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ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi's Economic Reforms
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Social Science Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi’s Economic Reforms: Confucian Economic Policies in Song Dynasty China and Their Proto-Keynesian Aspects Master‘s Thesis Technology Governance Supervisor: Professor Wolfgang Drechsler Tallinn 2016 1 TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Sotsiaalteaduskond Ragnar Nurkse innovatsiooni ja valitsemise instituut ZHAO Xuan Wang Anshi majandusreformid: konfutsianistlikke majanduspoliitikad Song'i dünastia Hiinas ja nende proto-keynesianistlikud aspektid Magistritöö Tehnoloogia valitsemine Juhendaja: Professor Wolfgang Drechsler Tallinn 2016 2 Abstract Current mainstream scholarly understandings of Wang Anshi‘s economic reform tend to belittle it as nothing but a government‘s pillage of people‘s wealth as well as a betrayal to Confucianism, and deny the existence of the parallel between the reform and modern western economic policy paradigms, especially the Keynesianism. But as long as understanding the original ideas of Wang Anshi‘s economic thought and his reforming policies, and comparing the those ideas with John Maynard Keynes‘ and Abba Lerner‘s thoughts, one would find Wang Anshi‘s reform was an endeavor to make Confucianism work in his time, because Confucian economic principles acted as the sources of ideas and the blueprint of the reform; and this endeavor well deserves the title of ―proto-Keynesianism‖, because both sides in this parallel reach consensus about the importance of government‘s expenditure to support aggregate demand, increasing inducement to invest, and state‘s control of economy in curing the economic depression of unemployment and preventing it from happening. Key words: Wang Anshi, Wang Anshi‘s Economic Reform, Confucianism, Confucian Economics, Zhouli, John Maynard Keynes, Abba Lerner, Keynesianism 3 Table of Contents 1. -
Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1
EASTM 18 (2001): 75-11 I Changing Standards: Tracing Changes in Acu moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1 Asaf Goldschmidt [Asaf Goldschmidt is a lecturer at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in History and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania in I 999. His dissertation was on "The transformations of Chinese medicine dur ing the Northern Song dynasty (920-1127)." The dissertation analysed how by the end of the Northern Song dynasty three past medical approaches converged into one comprehensive medical system. He is currently working on a history of the first imperially sponsored pharmacy in China and on the influence of the Song emperor Huizang on medicine.] * * * Acupuncture is probably one of the most renowned topics when traditional Chi nese medicine is discussed. Indeed, more often than not, when people discuss traditional Chinese medicine one of the first issues they discuss is acu-moxa therapy (see definition below). Acu-moxa therapy is certainly one of the most intriguing and unintuitive therapeutic skills in the arsenal of traditional Chinese medicine. However in spite of this, little research has been conducted on the history of this topic. Existing works mostly concentrate on either the question of the origin of acu-moxa therapy or provide a general overview of its history.2 This paper offers a different approach - it compares the contents of six surviving texts of acu-moxa therapy dating to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. By com paring the contents of these works, I attempt to examine changes in the manu scripts available to practitioners of that era. -
YAN JIDAO's CI POETICS and the HIGH TRADITION* By
the banquet’s aftermath 211 THE BANQUET’S AFTERMATH: YAN JIDAO’S CI POETICS AND THE HIGH TRADITION* by ROBERT ASHMORE University of California, Berkeley I. Introduction At what point in the history of medieval Chinese literary culture should one say that the history of the genre of “song lyric,” or ci 詞, begins? Many of the musical tune-forms that make up the genre can be traced back to at least the mid-eighth century;1 by this measure, the eleventh-century lyricists from the heyday of the banquet ci— writers such as Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 (989–1052), Zhang Xian 張先 (990–1078), Yan Shu 晏殊 (991–1055), Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007– 1072), and Yan Jidao 晏幾道 (~1030?–~1110?)—were heirs to nearly four centuries of tradition in the craft. Another way, however, to approach the question of the beginnings of ci is to attempt to locate the time at which the genre begins to be discussed within the tradition as an object of serious historical inquiry, and to be accorded a secure place among older literary forms. As is well known, when asked in this way the question yields a much later date, and a more prob- lematic set of issues. It was not until surprisingly late that the “his- * I would like to thank Peter Bol, Tim Chan, Christian DePee, Ron Egan, Paul Kroll, Stephen Owen, Michael Puett, Eric Wanxiang Wang, Stephen West, and an anonymous reviewer for this journal for their comments, criticisms, and en- couragement at various stages in the preparation of this article. 1 The tradition of the court music repertoires of the Sui and Tang referred to as yanyue 燕樂 is the earliest traceable direct source for many of the metrical patterns that came to make up the ci genre. -
2006: University of Victoria
American Oriental Society, Western Branch—2006 Meeting Laurel Point Inn, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Friday, October 13 8:30-9:00: Registration 9:00-9:15: Opening Remarks 9:15-10:45: Panel One: Early China, Language and Texts Mark Halperin, University of California, Davis, Chair Newell Ann van Auken (Grinnell College), “Commentarial remarks on the Spring and Autumn Classic: the shufaa 書法 lines of the Tzuoo juann 左傳” Young Kyun Oh (Arizona State University), “Butterflies, flat fish, and leaves—what xiesheng 諧聲 can tell us” Suh-jen Yang (University of Washington), “From Document to Monument: The Making of ‘The Inscription of Chu Prime Minister Sun Shuao’ 楚相孫叔敖碑 (160 A.D.)” 11:00-12:00: Panel Two: Islam Michael Fuller, University of Ccalifornia, Irvine, Chair Andrew Rippin (University of Victoria), “Reflections on the academic study of the Qur’an” Leah Kinberg (Tel-Aviv University/Simon Fraser University), “The call for Hijra or the prohibition of residing among the infidels: an examination of Q 4:97-100” 12:00-1:30 Lunch 1:30-3:00: Panel Three: Medieval China, Part One David Knechtges, University of Washington, Chair Kong Xurong (Kean University), “Yongwu Fu and Intention?: A Thematic Study of Fu Xuan’s Yongwu Fu” Y. Edmund Lien (University of Washington), “Wei Yao’s Disquisition on Boyi” Nicholas M. Williams (University of Washington), “A Conversation in Poems: Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian, and Jiang Yan” 3:15-4:15: Panel Four: Medieval China, Part Two Ding Xiang Warner, Cornell University, Chair Ping Wang (University of Wisconsin, Madison), “‘Maple Leaf ’—A Poetic Image Worth A Thousand Pieces of Gold” David Knight (Yale University), “Echoes of Autumn: Two Tang Qiusheng fu” 4:30-5:30: Panel Five: Buddhism Richard von Glahn, University of California at Los Angeles, Chair American Oriental Society Western Branch Annual Meeting 2006 2 Martin T. -
Memorial on the Crop Loans Measure, by Wang Anshi
Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) MEMORIAL ON THE CROP LOANS MEASURE By Wang Anshi Introduction The Song dynasty (960-1279) was weaker than its predecessor, the Tang, and ruled over a smaller territory. To the north and northwest, the Song faced strong alien regimes: the Khitan Liao dynasty (907-1125) and the Tangut Xixia (990-1227). These regimes posed a constant military threat, which the Song defused by making payments of silk and other goods to both the Xixia and the Liao according to negotiated agreements. Still, the burden of maintaining troops for the defense of the empire was significant and caused serious financial problems for the imperial government (the cost of the payments to the Xixia and the Liao was small by comparison). The officials of the Song dynasty approached the task of government with the inspiration of a reinvigorated Confucianism, which historians refer to as “Neo-Confucianism.” Song officials such as Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), Su Shi (1037-1101, also known by his pen name, Su Dongpo), and Wang Anshi (1021-1086) worked to apply Confucian principles to the practical tasks of governing. As with any group of scholars and officials, different individuals had different understandings of just what concrete measures would best realize the moral ideals articulated in the Analects and Mencius. Such disagreements could be quite serious and could make or unmake careers. Wang Anshi was a noted scholar and official. He distinguished himself during a long term of service as a country magistrate. In 1068, the young Shenzong Emperor (r. 1068-1085), then twenty years old, appointed Wang Anshi as Chief Councilor and charged him with carrying out a thorough-going reform of the empire’s finances, administration, education, and military. -
Development of Family Foundations in the United States and China
Research Report #28 April 2016 Development of Family Foundations in the United States and China: Case Studies of Four Family Foundations Carolyn Isles Shuang Lu Chien-Chung Huang Huamin Research Center, School of Social Work Rutgers University In the recent decades, the amount and size of family foundations have increased substantial- ly in the United States and China. Yet little research has examined this phenomenon and its impact on social development, particularly in China. In this study, we use the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model to examine the status and roles of family foundations in the U.S. and Chinese society. Our case studies of four family foundations (two U.S. and two Chinese) sug- gest that these foundations were established in different contexts. Their input, process, and product vary by their mission, size, and context. Our findings provide policy implications for developing family foundations and maximizing their positive impacts on social development in the U.S., Chi- na, and beyond. Keywords: Family foundation, Philanthropy, CIPP, China, United States 1 Introduction mental trajectory and social impact the U.S. for over 100 years. In 1913, Modern entrepreneurs are accu- (Boris, Vita, & Gaddy, 2015). As in- John D. Rockefeller Senior established mulating wealth earlier in their life- come inequality continues to expand the Rockefeller Foundation to promote times than those of previous genera- in the United States and China (Saez & human wellbeing (Rockefeller Founda- tions. Many of them seek fulfillment Zucman, 2014; Xie & Zhou, 2014), in- tion Archives, 2015). During its early outside of their businesses. While there crease in family foundations, along years, the foundation focused on pub- are a variety of approaches to charita- with their philanthropic giving, may lic health. -
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing's Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mx8m4wt Author Choi, Seokwon Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by Seokwon Choi Committee in charge: Professor Peter C. Sturman, Chair Professor Miriam Wattles Professor Hui-shu Lee December 2016 The dissertation of Seokwon Choi is approved. _____________________________________________ Miriam Wattles _____________________________________________ Hui-shu Lee _____________________________________________ Peter C. Sturman, Committee Chair September 2016 Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Copyright © 2016 by Seokwon Choi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincerest gratitude goes to my advisor, Professor Peter C. Sturman, whose guidance, patience, and confidence in me have made my doctoral journey not only possible but also enjoyable. It is thanks to him that I was able to transcend the difficulties of academic work and find pleasure in reading, writing, painting, and calligraphy. As a role model, Professor Sturman taught me how to be an artful recluse like the Jiangnan literati. I am also greatly appreciative for the encouragement and counsel of Professor Hui-shu Lee. Without her valuable suggestions from its earliest stage, this project would never have taken shape. I would like to express appreciation to Professor Miriam Wattles for insightful comments and thought-provoking discussions that helped me to consider the issues of portraiture in a broader East Asian context. -
At Yueyang Tower in China
Tourism Management 65 (2018) 292e302 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tourism Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Moral gaze at literary places: Experiencing “being the first to worry and the last to enjoy” at Yueyang Tower in China * Xiaojuan Yu, Honggang Xu Sun Yat-sen University, 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China highlights graphical abstract The moral aspect of literature and literary/cultural tourism is examined. The concept of moral gaze charac- terizes many tourism phenomena. Moral gaze is a general way of thinking, feeling and acting involving morality. Five aspects are covered: literature, writer, nature, self and society, and place. Moral gaze helps explain why a place is attractive and how it is experienced. article info abstract Article history: This study examined the literary tourism phenomena at Yueyang Tower in China using a multi-method Received 12 October 2017 approach. The concept of moral gaze emerged from the analysis of a combination of data about touristic Received in revised form provision and experience at this site and relevant Chinese traditions. The moral gaze can be seen as a 23 October 2017 general way of thinking, feeling and acting that involves morality. It is reflected in at least five inter- Accepted 24 October 2017 related aspects in the Yueyang Tower case, including: the moral function of literature, the emphasis on Available online 5 November 2017 the moral character of the writer, the moral inference from nature usually expressed in literature, the moral cultivation of the visitor self and the society, and the place as moral symbolization. -
Zeng Jing's Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Litera
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by Seokwon Choi Committee in charge: Professor Peter C. Sturman, Chair Professor Miriam Wattles Professor Hui-shu Lee December 2016 The dissertation of Seokwon Choi is approved. _____________________________________________ Miriam Wattles _____________________________________________ Hui-shu Lee _____________________________________________ Peter C. Sturman, Committee Chair September 2016 Fashioning the Reclusive Persona: Zeng Jing’s Informal Portraits of the Jiangnan Literati Copyright © 2016 by Seokwon Choi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincerest gratitude goes to my advisor, Professor Peter C. Sturman, whose guidance, patience, and confidence in me have made my doctoral journey not only possible but also enjoyable. It is thanks to him that I was able to transcend the difficulties of academic work and find pleasure in reading, writing, painting, and calligraphy. As a role model, Professor Sturman taught me how to be an artful recluse like the Jiangnan literati. I am also greatly appreciative for the encouragement and counsel of Professor Hui-shu Lee. Without her valuable suggestions from its earliest stage, this project would never have taken shape. I would like to express appreciation to Professor Miriam Wattles for insightful comments and thought-provoking discussions that helped me to consider the issues of portraiture in a broader East Asian context. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Susan Tai, Elizabeth Atkins Curator of Asian Art at the Santa Barbara Museum of Art. She was my Santa Barbara mother, and she helped made my eight-year sojourn in the American Riviera one that I will cherish forever. -
Politics and Conservatism in Northern Song China: the Career and Thought of Sima Guang (A.D
《中國文化研究所學報》 Journal of Chinese Studies No. 45 - 2005 388 Book Reviews Politics and Conservatism in Northern Song China: The Career and Thought of Sima Guang (A.D. 1019–1086). By Xiao-bin Ji. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2005. Pp. xi + 253. $42.00. This book does two things that have not, I think, been done before in a Western language study of Song history. It is, first, a marvelous study of the dynamics of the relationship between the inner court and the outer court during a period when the inner court was often beset by such internal problems as choosing a successor and tensions between an empress dowager and the emperor and the outer court was increasingly divided by factions based on ideology. It is, second, a detailed case study of how three emperors (Renzong, Yingzong, and Shenzong) and one official (Sima Guang) were able to play politically important roles in the polity. I cannot improve on Ji’s statement of the lesson of this study for historians: “The emperors (and sometimes the regents) never took their power for granted, but were instead always trying to strengthen and maintain this power. The ruler’s work of asserting and maintaining control was a never-ending process.” (p. 183) Some emperors were better at this than others, as Liu Jingzhen has shown in her study of the first three emperors.1 The Northern Song is an interesting period for examining the jockeying for power between the inner and outer court because the outer court was in the hands of literati officials who, during Sima Guang’s lifetime, were increasingly guided by ideology. -
The Influence of Chinese Mathematical Arts on Seki Kowa
THE INFLUENCE OF CHINESE MATHEMATICAL ARTS ON SEKI KOWA b y SHIGERU JOCHI, M.A. (Tokai) Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1 9 9 3 ProQuest Number: 10673061 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673061 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT I will consider the influence of Chinese mathematics on Seki Kowa. For this purpose, my thesis is constructed in four parts, introduction, I the studies of editions; Shu Shn Jin Zhang and Yang Uni S u m Fa, II the conception and extension of method for making magic squares, and 1 the analysis for solving indeterminate equations. In the introduction, I will explain some similarities between Chinese mathematics in the Song dynasty and Seki Kowa's works. It will become clear that the latter was influenced by Chinese mathematics. Then I introduce some former opinions concerning which Chinese mathematical book influenced him. I shall show that two Chinese mathematical books, Shn Shn Jin Zhang and Yang Hni S u m Fa, are particularly important. -
UC GAIA Chen Schaberg CS5.5-Text.Indd
Idle Talk New PersPectives oN chiNese culture aNd society A series sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies and made possible through a grant from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange 1. Joan Judge and Hu Ying, eds., Beyond Exemplar Tales: Women’s Biography in Chinese History 2. David A. Palmer and Xun Liu, eds., Daoism in the Twentieth Century: Between Eternity and Modernity 3. Joshua A. Fogel, ed., The Role of Japan in Modern Chinese Art 4. Thomas S. Mullaney, James Leibold, Stéphane Gros, and Eric Vanden Bussche, eds., Critical Han Studies: The History, Representation, and Identity of China’s Majority 5. Jack W. Chen and David Schaberg, eds., Idle Talk: Gossip and Anecdote in Traditional China Idle Talk Gossip and Anecdote in Traditional China edited by Jack w. cheN aNd david schaberg Global, Area, and International Archive University of California Press berkeley los Angeles loNdoN The Global, Area, and International Archive (GAIA) is an initiative of the Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, in partnership with the University of California Press, the California Digital Library, and international research programs across the University of California system. University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd.