2019-2020

Knowledge Organiser

YEAR GROUP: 7 TERM: 2

NAME FORM

“Knowledge is a better weapon than a sword.” – Patricia Briggs Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 1 How to use your knowledge organiser You are expected to bring your knowledge organiser to the academy every day This knowledge organiser contains all the key knowledge that you need to know for your learning this term. You should spend at least 30 minutes every evening using the knowledge organiser to complete a learning homework. You should record the subject or subjects on the learning homework page and show this to your form tutor on a weekly basis. You will be tested in lessons on your learning from this knowledge organiser. In some lessons, your teacher will ask you to learn specific sections of the knowledge organiser, but otherwise you should work through each subject independently, trying to memorise the information in the booklet. The more you can remember, the more useful it will be for your lessons.

How to learn using a knowledge organiser The best way to use a knowledge organiser is to revise the information so that you can recall it when you are asked. The best methods to do this are: . Look, cover, write and check the key words and knowledge lists . Ask a family or friend member to test you on the knowledge . Create a mind map to remember the information in each section . Write down on a blank piece of paper as much as you can remember from the organiser . Use the knowledge organiser to help you complete work in school and at home

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 2 Art

Primary Colours are the 3 main colours. They cannot be made but are used to make other colours. Secondary Colours are made my mixing 2 primary colours together. Complementary Colours are opposite on the colour wheel. Harmonious Colours are next to each other on the colour wheel.

Tint – when you add white to a colour to make it lighter. Making Objects Look 3 Dimensional Colour- blending To prevent your drawings from looking flat, you should Shade – when you add black to make use a range of tones and marks. Pressing harder and

the colour darker. lighter and layering with your pencil creates different tones. Use the direction of your pencil to help enhance the 2D surface and you can include shadows which will also help objects appear 3 dimensional.

Key facts. • She is a modernist painter. • Created more that 2000+ artworks. • The first female painter to gain respect in New York's art world in the 1920s. • She exhibited her first artwork when she was 11 years old. Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 3 Computing

Algorithms Office Skills- Microsoft PowerPoint Key Vocabulary Definition Key Vocabulary Definition A presentation- It is a set of problem solving methods to solve based software Computational Thinking solutions for a program. which uses Microsoft slides to Algorithm A step by step process of instructions. PowerPoint present A diagram which demonstrates inputs, outputs and information and Flowchart processes of instructions images The I/O box is used combined.

when a question is A document which allows you to display information and asked to the user, or Slides Inputs/Outputs images together. or something is OUTPUT printed on the Master Slide Template slides to set the layout for the presentation.

screen. Hyperlinks A link that takes you from one place to the other The decision box is A new version of ClipArt which allows you to use the used when a Online Pictures Microsoft Search Engine to use pictures under the creative question can be Decision DECISION commons licence. asked in a program, A way of inserting audio into the PowerPoint to add special Sounds such as an IF…ELSE effects. statement. A way of animating the objects on the slide to move off their Animations The process box is own accord when presenting. used to A way of animating the slides to move off to move off their Process demonstrate what PROCESS Transitions own accord when presenting. happens as a result of the program.

The start and end Terminator TERMINATOR of a program

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 4 Computing

Animation

Key Vocabulary Definition

A program which allows the user to create Adobe Flash animations and videos

A program that allows the user to edit and create Adobe Fireworks images. Sometimes even animations

Storyboard A way to plan each stage of the animation per frame including ideas of information, audio and frame rate Frames are used in animation to move around objects. When you put them together they create an Frames animation. Layers We use layers in animation if we need to animate objects separately. It is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images, called key frames, to give the Tweening appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Convert to Symbol The Create Symbol command creates symbol definitions from drawing objects. A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any Key frames smooth transition

A motion tween is a type of Flash-generated animation that requires the use of symbols and is best for Motion Tween creating movement, size, and rotation changes, fades, and colour effects.

The frequency at which frames in a television picture, film, or video sequence are displayed Frame Rate

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 5 English Key Ideas: Folklore (noun)

. Folklore refers to the tales people tell – folk stories, tales, tall tales, and even urban legends. . Folklore is typically passed down by word of mouth, rather than being written in books (although sometimes people write down collections of folklore in order to preserve the stories of a particular community). . Folklore has no specific author – it just emerges from the culture and is carried forward by constant retelling.

Folklore (etymology) Folk, old English folc - common people, nation, tribe, relating to the people Lore, old English lar - learning, what is taught, knowledge, instruction

BRITISH FOLKLORE Main folklore characters we will be studying: - a monstrous dog, with huge teeth and claws, that appears only at night. It was believed that those who saw one clearly would die soon afterwards. - the Green Man is mainly associated with the symbol of rebirth, representing the cycle of growth each spring. Some say he is the ancient guardian of the forest. Grindylow - a Grindylow is a pale green water demon that lives in the weed beds at the bottom of lakes in Britain. The creature is described as humanoid in shape, with long arms, long, brittle fingers, sharp little horns and small green teeth. The Grindylow is said to use its long arms to grab people who venture too near the edge of ponds and marshes, pull them into the water and eat them. - a Goblin is a mischievous, and usually very unpleasant, vengeful, and greedy creature whose primary purpose is to cause trouble to humankind. Fairy - also spelled faerie or faery, a mythical being of folklore and romance usually having magic powers and dwelling on earth in close relationship with humans. - also spelled pixy, in the folklore of south-western England are tiny magical, elflike spirits who are often dressed in green and like to dance and play music. Their skin may be flesh-coloured, blue, or green. Their eyes and ears are often slightly pointed. Witch - a witch is a person who practices witchcraft, using magic spells and calling upon spirits for help or to bring about change. Most witches are thought to be pagans doing the Devil’s work. Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 6 English - The Weirdstone of Brisingamen by Alan Garner Important Information Name of Book: The Plot Weirdstone of Brisingamen When Susan and Colin explore Alderley Edge, they are chased by svarts and hunted by Date Published: 1960 Grimnir for a teardrop shaped stone that Susan has on her wrist. After meeting the wizard Author: Alan Garner Cadellin, they seek to recapture the stone and bring it to him. With the help of Fenodryree Genre: Fantasy / Adventure and Durathror, they begin their escape through Alderley Edge. Themes Courage, Determination, Curiosity, Strength, Friendship, Good Vs Evil and Loyalty. Setting The novel is set in the real landscape of Alderley Edge (Cheshire) and features fictional characters interacting with genuine sites such as open mine pits, the Beacon, the Wizard’s Inn, Castle Rock, Stormy Point, the Druid Stones and Old Quarry.

racters Cha Colin and Susan Protagonists - Made to stay with Bess and Gowther while their Key Vocabulary mother was sent to spend six months abroad with their father. What Can the Book Teach thrice archaic term for ‘three times’ or sometimes ‘extremely’ Gowther Mossock Friendly and trusting farmer that Colin and Susan were sent to. Us? a full-length, water-proof coat Bess Mossock Wife of Gowther Mossock who once owned the weirdstone. mackintosh Age does not define Selina Place Shape-shifting witch who wants to help Grimnir steal the Pennines a range o mountains and hills separating North West courage. England from Yorkshire and North East England stone and is also known as the Morrigan. to detach / remove yourself from something / someone Svart alfar Goblin-like small men who attack Susan and Colin. Imagination and magic can disassociate Cadellin Silverbrow Wizard attached to the legend of a white and 140 be found in nature. fissures a split, gap or vent magically sleeping soldiers until they need to be awoken. fatigue suffering from extreme tiredness and unable to Nastrond The Great Spirit of Darkness who was defeated by a king and Quotes continue a building or position which is strongly defended fled into Ragnarok still spreading black thoughts. ”The deed is nothing. It is stronghold Fenodyree guarding the iron gates and access to Cadellin. the thought that breeds dew-laden droplets of water forming all over something Grimnir Antagonist - The Hooded One who was wise but practiced the fear; and we achieve little by stagnant smelly water which has been left still for some time forbidden arts and black magic turned him into a monster. lingering.” acquaintances people who you know but do not consider close friends Hounds of the Like a bull terrier but four-feet high with white hair all over incredibly upset about something Morrigan (except red-haired ears) and has no eyes. “For three fatal seconds the distraught thick textile fabric with pictures / designs hung on walls Durathror A warrior dwarf with a forked beard and white feathered cloak. children stared, unable to tapestries Stromkarl young harp-playing, three-foot man who helps. think pallidly pale complexion / lack of interest Lios alfar of light, exiled from populated areas due to pollution. or move. And as they seldom not very often / low frequency Gaberlunzie Horse-riding traveller who helps Susan and Colin. faltered, the jaws of the trap a chaotic noise caused by a crowd of people hubbub closed hairpin a sharp, U-shaped bend about them.” nimbly to move in a nimble way (easily, quickly, lightly) rhododendron a type of plant from the heath family

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 7 Food and nutrition

What is the Eatwell Guide? The Eatwell Guide shows how much of what we eat overall should come from each food group to achieve a healthy, balanced diet. You do not need to achieve this balance with every meal, but try to get the balance right over a day or even a week. Recommended calorie intake for men: 2500 Recommended calories intake for women: 2000

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 8 Food and nutrition Healthy Eating There are 5 food groups: Fruits and vegetables Starchy foods and carbohydrates Protein Dairy and alternative Fats

The key to a healthy diet is to eat the right amount of calories for how active you are so you balance the energy you consume with the energy you use. If you eat or drink more than your body needs, you'll put on weight because the energy you do not use is stored as fat. If you eat and drink too little, you'll lose weight.

The NHS has recommended 8 healthy eating guidelines: 1. Base your meals on higher fibre starchy carbohydrates. 2. Eat lots of fruit and vegetables. 3. Eat more fish, including a portion of oily fish. 4. Cut down on saturated fat and sugar. 5. Eat less salt: no more than 6g a day for adults. 6. Get active and be a healthy weight. 7. Do not get thirsty. 8. Do not skip breakfast.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 9 Geography – Coasts Social—people Economic—money and jobs Environmental—natural world Key words Coastal Landforms Constructive Waves Destructive Waves Coast—The coast is a narrow zone where Headlands & Bays . Small—Gentle Waves . · Large—Powerful the land and the sea meet. It is varied and Cave . Strong swash waves rapidly changing Arch . Weak backwash . · Weak swash Stack Erosion - The process of wearing away the . Deposition . · Strong backwash Stump land Wave-cut platform . · Erosion Weathering—The effect that weather has on land Deposition – When transported material is dropped due to a lack of energy Transportation—The movement of eroded material Swash -When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach. Backwash—Then the water runs back down the beach Hard Engineering—Using large structures to defend the coast against erosion Soft Engineering—Using natural resources to restore and protect the coastline

Case Study—Holderness Coast Coastal Management Processes that shape the coast The Holderness Coast is one of Europe's . Groynes Types of erosion Types of transportation fastest eroding coastlines. . Sea Walls . Hydraulic . Traction The rate of erosion is around 2 metres per year. Firstly, It is caused by strong prevailing . Rock Armour Action . Saltation winds creating longshore drift that moves . Beach Replenishment . Abrasion . Suspension material south along the coastline. . Attrition . Solution

Secondly, cliffs are made of soft boulder clay . Solution which causes rapid erosion . Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 10 Geography – Ecosystems Social—people Economic—money and jobs Environmental—natural world Key words Decomposers—break down the dead and waste material in an ecosystem (eg, worms and bacteria) Consumer—organism that eats herbivores and/or plant matter Adapt—change to suit conditions; plants have adapted to suit the climate Buttress roots—large roots that grow partly above the ground, to support tall trees Deforestation—cutting down forests Ecosystem—a community of plants and animals that interact with each other (eg, forest or pond) Deforestation is the cutting down Biome—a very large ecosystem (eg, desert or tropical rainforest) trees on a large scale. This is often Nutrient—a substance needed for growth to stay healthy done for profit making reasons (eg, Vegetation—all the trees and plants growing in a place selling the wood/timber and palm Tropical Rainforests are found oil). Deforestation also takes place to on the Tropic of Cancer and the clear land for farming or Tropic of Capricorn (known as development (eg, housing & dams). the tropics). Tropical rainforest The environmental impacts of climates are warm and wet. deforestation include significant loss

Average rainfall is over 2000mm Plant ada[tations of animal habitats and biodiversity. a year and temperatures are . Waxy covering Deforestation also contributes to hot all year round (averaging . Spines for leaves climate change on a global scale. 27C). Rainforests are rich in . Long roots Trees absorb CO2 and produce vegetation and wildlife. Trees . Roots near surface Oxygen which is crucial in the battle

can grow up to 45 metre high . Die back during drought to reduce the effects of climate and millions of species are . Fast growing seeds change. Can store water found in the rainforests.

How do plants adapt in the rainforest? . A desert is an area that receives less than 250mm of rainfall per year. The climate is very hot with Rainforest have a shallow layer of fertile soil, so high pressure and a lack of cloud cover or rain. Temperatures are often freezing at night. Extreme trees only need shallow roots to reach the weather and a lack of water make deserts very challenging places to live. nutrients. However, shallow roots aren’t ghreat . Opportunities in deserts include renewable energy (eg, solar power) and tourism (eg, Las Vegas). for supporting huge rainforest trees, so many Farming is also possible with irrigation. Mining and mineral extraction can also provide economic tropical trees have developed buttress roots. opportunities. These stretch from the ground to two metres or more up the trunk, which help anchor the tree to the ground. Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 11 History – Medieval Era – Golden age or dark age? Key words c.750AD Baghdad is founded Medieval – used to describe the time between 1000-1485AD 1095AD The First Crusade Golden Age – a time of wealth and learning 1187AD Saladin, the Muslim leader, takes Jerusalem Dark Age – a time when nothing changed or improved back from the Christians Four humours – the idea that the human body is made up of four liquids: 1189– Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) goes on the yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. When they are out of balance, 1192AD Third Crusade you become ill. 1192AD Saladin and Richard I sign the Treaty of Jaffa. Dissection – careful cutting of a body to study the inside parts This leaves Jerusalem with the Muslims but Black Death – disease which killed 30-60% of Europe allows Christians to go through the city safely. Pope – the leader of the Catholic Church 1348AD Black Death comes to England Crusades – missions to the Middle East where Christians fought Muslims for

the Holy Lands

Black Death Golden age vs Dark Age Compare Christian (England) Islamic (Baghdad) Causes . Fleas on rats spread the disease . Came to England on trading boats from Asia (India . . Everyday The church controlled a Libraries and universities and China) large part of daily life . Markets which sold goods life . Bad hygiene in England . Towns were cramped and from across the world dirty . Spacious houses with gardens What did people . God – for people’s sin Medicine . Believed that disease was . Studied the 4 humours, came believe caused it? . Planets caused by the 4 up with their own theories . Jewish people were blamed for poisoning the water humours or God . Doctors were educated in How did they try to . Prayed . Doctors were educated universities cure Black Death? . Killed cats and dogs by the church . Had hospitals e.g. Egypt had a . Shaving a chicken and strapping it to the buboes . Would usually pray to hospital that could care for Crusade – key figures stop disease 8,000 people Saladin Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) . The church controlled a . Invented pharmacies, plasters few small hospitals and developed *Great military leader who *King of England but he spent all of . Little hygiene, the surgical tools became the first sultan of his reign fighting abroad. He was in government did very . Washed many times Egypt and Syria England for only 6 months little to keep the towns a day – more *Retook Jerusalem from the *Known for his bravery in battle clean. hygienic Christians after 88 years of and the fact he was a great warrior Christian rule. *Richard made the Treaty of Jaffa *Signed the Treaty of Jaffa with with Saladin Richard the Lionheart that allowed Christians safe passage to Jerusalem.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 12 History – The Tudors – 1485 – 1603 Timeline

Renaissance – time from about 1400-1700 where art and 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth and becomes King of learning were developed. People tried to make new England. discoveries. 1487 John Cabot sails from England to ‘discover’ North America. Monarch – a king or queen 1509 Henry VIII becomes king and marries his dead brother’s wife, Catherine of Aragon. Tyrant - A cruel, oppressive and controlling leader 1528- Henry VIII appeals to the pope to let him divorce his wife so he can marry Anne English Reformation – The English church changing from 1533 Boleyn but the pope will not let him. Henry ignores him and marries Anne in 1533 Catholic to Protestant 1534 Henry creates the ‘Church of England,’ separating from the Catholic church and Catholics - Christians that believe the Pope is the head of Henry makes himself head of the church. the church. Their churches are decorated. 1536 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer receives the first bible in English. Before they had all Protestants – Christians that do not believe the Pope can been in Latin. be the head of the church. Have plain, simple churches. 1547- Henry VIII dies and 9 year old Edward VI comes to the throne. He dies aged 15, 6 Martyr – someone who dies for their beliefs 1553 years later. Heretic - someone who goes against the word of God. 1553 Catholic Mary I becomes queen and makes the country Catholic. Propaganda - A message or piece of information that is 1558 Mary I dies and Elizabeth I becomes queen, she makes the church Protestant. designed to change people’s opinions 1577 Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates (sails around) the world. 1587 Elizabeth I executes her cousin Mary Queen of Scots for planning to kill Elizabeth. 1588 The English win a sea battle against the Spanish Armada. 1600 Britain sets up the East India Company and starts to trade with India.

Henry VII 1485-1509 Henry VIII 1509-1547 Edward VI 1547-1553 Mary I 1553-1558 Elizabeth I 1558-1603

* The first Tudor monarch. *Henry was famous for having 6 *Edward became king when he was *Mary was married to King Philip II * Elizabeth ruled for 45 years and *Ended the War of the Roses wives, 2 of whom were beheaded. 9 years old and died at the age of of Spain but had no children. kept England peaceful. between the House of Lancaster *Henry changed the church in 15. *Mary was Catholic and is known as *She never married and is known as and York. Brought peace to England from Catholic to Protestant, *He was Protestant. ‘Bloody Mary’ as she killed many the ‘Virgin Queen.’ England. making himself head of the English Protestants as she thought they *Her reign is known for the Armada Church. were heretics. and Shakespeare. *She used propaganda to demonstrate her power.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 13 Maths

Expressions Area and Perimeter Expression : 2푥 + 3푦 – 4 is an example of expression. Area of a rectangle = Height x Width Perimeter is the total length of all four Equation: 2푥 + 3푦 – 4 = 17 is an example of equation. An equation sides. has an “equal to” (=) sign. Area = 7 x 3 = 21 Perimeter = 7 + 7 + 3 + 3 = 20 cm Terms: In the above equation, 2푥, 3푦, −4 , 17 are terms. Terms are Area of a triangle = ½ base x perpendicular height separated by a plus or a minus sign.

Constant: (means that which doesn’t change/static) 17 is a constant.

Variable: in the above equation and expression, 푥 and 푦 are called variables. 푥 can have any number value like 2,3, -5…. Etc. Similarly 푦 can take any 1 cm = 10 mm number value. 1 cm2 = 100 mm2 2푥 means 2 times 푥 and not 2 plus 푥 1 m = 100 cm

1 m2 = 10,000 cm2 Coefficient: In the above examples, 2 and 3 are coefficient. It is the number which is multiplying to 푥 and 푦

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 14 Maths

Angles – What we learnt in the last Probability – What we learnt in the last term term The total angles on a straight line is 180o o The total angles around a point is 360 The sum of all angles in a triangle is 180o The sum of all angles in a quadrilateral is 360o Probability is measured on a scale from Zero to one.

. Angle 1 is named as angle TVS. Angle 2 is angle SVR When a fair dice with six faces numbered 1 to 6 is thrown, the probability An angle more than 90o is called obtuse angle. of getting 2 is 1/6. Similarly, the probability of getting an even number is An angle less than 90 o is called acute angle. 3/6=1/2 If the sum of two angles is 180, they are called supplementary angle. When a fair coin is tossed, the probability of getting a head or a tail is equal and is ½ = 0.5.

The protractor is used to measure angles. On the left hand side, the measured angle is 120o

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 15 Performing Arts – Dance Health and Safety in Dance In every dance lesson you must ensure that you adhere to all health and safety regulations. This includes bringing trainers and warming yourself up correctly. KEY QUESTION: Why do we warm up in dance? ANSWER: To prepare the body for physical activity and to avoid injuries. Warm Up Sections Example Activities 1. Pulse Raiser Star Jumps A pulse raiser is a series of cardiovascular activities which increase your heart Jogging on the spot rate and the blood flow around your body. Burpees Power walking 2. Mobility Turning your head side to side Mobilisation is a series of activities which loosen your joints in preparation for Making circular motions with the arms, wrists, ankles movement. and shoulders. 3. Stretches Straddle Stretch Exercises to stretch the muscles in order to prepare them for movement. Top Hamstring Stretch Tip: Stretching regularly can improve your flexibility. Oblique stretch

Performance skills: Performance skills are the skills that allow you to engage and connect with your audience Timing Performing the correct movement at the correct time. This should be in time with your group Musicality How in time you are with the music Energy How much physical effort you apply to the performance Facial Animating the face to engage with your audience/communicate the Expressions theme of your performance Projection Projecting your movements outwards into the space with appropriate energy. Choreographic Devices: Choreographic devices are the tools that we use to make our choreography more interesting and original. Canon Performing the same movement one after another. Unison Performing the same movement at the same time Formation The position you stand in to perform. Levels The height at which you perform your movement Repetition Repeating the same movement or phrase more than once

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 16 Performing Arts – Dance Urban Dance Street Dance Animation KEY QUESTION: What is urban dance? Street dance is a style that evolved in urban open Animation is a dance style and a technique where the Urban dance is choreography based on interpretation of spaces such as streets, dance parties, parks, school dancer imitates film characters being animated by music and draws on influences from various styles of dance yards, and nightclubs. Street dance is a vernacular stop motion. The technique of moving rigidly and such as hip hop, popping, waacking, locking and house. . dance, vernacular dances are often improvised and jerky by tensing muscles using techniques similar to social in nature. This encourages interaction with strobing/the robot makes it appear as if the dancer What is a vernacular dance? spectators and other dancers. has been animated frame by frame. Vernacular dances are dances which have developed Key Influences/Key Features: Key Features: 'naturally' as a part of 'everyday' culture within a • Hip Hop Culture in New York in the 1970’s particular community. • Popping • ‘Funk’ styles of dance in California • Strobing

• Jazz Dance • Isolation of body How can a dance be parts ‘social’? • Expressive Why is expression important in animation? Rhythm & Timing

Tutting Break Dance: Parkour Tutting is a type of dance that Breaking, also called Breakdancing or B-Boying, is an Parkour is a form of movement which includes, free involves intricate movements of athletic style of street dance. running, climbing, swinging, vaulting, jumping, the fingers and hands. It is a Breakdancing was invented in the early 1970’s by rolling, and other movements as deemed most street dance style based on inner-city youths in the Bronx in New York City. suitable for the situation. Parkour is used to move angular movements which forms Breakdancing uses different body movements, spins, continuously and effortless over, across, under and poses, shapes and fast motions. arm movements, leg movements, all of which are through obstacles. Key Features: done to the rhythm of hip hop music. Key Features/Movements: • Intricate/fine movements Key Features/Movements: • Power • Creating shapes and poses Freezes • Fluid motions • Influenced by street Toprocks • Explosive • Detail and timing is needed Downrocks • Physically demanding Why might someone use tutting in their choreography? Power Moves What does ‘most suitable for the situation’ mean? Physically demanding Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 17 Performing Arts – Drama – Social issues/bullying Support Feelings associated with bullying Monologue

If I take the long way home, they won't see me.

But I have to be quiet. If they spot me, they'll come after me.

Then I'll have to run. Which makes them laugh.

If you are being bullied you can talk to any adult in school. They like that, that I'm scared. The more scared, the better. It's like a game: the more scared I am, CMA has a ZERO TOLERANCE policy on bullying. the more points they get. Key Terms A definition of bullying Fun. All kinds of fun. Racist Bullying Attacking someone due to their nationality There is no legal definition of bullying. But it is usually defined / colour of their skin. as repeated behaviour which is intended to hurt someone It's probably my fault.... Homophobic Attacking someone due to their sexuality / either emotionally or physically and is often aimed at certain Bullying perceived sexuality people because of their race, religion, gender or sexual Memorise this monologue. Sexist/Gender Attacking people due to their orientation or any other aspect such as appearance or What feelings are communicated in this Bullying gender/preferred gender. disability. monologue? Religious Attacking someone due to their religion. Areas of the stage Bullying Bullying can take many forms including: Cyber Bullying Attacking someone online or by using technology.  physical assault Physical Hurting someone, on purpose - physically  teasing assault  making threats Making Telling someone you will do something  name calling Threats unpleasant to them  cyber bullying Teasing Making fun of someone persistently Bullying can happen anywhere: at school, travelling to and from school, in sporting teams, between neighbours or in the workplace.

Tell someone if you are being bullied Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 18 Performing Arts – Drama

Vocal Skills: Relationships with other characters and audience: Volume How loud or quiet you speak Proxemics Distance between characters to show a relationship Tone Matching mood or emotion Eye Contact Looking in a particular direction Pace How fast or slow you speak Physical contact Contact and touch between characters Pitch How High or low you speak Levels To show contrast between characters Accent How you speak based on where you’re from Elements of Drama: Lighting The use of lights to create a particular atmosphere Physical Skills: Sound Adding sound or music to create an effect Body Language How you use your body to show something Costume What the character would wear Gestures How you use your hands to communicate Props Items used within the performance Facial How you use your face to communicate an emotion Set Backdrops and items to create an atmosphere Expressions Actions What you do Levels Using different heights to communicate a message Projection Exaggerating either vocal or physical skills Use of Space: Audience Ensuring the audience can see you. Awareness Stage Where on the stage you are positioned directions Movement Using the whole stage

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 19 Performing Arts – Music FACT FILE : Gustav Holst – ‘The Planets’ The Musical Elements We use the Musical Elements to understand the SOUND of a piece of music. Different Gustav Holst was a British composer combinations will produce different SOUNDS (someone who writes original What combination would YOU choose to create ‘Mars, The Bringer of War’? music), born to Russian parents He was born in Oxford in 1874 and Died in 1934 His most famous piece is called ‘The Planets’ which is split up into different sections called movements. Each movement is based on a planet from our Solar System and how each planet can affect our mind (this is called Astrology),

There are 7 movements in total and Key Words these are titled: i – Mars, The Bringer of War Movement ii – Venus, The bringer of Peace Composer iii – Mercury, The Winged Musical Elements Messenger Orchestra iV – Jupiter, The Bringer of Jollity Instrumentation V – Saturn, The Bringer of Old Age VI – Uranus, The Magician VII – Neptune – The Mystic

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 20 Performing Arts – Music The instruments of the orchestra

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 21 PSHE Key words Half-term three: I matter 1. Self-esteem: confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-respect 2. Cyberbullying: the use of social media and the internet to bully a person. 3. Relationship: the way in which two or more people or things are connected. 4. Healthy: in a good physical or mental condition; in good health. 5. Puberty: a time when your body begins to develop and change as you move from kid to adult 6. Forced Marriage: is a marriage in which one or more of the people is married without his or her consent or against his or her will. 7. Civil partnership: a legal relationship which can be registered by two people of the same sex which gives the relationship legal recognition.

Key knowledge 8. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. It can be measure through your confidence in your own abilities, knowing that you deserve love and respect and how you much you believe in yourself. Self-esteem can be both positive and negative. 9. Cyberbullying sometimes known as ‘online bullying’ and it is what a person or a group use the internet to bully someone. This can be done on phones, tables, computers and games consoles. 10. Healthy relationships should be equal. There should be a balance between the people who are in the relationship. You should be able to talk openly and nobody should ever be forced to do something you don’t want to do. Having a healthy relationship means you are happy and safe . 11. Puberty is a change in the body that happens to everyone. It is a time of maturity that has both physical, psychological and hormonal changes. 12. Forced marriage is illegal in the UK and this is where someone is made to marry another person without giving consent. Sometime forced based marriage can lead to honour-based violence. 13. There are places you can receive advice and help on any of the IMatter topics. These are as follows; talking to teachers and friends or contacting Child line or Chat Health.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 22 PSHE Key words Half-term two: Democracy 1. Community: a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. 2. Rules: a list of principles or expectations about how we should behave. 3. Conduct: the way a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation. 4. Democracy – a system where all the adults in a country decide who is in charge of the country. 5. Dictatorship – a system where a ruler has total power over a country, and has usually gained control by force. 6. Election: an organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position. 7. Political party: a group of people who share the same views about the way power should be used in a country. 8. Member of Parliament (MP): the representative of the voters to a parliament. 9. House of Commons: the 650 MPs meet here to discuss the running of the country 10. Tax: The money all working people have to pay the government or the added cost of some goods and services. 11. Equality: All people being treated the same, particularly in terms of their rights and opportunities

Key knowledge 12. We all live and share a community but in order to function well in that community, there are rules and laws you must follow. Rules are important as they keep everyone in order and make sure everyone behaves in the correct way within society. 13. No one is above the law, not even the Queen! If we don’t follow the laws and rules there will be consequences and punishments depending on the law you broke. 14. Democracy is the system that we use in the United Kingdom and this means that all adults over the age of 18 get to vote and have a say in matters that effect their country. Democracy is the opposite of dictatorship because in a dictatorship, everyone has to follow the rules and commands of one person or family and don’t have a say on what happens in the country. 15. Members of Parliament also known as MPs contribute in making laws and important changes within the UK. They meet up every week to have regular discussions about what is going on in the UK. 16. MPs work for different political parties. The three parties that usually win the most seats in England are Conservative run by Boris Johnson, Labour by Jeremy Corbyn and Liberal Democrats by Jo Swinson. Other popular parties in the UK include SNP which is run by Nicola Sturgeon, Green Party by Sian Berry and Jonathan Bartley and Brexit party by Nigel Farage. 17. Parliament is where MPs gather and make decisions. They are based in the House of Commons which is situated in London. 18. We all live in a constituency and each constituency is represented by one Member of Parliament. In Gorton, the MP is Afzal Khan.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 23 Physical Education Fitness Lifestyle Basketball Continuous Training Resting HR Diet Rules Skills & Teaching Points Exercise without rest Heart rate when resting A balanced diet gives you 1. Cannot dribble, then Shooting – B.E.E.F Interval Training Working HR the nutrients it needs to stop and hold the ball technique. Balance - Feet Periods of work and Heart rate during function properly. with 2 hands and then shoulder width apart, periods of rest exercise Drinking water regularly dribble again (double Eyes - on target, Elbow – Fartlek Training Recovery HR supports digestion and dribble). at 90° angle, Follow Training at different Time taken for HR to hydration. 2. Cannot travel with the through – extend your intensities & terrains return to resting after Exercise ball more than 2 steps arm. Circuit Training exercise Children and adolescents (travelling). Chest pass – 2 hands on Different stations of Maximum HR should do 60 minutes or 3. Non-contact sport the ball, place ball close exercise in a circuit 220-Age more of moderate to to chest, push out with vigorous physical activity full arm extension.

daily.

Rugby Substance Abuse Trampolining Rules Skills & Teaching Points Smoking, alcohol and non- Safety Skills & Teaching Points You can only pass - Two hands on the prescription drugs can - Do not go on a trampoline backwards ball, Elbow high, have short term and long without being asked to by a - Bounce in the middle of the term negative effects on You must tackle below Hands finish pointing teacher cross, in the middle of the shoulder height exercise and the body. trampoline at target - Do not wear shoes on the Defence must retreat 10 - Keep eyes on the end deck metres after a tackle - Cheek to cheek, ring trampoline mats to help balance of steel, fall to the - Do not go on a trampoline side without ‘spotters’ around the - When jumping up, move - Defend as one line, trampoline. arms up and out to help jump keep your shoulders - All jewellery must be taken off higher square, nominate Spotting – stand around the side of - To stop, bend knees when early the trampoline with the other landing on the bed. spotters. If the performer falls

towards you, with the palm of your hand, gently push the performer back towards the middle of the bed

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 24 Physical Education Football Warms-ups Badminton Rules Skills & Teaching Points Pulse Raiser Rules Skills & Teaching Points 1. The ball must stay Passing - Place your non- Activity used to 1. Serve is diagonal. within the base and side kicking foot close to the side 2. Only hit the shuttle Service of the ball. Keep your eyes gradually raise heart- lines. rate body temperature. once each time it comes Below waist, diagonal 2. The whole ball must on the ball. Follow through over the net. from service box to with leg for power. Use side eg – 2min slow jog cross the goal line for a of the foot for accuracy. 3. Each time there is a service box. goal to be awarded. Stretches serve, a point must be Singles court Static – a stretch 3. A free kick is awarded if Shooting – use laces of boot won. Play to back line and a foul is committed. for power, hit the middle or performed when muscle 4. A rally ends when the inside side line. 4. No outfield player can top half of the ball. length stays the same shuttle touches the floor. Rally handle the ball Dynamic – stretch whilst Keep shuttle going between you and moving. Eg – Leg Kicks partner.

Mobilisation Netball Activity that will prepare Leadership Rules Skills & Teaching Points joints for exercise. Qualities Skills 1. eg – ankle & wrist 1. Game starts with a Passing Confident - feeling or showing Verbal communication – sharing centre pass. Head up, hands/ fingers rotations certainty about something information using speech 2. Must stay in own behind the ball, follow Enthusiastic - showing intense Non-verbal communication –

third/thirds of court through. enjoyment and interest. sharing information using 3. Cannot move with the Footwork Positive –showing optimism gestures

ball. Pivot around your 4. Cannot make contact landing foot. with another player. Dodging Change direction at speed to get into a space.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 25 Religious Studies Keywords Half-term three: Abrahamic Religions: Key figures 1. Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam 2. Big Bang theory: The universe began 13.7 billion years ago. All the matter (stuff) exploded from one single point. 3. Creationism: Belief the world was created in six days 4. Sacrifice: Giving up something valued for the sake of something else which is seen as more important 5. Consequence: A result of an action, decision or situation, and usually is something bad 6. Plague: A large number of things that are unpleasant or likely to cause damage 7. Forgiveness: Stopping feeling angry or blaming someone for something they have done wrong 8. Blasphemy: Something that you say or do that shows you do not respect God or a religion 9. Disciples: Jesus’ closest followers 10. Allah: Arabic word for God 11. PBUH: Peace be upon him 12. Proclaim: Announce something publicly Key information 13. Abraham was going to sacrifice his son (Isaac) because God told him too. 14. God asked Abraham to sacrifice his son to see if Abraham was devoted to God. 15. Jesus was born a Jew and Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God. His mother was a virgin called Mary and her husband is called Joseph. 16. Jesus was sentenced to death (and then crucified) for blasphemy. 17. For Jews and Muslims, they do not believe that Jesus is the son of God. 18. Moses set the Hebrews free from slavery from God’s instruction. God spoke to Moses through a burning bush and explained he needed to speak to the Egyptian Pharaoh and ask for him to release the Hebrews. Pharaoh refused at first. After the 10 plagues were sent, Pharaoh allowed Moses to free the slaves. 19. Prophet Muhammad born in Mecca in 570 AD. In 610, at the age of 40, Muhammad returned from one of his visits to cave Hira telling his wife he had either gone mad or become a prophet, as he had been visited by an angel. 20. Muhammad's message to the people was to convert from pagan polytheism (belief in many gods) and worship Allah, the Sources of wisdom and authority - SOWAs 21. “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” Jesus talking to God. 22. “Proclaim the Word to all people!” Angel Jibril speaking to Prophet Muhammad when revealing the Qur’an.

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 26 Religious Studies Keywords Half-term four: Eastern religions: Key figures 1. Brahman: The one God 2. Trimurti: The three most important gods 3. Eastern religions: Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism 4. Ramayana: a poem which describes the life of Rama and his wife Sita. 5. Loyalty: showing complete and constant support for someone or something 6. Diwali: Festival of lights – a celebration that marks the return of Rama and Sita. 7. Guru: a religious teacher 8. Equality: having the same rights and opportunities as everyone else 9. Meditation: focusing your mind for religious or spiritual reasons or as a way of relaxing. 10. Enlightenment: a final spiritual state where the person doesn’t desire (want) anything and feels no suffering. 11. Nirvana: This is the final goal for Buddhists – this is the state of achieving Enlightenment Key information 12. The Trimurti includes three gods. These are Brahma (creator of the universe), Vishnu (protector of the universe) and Shiva (destroyer of the universe). 13. The Ramayana tells the story of a battle between the Hindu god Vishnu and a demon called Ravana. None of the gods could fight Ravana because of a promise they had foolishly made earlier, and Ravana was messing with everyone and nobody could stop him. So Vishnu decided to be reborn as a man, and then he would not be a god and he would be able to fight Ravana. So Vishnu was born as the prince called Rama. 14. Ravana noticed that Rama’s wife (Sita) was very beautiful, so he kidnapped her. 15. Eventually, Rama killed Ravana and he went to go and save his wife Sita (even though he was worried—thinking she didn’t love him anymore). Rama made Sita walk through fire to show that she still really loved him. And even after she did that, and she was having his twin babies, Rama ended up sending her to live somewhere else. 16. Guru Nanak is the founder of the Sikh religion. When he was younger, Nanak’s friend couldn’t go to school because he was a Muslim. 17. Nanak was bad at his job as a store keeper because he kept giving away free food to the poor. 18. Nanak taught that the ‘untouchables’ were made by God and all people are equal. ‘Untouchables’ means people who were poor, of a lower class, or ill. 19. Buddhism began in India, just like Hinduism and Sikhism did. This area of India is now Nepal. 20. The ‘Buddha’ was born as a prince called Siddhartha Gautama. He grew up in a gold palace and his father didn’t allow him to leave. This was to protect him from seeing any sadness, illness or death. 21. Siddhartha left the palace and came across four sights which encouraged him to leave home in search of the true meaning of life. Sources of wisdom and authority - SOWA 23. “There is no Hindu. There is no Muslim.” Guru Nanak

Science Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 27

Continuous data Can be any value - Plot a line graph

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 28 Science

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 29 World Languages FREE TIME TIME ¿Qué haces en tu tiempo What do you do in your free libre? time? ¿Qué hora es? What time is it? Voy al cine I go to the cinema Voy a la piscina I go to the swimming pool Es la una It’s one o’clock Voy de compras I go shopping Voy a la bolera I go to the bowling alley Son las dos / las tres / It’s 2 o’clock / 3 o’clock / bailo I dance las cuatro 4 o’clock Salgo con mis amigos I go out with my friends Hablo por telefono I talk on the phone y cinco Five past No hago nada I don’t do anything y cuarto Quarter past Monto en bicicleta I ride my bike Escucho música I listen to music y media Half past Veo la television I watch TV Toco la guitarra I play the guitar menos veinte Twenty to Juego a los videojuagos I play video games canto I sing menos cuarto Quarter to Leo libros I read books cocino I cook menos diez Ten to Dibujo I draw Navego por internet I surf the internet de la mañana In the morning

de la tarde / de la noche In the afternoon / in the evening

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 30 World Languages Hago mucho deporte I do a lot of sports Juego al rugby/fútbol/tenis/squash I play rugby .. Juego al hockey I play hockey Voy al gimnasio I go to the gym Voy a la piscina I go to the pool Hago otro deporte I play sports Bebo mucha agua I drink wáter Como mucha fruta I eat fruit Como muchas verduras I eat veg Duermo lo suficiente I sleep enough Evito el café y el té I avoid coffee and tea Evito los caramelos I avoid sweets Evito el alcohol I avoid alcohol Evito fumar I avoid smoking Cigarillos Cigarettes Alcohol Alcohol Drogas Drugs

Comida Food TIME MARKERS Todos los días Everyday Fruta Fruit Los fines de semana At the weekend Verduras Vegetables Los lunes On Mondays Chocolate Chocolate Los martes On Tuesdays Carne Meat Los sábados On Saturdays Bebidas Drinks Los domingos On Sundays Agua Water Una vez por semana Once a week Gaseosas Fizzy drinks

Dos veces por semana Twice a week Zumo Juice Siempre Always Deportes Sports Nunca Never Ejercicio Exercise

A veces Sometimes A menudo Often De vez en cuando From time to time Normalmente normally

Year 7 Knowledge organiser Term 2 Page: 31 Record of learning homework How to record your learning You should record the subject or subjects on the learning homework page and show this to your form tutor on a weekly basis. Week: Jan 6 Week: Jan 13 Week: Jan 20 Week: Jan 27 Week: Feb 3 Week: Feb 10

Week: Feb 24 Week: Mar 2 Week: Mar 9 Week: Mar 16 Week: Mar 23 Week: Mar 30