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Verfolgen Und Aufklären. Die Erste Generation Der Holocaustforschung

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Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Verfolgen und Aufklären. Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers Hans-Christian Jasch Stephan Lehnstaedt (Hrsg./ Editors) Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte ISBN: 978-3-86331-467-5 Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz © 2019 Metropol Verlag Ansbacher Str. 70 · D–10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin Inhalt / Content Seite / Page Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Emanuel Ringelblum von / by Romina Wiegemann 152 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – Verfolgung, Aufklärung Jacob Robinson von / by Romina Wiegemann 156 und Erinnerung des Völkermords an den europäischen Juden Massimo Adolfo Vitale von / by Nicole Calian 160 The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Persecution, Elucidation Alfred Wiener von / by Barbara Warnock 164 and Remembrance of the Genocide of the European Jews 6 Simon Wiesenthal von / by Romina Wiegemann 168 Joseph Wulf von / by Till Stumpf 172 Stephan Lehnstaedt Vergessene Forscherinnen / Forgotten Female Researchers 176 Galizien vor dem Holocaust. Minderheitenpolitik und ethnische von / by Nora Huberty Gewalt am Beispiel einer historischen Region Ostmitteleuropas Galicia Before the Holocaust: Minority Policies and Ethnic Violence Laura Jockusch Using the Example of a Historical Region in Eastern Central Europe 20 Sammeln, Aufschreiben und Erinnern: Historische Dokumentation in den Lagern für Displaced Persons in Deutschland Hans-Christian Jasch Collect, Write, and Remember: Historic Documentation in the „The crime without a name“ – Erste Berichte über den Judenmord Displaced Persons Camps in Germany 184 in der westlichen Welt “The crime without a name” – Initial Reports on the Genocide of Stephan Stach the Jews in the Western World 42 Die Zentrale Jüdische Historische Kommission und das Jüdische Historische Institut in Polen Verfolgen und Aufklären. The Central Jewish Historical Commission and the Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung Jewish Historical Institute in Poland 208 Crimes Uncovered. The First Generation of Holocaust Researchers 72 Katrin Stoll Die deutschen Verbrechen bezeugen. Forschen / Documentation von / by Romina Wiegemann, Nora Huberty 74 Jüdische Zeugnisse der Shoah aus Polen Erinnern / Commemoration von / by Nicole Calian, Lea Feibusch 82 Bearing Witness to German Crimes: Verfolgen / Prosecution von / by Till Stumpf 90 Jewish Testimonies of the Shoah from Poland 232 Biografien / Biographies: Hans-Christian Jasch Rachel Auerbach von / by Nora Huberty 100 Der „Jewish Case“ in Nürnberg: Nachman Blumental von / by Nora Huberty 104 Ein Versuch der Ahndung des Judenmordes Louis de Jong von / by Nicole Calian 108 The “Jewish Case” in Nuremberg: Attempting to Prosecute the Holocaust 262 llja Ehrenburg / Wassili Grossman von / by Lea Feibusch 112 Philip Friedman von / by Lea Feibusch 116 Christine Schmidt, Ben Barkow Tuviah Friedman von / by Nicole Calian 120 Frühe Holocaustforschung, „Zeugnis“ und die Wiener Library Maria Hochberg-Maria´nska von / by Barbara Warnock 124 Early Holocaust Research, ‘Testimony’ and the Wiener Library 302 Hersch Lauterpacht von / by Till Stumpf 128 Raphael Lemkin von / by Till Stumpf 132 Nadav Heidecker Filip Müller von / by Barbara Warnock 136 Die Ursprünge von Holocaustgedenken und -forschung in Israel Léon Poliakov von / by Lea Feibusch 140 The Origins of Holocaust Commemoration and Research in Israel 328 Eva Reichmann von / by Barbara Warnock 144 Gerhart Riegner von / by Barbara Warnock 148 Impressum der Ausstellung / Imprint of the Exhibition 352 Die erste Generation der Holocaustforschung – The First Generation of Holocaust Research – Verfolgung, Aufklärung und Erinnerung des Persecution, Elucidation and Remembrance of Völkermords an den europäischen Juden the Genocide of the European Jews Hans-Christian Jasch, Stephan Lehnstaedt Zwischen 1939 und 1945 ermordeten die Deutschen und ihre Helfer in Europa Between 1939 and 1945, the Germans and their helpers murdered six million Jews annähernd sechs Millionen Jüdinnen und Juden. Der Holocaust zielte auf die throughout Europe. The Holocaust was aimed at the extermination of people, as well Vernichtung von Menschen ebenso wie auf die Zerstörung ihrer Kultur. Alle as at the destruction of their culture and the veiling of all traces of these crimes. Spuren des Verbrechens sollten getilgt werden. Jewish researchers attempted to counteract this complete “eradication” Dieser vollständigen „Auslöschung“ versuchten jüdische Forscherin- even as the murders were being committed. They documented this event by gath- nen und Forscher noch während des Mordens entgegenzuwirken. Durch das ering sources to visualize and remember the scale of the crimes and the exter- Sammeln von Zeugnissen dokumentierten sie das Geschehen, um die Dimensi- mination of Jewish life. In exile, as well as in life threatening conditions in the onen des Massenmordes und die Vernichtung jüdischer Lebenswelten sichtbar ghettos and camps, they carried out research, collected facts and preserved evi- zu machen und daran zu erinnern. Im Exil, aber auch unter lebensfeindlichen dence of the crimes. They founded archives and committees that continued their Bedingungen in den Ghettos und Lagern, erforschten sie die Taten, sammelten work after the end of the war. They wanted to document who was murdered and Fakten und sicherten Spuren. Sie gründeten Archive und Gremien, die nach to identify the killers. They wanted to remember the dead, to fathom the crimes, Kriegsende ihre Arbeit fortsetzten. Und sie wollten an die Ermordeten erin- to bring the perpetrators to justice and, at the same time, they wanted to make nern, die Shoah ergründen, die Täter vor Gericht stellen und gleichzeitig einen future genocides impossible. erneuten Genozid unmöglich machen. Driven by varying motives, these women and men from a variety of pro- Angetrieben von unterschiedlichen Motiven, widmeten sich diese fessional backgrounds dedicated themselves to the research and the commemora- Frauen und Männer mit vielfältigen beruflichen Hintergründen der Erfor- tion of the Holocaust. They thereby denied the criminals their final triumph: the schung und dem Gedenken an den Holocaust. Sie verweigerten damit den Ver- murder of millions did not fall into oblivion and did not go without consequence. brechern den endgültigen Triumph: Der millionenfache Mord fiel nicht dem Books, memorial sites, research institutes, trials and, last but not least, the Uni- Vergessen anheim und blieb nicht ohne Konsequenzen. Bücher, Gedenkstät- versal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Genocide Convention of 1948 were ten, Forschungsinstitute, Gerichtsprozesse und nicht zuletzt die Allgemeine results of their passionate dedication. Our contemporary knowledge of the Holo- Erklärung der Menschenrechte sowie die UN-Genozidkonvention von 1948 caust and the basis of our remembrance of the Holocaust are based on this legacy. waren Resultate ihres leidenschaftlichen Engagements. Auf diesem Vermächt- This book serves as a memorial to the lives and works of 22 of these pio- nis beruht unser heutiges Wissen und fußt die Erinnerung an den Holocaust. neers of Holocaust research. Names, like Rachel Auerbach, Raphael Lemkin, Mas- Der vorliegende Band setzt Leben und Arbeit von 21 dieser Pionierinnen simo Adolfo Vitale or Joseph Wulf serve as examples of a small group of tireless und Pioniere der Holocaustforschung ein Denkmal. Namen wie Rachel Auer- researchers. Under the most adverse conditions in the chaos of the war and post- bach, Raphael Lemkin, Massimo Adolfo Vitale oder Joseph Wulf stehen exem- war years and in the face of painful losses of their families and their homelands, plarisch für eine kleine Gruppe unermüdlicher Aufklärerinnen und Aufklärer. shunned from their environs with indifference and rejection, they created a foun- Ihre Arbeit fand unter widrigsten Bedingungen im Chaos der Kriegs- und dation for the universal recognition of the Holocaust as a crime against humanity. Nachkriegsjahre und im Angesicht des schmerzhaften Verlustes ihrer Ange- With this exhibition and this volume, their lives, reflections and con- hörigen und ihrer Heimat statt. Von ihrer Umwelt mit Gleichgültigkeit und cerns, as well as their methodological approaches to the records of a crime previ- Ablehnung gemieden, schufen sie die Grundlagen für die universelle Anerken- ously unheard of on this scale are reconstructed. At the time, it did not bear the nung des Holocaust als Menschheitsverbrechen. name, “Holocaust”; the survivors from Poland mostly referred to it in Yiddish as Mit der Ausstellung und dem Band sollen die Lebenswege, Überle- “Churbn”– destruction. gungen und Anliegen, aber auch die methodischen Zugriffe auf ied Überlie- Therefore, several texts from renowned academics contextualize the work ferungen zu einem in dieser Dimension bis dahin unbekannten Verbrechen of these pioneers. They exemplify the historical backgrounds of experience before rekonstruiert werden. Zur damaligen Zeit war der Name „Holocaust“ unbe- the Shoah, a time in which anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jews, in par- kannt; die Überlebenden aus Polen gebrauchten meist die jiddische Bezeich- ticular in Central
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