Commemoration Program
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Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis
MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Gewalt auf Distanz. Zur Farbfotografie in der Shoah“ verfasst von / submitted by Eva Maria Pirker, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien 2016 / Vienna 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 835 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Kunstgeschichte degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Mag. Dr. Friedrich Tietjen Inhaltsverzeichnis I Einleitung ................................................................................................................................. 2 II Forschungsstand und Methoden ............................................................................................. 4 III Die Farbfotografie als Element der Verflechtung von Industrie und Propaganda im Nationalsozialismus ................................................................................................................... 6 IV Die sogenannte „Endlösung“ – eine Demonstration einer Radikalisierung ....................... 17 V Walter Genewein – Dokumentation der ökonomischen „Effizienz“ des Holocaust ............ 21 V a. Das „Getto Litzmannstadt“ und dessen deutsche „Gettoverwaltung“ .......................... 22 V b. Die Entdeckung der Farbdias Walter Geneweins ......................................................... 38 V c. Die Bedeutung der Farbdias aus dem „Getto -
Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland
Miranda Walston Witnessing Extermination: Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland Honours Thesis By: Miranda Walston Supervisor: Dr. Lauren Rossi 1 Miranda Walston Introduction The Holocaust spanned multiple years and states, occurring in both German-occupied countries and those of their collaborators. But in no one state were the actions of the Holocaust felt more intensely than in Poland. It was in Poland that the Nazis constructed and ran their four death camps– Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno, and Belzec – and created combination camps that both concentrated people for labour, and exterminated them – Auschwitz and Majdanek.1 Chelmno was the first of the death camps, established in 1941, while Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec were created during Operation Reinhard in 1942.2 In Poland, the Nazis concentrated many of the Jews from countries they had conquered during the war. As the major killing centers of the “Final Solution” were located within Poland, when did people in Poland become aware of the level of death and destruction perpetrated by the Nazi regime? While scholars have attributed dates to the “Final Solution,” predominantly starting in 1942, when did the people of Poland notice the shift in the treatment of Jews from relocation towards physical elimination using gas chambers? Or did they remain unaware of such events? To answer these questions, I have researched the writings of various people who were in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” I am specifically addressing the information found in diaries and memoirs. Given language barriers, this thesis will focus only on diaries and memoirs that were written in English or later translated and published in English.3 This thesis addresses twenty diaries and memoirs from people who were living in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” Most of these diaries (fifteen of twenty) were written by members of the intelligentsia. -
Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4
Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4 The following resources are from the archives at Yad Vashem and can be used to supplement Lesson 4, The Ghettos, in Echoes and Reflections. The Ghettos In this lesson, you learn about the ghettos established throughout Nazi Europe and study primary sources from the Lodz ghetto in Poland. For more information about the Lodz ghetto, as well as other ghettos established during the Holocaust, click here. In this lesson, you meet Joseph Morton. Here is a Page of Testimony about Zisle Mortkowitz, Joseph’s mother. Key Words • Ghetto • Judenrat • Ressortes • Third Reich Encyclopedia • Bialystok • Biebow, Hans • Bohemia and Moravia, Protectorate of • Deportations • Extermination Camp • Forced Labor • Kovno • Lodz • Rumkowski, Mordechai Chaim • Vilna Historical Background • Cracow Ghetto • Lublin • Theresienstadt • Warsaw Ghetto Photographs • Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Entrance to the Ghetto • Checiny, Poland, Abraham Ring with Members of the Judenrat in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, Dr. Elchanan Elkes, Head of the Judenrat, in His Office • Kovno, Lithuania - Children on the Street in the Ghetto • Krakow, Poland, On the Bridge Leading to the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Policemen in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Rumkowski Blessing a Bride and Groom • Lodz, Poland, Street Scene in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Awaiting Deportation • Lodz, Poland, 1941, Chaim Mordechai Rumkowski with Graduates from the Gymnasium (high school) • Lublin, Poland, Deportation of Jews to the Ghetto • Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, Children Donning -
Verfolgen Und Aufklären. Die Erste Generation Der Holocaustforschung
Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte ISBN: 978-3-86331-467-5 Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz © 2019 Metropol Verlag Ansbacher Str. 70 · D–10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin Inhalt / Content Seite / Page Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Emanuel Ringelblum von / by Romina Wiegemann 152 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – Verfolgung, Aufklärung Jacob Robinson von / by Romina Wiegemann 156 und Erinnerung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden Massimo Adolfo Vitale von / by Nicole Calian 160 The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Persecution, Elucidation Alfred Wiener von / by Barbara Warnock 164 and Remembrance of the Genocide of the European Jews 6 Simon Wiesenthal von / by Romina Wiegemann 168 Joseph Wulf von / by Till Stumpf 172 Stephan Lehnstaedt Vergessene Forscherinnen / Forgotten Female Researchers 176 Galizien vor dem Holocaust. Minderheitenpolitik und ethnische von / by Nora Huberty Gewalt am Beispiel einer historischen Region Ostmitteleuropas Galicia Before the -
Life in the Ghetto of Lodz
Life in the Ghetto of Lodz The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Life in the ghetto of Lodz Life in the ghetto of Lodz A ”special area” for Jews Three weeks after the invasion of Poland Reinhard Heydrich, leader of the security service in Nazi Germany, instructed the so called Einsatzgruppen that the Jews should be concentrated in special areas Vashem© Yad and that this was neccesary in order to accomplish the “final goal”, i.e. to get rid of all the Jews. Therefore Artur Greiser and Friedrich Uebelhoer, Nazi leaders for Wartheland, where Jakob was born, acted according to this intent when they started planning for a special living area for Jews in Lodz. The planning of the ghetto started in December 1939. The authorities sent a message to the Jewish Community instructing them on how the resettlement should be carried out. The assigned area included the Old City, where many Jews already lived, and part of the district Baluty in the outskirts of the city, representing a total area of 4.13 square kilometers. Both areas were poor and run-down. Most of the houses Arthur Greiser, leader of the Wartheland region. did not have running water or sewage. To isolate the area and keep the non-Jewish population out large signs were posted at the entrances, warning people of epidemics and illnesses in the Jewish settlement area. -
Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
Liberation & Revenge
Episode Guide: Orders & Initiatives September 1941–March 1942 Jews from the Lódz ghetto board deportation trains for the Chelmno death camp. Overview "Orders and Initiatives" (Disc 1, Title 2, 48:27) highlights the crucial decision-making period of the Holocaust and reveals the secret plans of Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Reinhard Heydrich to annihilate the Jews. At a conference in January 1942, the Nazis plan how to achieve their goals. The first gas chambers are built at Auschwitz and the use of Zyklon B is developed. German doctors arrive to oversee each transport, deciding who should live and who should die. In the program's Follow-up Discussion (Disc 2, Bonus Features, Title 8, 7:18), Linda Ellerbee interviews Claudia Koonz, professor of history at Duke University and author of The Nazi Conscience (Belknap, 2003), and Edward Kissi, professor of Africana studies at the University of South Florida and an expert on international relations and human rights. Target Audience: Grades 9-12 social studies, history, and English courses Student Learning Goals • Citing specific events and decisions, analyze how the Nazi mission changed from September 1941 to March 1942, explaining the reasons for the changes. • Compare Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II (Birkenau) in terms of location, purpose, population, and living conditions. • Identify the incremental steps the Nazis used to isolate Jews and deport them from their home environments to death camps, and the effects on Jews, their neighbors, and the Nazis at each stage. • Summarize how and why many European nations collaborated with the Nazis, including their history of antisemitism. -
Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland During World War II1
July 2008 Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland during World War II1 Mark Paul Collaboration with the Germans in occupied Poland is a topic that has not been adequately explored by historians.2 Holocaust literature has dwelled almost exclusively on the conduct of Poles toward Jews and has often arrived at sweeping and unjustified conclusions. At the same time, with a few notable exceptions such as Isaiah Trunk3 and Raul Hilberg,4 whose findings confirmed what Hannah Arendt had written about 1 This is a much expanded work in progress which builds on a brief overview that appeared in the collective work The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki: An Overview of Polish-Jewish Relations in Northeastern Poland during World War II (Toronto and Chicago: The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998), Part Two, 231–40. The examples cited are far from exhaustive and represent only a selection of documentary sources in the author’s possession. 2 Tadeusz Piotrowski has done some pioneering work in this area in his Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces, and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1998). Chapters 3 and 4 of this important study deal with Jewish and Polish collaboration respectively. Piotrowski’s methodology, which looks at the behaviour of the various nationalities inhabiting interwar Poland, rather than focusing on just one of them of the isolation, provides context that is sorely lacking in other works. For an earlier treatment see Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), chapter 4. -
James T. Chiampi the EXEMPLARY CHAIM RUMKOWSKI in PRIMO LEVI's
James T. Chiampi THE EXEMPLARY CHAIM RUMKOWSKI IN PRIMO LEVI’S “LA ZONA GRIGIA” n his essay “A Defnition of the Esthetic Experience,” Eliseo Vivas offers this Idescription of the signifying effect of art on the perceiving mind: “An esthetic experience is an experience of rapt attention which involves the intransitive apprehension of an object’s immanent meanings in their full presentational immediacy.”1 Vivas continues, [“Intransitive”] means to signify that attention is esthetic when it is so controlled by the object that it does not fy away from it to meanings not present immanently in the object; or in other words that attention is so controlled that the object specifes concretely and immediately through refexive cross- references its meanings and objective characters. And thus we may contrast esthetic with all other modes of attention by noting that other modes of atten- tion discover in objects not immanent but referential meanings, which is to say, meanings which carry us beyond the object to other objects or meanings not present upon it. (408–9) This experience of concentrated and contained attention is a creative fascina- tion in which meanings, detached from circumambient referential meanings, are reforged. In the novel, self- renewing literary artwork, the endless possible variety of meanings in combination and recombination, in their manifold dense allusivity, all present and absent even in a single reading—these “refex- ive cross- references”—set the esthetic object in unceasing semantic fow. Thus, only homonymy would bind the esthetic and extraesthetic word. Such mean- ings, which refuse reduction to the univocal, clearly cannot be captured all together at once either in the moment of consumption, or in retrospect. -
Jasiński on Finder and Prusin, 'Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland'
H-Poland Jasiński on Finder and Prusin, 'Justice behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland' Review published on Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Gabriel N. Finder, Alexander V. Prusin. Justice behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland. German and European Studies Series. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. 400 pp. $90.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-4426-3745-0; $34.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1-4875-2268-1. Reviewed by Łukasz Jasiński (Muzeum Miasta Gdyni, Poland) Published on H-Poland (April, 2019) Commissioned by Anna Muller (University of Michigan - Dearborn) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53400 The question of postwar trials of war criminals and collaborators has been a subject of interest of many scholars from different countries. Numerous books and articles have been published on such topics as the Nuremberg trials, the trials in the Far East, and legal purges of war criminals and collaborators. Among these publications, however, we can barely find any works devoted to trials that took place in postwar Poland. Poland, which suffered almost six years of brutal German occupation as well as Soviet occupation of its eastern territories, became after 1945 a site of various legal proceedings aimed at punishing perpetrators and collaborators. These proceedings were conducted simultaneously with political trials of opponents of communist power. Existing literature on Polish retribution has offered only superficial analysis in the form of articles or works from the 1960s and 1970s often published by the Main Commission for the Investigation of German (since 1949 Hitlerite) War Crimes in Poland. -
Paper for B(&N
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 8 • No. 11 • November 2018 doi:10.30845/ijhss.v8n11p1 The Planning and Architecture of Deportation, Imprisonment and Death - Reflections on the Ethical Implications of the Holocaust for Built and Natural Environment Disciplines Richard Kötter Senior Lecturer in Economic /Political Geography Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences School of the Built and Natural Environment Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Lewis Preston Formerly Senior Lecturer in Architecture School of the Built and Natural Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST. Abstract This paper is based on an exchange and dialogue between two academics on how the legacy of the Nazi period is relevant for built environment, planning and human geography disciplines.We argue that we should be reflecting on the conduct and utility of spatial and urban planning and design in the Nazi period from the perspective of professional ethics, not just as a historical reflection and remembrance but also to inform current and future generations of professionals. Keywords: National Socialist (NS / Nazi) spatial planning and urban design; professional conduct and ethics, Holocaust / Shoah / Porajnos 1, „tabula rasa“; Oswiecim / Auschwitz; German occupation of Poland from 1939. 2 1.0 Architecture and Planning‚ Post-Auschwitz‘? Taking their cue from Adorno„s text on „education after Auschwitz“ in the 1960s 3, a whole series of professions have asked this question for their respective field: what do the events of Auschwitz (as the central symbolic reference space) and the genocide in Europe more broadly perpetrated by Nazi Germany and her collaborateurs mean for the actors of the following generations ? 4 We shall restrict ourself to a consideration (informed by historiographies) of the disciplines of architecture and urban construction (Rose, 1993, Gutschow, 2001; Willems, 2000), spatial planning and urban design (Rössler, 1989 and 2001, in Szöllösi-Janze, M. -
Using Primary Sources to Develop an Understanding About the Holocaust: Curriculum Project
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 439 035 SO 030 773 AUTHOR Wukitch, Lauren . TITLE Using Primary Sources To Develop an Understanding about the Holocaust: Curriculum Project. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad Program 1998 (Hungary/Poland). SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1998-10-25 NOTE 120p.; For other projects from the 1998 Hungary/Poland Program, see SO 030 774-781. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Anti Semitism; *Cultural Context; *European History; Foreign Countries; Grade 10; High Schools; *Jews; *Nazism; *Primary Sources; Social Studies; *World War II IDENTIFIERS Europe; Fulbright Hays Seminars Abroad Program; Hitler (Adolf); *Holocaust; Hungary; Poland ABSTRACT This Holocaust curriculum project is designed for a 10th grade world cultures class that meets for 80 minutes per day during one semester. The students use selected primary sources including poems, diary excerpts, and a short novel written by victims and survivors of the Holocaust. They also examine profiles about the rescuers. Additional documentaries and films also may be integrated into the unit as time'and resources permit. The curriculum project is divided into the following sections: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Objectives";. (3)"Teaching Strategy"; (4) "Materials"; (5) "Questions"; (6) "Evaluation"; (7) "Appendix A: Selected Poems"; (8) "Appendix B: 'Learning about the Holocaust: A Resource Booklet for Students'" which also contains a Holocaust chronology; (9) "Appendix C: Diary Excerpt from the Lodz Ghetto";(10) "Appendix D: Diary Excerpt written by Mary Berg"; (11) "Appendix E: Profile on Jan Karski";(12) "Appendix F: Profile on Gustav Mikulai"; and (13) "Appendix G: Profile on Alex and Mela Rosen." (Contains 23 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.