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names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 3 The hundred surnames: a Pinyin index Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Ai Ai Ai Zidong Cong Ts’ung Zong Cong Zhen Ai Ai Ai Songgu Cui Ts’ui Cui Jian, Cui Yanhui An An An Lushan Da Ta Da Zhongguang Ao Ao Ao Taosun, Ao Jigong Dai Tai Dai De, Dai Zhen Ba Pa Ba Su Dang Tang Dang Jin, Dang Huaiying Bai Pai Bai Juyi, Bai Yunqian Deng Teng Tang, Deng Xiaoping, Bai Pai Bai Qian, Bai Ziting Thien Deng Shiru Baili Paili Baili Song Di Ti Di Xi Ban Pan Ban Gu, Ban Chao Diao Tiao Diao Baoming, Bao Pao Bao Zheng, Bao Shichen Diao Daigao Bao Pao Bao Jingyan, Bao Zhao Ding Ting Ding Yunpeng, Ding Qian Bao Pao Bao Xian Diwu Tiwu Diwu Tai, Diwu Juren Bei Pei Bei Yiyuan, Bei Qiong Dong Tung Dong Lianghui Ben Pen Ben Sheng Dong Tung Dong Zhongshu, Bi Pi Bi Sheng, Bi Ruan, Bi Zhu Dong Jianhua Bian Pien Bian Hua, Bian Wenyu Dongfang Tungfang Dongfang Shuo Bian Pien Bian Gong Dongguo Tungkuo Dongguo Yannian Bie Pieh Bie Zhijie Dongmen Tungmen Dongmen Guifu Bing Ping Bing Yu, Bing Yuan Dou Tou Dou Tao Bo Po Bo Lin Dou Tou Dou Wei, Dou Mo, Bo Po Bo Yu, Bo Shaozhi Dou Xian Bu Pu Bu Tianzhang, Bu Shang Du Tu Du Shi, Du Fu, Du Mu Bu Pu Bu Liang Du Tu Du Yu Cai Ts’ai Chai, Cai Lun, Cai Wenji, Cai Ze Du Tu Du Xia Chua, Du Tu Du Qiong Choy Duan Tuan Duan Yucai Cang Ts’ang Cang Xie Duangan Tuankan Duangan Tong Cao Ts’ao Tso, Tow Cao Cao, Cao Xueqin, Duanmu Tuanmu Duanmu Guohu Cao Kun E O E Mida Cen Ts’en Sam, Cen Can Fa Fa Fa Weitang, Fa Ruozhen Tsen, Fan Fan Fan Zeng, Fan Hua, Sum Fan Zhongyan Chai Ch’ai Chai Shaobing, Chai Qin Fan Fan Fan Zeng, Fan Zhongyan Chang Ch’ang Chang Yizhi Fang Fang Fong Fang Xiaoru, Fang Lizhi Chang Ch’ang Chang Zhimei Fang Fang Fang Jingxian Chanyu Ch’anyü Chanyu Anguo Fei Fei Fei Boxiong, Fei Xiaotong Chao Ch’ao Chao Xian, Chao Chong Feng Feng Feng Yueren Chao Ch’ao Chao Yuanfang, Chao Jun Feng Feng Feng Gang Che Ch’e Che Daozheng, Feng Feng Fung, Feng Menglong, Che Ruoshui Foong Feng Zicai Chen Ch’en Chan, Chen Sheng, Chen Shou, Feng Feng Feng Xun, Feng Lun Chin Chen Lin Feng Feng Feng Shu, Feng Qushe Cheng Ch’eng Cheng Gongsui Fu Fu Fu Sheng, Fu Shi Cheng Ch’eng Cheng Miao, Fu Fu Fu Kejian Cheng Weiyuan Fu Fu Foo, Pu Fu Zeng Chi Ch’ih Chi Bin Fu Fu Fu Jiamo Chong Ch’ung Chong Shen Fu Fu Fu Yi, Fu Xuan, Fu Shan Chu Ch’u Chu Guangyi, Chu Xin Fu Fu Fu Kangan Chu Ch’u Chu Shaosun, Chu Suiliang Gan Kan Gan Gui Chu Ch’u Chu Zhilan Gan Kan Gan De, Gan Ying Chunyu Ch’unyü Chunyu Yue Gao Kao Gao Zhizhang Centrepiece to The Indexer Vol. 25 No. 2 October 2006 C3 names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 4 The hundred surnames Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Gao Kao Gao E, Gao Shi Hua Hua Hua Tuo, Hua Guofeng Ge Ko Ge Xian, Ge Tao, Ge Zai Hua Hua Hua Mulan, Hua Runsheng Ge Ko Ge Wenda, Ge Lin Hua Hua Hua Huan, Hua Shou Ge Ko Ge Hong, Ge Xuan Huai Huai Huai Su Geng Keng Geng Jie, Geng Changyan Huan Huan Huan Ji Gong Kung Gong Lin Huan Huan Huan Kuan Gong Kung Gong Shamu Huang Huang Wong, Huang Tingjian, Gong Kung Gong Zhen, Gong Li Hwang Huang Daopo Gong Kung Gong Shidao Huangfu Huangfu Huangfu Song Gong Kung Gong Zhiqi, Gong Hongli Hui Hui Hui Shi, Hui Zhouti Gong Kung Gong Zizhen Huo Huo Huo Yongqing, Huo Yuan Gongliang Kungliang Gongliang Ru Huyan Huyen Huyan Mo Gongsun Kungsun Gongsun Jingmao Ji Chi Ji Li, Ji Fen Gongxi Kunghsi Gongxi Chi Ji Chi Ji Yuan Gongyang Kungyang Gongyang Shou Ji Chi Ji Tianxi, Ji Xiaolan Gongye Kungyeh Gongye Chang Ji Chi Ji Gu Gou Kou Gou Jian, Ji Chi Ji Ben Gou Zhongzheng Ji Chi Ji Chang Gou Kou Gou Qian Ji Chi Ji Yongren Gu Ku Koo Gu Zhiqi Ji Chi Ji Zixun Gu Ku Gu Zongyi Ji Chi Ji Tao Gu Ku Gu Kaizhi, Gu Yanwu, Ji Chi Ji Yuxi, Ji Ruxi Gu Zuyu Ji Chi Ji Fu Guan Kuan Kwan, Guan Hanqing, Jia Chia Ji Pang Quan Guan Tianpei Jia Chia Jia Dingguo Guan Kuan Guan Zhong, Jia Chia Jia Sixie, Jia Dao, Jia Rang Guan Daosheng Jiagu Chiaku Jiagu Qingchen Guang Kuang Guang Xuan Jian Chien Jian Zhaoliang Gui Kuei Gui Youguang Jiang Chiang Gong Jiang Yan, Jiang Qing Gui Kuei Gui Zongru, Gui Wencan Jiang Chiang Jiang Taigong, Jiang Wei Guliang Kuliang Guliang Chi Jiang Chiang Jiang Jieshi, Jiang Shiquan Guo Kuo Gok, Guo You Jiao Chiao Jiao Yanshou Gauk Jin Chin Jin Shengtan, Jin Nong Guo Kuo Guo Shoujing Jin Chin Jin Chang Ha Ha Ha Guoxing Jin Chin Jin Zhiyi Hai Hai Hai Peng Jing Ching Jing Dan, Jing Tian Han Han Han Fei, HanYu, Han Xin Jing Ching Jing Yuanshan Hang Hang Hang Shijun Jing Ching Jing Ke, Jing Hao Hao Hao Hao Yun, Hao Jin Jing Ching Ying Jing Chai He Ho Hor, Ko He Chengtian, He Tang, Ju Chü Ju Jie, Ju Ren, Ju Lian He Jin Ju Chü Ju Chang, Ju Lühou He Ho He Xian Kan K’an Kan Ze He Ho He Zhizhang, He Zizhen, Kang K’ang Kang Shuzi He Zhu Kang K’ang Kang Youwei, Kang Tai Helian Holien Helian Ziyue Ke K’o Ke Shu, Ke Qian Heng Heng Heng Xian Kong K’ung Kung Hong Zi, Kong Rong Hong Hung Hong Gong Kong K’ung Hong Hung Hong Junyou Kou K’ou Kou Qianzhi Hong Hung Hong Xiuyuan Kuai K’uai Kuai Liang Hou Hou Hou Chu, Hou Cang Kuang K’uang Kuang Guoce Hou Hou Hou Xian, Hou Fangyu Kuang K’uang Kuang Zhouyi Hou Hou Hou Min Kui K’uei Wei Kui Lin Hu Hu Hu Yaobang, Hu Jintao Kui K’uei Kui An, Kui Xin Hu Hu Hu Meng Lai Lai Lai Wenjun, Lai Liang C4 Centrepiece to The Indexer Vol. 25 No. 2 October 2006 names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 5 The hundred surnames Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Lan Lan Lan Dingyuan, Lan Ying Meng Meng Meng Tian Lang Lang Lang Yuling Mi Mi Mi Wanzhong, Mi Hanwen Lao Lao Lao Tong Mi Mi Mi Buqi Lei Lei Lui Lei Huan, Lei Dasheng Mi Mi Mi Xin, Mi Zhu Leng Leng Leng Mei, Miao Miao Miao Shouxin Leng Shouguang Miao Miao Miao Xiya, Miao Bingtai Li Li Li Xuan, Li Zhi Min Min Min Huaiying Li Li Lee, Ly Li Bin, Li Bai, Li Shizhen, Ming Ming Ming Liang Li Peng Mo Mo Mo Shilong, Mo Ti Li Li Li Qian, Li She Mo Mo Mo Zhai Li Li Li Daoyuan, Li Guangzu Moqi Moch’i Moqi Yong Li Li Lai Li Minhuai, Li Jian Mou Mou Mou Lun, Mou Yi Lian Lien Lian Zong Mu Mu Mu Xiang Lian Lien Lian Po, Lian Jie Mu Mu Mu Tianyan Liang Liang Leong, Liang Qiuhe, Mu Mu Mu Xiu, Mu Konghui Leung Liang Qichao Murong Mujung Murong Defeng Liangqiu Liangch’iu Liangqiu Lin Na Na Na Qingan Liao Liao Lew Liao Deming, Liao Yan Nai Nai Nai Zhan Lin Lin Lam, Lin Zexu, Li Biao Nangong Nankung Nangong Kuo, Lim, Lum Nangong Jingyi Lin Lin Lin Xiangru Nanmen Nanmen Nanmen Ru Ling Ling Ling Shu Neng Neng Neng Zixuan Linghu Linghu Linghu Tong Ni Ni Ni Can Liu Liu Lau Liu Shaoqi, Liu Xie, Nian Nien Nian Rulin Liu Xiang Nie Nieh Nie Chengsheng Liu Liu Liu Zongyuan, Nie Nieh Nie Danian, Nie Rongzhen Liu Gongquan Ning Ning Ning Tao Long Lung Loong Long Zhang, Long Xian Niu Niu Niu Yuanzhen Long Lung Long Yu Niu Niu Niu Shuyu, Niu Xiu Lou Lou Lou Liang Nong Nung Nong Yi Lu Lu Lu Zhaolin, Lu Fang Ou Ou Ou Daren Lu Lu Lu You, Lu Xinyuan Ouyang Ouyang Auyong, Ouyang Xiu Lu Lu Lu Deshan Owyang Lu Lu Lu Dongzan Pan P’an Pan Boqiu, Pan Jixun Lu Lu Lu Ban, Lu Kuang, Pang P’ang Pang Tong Lu Gong Pang P’ang Pang Meng Lu Lu Lu Sui Pei P’ei Pei Xiu, Pei Songzhi Lü Lü Lü Dongbin, Lü Buwei, Peng P’eng Peng Meng, Peng Dehuai Lü Zhi Peng P’eng Peng Qiu Luan Luan Luan Wenbo, Luan Congjie Pi P’i Pi Rixiu, Pi Xirui Luo Lo Law, Luo Tianyi, Ping P’ing Ping Heng, Ping Zhongwei Loh Luo Guanzhong Pu P’u Pu Jinnan Luo Lo Luo Binwang, Pu P’u Pu Songling Luo Tengfeng Pu P’u Pu Zhongqian Lüqiu Lüch’iu Lüqiu Jun Puyang P’uyang Puyang Cheng Ma Ma Mah, Ma Jun, Qi Ch’i Qi Zhaonan, Qi Yanhuai Mar Ma Zhiyuan Qi Ch’i Qi Yunshi Ma Ma Ma Jiuchou Qi Ch’i Qi Zhong Man Man Man Dahai Qian Ch’ien Qian Daxin, Qian Qi, Mao Mao Mao Zedong, Mao Sui, Qian Sanqiang Mao Jin Qiang Ch’iang Qiang Dun Mao Mao Mao Zhizhi, Mao Xinglai Qiao Ch’iao Qiao Jie, Qiao Shi Mei Mei Moy, Mui Mei Wending Qiao Ch’iao Qiao Xuan Meng Meng Meng Zi, Meng Xi, Qidiao Ch’itiao Qidiao Tufu Meng Haoran Centrepiece to The Indexer Vol.
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    Gutenberg Publishes the World's First Printed Book The exact date that Johannes Gutenberg published his first book - The Bible - isn't clear, although some historians believe the first section was published on September 30, 1452. The completed book - according to the Library of Congress - may have been released around 1455 or 1456. What is for sure is that Gutenberg's work, published on his printing press, changed the world. For the first time, books could be "mass produced" instead of "hand copied." It is believed that 48 originals, in various states of repair, still exist. The British Library has two copies - one printed on paper, the other on vellum (from the French word Vélin, meaning calf's skin) - and they can be viewed and compared online. The Bible, as Gutenberg published it, had 42 lines of text, evenly spaced in two columns: Gutenberg's Bible was a marvel of technology and a beautiful work of art. It was truly a masterpiece. The letters were perfectly formed, not fuzzy or smudged. They were all the same height and stood tall and straight on the page. The 42 lines of text were spaced evenly in two perfect columns. The large versals were bright, colorful and artistic. Some pages had more colorful artwork weaving around the two columns of text. (Johannes Gutenberg: Inventor of the Printing Press, by Fran Rees, page 67.) Did Gutenberg know how important his work would become? Most historians think not: Gutenberg must have been pleased with his handiwork. But he wouldn't have known then that this Bible would be considered one of the most beautiful books ever printed.
  • Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1

    Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1

    EASTM 18 (2001): 75-11 I Changing Standards: Tracing Changes in Acu­ moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1 Asaf Goldschmidt [Asaf Goldschmidt is a lecturer at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in History and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania in I 999. His dissertation was on "The transformations of Chinese medicine dur­ ing the Northern Song dynasty (920-1127)." The dissertation analysed how by the end of the Northern Song dynasty three past medical approaches converged into one comprehensive medical system. He is currently working on a history of the first imperially sponsored pharmacy in China and on the influence of the Song emperor Huizang on medicine.] * * * Acupuncture is probably one of the most renowned topics when traditional Chi­ nese medicine is discussed. Indeed, more often than not, when people discuss traditional Chinese medicine one of the first issues they discuss is acu-moxa therapy (see definition below). Acu-moxa therapy is certainly one of the most intriguing and unintuitive therapeutic skills in the arsenal of traditional Chinese medicine. However in spite of this, little research has been conducted on the history of this topic. Existing works mostly concentrate on either the question of the origin of acu-moxa therapy or provide a general overview of its history.2 This paper offers a different approach - it compares the contents of six surviving texts of acu-moxa therapy dating to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. By com­ paring the contents of these works, I attempt to examine changes in the manu­ scripts available to practitioners of that era.
  • Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Journal of Chinese Medicine • Number 102 • June 2013

    Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Journal of Chinese Medicine • Number 102 • June 2013

    20 Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Journal of Chinese Medicine • Number 102 • June 2013 Introduction to Neijing Classical Acupuncture Part II: Clinical Theory Abstract By: Edward Neal As outlined in Part I of this article, the theories and practices of Neijing classical acupuncture are radically different from the type of acupuncture commonly practised today. In essence, Neijing classical acupuncture is Keywords: a form of clinical surgery, the goal of which is to restore the body’s circulatory pathways and tissue planes to a Acupuncture, state of dynamic balance. In its clinical application, Neijing classical acupuncture is a physician-level skill built Neijing, classical, upon a sophisticated understanding of the innate patterns of nature and an in-depth knowledge of the structure history, basic and physiology of the human body. Neijing classical acupuncture does not depend on point-action theory - the principles conceptual framework that dominates most current thinking in modern acupuncture - for its therapeutic efficacy. Rather, the goal of Neijing classical acupuncture is to regulate the different tissue planes of the body in order to restore the free circulation of blood, and in doing so allow the body to return to its original state of balance and innate self-healing. I. Background theoretical descriptions of acupuncture were outlined The detailed writings laid down in the original texts in the original medical texts where their core principles of Chinese medicine during the later Warring States period (475-221 BCE) and Western Han Dynasty (206 that is the least understood today.3 BCE-9 CE) represent a comprehensive theoretical system that has stood the test of time for over two History of the Lingshu family of texts millennia.
  • Protocol for a Gallbladder Cancer Registry Study in China

    Protocol for a Gallbladder Cancer Registry Study in China

    BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038634 on 16 February 2021. Downloaded from PEER REVIEW HISTORY BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf) and are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. ARTICLE DETAILS TITLE (PROVISIONAL) Protocol for a gallbladder cancer registry study in China: the Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study AUTHORS Ren, Tai; Li, Yongsheng; Zhang, Xi; Geng, Yajun; Shao, Ziyu; Li, Maolan; Wu, Xiangsong; Wang, Xu-An; Liu, Fatao; Wu, Wenguang; Shu, Yijun; Bao, Runfa; Gong, Wei; Dong, Ping; Dang, Xueyi; Liu, Chang; Liu, Changjun; Sun, Bei; Liu, Jun; Wang, Lin; Hong, Defei; Qin, Renyi; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Xuewen; Xu, Junmin; Jia, Jianguang; Yang, Bo; Li, Bing; Dai, Chaoliu; Cao, Jingyu; Cao, Hong; Tao, Feng; Zhang, Zaiyang; Wang, Yi; Jin, Huihan; Cai, Hongyu; Fei, Zhewei; Gu, Jianfeng; Han, Wei; Feng, Xuedong; Fang, Lu; Zheng, Linhui; Zhu, Chunfu; Wang, Kunhua; Zhang, Xueli; Li, Xiaoyong; Jin, Chong; Qian, Yeben; Cui, Yunfu; Xu, Yuzhen; Wang, Xiang; Liu, Houbao; Hua, Yawei; Liu, Chao; Hao, Jihui; Wang, Chuanlei; Li, Qiyun; Li, Xun; Liu, Jiansheng; Li, Mingzhang; Qiu, Yudong; Wu, Buqiang; Zheng, Jinfang; Chen, Xiaoliang; Zhu, Haihong; Hua, Kejun; Yan, Maolin; Wang, Peng; Zang, Hong; Ma, Xiaoming; Hong, Jian; Liu, Yingbin VERSION 1 – REVIEW REVIEWER Linda Lundgren Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland and http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden REVIEW RETURNED 24-Apr-2020 GENERAL COMMENTS Thank you for this interesting and dedicated protocol.