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Brenner Basistunnel: Aktueller Stand Brenner Base Tunnel 6 Österreich Austria Tunnel 1/2010 Brenner Basistunnel: Brenner Base Tunnel: Aktueller Stand Stage reached by Construction Prof. K. Bergmeister Prof. K. Bergmeister Am Projekt Brenner Basistunnel werden derzeit Currently the exploratory tunnel sections are die Erkundungsstollenabschnitte gebaut und being produced for the Brenner Base Tunnel demnächst die übergeordnete Leitplanung project and the guide design for the main (guide design) für den Haupttunnel begonnen. tunnel is to be embarked on in the near future. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über The following report provides an overview den Stand der Arbeiten. pertaining to the stage reached by construction. 1 Die TEN-Achse von die Stadt Bozen soll mit einem 1 The TEN Axis from zensfeste Station. The new rail Berlin nach Palermo etwa 14 km langen Tunnel um- Berlin to Palermo route joins up with the existing fahren werden. Ein wichtiger Innsbruck bypass thus creating Das grenzüberschreitende Abschnitt ist die Strecke zwi- The trans-border European a 62.5 km long underground europäische Prioritätsprojekt schen Waidbruck/Ponte Garde- priority scheme TEN Project tunnel link. The bypass at TEN-Projekt Nr. 1 stellt eine na und Franzensfeste/Fortezza. No. 1 represents a roughly Innsbruck joins up with the etwa 2200 km lange Eisen- Die Bestandsstrecke weist dort 2,200 km long high-speed rail- 41 km long Lower Inn Valley bahn-Hochleistungsstrecke zwi- eine Steigung von 23 ‰ auf. way route between Berlin/D route between Baumkirchen schen Berlin/D und Palermo/I Im Bahnhof Franzensfeste and Palermo/I. Between Berlin and Kundl, which is scheduled dar. Im Abschnitt zwischen beginnt der 55 km lange Bren- and Naples/I ¾ of the 1,600 km to be completed and in opera- Berlin und Neapel/I sind auf ei- ner Basistunnel [1]. Die neue section is already under con- tion by 2012. ner Länge von über 1600 km Eisenbahnverbindung bindet in struction or in operation. A programme of action was bereits ¾ in Bau oder in Be- die bestehende Umfahrung von The southern section be- signed by all 3 member states trieb. Innsbruck ein, womit eine tween Verona and Naples start- on May 18th, 2009 to support Der südliche Abschnitt zwi- 62,5 km lange unterirdische ed operating in its entirety in time-related development and schen Verona und Neapel wurde Tunnelverbindung entsteht. Die December 2009 when the part- to push through the relevant nun vollständig mit dem letzten Umfahrung bei Innsbruck mün- section between Bologna and political measures for transfer- Teilstück zwischen Bologna und det in die 41 km lange Unter- Florence was fi nished. Five pri- ring traffi c from road to rail. The Florenz im Dezember 2009 in inntaltrasse zwischen Baum- ority sections were defi ned from 3 member states and the 5 af- Betrieb genommen. Von Verona kirchen und Kundl ein. Diese Verona to Franzensfeste. These fected regions and the railway nach Franzensfeste wurden soll im Jahre 2012 fertig ge- include the access to Verona operators are committed to 5 prioritäre Abschnitte defi - baut und in Betrieb gesetzt wer- and the underground bypass- putting this programme into niert. Dabei handelt es sich um den. ing of Trient and Rovereto. The practice according to schedule die Einfahrt nach Verona und Zur politischen Unterstüt- fi rst geological studies, the fea- (Fig. 1). die unterirdische Umfahrung zung eines zeitgerechten Aus- sibility study and the route von Trient und Rovereto. Für baus und zur Durchsetzung der alignment were completed for 2 Current Knowledge den Abschnitt im Südtiroler rahmenpolitischen Maßnahmen the section in the Tyrolean low- of the Geology – Unterland wurden die ersten für eine Verkehrsverlagerung land. The city of Bozen is also to Hydrogeology geologischen Studien, die Mach- von der Straße auf die Schiene be bypassed by a roughly 14 km barkeitsstudie und die Tras- wurden von allen 3 Mitglieds- long tunnel. The section be- In geographical terms the senfi ndung abgeschlossen. Auch staaten am 18. Mai 2009 in tween Waidbruck/Ponte Garde- entire length of the planned Rom ein Aktionsprogramm un- na and Franzensfeste/Fortezza terschrieben, das von den is an important one. There the O. Univ. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. phil. 3 Mitgliedsstaaten, den 5 be- existing route possesses a Dr. techn. M. Sc. Konrad troffenen Regionen und den 23 ‰ gradient. Prof. Konrad Bergmeister, Bergmeister, Vorstand Brenner Bahnbetreibern zeitgerecht um- The 55 km long Brenner Board of the Brenner Base Basistunnel SE, Innsbruck/A gesetzt werden muss (Bild 1). Base Tunnel [1] starts at Fran- Tunnel, Innsbruck/A Tunnel 1/2010 Brenner Basistunnel Brenner Base Tunnel 7 2 Derzeitige Kenntnis der Geologie – Hydrogeologie Der geplante Brenner Basis- tunnel führt in seiner Gesamt- länge geografi sch durch den zentralen Bereich der Ostalpen, geologisch hingegen durch das empor gewölbte Zentrum der Kollisionszone der europäischen und adriatischen (afrikanischen) Platten, die in Form mehrerer übereinander gestapelter De- cken vorliegen. Der Tunnel quert dabei das Tauernfenster, das infolge der angesprochenen Emporwölbung Einblick in den tieferen Krustenbereich der Ostalpen gewährt. Die großtek- tonischen Einheiten entlang der gesamten Tunneltrasse sind von Norden nach Süden das Unter- ostalpin, die penninischen De- cken des Tauernfensters, eine schmale Zone mit Oberostalpin 1 TEN-Achse Nr. 1 zwischen Berlin und Palermo und tertiären Intrusivgesteinen 1 TEN axis No. 1 between Berlin and Palermo im S des Tauernfensters und das Südalpin (Bild 2). bestehenden Umfahrungstun- Brenner Base Tunnel runs process the tunnel crosses the Betrachten wir nun die ge- nels von Innsbruck ein neuer through the central area of the Tauern Window, which provides radlinige Wegführung des Tun- Rettungsstollen mit ca. 5,3 km eastern Alps. However, geologi- an insight into the deeper crust nels von Innsbruck (km 0) bis Länge gebaut. cally speaking it passes through zone of the eastern Alps on ac- nach Franzensfeste (km 55). { 0 bis Km 14: Unterostalpin/ the ascending arched centre of count of the arched eff ect that Innsbrucker Quarzphyllitzone the collision zone between the was referred to. From north to Innsbrucker Quarzphyllite Analog zum Inntaltunnel European and Adriatic (African) south along the entire tunnel bis Km 14 wird außerhalb von Störzonen plates, which are present in the route the major tectonic units { Im Bereich der Innsbrucker nachbrüchiges Gebirgsverhalten form of a number of nappes ly- are the Unterostalpin, the Pen- Quarzphyllite wird nördlich des erwartet, welches mit zuneh- ing on top of each other. In the ninic nappes of the Tauern 2 Geologischer Längsschnitt 2 Geological longitudinal section 8 Österreich Austria Tunnel 1/2010 mender Überlagerung in Scher- schen Kontakt in die Glockner- Window, a narrow zone with ginal fault the acute-angled versagen und bei Annäherung decke über. Die Glocknerdecke Oberostalpin and tertiary intru- faults of the north-south run- an das Tauernfenster zu Druck- besteht aus Bündnerschiefern, sive rocks in the S-shape of the ning normal faults result in sus- erscheinungen über geht. Ent- die abwechselnd von kalkrei- Tauern Window and the tained pressure phenomena. scheidend beeinfl usst wird das chen und kalkarmen Bündner- Südalpin (Fig. 2). { 19 to 28.5 km: Glockner Gebirgsverhalten von den Stö- schiefern gebildet sind. Inner- Let us now consider the nappe rungszonen. Die gering mäch- halb der Bündnerschiefer sind straight route alignment of the Slightly squeezing rock is to tigen querschlägig verlaufenden lokal Dolomit, Quarzite, An- tunnel from Innsbruck (km 0) to be expected in the southern Störungen wirken sich unterge- hydrite, Grauwacken und Seri- Franzensfeste (km 55). zone when encountering black ordnet aus. Kritisch sind die zitschiefern vorhanden. phyllites to an increasing extent, spitzwinkelig verlaufenden Die mit den kalkreichen Innsbruck Quartz Phyllite to whereas no high swelling pres- Wipptal-Abschiebungen und die Bündnerschiefern verbundenen km 14 sures will occur in the anhy- vermutete mächtige Ahrental- Durchlässigkeiten sind bei der { A new evacuation tunnel drites. störung, die Westfortsetzung Abwesenheit von Lösungsphä- with a length of some 5.3 km is Hydrogeologically speaking der im Inntaltunnel durchör- nomenen gering. Mit dem being built to the north of the the Innsbruck phyllite nappe terten mächtigen Lavierental- kalkarmen Bündnerschiefer ist existing bypass tunnel in the transforms to become the Störung. eine niedrige bis sehr niedrige Innsbruck quartz phyllite zone. Glockner nappe through hydro- In der Innsbrucker Quarz- Durchlässigkeit verbunden. An { 0 to 14 km: Unterostalpin/ geologically insignifi cant, duc- phyllitdecke gibt es kein bedeu- den Hauptstörungszonen kön- Innnsbruck quartz phyllite zone tile tectonic contact. The Glock- tendes Fließsystem. Nur in den nen die Durchlässigkeiten eine In similar fashion to the Inntal ner nappe constitutes Bündner Hauptstörungen können hö- erhebliche Zunahme erfahren. Tunnel crumbling rock behav- slates, which are formed from here Durchlässigkeiten auftre- Das kann im kalkreichen Bünd- iour is expected outside fault slates containing varying de- ten, womit aber wenig bedeu- nerschiefer auftreten, da sich in zones, which transforms to grees of lime. Within the slates, tende Fließsysteme verbunden den Schadenszonen Stellen mit shear failure as the overburden dolomites, quartzites, anhy- sind. chemischen Ablösungen bilden. increases and to pressure phe- drites, grey wackes and serizite Das Vorhandensein von bedeu- nomena when nearing the slates are
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