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Las Literaturas China Y Española Frente a Frente: Recepción, Influencias Y Perspectivas

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Las Literaturas China Y Española Frente a Frente: Recepción, Influencias Y Perspectivas UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura TESIS DOCTORAL Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Min Sun Directores Felipe González Alcázar Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid Ed. electrónica 2019 © Min Sun, 2019 Tesis doctoral Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas Min Sun Directores: Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Filología UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura TESIS DOCTORAL Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR MIN SUN Directores Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid, 2019 Facultad de Filología Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas TESIS DOCTORAL Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Estudios literarios Doctoranda: Min Sun Directores: Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid, 2019 A mis padres ÍNDICE Agradecimientos .................................................................................................... I RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL ................................................................................ III RESUMEN EN INGLÉS /DISSERTATION SUMMARY .................................... V RESUMEN EN CHINO/中文摘要 .................................................................... IX INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................ 1 0.1. Presentación del tema ............................................................................................ 5 0.2. Metodología: objetivos y materiales ..................................................................... 8 PARTE I: MARCO TEÓRICO Y CUESTIONES GENERALES. RELACIONES ENTRE LA LITERATURA CHINA Y LA LITERATURA ESPAÑOLA: INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................... 13 1.1. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO .................................................................... 13 1.1.1. Relaciones culturales entre Este (China) y Oeste .................................................. 16 1.1.1.1 Antes de 1900 ...................................................................................................... 17 1.1.1.2. Después de 1900 ................................................................................................ 27 1.1.2. Relaciones culturales entre China y España .............................................................. 39 1.1.2.1. Contacto indirecto del siglo I al siglo XIX: el estereotipo de China como mito en España ........................................................................................................................................... 39 1.1.2.2. Siglo XX-XXI: de los contactos indirectos a los contactos directos. Proceso de la desmitificación .......................................................................................................................... 52 1.2 METODOLOGÍAS DEL COMPARATISMO .................................................... 67 1.2.1. Una mirada hacia la historia y los paradigmas del comparatismo ............................. 67 1.2.2. Adaptación de los criterios de Estudios literarios europeos para la Literatura china 79 1.2.3. Los estudios comparados Este (China)-Oeste ............................................................ 84 1.2.4. La Literatura Comparada entre la Literatura china y la Literatura española ............. 97 1.3. CONCEPTO DE LITERATURA NACIONAL: LITERATURA CHINA Y ESPAÑOLA .......................................................................................................................... 103 1.3.1. El concepto de Literatura ......................................................................................... 104 1.3.2. La lengua china—lengua primitiva, escritura logográfica / La lengua europea (indoeuropea)—alfabética ................................................................................................................ 111 1.3.3. Conceptos esenciales e introductorios para entender la literatura china .................. 114 1.4. DIVISIÓN DE LAS ÉPOCAS LITERARIAS ................................................. 121 1.5. LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LA LITERATURA CHINA EN ESPAÑA Y LA LITERATURA ESPAÑOLA EN CHINA ............................................................................ 137 1.5.1. La traducción de la Literatura china en España ....................................................... 138 1.5.2. La traducción de la Literatura española en China .................................................... 153 1.6. BREVES CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LOS GÉNEROS LITERARIOS EN LA LITERATURA CHINA FRENTE A LA LITERATURA OCCIDENTAL ................... 161 PARTE II. LA LITERATURA CHINA FRENTE A LA LITERATURA ESPAÑOLA EN EL SIGLO XX (1900-1940): UNA CONFLUENCIA DEL MODERNISMO ........................................................................................................... 181 2.1. DE OESTE A ESTE Y DE ESTE A OESTE: INTRODUCCIÓN AL MODERNISMO ................................................................................................................... 181 2.1.1. Breve introducción al Modernismo y su margen temporal ...................................... 187 2.1.1.1. El Modernismo literario chino ......................................................................... 189 2.1.1.2. El Modernismo literario español ...................................................................... 196 2.1.1.3. Recapitulación .................................................................................................. 205 2.1.2. Los cambios estéticos e ideológicos del Modernismo literario chino y español frente a la corriente tradicional ................................................................................................................... 215 2.1.2.1. Las estéticas ..................................................................................................... 221 a. La materia ............................................................................................................. 222 b. Espacio urbano: la modernidad ............................................................................ 227 c.“Disimulación textual” .......................................................................................... 238 d. Preocupación por el paisaje .................................................................................. 251 e. Técnica colorista ................................................................................................... 257 2.1.2.2. Ideas y temas .................................................................................................... 263 a. La imagen femenina ............................................................................................. 263 2.2. DE OESTE A ESTE Y DE ESTE A OESTE: INTRODUCCIÓN DEL ORIENTALISMO (LA CHINERÍA) AL MODERNISMO ................................................. 275 2.2.1. La recepción de la poesía china clásica ................................................................... 281 2.2.1.1. Judith Gautier y Le libre de Jade ...................................................................... 281 2.2.1.2. Otras traducciones de la poesía china clásica .................................................. 286 2.2.1.3. La preocupación sobre la naturaleza ................................................................ 294 2.2.1.4. Influencia mutua entre Este y Oeste ................................................................. 298 PARTE III: LA FAMILIA DE PASCUAL DUARTE DE CAMILO JOSÉ CELA Y ¡VIVIR!/活着 DE YU HUA: UN ANÁLISIS COMPARADO .................... 301 3.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................. 301 3.2. ANÁLISIS DEL DISCURSO NARRATIVO .................................................. 313 3.2.1. El planteamiento y la estructura ............................................................................... 314 3.2.2. La figura del narrador .............................................................................................. 322 3.2.3. El espacio ................................................................................................................. 326 3.2.4. El tiempo .................................................................................................................. 331 3.2.5. Los personajes principales ....................................................................................... 334 3.2.6. El lenguaje ............................................................................................................... 338 3.3. TEMAS ............................................................................................................. 343 3.3.1. La violencia .............................................................................................................. 344 3.3.2. La pobreza ................................................................................................................ 348 3.3.3. El destino ................................................................................................................. 350 3.3.4. La muerte
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