Transport System .................................................................... 26 i. Indicator 9. Air Quality (PM10) .................................................................................................... 26 j. Indicator 10. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. .................................................................................... 28 5. Analysis of data (input data in Excel sheet and results) .................................................................. 29 6. Perspective on SUTI pilot exercise ................................................................................................... 30 7. Useful references and persons, experts and officials met .............................................................. 31 8. Annexes; useful data and material such as city transport plan, photographs of urban transport systems etc. ............................................................................................................................................. 31 2 LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Area of Greater Jakarta 5 1.2 Land Use of Greater Jakarta 6 1.3 Urban Density in Greater Jakartra. 7 2.1 Traffic density during 2002, 2010 and 2020 clockwise 8 2.2 Person Trip Distribution 9 2.3 Road Network in Greater Jakarta 10 4.1 Four Component in the Indicator 1 13 4.2 The Greater Jakarta Public Transport Network Plan in 2019 16 4.3 Jakarta LRT Network Plan 16 4.4 Pedestrian Facilities Program in Central Jakarta 17 4.5 Campaign for Pedestrian “Right” to Educate Motor Cyclist Not Using the Facilities 17 4.6 Bicycle Facility in the campus area at University of Indonesia Depok 17 4.7 Public Bicycle at Tourist Area at Heritage “Old Town” Jakarta 18 4.8 Intermodal Facility at the Railway Station 18 4.9 Automatic Parking using E-Money at Railway station 18 4.10 Progress of MRT Construction in Jakarta 20 4.11 Progress of LRT Construction at Jakarta Toll Road to Bogor 20 4.12 Public Transport Service Area 22 4.13 Public Transport Quality and Realibility- 2012 23 4.14 Fatalities during Latest 5 Years in GJTA 25 4.15 Fatalities by Mode (2015) 25 5.1 Spider Diagram of Greater Jakarta 29 3 LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Table Population of Greater Jakarta 7 2.1 Public Transport Service Financing 10 4.1 Indicator 1 for Greater Jakarta 14 4.2 Table Modal Share by Income Level 19 4.3 Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport 20 4.4 Public Transport Service Area 21 4.5 Public Buses Quality and Realibility- 2017 24 4.6 Traffic Accident 24 4.7 Vehicle Emission Standard for Jakarta 27 4.8 Air Quality 28 4.9 Traffic Volume in Jakarta 28 4.10 Estimated Emission from Traffic Volumes 28 4.11 Estimated Emission from Fuel Sales 28 7.1 List of Person Contacts 30 4 Annex 1: Greater Jakarta Collection Report 1. Introduction Jakarta is the capital city of Republic Indonesia and the importance for the regional economy activities. Along with rapid economic growth and urbanization, Jakarta has severed with traffic and transportation problems in the last 20 years. The economic growth are double to the national average growth as the results of rampant economic investment. Thus, the city attract more people, and best national young talent to come. Inevitably, the city are sprawling, and it creates a metro area that we called Greater Jakarta which comprises of 8 cities surrounded. The total area of the Jakarta city only 9% of total the greater area, and the ratio of built up areas are ±20%. Figure 1.1 Area of Greater Jakarta 5 Figure 1.2. Land Use of Greater Jakarta Greater Jakarta is urban agglomeration which covers six cities and three regencies i,e. Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Tangerang Selatan, Bekasi regency, Tangerang regency and Bogor Regency. The population has reached ±30 million and density is 4,461 person/km2. The population mostly distributed in the centre part, northern part, and also eastern part of the metro area. The housing price in the centre has gentrified middle and lower income people to live in urban fringe. Nevertheless, the centre part of areas are still populous. Particular lower income worker could not afford the transport cost to travel from urban fringe to centre. Thus, slums and squatters area are obviously seen in particular place in the city of Jakarta side by side with luxury apartment. 6 Figure 1.3 Urban Density in Greater Jakartra Table 1.1 Table Population of Greater Jakarta Name of The City Area (Km2) Population (in Density Projection of million) (Pop/km2) 20 years Growth (%) JAKARTA (CITY) 662,33 10,08 15231,9 0,86 BOGOR REGENCY 2997,13 5,1 1705,8 1,22 BEKASI REGENCY 1269,51 2,81 2219,8 1,22 BOGOR (CITY) 111,73 1,03 9269,9 1,49 BEKASI (CITY) 213,58 2,54 11914,3 1,49 DEPOK (CITY) 199,44 1,89 9500,5 1,49 TANGERANG REGENCY 1011,86 3,13 3101,4 1,59 TANGERANG (CITY) 153,93 2,02 13163,6 1,99 SOUTH TANGERANG 147,19 1,45 9876,0 1,99 SELATAN (CITY) TOTAL 6766,7 30,1 2. Current state of urban transport systems and service Private vehicles in urban growth has increased significantly, while the shares of public transport capital from year to year tends to decrease. In the 2000 the use of public transport reached 58% and significantly decreased in 2010 to 28%. 7 The motorization dependency in Jakarta somehow occurs due to a prior policy fallacy. Unreliable public transport has triggered a car explosion usage for daily commuting that is driven by car industries promotion and affordable fuel price. The Central statistics data shows that the private cars and motorcycle ownership grows 12% in average each year as a natural effort by each individual to fulfill their mobility needs. The gentrification process creates more travel-km that is produced by lower and middle income who mostly dwell in urban fringe and work in the center. As the consequences, Jakarta now notoriously known as 7th worst traffic in the world. Annually, Jakarta suffers from an economic loss of 46 trillion IDR, or equal to 3,8 billion EUR, due to transport congestion. Fig.2.1. Traffic density by JICA (Bappenas, 2004) shows the location of traffic attraction during 2002, 2010 and 2020 (est.)- clockwise Figure 2.1 Traffic density during 2002, 2010 and 2020 -clockwise 8 Figure 2.2 Person Trip Distribution Jakarta government applies pro-poor policy through subsidized BRT ticket and Commuter rail fare. The policy has been pleased by the Jakarta Government ordinance No. 5/2014, and also National Act No. 22/2009. The fare discount is applied to encourage people shift from private vehicle to public transport. The table (x) shows the public transport option in Jakartra. The Transjakarta system applies flat fare for any trips in inner Jakarta system network, but the commuter line uses distance-based fare ticket. Both of them are subsidized in order to make it cheap. In addition, Jakarta government also starts to establish ticket integration between Transjakarta and Commuter Line using electronic transport card. However, commuters still must pay a penalty fare while they transfer to intermediate bus network and angkot which is still unintegrated and unreliable. Currently, Jakarta has two kinds of rapid transit system: Transjakarta BRT and Commuter Rail (KRL). Both of the system only serve the trunk network.
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