Gender, Marriage and Migration

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Gender, Marriage and Migration Gender, marriage and migration : contemporary marriages between mainland China and Taiwan Lu, M.C.W. Citation Lu, M. C. W. (2008, May 15). Gender, marriage and migration : contemporary marriages between mainland China and Taiwan. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13001 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13001 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Gender, Marriage and Migration: Contemporary Marriages between Mainland China and Taiwan Melody Chia-Wen Lu For my grandmothers Luwu Yin and Wudong Shiu-ying, who passed away during the course of writing this thesis Copyright 2008 Melody Chia-Wen Lu Cover design: Ting-Yi Lu Gender, Marriage and Migration: Contemporary Marriages between Mainland China and Taiwan PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 15 mei 2008 klokke 13:45 uur door Melody Chia-Wen Lu geboren te Chuanghua, Taiwan in 1969 PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotoren: Prof. dr. Axel Schneider Prof. dr. Carla Risseeuw Referent: Prof. dr. Hill Gates (Stanford University) Overige leden: Prof. dr. Hei-yuan Chiu (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) Prof. dr. Barend ter Haar Prof. dr. Leo Lucassen Dr. Tak-wing Ngo Prof. dr. Joyce Outshoorn Prof. dr. Wim Stokhof The research described in this thesis was carried out at the Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Leiden University. The last writing phase was conducted at the International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS), the Netherlands. Acknowledgements Many individuals and organisations assisted and accompanied me in the journey of conducting this research and completing the thesis, to whom I am greatly indebted. First of all, I would like to thank all my informants, most of whose real names I cannot disclose here, for their trust in me and confiding me their life stories at the risk of moral judgment. Their bravery and creative ways of facing challenges taught me lessons about the insecurity and friendship at the margins of Taiwanese and Chinese society. Special thanks to Feng, Lin, Hu, Liu and Ama, who took me in as part of their families during my fieldwork in Hukou and Baihe in Taiwan and Humei village in China. I would also like to thank Association of Cross-strait Marriages (FATS, 兩岸婚姻協調 促進會) and its former chairman Mr. Huang Jiang-nan and several board members who facilitated my research by providing valuable documentations and allowing me to participate in their activities; Mr. Chang Fu-pu, Secretary-General of Hukou township and head of a Hakka clan, for his knowledge and insights on Hakka families today and his help in acquiring demographic data in Hukou; the Baihe Household Registration Office for providing me detailed registration data and for allowing me to observe the local process of conducting a census on cross-border families; the Taiwan Fund for Children and Families (CCF-Taiwan) who facilitated my entry to the field site in Hsinchu. Secondly, I would like to thank my colleagues at Research Centre of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS) in Leiden University: Dr. Sabine Luning, Alex Geurds, Umut Azak, Lorena Lúñez, Victor Igreja, Chen Yi-chi, Panitee Suksomboon and many others, who give me intellectual inputs and moral support; and Dr. Willem Vogelsang, Ilona Beumer-Grill and Wilma Trommelen for their administrative support and kindness. The later stage of my dissertation-writing was conducted at the International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS). I would like to thank the former director of IIAS, Prof. dr. Wim Stokhof and the current director Prof. dr. Max Sparreboom for giving an opportunity and space to a young scholar like me to develop my potentials and to build a scholarly network. I am grateful to Dr. Manon Osseweijer for her constant encouragement and stimulating insights as well as support and friendship from administrative staff and fellows at IIAS. In the course of doing this research I had the pleasure to meet many scholars working on marriage migration in Asia who have encouraged me and helped me developing and clarifying ideas. My gratitude is extended to (in alphabetic order) Prof. Antonia Chao (Tung Hai University, Taiwan), Prof. Delia Davin (University of Leeds, UK), Prof. Han Jialing (Beijing Academy of Social Science, PRC), Prof. Ko Chong- fang (Academia Sinica, Taiwan), Dr. Lan Pei-chia (National Taiwan University, Taiwan), Prof. Lee Hye-Kyung (Paichai University, South Korea), Prof. Rajni Palriwala (University of Delhi, India), Prof. Tseng Yen-fen (National Taiwan University, Taiwan), Prof. Patricia Uberoi (University Enclave, India), Prof. Wang Hong-zen (National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan) and Prof. Yang Wen-shan (Academia Sinica, Taiwan). When I first conceptualised this research, several former teachers of mine at the Institute of Social Studies (ISS), the Hague, helped greatly by providing intellectual food to sharpen my focus as well as actual food for my survival and nurture so that I could make the Netherlands my home. I would like to thank Dr. Peter Waterman, Gina Vargas, Dr. Thang-Dam Truong, Dr. Amrita Chhachhi and their family members for their continuous support and friendship. Last but not the least, my deepest gratitude is to the persons who took care of me physically and emotionally in the course of writing. Other than the domestic labour, my partner André van Dokkum read and critically reviewed my drafts, corrected my English and translated the summary in Dutch. His presence in some parts of my fieldwork played a role in shaping my relationship with my informants and influcing the way I acquire my data. My sisters Julia Lu and Joy Lu shared the burden of domestic chores and helped collecting parts of data and organising my bibliography. My cousin Lu Ting-yi designed the cover. My cat Kiki sat with me during those long nights. Finally, to my mother who always gave me freedom and support to pursue my life goals without understanding what I was doing. Her courage and wisdom remain an inspiration for me. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements List of tables, diagram, maps and charts Pictures Introduction 1 Objective of the research and research questions 4 Contribution and limit of the research 10 Brief description of three fieldwork sites 13 Research methodology 20 Chapter 1 Changing of marriage regimes and gender relations in Chinese society 25 1.1. Conceptualising Chinese kinship 26 1.1.1 Family and kinship (jia) 26 1.1.2 Fang and fenjia 28 1.1.3 Power and pollution of women in Chinese kinship 30 1.1.4 Sketches of traditional ideals and practices or Chinese marriage 33 1.2. Marriage regimes and gender relations in contemporary China 36 1.2.1 Radical redefinition of the marriage regime in Maoist era 36 1.2.2 Marriage regimes in the era of reform 40 1.2.3 Demographic features and gender roles in economic reform era 43 1.2.4 Perceptions towards international marriages 46 1.3 Marriage regimes and gender relations in Taiwan 48 1.3.1 Traditional ideals and Japanese period: similarity and difference among ethnic groups 48 1.3.2 Post WWII development 52 1.3.3 Demographic change and gender roles 54 1.4. Matchmaking and mate choice in contemporary China and Taiwan 57 1.4.1 Criteria of mate choice 57 1.4.2 Matchmaking principles and matchmaker 61 1.4.3 Marriage transaction 63 1.4.4 Marital decision: fate and/or agency? 65 1.5 New framework of Chinese relatedness 67 Chapter 2 Migration in contemporary China 71 2.1 Literature review of marriage migration 71 2.1.1 Working definition and clarification of terminology 72 2.1.2 Situating marriage migration theory in the development of migration theories 74 2.2 Internal and international marriage migration in China 79 2.2.1 Development of the policy controlling population movement: Hukou system 79 2.2.2 Trends of women’s internal migration 82 2.2.3 Rural young girls in the city and their life choices 84 2.3 Demographic features of cross-border and cross-straits marriages in Taiwan 86 2.3.1 Some note on statistical data and methodology 86 2.3.2 Numbers and sex ratio of cross-border marriages – an historical overview 88 2.3.3 Age and age gap 92 2.3.4 Socio-economic status: education and occupation 93 2.3.5 Previous marital experience and co-habiting kin 95 2.3.6 Means of introduction 97 2.3.7 Ethnic composition and place of origin 97 2.3.8 Discussion: the links and differences between domestic labour, sex work and women’s marriage migration 99 2.4. Motivation of cross-border marriage 101 2.4.1 Why marriage and/or remarriage? 101 2.4.2 Why leaving home? Dissatisfaction and constraints experienced at home 104 2.4.3 Why going to Taiwan? Aspirations towards migratory destination 106 2.5 Concluding remark: why cross-border marriages? Significance of meso-factors 107 Chapter 3 Popular discourse and politics of cross-strait marriages in Taiwan 111 3.1. Introduction 111 3.1.1 Working definitions of key concepts: nationalism, citizenship and social exclusion 113 3.1.2 Chinese nationalism and ethnic relations in Taiwan 117 3.1.3 Taiwanese nationalism 121 3.2. Pre-1992 period: forbidden contact, illegal contacts and legalization 125 3.2.1 Political context: standoff – relaxation 125 3.2.2 Media representation on cross-strait people’s movement 1987-1991 128 3.3. 1992-1996: from resistance to acceptance.
Recommended publications
  • The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2021.9.1.31-64 31 The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History Sabrina ARDIZZONI* Abstract Hakka studies rely strongly on history and historiography. However, despite the fact that in rural Hakka communities women play a central role, in the main historical sources women are almost absent. They do not appear in genealogy books, if not for their being mothers or wives, although they do appear in some legends, as founders of villages or heroines who distinguished themselves in defending the villages in the absence of men. They appear in modern Hakka historiography—Hakka historiography is a very recent discipline, beginning at the end of the 19th century—for their moral value, not only for adhering to Confucian traditional values, but also for their endorsement of specifically Hakka cultural values. In this paper we will analyse the cultural paradigm that allows women to become part of Hakka history. We will show how ethical values are reflected in Hakka historiography through the reading of the earliest Hakka historians as they depict- ed Hakka women. Grounded on these sources, we will see how the narration of women in Hakka history has developed until the present day. In doing so, it is necessary to deal with some relevant historical features in the construc- tion of Hakka group awareness, namely migration, education, and women narratives, as a pivotal foundation of Hakka collective social and individual consciousness. Keywords: Hakka studies, Hakka woman, women practices, West Fujian Paradigma žensk Hakka v zgodovini Izvleček Študije skupnosti Hakka se močno opirajo na zgodovino in zgodovinopisje.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analects of Confucius
    The analecTs of confucius An Online Teaching Translation 2015 (Version 2.21) R. Eno © 2003, 2012, 2015 Robert Eno This online translation is made freely available for use in not for profit educational settings and for personal use. For other purposes, apart from fair use, copyright is not waived. Open access to this translation is provided, without charge, at http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23420 Also available as open access translations of the Four Books Mencius: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23421 Mencius: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23423 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23422 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23424 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i MAPS x BOOK I 1 BOOK II 5 BOOK III 9 BOOK IV 14 BOOK V 18 BOOK VI 24 BOOK VII 30 BOOK VIII 36 BOOK IX 40 BOOK X 46 BOOK XI 52 BOOK XII 59 BOOK XIII 66 BOOK XIV 73 BOOK XV 82 BOOK XVI 89 BOOK XVII 94 BOOK XVIII 100 BOOK XIX 104 BOOK XX 109 Appendix 1: Major Disciples 112 Appendix 2: Glossary 116 Appendix 3: Analysis of Book VIII 122 Appendix 4: Manuscript Evidence 131 About the title page The title page illustration reproduces a leaf from a medieval hand copy of the Analects, dated 890 CE, recovered from an archaeological dig at Dunhuang, in the Western desert regions of China. The manuscript has been determined to be a school boy’s hand copy, complete with errors, and it reproduces not only the text (which appears in large characters), but also an early commentary (small, double-column characters).
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan Language-In-Education Policy: Social, Cultural, and Practical Implications
    Arizona Working Papers in SLA & Teaching, 20, 76- 95 (2013) TAIWAN LANGUAGE-IN-EDUCATION POLICY: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Elizabeth Hubbs University of Arizona In recent years, Taiwan language-in-education policy has greatly transformed and become the subject of much research (Oladejo, 2006; Sandel, 2003; Tsao, 1999). Previously, monolingual policies under Japan and the Kuomintang1 demonstrated that language was a symbolic tool to build nationalism and create social hegemony (Bourdieu, 1991). After these policies faded out in the early 1990s, Taiwan began to incorporate multilingual education, promoting internationalization through English as a foreign language and Taiwanisation through the introduction of local and indigenous languages in schools (Beaser, 2006; Sandel, 2003). The paper examines the launching of these two movements in education by discussing their development through history, current policy implementation, and the linguistic orientations of the surrounding communities. Rather than draw conclusions, the study ends by asking how indigenous scholarship and knowledge can be further integrated and validated in Taiwan’s education system, and how critical perspectives can be used to understand language policy and indigenous education in an increasingly globalized world. INTRODUCTION The field of language planning and policy (LPP) in Taiwan has received significant attention over the past twenty-five years (Sandel, 2003). During this time frame, Taiwan has shifted from a country that promoted a monolingual national language policy, to one that seeks to develop societal multilingualism and internationalization. This shift has sparked an increasing interest for researchers to document and characterize the changes, development, and implementation of current LPP in Taiwan (Sandel, 2003; Wu, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Confucius Studies in China Today
    A Survey of Confucius Studies in China Today LI QIQIAN In late 1986 I wrote a paper with the same title,' summarizing the situation of Confucius studies between 1979 and 1986. In the past three years great changes have taken place so I have updated the information in order to provide an overall and systematic under- standing of the situation in the field. The General Situation With the progress of time, new trends and features have been appearing regularly in Confucius studies. The major points are as follows: Atmosphere of Mutual Respect A new atmosphere of mutual respect has emerged in the academic circles. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, a good situation of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" has arisen in the academic circles. In this process, however, some scholars were at odds with one another because of their different viewpoints thereby hindering normal research activities. When scholars realized how harmful this was, they all paid attention to strengthening solidarity. Some invited each other to attend the same conferences, some paid visits to each other, and some learned societies made clear their purpose and main theme from the very beginning of their foun- dation saying "We cherish academic freedom and equality, advocate the spirit of tolerance and appreciate such an attitude that Li Qiqian 'Although I do not agree with your viewpoints, I do firmly protect your right to express your opinions.' Learning and friendship are the only ties that join the members of the society."' Through all these efforts, scholars holding different viewpoints and coming from different learned societies could respect one another and listen to the other side's criticisms with an open mind.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity
    Forthcoming in the Journal of Chinese Overseas Understanding Intraethnic Diversity: The Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity Bing Wang and Min Zhou University of California, Los Angeles Bing Wang received his M.A. in Asian American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is currently teaching English in Taiwan. Email: [email protected] Min Zhou, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology and Asian American Studies, Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair in US-China Relations and Communications, and Director of Asia Pacific Center at the University of California, Los Angeles. Direct all correspondence to: [email protected] Acknowledgments The authors thank Valerie Matsumoto and Jinqi Ling for their helpful comments in the earlier version of the paper. This research is partially supported by the Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair in US-China Relations and Communications. Abstract: This paper fills a scholarly gap in the understanding of the intraethnic diversity via a case study of the formation of a Taiwanese American identity. Drawing on a review of the existing scholarly literature and data from systematic field observations, as well as secondary data including content analysis of ethnic organizations’ mission statements and activity reports, we explore how internal and external processes intersect to drive the construction of a distinct Taiwanese American identity. The study focuses on addressing three interrelated questions: (1) How does Taiwanese immigration to the United States affect diasporic development? (2) What contributes to the formation of a Taiwanese American identity? (3) In what specific ways is the Taiwanese American identity sustained and promoted? We conceive of ethnic formation as an ethnopolitical process.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MEDIA's INFLUENCE on SUCCESS and FAILURE of DIALECTS: the CASE of CANTONESE and SHAAN'xi DIALECTS Yuhan Mao a Thesis Su
    THE MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF DIALECTS: THE CASE OF CANTONESE AND SHAAN’XI DIALECTS Yuhan Mao A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Language and Communication) School of Language and Communication National Institute of Development Administration 2013 ABSTRACT Title of Thesis The Media’s Influence on Success and Failure of Dialects: The Case of Cantonese and Shaan’xi Dialects Author Miss Yuhan Mao Degree Master of Arts in Language and Communication Year 2013 In this thesis the researcher addresses an important set of issues - how language maintenance (LM) between dominant and vernacular varieties of speech (also known as dialects) - are conditioned by increasingly globalized mass media industries. In particular, how the television and film industries (as an outgrowth of the mass media) related to social dialectology help maintain and promote one regional variety of speech over others is examined. These issues and data addressed in the current study have the potential to make a contribution to the current understanding of social dialectology literature - a sub-branch of sociolinguistics - particularly with respect to LM literature. The researcher adopts a multi-method approach (literature review, interviews and observations) to collect and analyze data. The researcher found support to confirm two positive correlations: the correlative relationship between the number of productions of dialectal television series (and films) and the distribution of the dialect in question, as well as the number of dialectal speakers and the maintenance of the dialect under investigation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express sincere thanks to my advisors and all the people who gave me invaluable suggestions and help.
    [Show full text]
  • Color Polysemy: Black and White in Taiwanese Languages
    Taiwan Journal of Linguistics Vol. 16.1, 95-130, 2018 DOI: 10.6519/TJL.2018.16(1).4 COLOR POLYSEMY: BLACK AND WHITE IN TAIWANESE LANGUAGES Huei-ling Lai, Siaw-Fong Chung National Chengchi University ABSTRACT This study profiles the polysemous nature of black and white expressions in Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka, and Taiwanese Southern Min. The literal meanings for both black and white are the most dominant whereby black and white serve attributive functions modifying their collocating head nouns. The opaqueness of the meaning of the expression correlates with the degree of lexicalization. Some usages are compositional with the combinations metonymically projecting to the whole expressions. Some usages are metaphorically extended, leading to versatile nuances in meaning. These extensions give rise to different connotations and inter-cultural and intra-cultural variations. In addition, the analysis reveals that Taiwanese Mandarin has developed the most prolific usages of black and white expressions, followed by Taiwanese Southern Min, and Taiwanese Hakka. Key words: Color Polysemy, Lexicalization, Metaphor, Metonymy A previous version of this study was presented at PACLIC 26. The authors thank Shu-chen Lu for providing the raw data and the preliminary categorization. The analysis and discussion have undergone extensive revisions contingent upon the methodology and framework based on three MOST projects (MOST 102-2410-H-004-058-MY3; 104-2420-H-004-003-MY2; 104-2420-H-004-034-MY2). The authors are very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers of TJL for their constructive suggestions and comments. We are solely responsible for any possible errors that remain. 95 Huei-ling Lai, Siaw-Fong Chung 1.
    [Show full text]
  • David Li-Wei Chen Handbook of Taiwanese Romanization
    DAVID LI-WEI CHEN HANDBOOK OF TAIWANESE ROMANIZATION DAVID LI-WEI CHEN CONTENTS PREFACE v HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 1 TAIWANESE PHONICS AND PEHOEJI 5 白話字(POJ) ROMANIZATION TAIWANESE TONES AND TONE SANDHI 23 SOME RULES FOR TAIWANESE ROMANIZATION 43 VERNACULAR 白 AND LITERARY 文 FORMS 53 FOR SAME CHINESE CHARACTERS CHIANG-CH旧漳州 AND CHOAN-CH旧泉州 63 DIALECTS WORDS DERIVED FROM TAIWANESE 65 AND HOKKIEN WORDS BORROWED FROM OTHER 69 LANGUAGES TAILO 台羅 ROMANIZATION 73 BODMAN ROMANIZATION 75 DAIGHI TONGIONG PINGIM 85 台語通用拼音ROMANIZATION TONGIONG TAIWANESE DICTIONARY 91 通用台語字典ROMANIZATION COMPARATIVE TABLES OF TAIWANESE 97 ROMANIZATION AND TAIWANESE PHONETIC SYMBOLS (TPS) CONTENTS • P(^i-5e-jT 白話字(POJ) 99 • Tai-uan Lo-ma-jT Phing-im Hong-an 115 台灣羅馬字拼音方案(Tailo) • Bodman Romanization 131 • Daighi Tongiong PTngim 147 台語通用拼音(DT) • Tongiong Taiwanese Dictionary 163 通用台語字典 TAIWANESE COMPUTING IN POJ AND TAILO 179 • Chinese Character Input and Keyboards 183 • TaigIME臺語輸入法設定 185 • FHL Taigi-Hakka IME 189 信聖愛台語客語輸入法3.1.0版 • 羅漢跤Lohankha台語輸入法 193 • Exercise A. Practice Typing a Self­ 195 Introduction in 白話字 P^h-Oe-jT Romanization. • Exercise B. Practice Typing a Self­ 203 Introduction in 台羅 Tai-l6 Romanization. MENGDIAN 萌典 ONLINE DICTIONARY AND 211 THESAURUS BIBLIOGRAPHY PREFACE There are those who believe that Taiwanese and related Hokkien dialects are just spoken and not written, and can only be passed down orally from one generation to the next. Historically, this was the case with most Non-Mandarin Chinese languages. Grammatical literacy in Chinese characters was primarily through Classical Chinese until the early 1900's. Romanization in Hokkien began in the early 1600's with the work of Spanish and later English missionaries with Hokkien-speaking Chinese communities in the Philippines and Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Rendering the Regional
    Rendering the Regional Rendering the Regional LOCAL LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINESE MEDIA Edward M.Gunn University of Hawai`i Press Honolulu Publication of this book was aided by the Hull Memorial Publication Fund of Cornell University. ( 2006 University of Hawai`i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 111009080706654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gunn, Edward M. Rendering the regional : local language in contemporary Chinese media / Edward M. Gunn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8248-2883-6 (alk. paper) 1. Language and cultureÐChina. 2. Language and cultureÐTaiwan. 3. Popular cultureÐChina. 4. Popular cultureÐTaiwan. I. Title. P35.5.C6G86 2005 306.4400951Ðdc22 2005004866 University of Hawai`i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Designed by University of Hawai`i Press Production Staff Printed by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Contents List of Maps and Illustrations /vi Acknowledgments / vii A Note on Romanizations /ix Introduction / 1 1 (Im)pure Culture in Hong Kong / 17 2 Polyglot Pluralism and Taiwan / 60 3 Guilty Pleasures on the Mainland Stage and in Broadcast Media / 108 4 Inadequacies Explored: Fiction and Film in Mainland China / 157 Conclusion: The Rhetoric of Local Languages / 204 Notes / 211 Sources Cited / 231 Index / 251 ±v± List of Maps and Illustrations Figure 1. Map showing distribution of Sinitic (Han) Languages / 2 Figure 2. Map of locations cited in the text / 6 Figure 3. The Hong Kong ®lm Cageman /42 Figure 4. Illustrated romance and pornography in Hong Kong / 46 Figure 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 175Th University of Notre Dame Commencement Program
    Notre Dame Law School NDLScholarship Commencement Programs Law School History 5-16-2020 175th University of Notre Dame Commencement Program University of Notre Dame Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/commencement_programs Part of the Law Commons 17 5 th may 16 - 17, 2020 UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME COMMENCEMENT 1 DOCTORAL DEGREES COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS *Elizabeth Eva Clemmons, Hyattsville, Maryland Ebenezer Akesseh, Ajumako Besease, Ghana Major Subject: Theology Major Subject: Theology Dissertation: Social Elements and the Meaning of the Dissertation: Relevance of the Virtue of Justice to Nuptial Union in the Song of Songs Contemporary Discussions of Corruption Director: Dr. Gary A. Anderson Director: Dr. Jean Porter *Katherine Ruth Comeau, South Bend, Indiana **Xia Elizabeth Allen, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Major Subject: Sociology Major Subject: Psychology, Research and Experimental Dissertation: The “Hinge” in Humanitarian Dissertation: Exploring Language and Interpersonal Development: How Groups Affect the Work of NGOs Dysfunction in Psychoticism in Cross-Cultural Settings Director: Dr. Lee Anna Clark Director: Dr. Lynette P. Spillman **Cary Adam Balser, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina John Joseph Conlan, Kildare, Ireland Major Subject: Economics Major Subject: English Dissertation: Essays on Maternity Leave Policy Dissertation: Altered States: Biopolitics and Precarious and Educational Experiments Life in Flann O’Brien and James Joyce Directors: Dr. Kasey S. Buckles and Dr. Abigail Wozniak Director: Dr. Declan Kiberd **Brian Randall Barrett, Athens, Texas Daniel Matías Contreras Ríos, Santiago, Chile Major Subject: Theology Major Subject: Medieval Studies Dissertation: The Clothing of Divinity: The Unity Dissertation: Primum cognitum: Bonaventure and of Letter and Spirit in Origen’s Exegesis Aquinas on the Foundations of Knowledge Director: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hundred Surnames: a Pinyin Index
    names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 3 The hundred surnames: a Pinyin index Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Ai Ai Ai Zidong Cong Ts’ung Zong Cong Zhen Ai Ai Ai Songgu Cui Ts’ui Cui Jian, Cui Yanhui An An An Lushan Da Ta Da Zhongguang Ao Ao Ao Taosun, Ao Jigong Dai Tai Dai De, Dai Zhen Ba Pa Ba Su Dang Tang Dang Jin, Dang Huaiying Bai Pai Bai Juyi, Bai Yunqian Deng Teng Tang, Deng Xiaoping, Bai Pai Bai Qian, Bai Ziting Thien Deng Shiru Baili Paili Baili Song Di Ti Di Xi Ban Pan Ban Gu, Ban Chao Diao Tiao Diao Baoming, Bao Pao Bao Zheng, Bao Shichen Diao Daigao Bao Pao Bao Jingyan, Bao Zhao Ding Ting Ding Yunpeng, Ding Qian Bao Pao Bao Xian Diwu Tiwu Diwu Tai, Diwu Juren Bei Pei Bei Yiyuan, Bei Qiong Dong Tung Dong Lianghui Ben Pen Ben Sheng Dong Tung Dong Zhongshu, Bi Pi Bi Sheng, Bi Ruan, Bi Zhu Dong Jianhua Bian Pien Bian Hua, Bian Wenyu Dongfang Tungfang Dongfang Shuo Bian Pien Bian Gong Dongguo Tungkuo Dongguo Yannian Bie Pieh Bie Zhijie Dongmen Tungmen Dongmen Guifu Bing Ping Bing Yu, Bing Yuan Dou Tou Dou Tao Bo Po Bo Lin Dou Tou Dou Wei, Dou Mo, Bo Po Bo Yu, Bo Shaozhi Dou Xian Bu Pu Bu Tianzhang, Bu Shang Du Tu Du Shi, Du Fu, Du Mu Bu Pu Bu Liang Du Tu Du Yu Cai Ts’ai Chai, Cai Lun, Cai Wenji, Cai Ze Du Tu Du Xia Chua, Du Tu Du Qiong Choy Duan Tuan Duan Yucai Cang Ts’ang Cang Xie Duangan Tuankan Duangan Tong Cao Ts’ao Tso, Tow Cao Cao, Cao Xueqin, Duanmu Tuanmu Duanmu Guohu Cao Kun E O E
    [Show full text]
  • Essays in Honor of John Defrancis on His Eightieth Birthday
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 27 August 3 1, 1991 $35.00 Schriftfestschrift: Essays on Writing and Language in Honor of John DeFrancis on His Eightieth Birthday edited by Victor H. Mair Order froni: Department of Oriental Studies University of Pennsylvania Phdadelphia, PA 19 104-6305 USA SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.
    [Show full text]