DOCSLIB.ORG

The Life and Mentorship of Confucius

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Life and Mentorship of Confucius SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 72 May, 1996 The Life and Mentorship of Confucius by E. Bruce Brooks Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Manuscripts should be double-spaced with wide margins and submitted in duplicate. A set of "Instructions for Authors" may be obtained by contacting the editor. Ideally, the final draft should be a neat, clear camera-ready copy with high black- and-white contrast. Sino-Platonic Papers is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Please note: When the editor goes on an expedition or research trip, all operations (including filling orders) may temporarily cease for up to two or three months at a time. In such circumstances, those who wish to purchase various issues of SPP are requested to wait patiently until he returns. If issues are urgently needed while the editor is away, they may be requested through Interlibrary Loan. N.B.: Beginning with issue no. 171, Sino-Platonic Papers has been published electronically on the Web. Issues from no. 1 to no. 170, however, will continue to be sold as paper copies until our stock runs out, after which they too will be made available on the Web at www.sino-platonic.org. _______________________________________________ The Life and Mentorship ofConfucius Sino-Platonic Papers 72 (May 1996) The Life and Mentorship of Confucius E Bruce Brooks University ofMassachusetts at Amherst It is obvious that the accooot ofConfucius in Shr Jl ~ ~c (SJ) 47 is in part mythological; the placement ofthe Confucius chapter in the series ofSJ ruler lineages rather than individuals suggests as much. It is less clear how one should proceed to work backward to a more credible account. So harmless a detail as the number ofhis disciples turns outto be surprisingly difficult to state. An official figure would seem to be given by the statues in the Temple ofConfucius, but this inventory too has its variant forms. Early text sources ~ive conflicting infonnation, with the numbers 70 and 72 both mentioned. This problem may be connected with the question of Confucius's age at his death, where again accounts vary, over the range 70, 72, and 73. A seasoned investigator may suspect that one of these categories (number of disciples, age at death) is emblematic forth'e other, but which for which? The number 72, which turns up in both problems, is numerologically attractive (for one thing, 23 x 32 = 8 x 9 = 72), suggesting that there may be a drift toward certain numbers. But 70 also has claims. It is in fact hard to find a number wholly without numerological interest, as witness the famous story - famous among mathematicians! - ofRamanujan and 1729. In this uncertain situation, how can we detect the direction ofan evolution from a possibly real number toward a probably symbolic number? The age of Confucius is in tum connected with the birthdate of Confucius, in which problem eclipses of the soo, both real and imaginary, seem to be involved. From a calendrological perspective, a possible connection with the five 72-day periods into which the Chinese solar year is divided (5 x 72 = 360) suggests itself. These multiple contacts with astral symbolism might well lead a rational investigator to abandon the problem altogether. There,is nevertheless a reason to continue. Ifanything definite about Confucius can after all be extracted from the meager evidence, it would add to our knowledge ofa major figure, and perhaps indicate the pressures that were brought to bear on the historical Confucius image to create from it the emblematic Confucius image ofHim and afterward. The present study will make this attempt, taking as a first focus the question ofthe disciples. In the course ofpursuing this goal, it will also become necessary to consider such matters as Confucius's ancestors, the number and longevity ofhis successors (beginning with Dz-sz T I~\)' and the evidential value ofsome ofthe text sources, notably the KilngdZ Jya-yW fLT~m. For the dates ofother texts, I will here assume the suggestions in Sino-Platonic Papers #46 (1994), some ofthem as refined in The Original Analects (for these and other citations, see the final list ofWorks Cited). I am grateful to my colleague A Taeko Brooks for her contribution to the long program ofjoint research on whose results I have freely drawn in the present study. For segmentation and dating ofthe Analects and other texts here cited, see Brooks Prospects and Brooks Original (short citations ofthese and other works, in the fonn Author Surname Title Keyword, are expanded in the list ofWorks Cited). These conclusions are the starting point for the present paper. Spellings ofChinese words are in the Common Alphabetic system (consonants as in English, vowels in Italian, plus re as in "cat,", vas in "cut," r as in "bird," z as in "adz," and yw (after n- or 1-, simply w) for the "umlaut u" vowel sound. This convention, which is compatible with the unproblematic one long in use for Japanese, and which is capable ofextension to other modern and premodern fonns ofChinese, is recommended herewith to the consideration ofboth scholars and teachers. Years BC are given with a zero prefix, as "0320," years AD simply as the number. This culturally neutral fonn is recommended, over the alternates BC and BCE (and their even more overt equivalents in French and other modem languages), in the interest ofa more inclusive international dialogue. 1 The Life and Mentorship ofConfucius Sino-Platonic Papers 72 (May 1996) 1: The Analects Disciples It will be useful to begin with the Analects, by general agreement the most authentic source for the historical Confucius. It contains no early, that is, no 05c, statement about the size ofthe group around Confucius. Waley (Analects 19) notes that "in the Analects some twenty people figure, who might possibly be regarded as disciples, in so far as they are represented as addressing questions to Confucius." From the Analects material as a whole, we should deduct those questioners who are rulers or members ofthe other great clans ofLu, since these may well reflect an aggrandizing tendency in the mYth ofConfucius's official importance in his lifetime. Ifin addition we limit ourselves to those portions ofthe Analects which, on the accretional view ofthe text here adopted, were composed within living memory ofConfucius, namely LY 4-6, we get a modest but suggestive initial count ofprobably genuine disciples: LY 4 (c0479). Assuming that the accretional account of this text is correct, the sixteen noninterpolated sayings in this chapter (LY 4:1-14, 16-17) are the only material which closely reflects the historical Confucius. It is noteworthy that in these possibly genuine sayings no disciples are named, and no contact between disciples is implied. The sayings are remarks such as might have been made, on separate occasions, to a single hearer, and the sayings themselves give no clue to the identity ofthat hearer or hearers. They thus do not collectively imply the existence ofa Confucian "school" in the sense ofan organized learning experience for more than one person. Such a "school" is implied in the early posthumous chapters LY 5-6, but it is doubtful ifwe are justified in assuming a similar organization during the lifetime ofConfucius. What the LY 4 sayings do imply is an intense concern for principled, even honorable, conduct both in and out ofoffice, not for virtue in any abstract sense, or with personal morality as such. The sayings might easiiy have been addressed by a senior mentor to a young aspirant to office, and some ofthem, notably the first group, 4:1-7, only make sense on such an assumption. On this evidence, we should substitute, at least for the LY 4 material, a mentor/protege picture for the master/disciple one with which readers typically approach the Analects. LY 5 (c0473). Here for the frrst time we find a group ofpersons engaged in conversation, and even rivalry, with each other.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Las Literaturas China Y Española Frente a Frente: Recepción, Influencias Y Perspectivas
    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura TESIS DOCTORAL Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Min Sun Directores Felipe González Alcázar Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid Ed. electrónica 2019 © Min Sun, 2019 Tesis doctoral Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas Min Sun Directores: Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Filología UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura TESIS DOCTORAL Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR MIN SUN Directores Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid, 2019 Facultad de Filología Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura Las literaturas china y española frente a frente: recepción, influencias y perspectivas TESIS DOCTORAL Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Estudios literarios Doctoranda: Min Sun Directores: Felipe González Alcázar y Consuelo Marco Martínez Madrid, 2019 A mis padres ÍNDICE Agradecimientos .................................................................................................... I RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL ................................................................................ III RESUMEN EN INGLÉS /DISSERTATION
    [Show full text]
  • Engineers' Moral Responsibility: a Confucian Perspective
    Science and Engineering Ethics https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00093-4 ORIGINAL RESEARCH/SCHOLARSHIP Engineers’ Moral Responsibility: A Confucian Perspective Shan Jing1,2 · Neelke Doorn2 Received: 13 April 2018 / Accepted: 31 January 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Moral responsibility is one of the core concepts in engineering ethics and conse- quently in most engineering ethics education. Yet, despite a growing awareness that engineers should be trained to become more sensitive to cultural diferences, most engineering ethics education is still based on Western approaches. In this article, we discuss the notion of responsibility in Confucianism and explore what a Confu- cian perspective could add to the existing engineering ethics literature. To do so, we analyse the Citicorp case, a widely discussed case in the existing engineering ethics literature, from a Confucian perspective. Our comparison suggests the fol- lowing. When compared to virtue ethics based on Aristotle, Confucianism focuses primarily on ethical virtues; there is no explicit reference to intellectual virtues. An important diference between Confucianism and most western approaches is that Confucianism does not defne clear boundaries of where a person’s responsibility end. It also suggests that the gap between Western and at least one Eastern approach, namely Confucianism, can be bridged. Although there are diferences, the Confu- cian view and a virtue-based Western view on moral responsibility have much in common, which allows for a promising base for culturally inclusive ethics education for engineers. Keywords Responsibility · Confucianism · Virtues · Inclusive education · Citicorp Building * Neelke Doorn [email protected] Shan Jing [email protected] 1 School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 2 Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Educational Thought of Confucius
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1980 The Educational Thought of Confucius Helena Wan Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Wan, Helena, "The Educational Thought of Confucius" (1980). Dissertations. 1875. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1980 Helena Wan THE EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT OF CONFUCIUS by Helena Wan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 1980 Helena Wan Loyola University of Chicago THE EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT OF CONFUCIUS The purpose of this study is to investigate the humanistic educational ideas of Confucius as they truly were, and to examine their role in the history of tradi- tional Chinese education. It is the contention of this study that the process of transformation from idea into practice has led to mutilation, adaptation or deliberate reinterpretation of the original set of ideas. The ex­ ample of the evolution of the humanistic educational ideas of Confucius into a system of education seems to support this contention. It is hoped that this study will help separate that which is genuinely Confucius' from that which tradition has attributed to him; and to understand how this has happened and what consequences have resulted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analects of Confucius
    The analecTs of confucius An Online Teaching Translation 2015 (Version 2.21) R. Eno © 2003, 2012, 2015 Robert Eno This online translation is made freely available for use in not for profit educational settings and for personal use. For other purposes, apart from fair use, copyright is not waived. Open access to this translation is provided, without charge, at http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23420 Also available as open access translations of the Four Books Mencius: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23421 Mencius: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23423 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23422 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23424 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i MAPS x BOOK I 1 BOOK II 5 BOOK III 9 BOOK IV 14 BOOK V 18 BOOK VI 24 BOOK VII 30 BOOK VIII 36 BOOK IX 40 BOOK X 46 BOOK XI 52 BOOK XII 59 BOOK XIII 66 BOOK XIV 73 BOOK XV 82 BOOK XVI 89 BOOK XVII 94 BOOK XVIII 100 BOOK XIX 104 BOOK XX 109 Appendix 1: Major Disciples 112 Appendix 2: Glossary 116 Appendix 3: Analysis of Book VIII 122 Appendix 4: Manuscript Evidence 131 About the title page The title page illustration reproduces a leaf from a medieval hand copy of the Analects, dated 890 CE, recovered from an archaeological dig at Dunhuang, in the Western desert regions of China. The manuscript has been determined to be a school boy’s hand copy, complete with errors, and it reproduces not only the text (which appears in large characters), but also an early commentary (small, double-column characters).
    [Show full text]
  • Chenyu Binnenwerk V2.Indd
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/47489 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Cheng, Chenyu Title: An incomplete inquiry : reading the filial piety stories through Lacan, or the other way around … Issue Date: 2017-04-06 An Incomplete Inquiry: Reading the Filial Piety Stories through Lacan, or the Other Way Around … © Copyright by Chenyu Cheng 2017 All Rights Reserved An Incomplete Inquiry: Reading the Filial Piety Stories through Lacan, or the Other Way Around … Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 6 april 2017 klokke 13.45 uur door Chenyu Cheng geboren te Beijing, China in 1976 Promotor: Prof. dr. Barend J. ter Haar Co-promotors: Dr. Isabel Hoving Dr. Yasco Horsman Promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. Ernst J. van Alphen Prof. dr. Meir Shahar (Tel Aviv University) Prof. dr. Daria Berg (University of St. Gallen) Contents Chapter 1 In Praise of Negativity: Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 I. Ideological Fantasy and Filial Piety ................................................................................... 4 II. Theory and Methodology ................................................................................................. 18 III. Post-Orientalism .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Min Sun
    Min Sun 1 CURRICULUM VITAE MIN SUN EDUCATION Ph.D. - Wayne State University, Michigan, 1987 EMPLOYMENT University of Alabama, Department of Mathematics, Tuscaloosa, AL, 2000-present, Professor University of Alabama, Dept of Mathematics, Tuscaloosa, AL, 1994-2000, Associate Professor University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa, AL 1989-1994, Assistant Professor University of Houston; Houston, TX 1987-1989, Assistant Professor Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 1987, Research Fellow Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 1985-1986, Graduate Teaching Assistant Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 1984-1985, Research Fellow Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 1982-1984, Graduate Teaching Assistant RESEARCH INTERESTS My primary research area was in the optimal control theory and applications (deterministic, stochastic, and numerical). However since 1989 I have been developing research interests in a much wider range of areas of applied mathematics and related fields, including linear and nonlinear programming, statistics, numerical mathematics, mathematical economics, power systems, artificial intelligence, groundwater modeling, and modeling and simulation for magnetic materials and information technology. SELECTED LECTURE/POSTER PRESENTATIONS AMS-SIAM Summer Seminar, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 1988. Second SIAM Conference on Linear Algebra in Signals, Systems & Controls, San Francisco, CA, November 1990. SIAM Conference on Mathematical and Computational Issues in the Geosciences, Houston, TX, 1993. Second International Conference on Groundwater Ecology, Atlanta, GA, March 1994. 1994 Spring Meeting of American Geophysical Union, Baltimore, MD, 1994. 14th IMACS World Congress on Computation and Applied Mathematics, Atlanta, GA., 1994. 1994 Groundwater Modeling Conference, Fort Collins, CO, 1994. Third SIAM Conference on Control and Its Applications, St. Louis, MO., 1995. 1995 Spring Meeting of American Geophysical Union, Baltimore, MD., 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Curcumin-Loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA Triblock Copolymeric Micelles
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 354 (2011) 116–123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Colloid and Interface Science www.elsevier.com/locate/jcis Curcumin-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymeric micelles: Preparation, pharmacokinetics and distribution in vivo ⇑ Zhimei Song a,b,1, Runliang Feng b,1, Min Sun a, Chenyu Guo a, Yan Gao a, Lingbing Li a, Guangxi Zhai a, a Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China b Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China article info abstract Article history: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of new copolymeric micelles to modify the pharmacoke- Received 4 August 2010 netics and tissue distribution of Curcumin (CUR), a hydrophobic drug. In the present study, a poly (D,L-lac- Accepted 11 October 2010 tide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) copolymer Available online 16 October 2010 was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography and FTIR analysis. The CUR-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles were prepared by dialysis method and the physicochemical param- Keywords: eters of the micelles such as zeta potential, size distribution and drug encapsulation were characterized. PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelle The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of CUR-loaded micelles in vivo were evaluated. The results Curcumin showed that the zeta potential of CUR-loaded micelles was about 0.71 mV and the average size was Pharmacokinetics À Biodistribution 26.29 nm. CUR was encapsulated into PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles with loading capacity of 6.4 ± 0.02% and entrapment efficiency of 70 ± 0.34%.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Did All the Filial Sons Go?
    CHAPTER 1 Where Did All the Filial Sons Go? In the year 73 BCE, the most powerful man in the Han empire, the General- in-Chief (da jiangjun 大將軍) Huo Guang 霍光 (d. 68 BCE), charged Liu He 劉賀 (ca. 92–59 BCE), the Imperial Heir Apparent, with ritual misconduct. The General called for Liu’s removal from power as the result of a scandal involving sex, alcohol, and a man ostensibly in mourning. In a memorial to the empress dowager, Huo enumerated the crimes of the eighteen-year-old Liu. While in mourning for his imperial predecessor, the young man indulged in such pastimes as visiting zoos and bringing entertainers into the palace, when music and dance were not only in poor taste, but also strictly forbid- den to mourners. He used public money for making gifts of concubines to his friends and imprisoned officials who tried to admonish him.1 Worse still, Liu ate meat, drank spirits, and engaged in sexual activity (all forbidden to mourners). In fact, while traveling to the capital, he ordered his subordinates to seize women on the road and load them into screened carriages. Upon his arrival in the capital, the debauchery continued, as Liu and his followers took liberties with women from the dead emperor’s harem. Acts such as these led Huo to conclude, not unreasonably, that the young man, though he wore the garments of deepest mourning, was “without sorrow or grief in his heart.”2 Such a lack of filial piety, Huo reminded the empress dowager, was the grav- est of crimes, and thus called for severe punishment and removal from power.3 Huo’s arguments met with imperial favor: not long afterwards, Liu’s riotous followers were executed, and he was duly removed as heir apparent and sent back to the provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Confucius Studies in China Today
    A Survey of Confucius Studies in China Today LI QIQIAN In late 1986 I wrote a paper with the same title,' summarizing the situation of Confucius studies between 1979 and 1986. In the past three years great changes have taken place so I have updated the information in order to provide an overall and systematic under- standing of the situation in the field. The General Situation With the progress of time, new trends and features have been appearing regularly in Confucius studies. The major points are as follows: Atmosphere of Mutual Respect A new atmosphere of mutual respect has emerged in the academic circles. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, a good situation of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" has arisen in the academic circles. In this process, however, some scholars were at odds with one another because of their different viewpoints thereby hindering normal research activities. When scholars realized how harmful this was, they all paid attention to strengthening solidarity. Some invited each other to attend the same conferences, some paid visits to each other, and some learned societies made clear their purpose and main theme from the very beginning of their foun- dation saying "We cherish academic freedom and equality, advocate the spirit of tolerance and appreciate such an attitude that Li Qiqian 'Although I do not agree with your viewpoints, I do firmly protect your right to express your opinions.' Learning and friendship are the only ties that join the members of the society."' Through all these efforts, scholars holding different viewpoints and coming from different learned societies could respect one another and listen to the other side's criticisms with an open mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Marriage and Migration
    Gender, marriage and migration : contemporary marriages between mainland China and Taiwan Lu, M.C.W. Citation Lu, M. C. W. (2008, May 15). Gender, marriage and migration : contemporary marriages between mainland China and Taiwan. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13001 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13001 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Gender, Marriage and Migration: Contemporary Marriages between Mainland China and Taiwan Melody Chia-Wen Lu For my grandmothers Luwu Yin and Wudong Shiu-ying, who passed away during the course of writing this thesis Copyright 2008 Melody Chia-Wen Lu Cover design: Ting-Yi Lu Gender, Marriage and Migration: Contemporary Marriages between Mainland China and Taiwan PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 15 mei 2008 klokke 13:45 uur door Melody Chia-Wen Lu geboren te Chuanghua, Taiwan in 1969 PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotoren: Prof. dr. Axel Schneider Prof. dr. Carla Risseeuw Referent: Prof. dr. Hill Gates (Stanford University) Overige leden: Prof. dr. Hei-yuan Chiu (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) Prof. dr. Barend ter Haar Prof. dr. Leo Lucassen Dr. Tak-wing Ngo Prof. dr. Joyce Outshoorn Prof. dr. Wim Stokhof The research described in this thesis was carried out at the Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Leiden University.
    [Show full text]
  • Life and Teachings of Confucius
    Life and Teachings of Confucius Confucius, the great Chinese sage, was born June 19th, 551 B.C. at Shang- ping, in the country of Lu. His own name was Kong, but his disciples called him Kong-fu-tse, (i.e. Kong the Master, or Teacher,) which the Jesuit missionaries Latinized into Confucius. His father died when Confucius was only three years of age, but he was very carefully brought up by his mother, Yan-she, and from his earliest years, displayed an extraordinary love of learning, and veneration for the ancient laws of his country. When only 19 Confucius married, but divorced his wife four years after marriage that he might have more lime for study and the performance of his public duties. The death of his mother, which occurred in his 23rd year, gave occasion to the first solemn and important act of Confucius as a moral reformer. He shut himself up in his house to pass in solitude the three years of mourning for his mother, the whole of which time he dedicated to philosophical study. We are told that he reflected deeply on the eternal laws of morality, traced them to their source, imbued his mind with a sense of the duties they impose indiscriminately on all men, and determined to make them the immutable rule of all his actions. Henceforth his career is only an illustration of his ethical system. He commenced to instruct his countrymen in the precepts of morality, exhibiting in his own person all the virtues he inculcated in others. Gradually his disciples increased, as the practical character of his philosophy became more apparent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of Confucian Philosophy to Modern Concepts of Leadership and Followership Sujeeta Dhakhwa University of North Florida
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UNF Digital Commons University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons All Volumes (2001-2008) The sprO ey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry 2008 The Relevance of Confucian Philosophy to Modern Concepts of Leadership and Followership Sujeeta Dhakhwa University of North Florida Stacey Enriquez University of North Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ojii_volumes Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Suggested Citation Dhakhwa, Sujeeta and Enriquez, Stacey, "The Relevance of Confucian Philosophy to Modern Concepts of Leadership and Followership" (2008). All Volumes (2001-2008). 5. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ojii_volumes/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the The sprO ey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Volumes (2001-2008) by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2008 All Rights Reserved The Relevance of Confucian Philosophy to Modern Concepts of Leadership and Followership Sujeeta Dhakhwa and Stacey Enriquez Faculty Sponsor: William Ahrens Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss Confucian philosophy and compare its relevance to modern concepts of leadership and followership. It will demonstrate that both exemplify the same ideology, though separated by centuries of history. The paper first introduces the reader to the history of Chinese government and the life of Confucius as a teacher. Then it will expand on the importance of understanding his philosophy on leadership and followership as well as its impact on China’s political and cultural development.
    [Show full text]