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Georgia 2016 Human Rights Report
GEORGIA 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT Note: Except where otherwise noted, figures and other data do not include the occupied regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The constitution provides for an executive branch that reports to the prime minister, a unicameral parliament, and a separate judiciary. The government is accountable to parliament. The president is the head of state and commander in chief. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) termed the October parliamentary elections competitive and administered in a manner that respected the rights of candidates and voters, but it stated that the open campaign atmosphere was affected by allegations of unlawful campaigning and incidents of violence. According to the ODIHR, election commissions and courts often did not respect the principle of transparency and the right to effective redress between the first and second rounds, which weakened confidence in the election administration. In the 2013 presidential election, the OSCE/ODIHR concluded the vote “was efficiently administered, transparent and took place in an amicable and constructive environment.” While the election results reflected the will of the people, observers noted several problems, including allegations of political pressure at the local level, inconsistent application of the election code, and limited oversight of alleged campaign finance violations. Civilian authorities maintained effective control of the security forces. The -
Overview of Cases on Restriction of Religious Freedoms and Discrimination
Overview of Cases on Restriction of Religious Freedoms and Discrimination The present report was prepared in the framework of the project – “Increasing Access to Justice for დოკუმენტი მომზადებულია პროექტის „მართლმსაჯულების ხელმისაწვდომობის გაძლიერება Discriminated Religious Communities“ - financed by the program “Promoting Rule of Law in Georgia დისკრიმინირებული რელიგიური თემებისთვის” ფარგლებში, რომელიც ხორციელდება (PROLoG) implemented by the East-West Management Institute (EWMI). ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების საერთაშორისო განვითარების სააგენტოს (USAID) მხარდაჭერით, აღმოსავლეთ - დასავლეთის მართვის ინსტიტუტის (EWMI)-ის პროგრამის The report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for „კანონის უზენაესობის მხარდაჭერა საქართველოში“ (PROLoG) ფარგლებში. International Development (USAID). Responsibility for the content of the report lies entirely with the authors.მიმოხილვაში Views expressedგამოთქმული in this მოსაზრება publication შესაძლოაdo not necessarily არ გამოხატავდეს reflect the viewsUSAID of -theის U.Sპოზიციას Government. orშესაბამისად United States, USAID Agency არ forარის International პასუხისმგებელი Development. მასალის შინაარსზე. ხელმძღვანელი: თამთა მიქელაძე ავტორები: მარიამ ბეგაძე, ეთო გვრიტიშვილი, ქეთი ჩუთლაშვილი რედაქტორი: ლაშა ქავთარაძე დიზაინერი: თორნიკე ლორთქიფანიძე გარეკანი: სალომე ლაცაბიძე აკრძალულია აქ მოყვანილი მასალების გადაბეჭდვა, გამრავლება ან გავრცელება კომერციული მიზნით, ცენტრის წერილობითი ნებართვის გარეშე. ადამიანის უფლებების სწავლებისა და მონიტორინგის ცენტრი (EMC) მისამართი: -
Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia
The Churches of Mtskheta: Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia Samantha Johnson Senior Art History Thesis December 14, 2017 The small town of Mtskheta, located near Tbilisi, the capital of the Republic of Georgia, is the seat of the Georgian Orthodox Church and is the heart of Christianity in the country. This town, one of the oldest in the nation, was once the capital and has been a key player throughout Georgia’s tumultuous history, witnessing not only the nation’s conversion to Christianity, but also the devastation of foreign invasions. It also contains three churches that are national symbols and represent the two major waves of church building in the seventh and eleventh centuries. Georgia is, above all, a Christian nation and religion is central to its national identity. This paper examines the interaction between incoming foreign cultures and deeply-rooted local traditions that have shaped art and architecture in Transcaucasia.1 Nestled among the Caucasus Mountains, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, present-day Georgia contains fewer than four million people and has its own unique alphabet and language as well as a long, complex history. In fact, historians cannot agree on how Georgia got its English exonym, because in the native tongue, kartulad, the country is called Sakartvelo, or “land of the karvelians.”2 They know that the name “Sakartvelo” first appeared in texts around 800 AD as another name for the eastern kingdom of Kartli in Transcaucasia. It then evolved to signify the unified eastern and western kingdoms in 1008.3 Most scholars agree that the name “Georgia” did not stem from the nation’s patron saint, George, as is commonly thought, but actually comes 1 This research addresses the multitude of influences that have contributed to the development of Georgia’s ecclesiastical architecture. -
Upper Svaneti Adaptation Strategy to the Climate Change
Upper Svaneti Adaptation Strategy to the Climate Change Tbilisi 2014 1 The present report is drafted in the process of preparation of Georgia’s Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. The preparation process involved a large group of specialists, representing: the Ministry of Environment and National Resources Protection of Georgia; the Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia; the Ministry of Energy of Georgia; the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia; the Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia; the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia; the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia; Georgian National Agency of Cultural Heritage Protection; National Environmental Agency; Institute of Geography; individual academic institutes; representatives of local government of Mestia municipality and local consultants engaged in tourism, health and agriculture, independent experts and NGOs. Published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Georgia "The views expressed in this publication belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the United Nations or the United Nations Development Programme“ © UNDP Georgia 2014 Copyright Published in Georgia 2 Abbreviations ADA - Austrian Development Agency CDM - Clean Development Mechanism CTCN – Climate Technology Centre and Network CVD- Cardiovascular Diseases ENVSEC -Environmental Security Initiative EU –European Union EWS – Early Warning Systems GCF - Green Climate Fund GDP –Gross Domestic -
GEORGIA Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation
GEORGIA Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation Council of Europe Original: Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation in Georgia (English version) The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. The reproduction of extracts (up to 500 words) is authorised, except for commercial purposes as long as the integrity of the text is preserved, the excerpt is not used out of context, does not provide incomplete information or does not otherwise mislead the reader as to the nature, scope or content of the text. The source text must always be acknowledged as follows All other requests concerning the reproduction/translation of all or part of the document, should be addressed to the Directorate of Communications, Council of Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). All other requests concerning this publication should be addressed to the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe Cover design and layout: RGOLI F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex France © Council of Europe, December 2020 E-mail: [email protected] (2nd edition) Acknowledgements This Handbook on Transparency and Citizen Participation in Georgia was developed by the (2015-2017) in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus. It was implemented as part of the Partnership for Good Governance 2015-2017 between the Council of Europe and the European Union. The research work and writing of this updated edition was carried out by the Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI), a Georgian non-governmental organisation. -
Investment Project Catalogue September 2020
INVESTINGEORGIA.ORG INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES 2020 A PLEASURE DOING BUSINESS Located in the Caucasus region, on the coast of The country's ambitious objectives to be one of the Black Sea, Georgia is geographically well the best investment locations on the world map positioned as a gateway between Europe and are reflected in number of different Asia. The country is perfectly situated for easy well-recognized international rankings, where access to most major European, Central Asian Georgia maintains strong positions. For and Middle Eastern markets and has free trade example, Georgia holds 7th position in World agreements (FTAs) with most of them. In this Bank’s 2020 “Ease of Doing Business Index”. way, Georgia already boasts majority of the Foreign-owned businesses make significant preconditions required to become a regional contribution to the Georgian economy and its financial and business centre. great position for deepening links between Europe and Asia will further raise country’s Today, Georgia has a strong investment offer - productivity - via the transfer of technology, by it has liberal and free market oriented economic increased export-oriented investments and policy, access to 2.3 billion consumer market stronger regional competition positions. through its solid FTA network including both EU and China, educated, skilled and competitively Georgia is a great destination for companies priced workforce, 6 types of low and flat taxes, from all around the world, whether it’s to enter significantly decreased number of licenses and the regional market itself, the European market, permissions, well developed, integrated and or the broader Asian markets. It is a country full multimodal transport infrastructure. -
Climate Change National Adaptation Plan for Georgia's Agriculture Sector
ENVIRONMENTALEE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION CENTRE Climate Change National Adaptation Plan for Georgia’s Agriculture Sector Tbilisi, 2017 1 This document is prepared by the LEPL “Environmental Information and Education Center” of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia, under the joint or- der of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection and the Ministry of Ag- riculture. The project has been initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture within the frameworks of the “Agriculture Modernization, Market Access and Resilience” (AMMAR) project. This proj- ect is implementing by the Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia with the support of IFAD / GEF. LEPL “Environmental Information and Education Center” of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia thanks to all participants of the project: Marina Shvangiradze - Sustainable Developmen Center Remissia (project team leader); Davit Bedoshvili - impact of climate change on wheat and corn; Salome Gelashvili - Argiculture Policy Research Center (ISET), cost-benefit analysis of the measures for adaptation to climate change; Gizo Gogichaishvili - National Environmental Agency (impact of climate change on potato); Vakhtang Goguadze - LEPL Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (citrus, potato and livestock breeding in Adjara); Medea Inashvili - project expert (guide on preparation of national adaptation plan on climate change for agriculture sector); Nato Kutaladze - National Environmental -
Natural Resources of Georgia and Environmental Protection 2018
STATISTICAL PUBLICATION | 2018 NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF GEORGIA Natural Resources of Georgia and Environmental Protection 2018 Statistical Publication TBILISI 2019 1 STATISTICAL PUBLICATION | 2018 Editors: Gogita Todradze Lia Dzebisauri Person responsible for the publication: Irakli Tsikhelashvili Persons worked on the publication: Tamar Tarashvili Nino Zurabishvili Notation keys: ... Data are not available - Magnitude nil Negligible 0.0 magnitude The discrepancy between the totals and the sum in some cases can be explained by using rounded data The data in this publication do not cover uccupied territories of Georgia (Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region) © National Statistic Office of Georgia 30, Tsotne Dadiani Str., 0180, Tbilisi, Georgia Phone/Fax: (+995 32) 2 36 72 10 (500) E-mail: [email protected] Web-page: www.geostat.ge 2 STATISTICAL PUBLICATION | 2018 Foreword Statistical publication "Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of Georgia" presents information on the use of land, forest and water resources, ambient air protection, protected areas, natural disasters and environ- mental violations. It also includes methodological explanations and information from different reference and scien- tific sources. The preparation of this publication is based on the growing interest of a wide range of users, however, the in- formation collected in it, presents the best way of policy planning at local or global levels. In addition, the need to produce environmental indicators is related to the most important issues of global policy, such as climate change and environmental security. The data in the publication reflects the natural resources of Georgia and developed trends of environmental activities in 2000-2018. Substantive comments and suggestions on the format and content of the publication will be highly appreciated by the group of authors. -
Medicinal Ethnobotany of Wild Plants
Kazancı et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2020) 16:71 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00415-y RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia- Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus Ceren Kazancı1* , Soner Oruç2 and Marine Mosulishvili1 Abstract Background: The Mountains of the Western Lesser Caucasus with its rich plant diversity, multicultural and multilingual nature host diverse ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants. However, cross-cultural medicinal ethnobotany and patterns of plant knowledge have not yet been investigated in the region. Doing so could highlight the salient medicinal plant species and show the variations between communities. This study aimed to determine and discuss the similarities and differences of medicinal ethnobotany among people living in highland pastures on both sides of the Georgia-Turkey border. Methods: During the 2017 and 2018 summer transhumance period, 119 participants (74 in Turkey, 45 in Georgia) were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The data was structured in use-reports (URs) following the ICPC classification. Cultural Importance (CI) Index, informant consensus factor (FIC), shared/separate species-use combinations, as well as literature data were used for comparing medicinal ethnobotany of the communities. Results: One thousand five hundred six UR for 152 native wild plant species were documented. More than half of the species are in common on both sides of the border. Out of 817 species-use combinations, only 9% of the use incidences are shared between communities across the border. Around 66% of these reports had not been previously mentioned specifically in the compared literature. -
Landscapes, Settlements and Traditional Housing in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
ROMAN MAISURADZE, TAMAR KHARDZIANI, TEA ERADZE QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 40(1) • 2021 LANDSCAPES, SETTLEMENTS AND TRADITIONAL HOUSING IN SAMTSKHE-JAVAKHETI, GEORGIA ROMAN MAISURADZE 1, TAMAR KHARDZIANI 2, TEA ERADZE 1 1Department of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 2Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Manuscript received: February 4, 2021 Revised version: March 1, 2021 MAISURADZE R., KHARDZIANI T., ERADZE T., 2021. Landscapes, settlements and traditional housing in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia. Quaestiones Geographicae 40(1), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 85–95. 5 figs, 2 tables. ABSTRACT: A change in livelihood and folk architecture is an indicator of cultural landscape transformation, which is often the result of changes occurring in the natural and socio-political realms. The diversity of architectural types of buildings as an element of landscape diversity distinguishes our research region. The presented study deals with a long-term change of housing and architectural types of settlements. Our goal was to identify, geolocalise, and classify the vernacular architecture of Samtskhe-Javakheti within the different types of natural landscapes. For this purpose, we used the HGIS (Historical Geoinformation System) approach, which comprises the application of both historic sources and GIS technologies. We identified seven types of buildings in the study area, the characteristics of which depended on the natural landscape features. The following factors had been determining the geography of the con- struction: geology, seismicity, terrain, climate, access to building materials and defence. Dominant architectural types of buildings in the study region were as follows: fortress Rabat with stone houses, stone houses, semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, semi-underground houses, terraced semi-underground houses, cave dwellings and wooden log houses. -
Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia: National Urban Assessment
REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA National Urban Assessment ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA NATIONAL URBAN ASSESSMENT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-352-2 (Print), 978-92-9257-353-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168254 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Realizing the urban potential in Georgia—National urban assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development.2. Georgia.3. National urban assessment, strategy, and road maps. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. This publication was finalized in November 2015 and statistical data used was from the National Statistics Office of Georgia as available at the time on http://www.geostat.ge The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. -
Connecting Tusheti
Connecting Tusheti The Impact of Community Networking in Europe’s Highest Settlements Connecting This report was prepared by Nino Nanitashvili (independent consultant) and edited by Mike Jensen (Association for Progressive Communications) on behalf of Internet Society. It was made possible through the advisory and logistical support of Maarit Palovirta and Jane Coffin (Internet Society); Irakli(Rati) Kochlamazashvili, Natia Gogotidze and Zurab Babulaidze (Tusheti Development Fund); Ucha Seturi (Small and Medium Telecom Operators Association of Georgia (TOA)), and Nicola Bidwell (Association for Progressive Communications). The photos included in the report were taken by Jake Borden in Tusheti, during August 2018. © Internet Society | Jake Borden Photography Connecting Tusheti The Impact of Community Networking in Europe’s Highest Settlements Dec 2 2018 Connecting Tusheti Introduction Tusheti is one of the highest and most isolated settlements in Europe — an ecologically unspoiled community of historical and cultural significance in the Greater Caucasus Mountains of Georgia. The area’s sparse population and rugged topography has meant that it has been left unconnected by commercial operators for both Internet and often mobile voice services. To help address the isolation of the area, an independent locally operated wireless Internet service was set up in August 2017 with in-kind support from members of the community, the Georgian Telecom Operators Association, the ISOC Georgia Chapter and other local stakeholders as well as financial support from Internet Society (ISOC). A year later, the Internet service continues to operate and has already provided a variety of benefits to Tusheti’s residents and visitors, particularly in the hospitality sector. These and other impacts and outcomes are described below in more detail in this status report which examines how access to the Internet in remote and rural areas such as Tusheti can help to foster social and economic development.