DOCSLIB.ORG

Verfolgen Und Aufklären. Die Erste Generation Der Holocaustforschung

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Verfolgen Und Aufklären. Die Erste Generation Der Holocaustforschung Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte ISBN: 978-3-86331-467-5 Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz © 2019 Metropol Verlag Ansbacher Str. 70 · D–10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin Inhalt / Content Seite / Page Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Emanuel Ringelblum von / by Romina Wiegemann 152 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – Verfolgung, Aufklärung Jacob Robinson von / by Romina Wiegemann 156 und Erinnerung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden Massimo Adolfo Vitale von / by Nicole Calian 160 The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Persecution, Elucidation Alfred Wiener von / by Barbara Warnock 164 and Remembrance of the Genocide of the European Jews 6 Simon Wiesenthal von / by Romina Wiegemann 168 Joseph Wulf von / by Till Stumpf 172 Stephan Lehnstaedt Vergessene Forscherinnen / Forgotten Female Researchers 176 Galizien vor dem Holocaust. Minderheitenpolitik und ethnische von / by Nora Huberty Gewalt am Beispiel einer historischen Region Ostmitteleuropas Galicia Before the Holocaust: Minority Policies and Ethnic Violence Laura Jockusch Using the Example of a Historical Region in Eastern Central Europe 20 Sammeln, Aufschreiben und Erinnern: Historische Dokumentation in den Lagern für Displaced Persons in Deutschland Hans-Christian Jasch Collect, Write, and Remember: Historic Documentation in the „The crime without a name“ – Erste Berichte über den Judenmord Displaced Persons Camps in Germany 184 in der westlichen Welt “The crime without a name” – Initial Reports on the Genocide of Stephan Stach the Jews in the Western World 42 Die Zentrale Jüdische Historische Kommission und das Jüdische Historische Institut in Polen Verfolgen und Aufklären. The Central Jewish Historical Commission and the Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Jewish Historical Institute in Poland 208 Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers 72 Katrin Stoll Die deutschen Verbrechen bezeugen. Forschen / Documentation von / by Romina Wiegemann, Nora Huberty 74 Jüdische Zeugnisse der Shoah aus Polen Erinnern / Commemoration von / by Nicole Calian, Lea Feibusch 82 Bearing Witness to German Crimes: Verfolgen / Prosecution von / by Till Stumpf 90 Jewish Testimonies of the Shoah from Poland 232 Biografien / Biographies: Hans-Christian Jasch Rachel Auerbach von / by Nora Huberty 100 Der „Jewish Case“ in Nürnberg: Nachman Blumental von / by Nora Huberty 104 Ein Versuch der Ahndung des Judenmordes Louis de Jong von / by Nicole Calian 108 The “Jewish Case” in Nuremberg: Attempting to Prosecute the Holocaust 262 llja Ehrenburg / Wassili Grossman von / by Lea Feibusch 112 Philip Friedman von / by Lea Feibusch 116 Christine Schmidt, Ben Barkow Tuviah Friedman von / by Nicole Calian 120 Frühe Holocaustforschung, „Zeugnis“ und die Wiener Library Maria Hochberg-Maria´nska von / by Barbara Warnock 124 Early Holocaust Research, ‘Testimony’ and the Wiener Library 302 Hersch Lauterpacht von / by Till Stumpf 128 Raphael Lemkin von / by Till Stumpf 132 Nadav Heidecker Filip Müller von / by Barbara Warnock 136 Die Ursprünge von Holocaustgedenken und -forschung in Israel Léon Poliakov von / by Lea Feibusch 140 The Origins of Holocaust Commemoration and Research in Israel 328 Eva Reichmann von / by Barbara Warnock 144 Gerhart Riegner von / by Barbara Warnock 148 Impressum der Ausstellung / Imprint of the Exhibition 352 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Verfolgung, Aufklärung und Erinnerung des Persecution, Elucidation and Remembrance of Völkermords an den europäischen Juden the Genocide of the European Jews Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Zwischen 1939 und 1945 ermordeten die Deutschen und ihre Helfer in Europa Between 1939 and 1945, the Germans and their helpers murdered six million Jews annähernd sechs Millionen Jüdinnen und Juden. Der Holocaust zielte auf die throughout Europe. The Holocaust was aimed at the extermination of people, as well Vernichtung von Menschen ebenso wie auf die Zerstörung ihrer Kultur. Alle as at the destruction of their culture and the veiling of all traces of these crimes. Spuren des Verbrechens sollten getilgt werden. Jewish researchers attempted to counteract this complete “eradication” Dieser vollständigen „Auslöschung“ versuchten jüdische Forscherin- even as the murders were being committed. They documented this event by gath- nen und Forscher noch während des Mordens entgegenzuwirken. Durch das ering sources to visualize and remember the scale of the crimes and the exter- Sammeln von Zeugnissen dokumentierten sie das Geschehen, um die Dimensi- mination of Jewish life. In exile, as well as in life threatening conditions in the onen des Massenmordes und die Vernichtung jüdischer Lebenswelten sichtbar ghettos and camps, they carried out research, collected facts and preserved evi- zu machen und daran zu erinnern. Im Exil, aber auch unter lebensfeindlichen dence of the crimes. They founded archives and committees that continued their Bedingungen in den Ghettos und Lagern, erforschten sie die Taten, sammelten work after the end of the war. They wanted to document who was murdered and Fakten und sicherten Spuren. Sie gründeten Archive und Gremien, die nach to identify the killers. They wanted to remember the dead, to fathom the crimes, Kriegsende ihre Arbeit fortsetzten. Und sie wollten an die Ermordeten erin- to bring the perpetrators to justice and, at the same time, they wanted to make nern, die Shoah ergründen, die Täter vor Gericht stellen und gleichzeitig einen future genocides impossible. erneuten Genozid unmöglich machen. Driven by varying motives, these women and men from a variety of pro- Angetrieben von unterschiedlichen Motiven, widmeten sich diese fessional backgrounds dedicated themselves to the research and the commemora- Frauen und Männer mit vielfältigen beruflichen Hintergründen der Erfor- tion of the Holocaust. They thereby denied the criminals their final triumph: the schung und dem Gedenken an den Holocaust. Sie verweigerten damit den Ver- murder of millions did not fall into oblivion and did not go without consequence. brechern den endgültigen Triumph: Der millionenfache Mord fiel nicht dem Books, memorial sites, research institutes, trials and, last but not least, the Uni- Vergessen anheim und blieb nicht ohne Konsequenzen. Bücher, Gedenkstät- versal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Genocide Convention of 1948 were ten, Forschungsinstitute, Gerichtsprozesse und nicht zuletzt die Allgemeine results of their passionate dedication. Our contemporary knowledge of the Holo- Erklärung der Menschenrechte sowie die UN-Genozidkonvention von 1948 caust and the basis of our remembrance of the Holocaust are based on this legacy. waren Resultate ihres leidenschaftlichen Engagements. Auf diesem Vermächt- This book serves as a memorial to the lives and works of 22 of these pio- nis beruht unser heutiges Wissen und fußt die Erinnerung an den Holocaust. neers of Holocaust research. Names, like Rachel Auerbach, Raphael Lemkin, Mas- Der vorliegende Band setzt Leben und Arbeit von 21 dieser Pionierinnen simo Adolfo Vitale or Joseph Wulf serve as examples of a small group of tireless und Pioniere der Holocaustforschung ein Denkmal. Namen wie Rachel Auer- researchers. Under the most adverse conditions in the chaos of the war and post- bach, Raphael Lemkin, Massimo Adolfo Vitale oder Joseph Wulf stehen exem- war years and in the face of painful losses of their families and their homelands, plarisch für eine kleine Gruppe unermüdlicher Aufklärerinnen und Aufklärer. shunned from their environs with indifference and rejection, they created a foun- Ihre Arbeit fand unter widrigsten Bedingungen im Chaos der Kriegs- und dation for the universal recognition of the Holocaust as a crime against humanity. Nachkriegsjahre und im Angesicht des schmerzhaften Verlustes ihrer Ange- With this exhibition and this volume, their lives, reflections and con- hörigen und ihrer Heimat statt. Von ihrer Umwelt mit Gleichgültigkeit und cerns, as well as their methodological approaches to the records of a crime previ- Ablehnung gemieden, schufen sie die Grundlagen für die universelle Anerken- ously unheard of on this scale are reconstructed. At the time, it did not bear the nung des Holocaust als Menschheitsverbrechen. name, “Holocaust”; the survivors from Poland mostly referred to it in Yiddish as Mit der Ausstellung und dem Band sollen die Lebenswege, Überle- “Churbn”– destruction. gungen und Anliegen, aber auch die methodischen Zugriffe auf ied Überlie- Therefore, several texts from renowned academics contextualize the work ferungen zu einem in dieser Dimension bis dahin unbekannten Verbrechen of these pioneers. They exemplify the historical backgrounds of experience before rekonstruiert werden. Zur damaligen Zeit war der Name „Holocaust“ unbe- the Shoah, a time in which anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jews, in par- kannt; die Überlebenden aus Polen gebrauchten meist die jiddische Bezeich- ticular in Central
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Humanity in Doubt
    HUMANITY IN DOUBT REFLECTIONS AND ESSAYS Philip Weiss HUMANITY IN DOUBT HUMANITY IN DOUBT: REFLECTIONS AND ESSAYS Collection copyright © 2007 by Philip Weiss All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information and retrieval system know known or to be invented, without the permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in review. National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Weiss, Philip Humanity in DoubtlPhilip Weiss. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-9784713-0-9 1. 2. I. Title. Printed and bound in Canada First Edition To the vibrant Jewish community ofDrohobycz, Poland, that was, but is no more To my loved parents Solomon David and Cilia Weiss To my beloved wife Gertrude Weiss To my precious daughters Francie Winograd, Shelley Weiss and Beverly Schwartz To my dearest brother, Leo Weiss, and sister, Erna Kimmel, my soulmates and witnesses to the world gone mad To my most cherished gran children, Abby, Jill, and Richard Winograd; Evan and Erin Laroque, Michael and Lainie Schwartz, With Hope for a Peacefol and Tolerant Future CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................ , ............. 13 I. PERSONAL ODYSSEY My SPIRITUAL JoURNEY ................................. '" ................ 17 INTERVIEW ..................................................................... 51 II. EVIL TAKES ROOT THE VANISHED WORLD: THE GLORY AND DESTRUCTION OF POLISH JEWRy ..........................................................................71 THE VANISHED WORLD PART II: POLES AND JEWS, THEN AND Now .. 85 THE TRAVAILS, TRIUMPHS AND TRAGEDY OF GERMAN JEWRY ....... 99 THE CONDEMNED MASTERS OF THE GHETTOS ... '" ................... 125 POETRY OUT OF THE AsHES SMOKE .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4
    Supplemental Assets – Lesson 4 The following resources are from the archives at Yad Vashem and can be used to supplement Lesson 4, The Ghettos, in Echoes and Reflections. The Ghettos In this lesson, you learn about the ghettos established throughout Nazi Europe and study primary sources from the Lodz ghetto in Poland. For more information about the Lodz ghetto, as well as other ghettos established during the Holocaust, click here. In this lesson, you meet Joseph Morton. Here is a Page of Testimony about Zisle Mortkowitz, Joseph’s mother. Key Words • Ghetto • Judenrat • Ressortes • Third Reich Encyclopedia • Bialystok • Biebow, Hans • Bohemia and Moravia, Protectorate of • Deportations • Extermination Camp • Forced Labor • Kovno • Lodz • Rumkowski, Mordechai Chaim • Vilna Historical Background • Cracow Ghetto • Lublin • Theresienstadt • Warsaw Ghetto Photographs • Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Entrance to the Ghetto • Checiny, Poland, Abraham Ring with Members of the Judenrat in the Ghetto • Kovno, Lithuania, Dr. Elchanan Elkes, Head of the Judenrat, in His Office • Kovno, Lithuania - Children on the Street in the Ghetto • Krakow, Poland, On the Bridge Leading to the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Policemen in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Rumkowski Blessing a Bride and Groom • Lodz, Poland, Street Scene in the Ghetto • Lodz, Poland, Awaiting Deportation • Lodz, Poland, 1941, Chaim Mordechai Rumkowski with Graduates from the Gymnasium (high school) • Lublin, Poland, Deportation of Jews to the Ghetto • Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, Children Donning
    [Show full text]
  • Life in the Ghetto of Lodz
    Life in the Ghetto of Lodz The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Life in the ghetto of Lodz Life in the ghetto of Lodz A ”special area” for Jews Three weeks after the invasion of Poland Reinhard Heydrich, leader of the security service in Nazi Germany, instructed the so called Einsatzgruppen that the Jews should be concentrated in special areas Vashem© Yad and that this was neccesary in order to accomplish the “final goal”, i.e. to get rid of all the Jews. Therefore Artur Greiser and Friedrich Uebelhoer, Nazi leaders for Wartheland, where Jakob was born, acted according to this intent when they started planning for a special living area for Jews in Lodz. The planning of the ghetto started in December 1939. The authorities sent a message to the Jewish Community instructing them on how the resettlement should be carried out. The assigned area included the Old City, where many Jews already lived, and part of the district Baluty in the outskirts of the city, representing a total area of 4.13 square kilometers. Both areas were poor and run-down. Most of the houses Arthur Greiser, leader of the Wartheland region. did not have running water or sewage. To isolate the area and keep the non-Jewish population out large signs were posted at the entrances, warning people of epidemics and illnesses in the Jewish settlement area.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
    Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität
    [Show full text]
  • Yom Hashoah Rabbi Michael Berenbaum
    4607-ZIG-Walking with JEWISH CALENDAR [cover]_Cover 8/17/10 3:47 PM Page 1 The Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies Walking with the Jewish Calendar Edited By Rabbi Bradley Shavit Artson ogb hfrsand vhfrsRachel Miriam Safman 4607-ZIG-WALKING WITH JEWISH CALENDAR-P_ZIG-Walking with 8/17/10 3:47 PM Page 116 YOM HASHOAH RABBI MICHAEL BERENBAUM INTRODUCTION he Jewish Calendar had been remarkably stable for many centuries until the two great upheavals of the 20th Tcentury – the Shoah and the establishment of the state of Israel. Both monumental events reshaped Jewish history and transformed Jewish memory; thus, each in their own way required inclusion in the Jewish calendar. My focus will be on Yom Hashoah v’Hagevurah, Holocaust and Heroism Days as it is formally known in Israel where it was first established by a resolution of the Knesset. We shall return to the title shortly. Commemoration of what we now call the Shoah, the Holocaust, but what was then called by the Jews who experienced it “the Churban,” began even during the war and most certainly took on a communal character immediately after the war ended in the Displaced Persons (DP) camps of Europe as the remnant that survived, the Shearit Hapleitah used even their first months of freedom to begin coming to terms with what had happened. Though it was clear at that point that the Churban would be commemorated, it was unclear when and according to whose calendar. That is to say, should the commemoration be observed in secular time or Jewish sacred time? The massacre of European Jewry was something that happened day by day for three years and ten months.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Die Juden Schießen!' Translations by Hermann Adler and Wolf Biermann
    Edinburgh Research Explorer 'Die Juden schiessen!' Citation for published version: Davies, P 2014, ''Die Juden schiessen!': Translations by Hermann Adler and Wolf Biermann of Yitzhak Katzenelson's epic poem of the Warsaw Ghetto', Modern Language Review, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 708-725. https://doi.org/10.5699/modelangrevi.109.3.0708 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.5699/modelangrevi.109.3.0708 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Modern Language Review Publisher Rights Statement: ©Davies, P. (2014). 'Die Juden schiessen!': Translations by Hermann Adler and Wolf Biermann of Yitzhak Katzenelson's Epic Poem of the Warsaw Ghetto. Modern Language Review, 109(3), 708-725. 10.5699/modelangrevi.109.3.0708 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 ‘Die Juden schießen!’ Translations by Hermann Adler and Wolf Biermann of Yitzhak Katzenelson's Epic Poem of the Warsaw Ghetto Author(s): Peter Davies Source: The Modern Language Review, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland During World War II1
    July 2008 Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland during World War II1 Mark Paul Collaboration with the Germans in occupied Poland is a topic that has not been adequately explored by historians.2 Holocaust literature has dwelled almost exclusively on the conduct of Poles toward Jews and has often arrived at sweeping and unjustified conclusions. At the same time, with a few notable exceptions such as Isaiah Trunk3 and Raul Hilberg,4 whose findings confirmed what Hannah Arendt had written about 1 This is a much expanded work in progress which builds on a brief overview that appeared in the collective work The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki: An Overview of Polish-Jewish Relations in Northeastern Poland during World War II (Toronto and Chicago: The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998), Part Two, 231–40. The examples cited are far from exhaustive and represent only a selection of documentary sources in the author’s possession. 2 Tadeusz Piotrowski has done some pioneering work in this area in his Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces, and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1998). Chapters 3 and 4 of this important study deal with Jewish and Polish collaboration respectively. Piotrowski’s methodology, which looks at the behaviour of the various nationalities inhabiting interwar Poland, rather than focusing on just one of them of the isolation, provides context that is sorely lacking in other works. For an earlier treatment see Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), chapter 4.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Yiddish Songs of the Shoah: A Source Study Based on the Collections of Shmerke Kaczerginski Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x72f9t5 Author Werb, Bret Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Yiddish Songs of the Shoah A Source Study Based on the Collections of Shmerke Kaczerginski A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Bret Charles Werb 2014 Copyright © Bret Charles Werb 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Yiddish Songs of the Shoah A Source Study Based on the Collections of Shmerke Kaczerginski by Bret Charles Werb Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Timothy Rice, Chair This study examines the repertoire of Yiddish-language Shoah (or Holocaust) songs prepared for publication between the years 1945 and 1949, focusing its attention on the work of the most influential individual song collector, Shmerke Kaczerginski (1908-1954). Although a number of initiatives to preserve the “sung folklore” of the Nazi ghettos and camps were undertaken soon after the end of the Second World War, Kaczerginski’s magnum opus, the anthology Lider fun di getos un lagern (Songs of the Ghettos and Camps), published in New York in 1948, remains unsurpassed to this day as a resource for research in the field of Jewish folk and popular music of the Holocaust period. ii Chapter one of the dissertation recounts Kaczerginski’s life story, from his underprivileged childhood in Vilna, Imperial Russia (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania), to his tragic early death in Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Jasiński on Finder and Prusin, 'Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland'
    H-Poland Jasiński on Finder and Prusin, 'Justice behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland' Review published on Tuesday, April 30, 2019 Gabriel N. Finder, Alexander V. Prusin. Justice behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland. German and European Studies Series. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. 400 pp. $90.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-4426-3745-0; $34.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1-4875-2268-1. Reviewed by Łukasz Jasiński (Muzeum Miasta Gdyni, Poland) Published on H-Poland (April, 2019) Commissioned by Anna Muller (University of Michigan - Dearborn) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53400 The question of postwar trials of war criminals and collaborators has been a subject of interest of many scholars from different countries. Numerous books and articles have been published on such topics as the Nuremberg trials, the trials in the Far East, and legal purges of war criminals and collaborators. Among these publications, however, we can barely find any works devoted to trials that took place in postwar Poland. Poland, which suffered almost six years of brutal German occupation as well as Soviet occupation of its eastern territories, became after 1945 a site of various legal proceedings aimed at punishing perpetrators and collaborators. These proceedings were conducted simultaneously with political trials of opponents of communist power. Existing literature on Polish retribution has offered only superficial analysis in the form of articles or works from the 1960s and 1970s often published by the Main Commission for the Investigation of German (since 1949 Hitlerite) War Crimes in Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Stefan Konstańczak1 Introduction the Holocaust Can Hardly Be Analysed
    Ethics & Bioethics (in Central Europe), 2019, 9 (3–4), 181–189 DOI:10.2478/ebce-2019-0022 On the testimony of the Holocaust in literature and ethics Stefan Konstańczak1 Abstract In the article, the author analyses the impact of the tragic experiences during the Holocaust on contemporary ethics and literature. Such considerations coincide with yet another anniversary – the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, celebrated globally as Holocaust Memorial Day. The article also considers the reasons why testimonies from Holocaust survivors have not had an adequate impact on society. The author argues that trivialisation of the Holocaust tragedy occurred in modern science and it is related to the fact that traditional ethics has not been able to convincingly explain why the Holocaust occurred in the most civilised nations. Thus, Holocaust testimonies should be constantly popularised in society for the good of all mankind. Literature seems to be the best form of mass media for this task and it is also a recorder of human emotions. According to the author, it is essential that humanity is protected this way against the possibility of a similar tragedy occurring in the future. Keywords: Holocaust, ethics, literature, Itzhak Katzenelson, Holocaust Memorial Day Introduction The Holocaust can hardly be analysed scientifically, because this greatest tragedy in the history of humanity took place in agreement with law. Paradoxically it was sanctioned by the entire machine of the German state, existing legally and widely accepted in the world. No one expected then, that a civilised state and its society could lose its humanity. In political reality based on mathematics and economy there was no room for ordinary human empathy and support for the weak which is referred to in all ethics.
    [Show full text]
  • Commemoration Program
    COMMEMORATION PROGRAM The author of the drawing used as the logo for the commemorations, which represents a silhouette of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - the tallest building on the terrain of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto - and the bridge on Zgierska, is Abraham Koplowicz. He was born on 18 February 1930 in Łódź, the only child of Mendel and Yochet Gittel Koplowicz. Taken from the ghetto along with his parents on the last transport to Auschwitz, he perished in the gas chamber in September 1944. Eliezer Grynfeld, whose mother married after the war Mendel Koplowicz, found after the dead of his stepfather several memorabilia, including a school exercise book with a hand-drawn illustration on the cover along with the title “Litzmannstadt-Ghetto 1943” and the words: A. KOPLOWICZ “HIS OWN WORKS”. Our thanks to Mr Eliezer Grynfeld for providing the illus- tration and family photographs. Litzmannstadt Ghetto (1940-1944) In February 1940 the German chief of Łódź police issued January 1942 saw mass deportations begin from Łódź to an order that a special district for Jews was to be created the Kulmhof extermination camp (Chełmno on Ner). Be- in the north of the city. Jews had to leave their homes tween January and September over 70,000 people were in other parts of Łódź to live in Bałuty and Stare Miasto murdered there by the Germans. The most important (the Old City). At the same time Poles and Germans were moment in the history of the ghetto was the so-called forced to move out of the area designated only for Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Primary Sources to Develop an Understanding About the Holocaust: Curriculum Project
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 439 035 SO 030 773 AUTHOR Wukitch, Lauren . TITLE Using Primary Sources To Develop an Understanding about the Holocaust: Curriculum Project. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad Program 1998 (Hungary/Poland). SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1998-10-25 NOTE 120p.; For other projects from the 1998 Hungary/Poland Program, see SO 030 774-781. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Anti Semitism; *Cultural Context; *European History; Foreign Countries; Grade 10; High Schools; *Jews; *Nazism; *Primary Sources; Social Studies; *World War II IDENTIFIERS Europe; Fulbright Hays Seminars Abroad Program; Hitler (Adolf); *Holocaust; Hungary; Poland ABSTRACT This Holocaust curriculum project is designed for a 10th grade world cultures class that meets for 80 minutes per day during one semester. The students use selected primary sources including poems, diary excerpts, and a short novel written by victims and survivors of the Holocaust. They also examine profiles about the rescuers. Additional documentaries and films also may be integrated into the unit as time'and resources permit. The curriculum project is divided into the following sections: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Objectives";. (3)"Teaching Strategy"; (4) "Materials"; (5) "Questions"; (6) "Evaluation"; (7) "Appendix A: Selected Poems"; (8) "Appendix B: 'Learning about the Holocaust: A Resource Booklet for Students'" which also contains a Holocaust chronology; (9) "Appendix C: Diary Excerpt from the Lodz Ghetto";(10) "Appendix D: Diary Excerpt written by Mary Berg"; (11) "Appendix E: Profile on Jan Karski";(12) "Appendix F: Profile on Gustav Mikulai"; and (13) "Appendix G: Profile on Alex and Mela Rosen." (Contains 23 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]