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Wissenschaftsphilosophen Im Krieg - Impromptus
Erschienen in: "Krieg der Gelehrten" und die Welt der Akademien 1914-1924 / Eckart, Wolfgang U.; Godel, Rainer (Hrsg.). - 1. Auflage. - Stuttgart : Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2016. - (Acta Historica Leopoldina ; 68). - „Kri eg der Gelehnen'' und di e Welt der Akademien 191 4-1924 S. 147-164. - ISBN 978-3-8047-3612-2 Wissenschaftsphilosophen im Krieg - Impromptus Gereon WOLTERS ML (Konstanz) Zusamnzenfassung Soweit deutsche Gelehrte nicht selbst im Felde standen, nahmen sie zumeist am Schreibti sch oder in öffent lichen Yortriigen akti v am Ersten Weltkrieg teil. Das gilt auch für die Phi losophen. Unter ihnen finden wir nicht weni ge ausgesprochene Kriegshetze r. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht (unter Rückgriff au f Korrespondenzen und Tage bucheinträge) di e im Entstehen begriffene Di szipli n der Wi ssenschaft sphilosophie. Die wichti gsten Wi ssenschafts ph ilosophen - die ältesten unter ihnen waren bei Kriegsbeginn 32 Jahre all - waren entweder naiv kriegsbegeistert (so zunächst Rudolf CA RNA P), oder Kriegsgegner (Moritz SCHLICK, Otto NEUR AT H und Han s REICHEN BAC H) oder komplett unpolitisch und mit sich selber beschäftigt (Hugo DI NGL ER ). Der spütere Wi ssenschaft sphilosoph Heinrich SCHOLZ, im Krieg noch Theologe, erweist sich al s der einzige Kriegspropagandist. - Das unter deutschen Gelehrten verbreitete und aggressionslcgit imi ercnde Gefühl der kollektiven Demtitigung durch den Rest der We lt weist beängs ti gende Parallelen zu Positionen von Gelehrten im heuti gen Ru ss land und zu weiten Teilen der islamischen Welt auf. Abstract: Not all Gcrman scholars served in thc armed forccs in thc Grcat War; many of thcm fought through their writings ancl s1>cechcs. -
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Individual Fates and Global Impact Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze princeton university press princeton and oxford Copyright 2009 © by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegmund-Schultze, R. (Reinhard) Mathematicians fleeing from Nazi Germany: individual fates and global impact / Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-12593-0 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0-691-14041-4 (pbk.) 1. Mathematicians—Germany—History—20th century. 2. Mathematicians— United States—History—20th century. 3. Mathematicians—Germany—Biography. 4. Mathematicians—United States—Biography. 5. World War, 1939–1945— Refuges—Germany. 6. Germany—Emigration and immigration—History—1933–1945. 7. Germans—United States—History—20th century. 8. Immigrants—United States—History—20th century. 9. Mathematics—Germany—History—20th century. 10. Mathematics—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. QA27.G4S53 2008 510.09'04—dc22 2008048855 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 Contents List of Figures and Tables xiii Preface xvii Chapter 1 The Terms “German-Speaking Mathematician,” “Forced,” and“Voluntary Emigration” 1 Chapter 2 The Notion of “Mathematician” Plus Quantitative Figures on Persecution 13 Chapter 3 Early Emigration 30 3.1. The Push-Factor 32 3.2. The Pull-Factor 36 3.D. -
Arxiv:1803.01386V4 [Math.HO] 25 Jun 2021
2009 SEKI http://wirth.bplaced.net/seki.html ISSN 1860-5931 arXiv:1803.01386v4 [math.HO] 25 Jun 2021 A Most Interesting Draft for Hilbert and Bernays’ “Grundlagen der Mathematik” that never found its way into any publi- Working-Paper cation, and 2 CVof Gisbert Hasenjaeger Claus-Peter Wirth Dept. of Computer Sci., Saarland Univ., 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany [email protected] SEKI Working-Paper SWP–2017–01 SEKI SEKI is published by the following institutions: German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI GmbH), Germany • Robert Hooke Str.5, D–28359 Bremen • Trippstadter Str. 122, D–67663 Kaiserslautern • Campus D 3 2, D–66123 Saarbrücken Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering & Science, Campus Ring 1, D–28759 Bremen, Germany Universität des Saarlandes, FR 6.2 Informatik, Campus, D–66123 Saarbrücken, Germany SEKI Editor: Claus-Peter Wirth E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://wirth.bplaced.net Please send surface mail exclusively to: DFKI Bremen GmbH Safe and Secure Cognitive Systems Cartesium Enrique Schmidt Str. 5 D–28359 Bremen Germany This SEKI Working-Paper was internally reviewed by: Wilfried Sieg, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Dept. of Philosophy Baker Hall 161, 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/philosophy/people/faculty/sieg.html A Most Interesting Draft for Hilbert and Bernays’ “Grundlagen der Mathematik” that never found its way into any publication, and two CV of Gisbert Hasenjaeger Claus-Peter Wirth Dept. of Computer Sci., Saarland Univ., 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany [email protected] First Published: March 4, 2018 Thoroughly rev. & largely extd. (title, §§ 2, 3, and 4, CV, Bibliography, &c.): Jan. -
Oberwolfach Jahresbericht Annual Report 2008 Herausgeber / Published By
titelbild_2008:Layout 1 26.01.2009 20:19 Seite 1 Oberwolfach Jahresbericht Annual Report 2008 Herausgeber / Published by Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Direktor Gert-Martin Greuel Gesellschafter Gesellschaft für Mathematische Forschung e.V. Adresse Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach gGmbH Schwarzwaldstr. 9-11 D-77709 Oberwolfach-Walke Germany Kontakt http://www.mfo.de [email protected] Tel: +49 (0)7834 979 0 Fax: +49 (0)7834 979 38 Das Mathematische Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach ist Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft. © Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach gGmbH (2009) JAHRESBERICHT 2008 / ANNUAL REPORT 2008 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS / TABLE OF CONTENTS Vorwort des Direktors / Director’s Foreword ......................................................................... 6 1. Besondere Beiträge / Special contributions 1.1 Das Jahr der Mathematik 2008 / The year of mathematics 2008 ................................... 10 1.1.1 IMAGINARY - Mit den Augen der Mathematik / Through the Eyes of Mathematics .......... 10 1.1.2 Besuch / Visit: Bundesministerin Dr. Annette Schavan ............................................... 17 1.1.3 Besuche / Visits: Dr. Klaus Kinkel und Dr. Dietrich Birk .............................................. 18 1.2 Oberwolfach Preis / Oberwolfach Prize ....................................................................... 19 1.3 Oberwolfach Vorlesung 2008 .................................................................................... 27 1.4 Nachrufe .............................................................................................................. -
Frege in Context
British Journal for the History of Philosophy 9(3) 2001:557– 570 REVIEW ARTICLE FREGE IN CONTEXT Nikolay Milkov Gottfried Gabriel und Wolfgang Kienzler (eds). Frege in Jena. Beiträge zur Spurensicherung . (Kritisches Jahrbuch der Philosophie , Band 2). Würzburg, Königshausen & Neumann, 1997, pp.161. Pb. DM 28. ISBN 3826014405 Gottfried Gabriel und Uwe Dathe (eds). Gottlob Frege. Werk und Wirkung. Paderborn, Mentis, 2000, pp.313. Pb. DM 30. ISBN 3897850850 REWRITING FREGE’S BIOGRAPHY English-speaking philosophers know little about Frege’s life. In 1972 T. W. Bynum published ‘On the Life and Work of Gottlob Frege’, an introduction of fty-four pages to his translation of the Begriffsschrift , in which various facts about Frege’s life were cited. These notes are still being used as a guide to Frege’s biography today – as in Anthony Kenny’s recent book Frege (see Kenny 1995, p. 1 n.). Apparently, many writers on Frege have never heard about a complete revolution in investigating Frege’s biography that took place in the 1990s in Germany, falsifying almost every sentence in Bynum’s piece. The two volumes under review – I shall refer to them as Spurensicherung and Wirkung for brevity – which are the outcome of two symposia on Frege held at the University of Jena, form the pinnacle of this biographical makeover. Indeed, from 1979 on, four such symposia had already taken place in Jena, resulting in three volumes of proceedings in each of which new data pertaining to Frege’s biography were contained. What is new in 1 I use the term ‘East German’ here, following the tradition established during the Cold War, when Germany was divided into two parts, usually known in English as East and West Germany. -
Gotthard Günther: Leben Und Werk
Joachim Castella Gotthard Günther : Leben und Werk Diese Arbeit wurde von Joachim Castella ausgeführt als erste von zwei umfangreichen Studien im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes 'Theorie komplexer biologischer Systeme'. Autopoiesis und Polykontexturalität: Formalisation, Operativierung und Modellierung. Gefördert von der Volkswagenstiftung im Rahmen des Wettbewerbs Biowissenschaften (Leitung: Dr. Rudolf Kaehr und Prof. Dr. Eberhard von Goldammer) an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum—siehe dazu auch Joachim Paul (Hrsg.), Anmoderation der Sommer-Edition 2007, www.vordenker.de The text was originally edited and rendered into PDF file for the e-journal <www.vordenker.de> by E. von Goldammer Copyright 2007 @ Joachim Castella This material may be freely copied and reused, provided the author and sources are cited How to cite this article: Castella, J., Gotthard Günther: Leben und Werk, www.vordenker.de (Sommer 2007 Edition), Joachim Paul (ed.), URL :<http://www.vordenker.de> ISSN 1619-9324 Joachim Castella Gotthard Günther: Leben und Werk Erstes Kapitel: Lesen – Stellen – Bauen 1 Das Hymen des Textes 1 Dopplungen 4 Positionen und Perspektiven 7 Die Monotonie der Kritik 12 Ins Outback der Tradition 16 Das Schisma der Moderne 20 Die Sprache des Jenseits 23 Dekonstruktive Lektüre 28 Baustellen 32 Zweites Kapitel: Zwischen den Stühlen 36 Ab urbe condita 36 Zeitgeister 39 Der zerbrochene Krug der Logik 43 Auf ins letzte Gefecht 50 Ein Schritt mit Bedeutung 54 Die Spaltung in der Spaltung 59 Präliminarien des Unionsvertrages 64 Drittes Kapitel: Die neue -
Beth and Scholz∗
Moral Integrity during a Difficult Period: Beth and Scholz∗ [Philosophia Scientiae (Nancy) 3 (4) (1998/1999), 151-173. Special issue: Un logicien consciencieux. La philosophie de Evert Willem Beth.] Volker Peckhaus Institut f¨urPhilosophie der Universit¨atErlangen-N¨urnberg Bismarckstr. 1, D{91054 Erlangen E-mail: [email protected] February 7, 2000 1 Introduction Willem Evert Beth started his academic career as a philosopher of mathe- matics in the mid 1930's, and it should be noted that his approach to this subject at the borderline between philosophy and mathematics was more philosophical than mathematical. It was an ambivalent time, but extremely exciting for scientists working in the area. In their recollections logicians of the time called it the \heroic era." The era lasted, as Georg Henrik von Wright was convinced (von Wright 1993, 21), from 1879 to 1934. This pe- riod was marked by Gottlob Frege's Begriffsschrift (Frege 1879) and the first volume of David Hilbert and Paul Bernays's Grundlagen der Mathematik (Hilbert and Bernays 1934). It was, according to von Wright, relieved by an epoch which began with two incidents being themselves of heroic greatness (26): Kurt G¨odel'sresults concerning the incompleteness of formalized lan- guages and Alfred Tarski's semantic theory of truth. Hans Hermes, on the ∗Lecture delivered on 22nd April, 1998 at the conference \Evert Willem Beth and His Philosophical Friends: From Bernays to Boche´nski"(22nd to 24th April, 1998) in M´er´eville,France. I would like to thank Henk Visser (Haarlem) for his invaluable help in providing documents from the Beth papers, Kai F. -
Vorwort Des Herausgebers
Vorwort des Herausgebers Der 150. Geburtstag einer wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft bietet AnlaB, sich mit ihrer Entstehung und ihrer Geschichte zu befassen. Aus den verschiedenartigen und verstreuten Informationen sollte deshalb hier ein Bild zusammengefugt werden, das zeigt, wie die Physikalische Gesellschaft gewachsen ist, was ihre Bedeutung ist und wie sich ihre Aufgaben gewandelt haben. Es zeichnen sich dabei in naturlicher Weise drei Hauptperioden von jeweils etwa funfzig Jahren ab: die Zeit der Physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin von 1845 bis zur Umwandlung in die Deutsche Physikali- sche Gesellschaft im Jahre 1899 durch Max Planck, die Periode der ,,modernen” Physik bis zum Kriegsende 1945 und schliel3lich die Nachkriegszeit, die bis zur Gegenwart fuhrt. Daraus ergab sich folgender Plan: Die ersten hundert Jahre sollten nach Aufarbeitung der Quel- len durch Fachhistoriker dargestellt werden. Diese Aufgabe ubernahmen die Herren W. Schreier und M. Franke fur die ersten funfzig Jahre und A. Hermann fur die Folgeperiode bis 1945. Als Quellen sind zwar Sitzungsbucher der Gesellschaft und Einzeldokumente verfugbar, aber insge- samt ist dieses Archivmaterial sehr luckenhaft, so da13 umfangreiche Recherchen notig waren. Fur die zweite Periode fuhrte Herr M. Ratering eine besondere Quellen- und Bildrecherche durch, die als Grundlage des Artikels von A. Hermann diente. Fur die Zeit nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges wurde ein anderes Konzept zugrunde gelegt. Es leben noch viele Zeitzeugen der gesamten Periode oder doch wenigstens eines groBeren Teils davon. Aul3erdem fuhrt uns dieser Zeitraum direkt in die Gegenwart. Deshalb wurde hier nicht versucht, eine zusammenfassende historische Darstellung durch einen Fachmann zu geben. Statt dessen wurden Einzelthemen ausgewahlt, die nach Moglichkeit von am Geschehen direkt Beteiligten ausgearbeitet wurden. -
Lorentz Contraction Vs. Einstein Contraction. Reichenbach and the Philosophical Reception of Miller's Ether-Drift Experiments
Lorentz Contraction vs. Einstein Contraction. Reichenbach and the Philosophical Reception of Miller’s Ether-Drift Experiments Marco Giovanelli Forum Scientiarum — Universität Tübingen, Doblerstrasse 33 72074 Tübingen, Germany [email protected] In 1925 Reichenbach, by reacting to the positive result of Miller’s ether-drift experiments, introduced a distinction between two types of rod contraction in special relativity: a kinematical ‘Einstein contraction,’ which depends on the definition of simultaneity, and a dynamical ‘Lorentz contraction.’ He argued that although both contractions happen to amount to the same Lorentz factor, they are conceptually different. In Reichenbach’s view, only the ‘Lorentz contraction’ is at stake in the Michelson-Morley experiment. The arm of Michelson’s interferometer is shorter than it would have been in classical mechanics in both Einstein and Lorentz’s theories. In both theories, the Lorentz contraction requires an atomistic explanation based on a yet-unknown theory of matter. This paper concludes that Reichenbach’s interpretation of special relativity shares features of the current neo-Lorentzian interpretations. Keywords: Hans Reichenbach • Lorentz Contraction • Special Relativity • Neo-Lorentzian Interpretation Introduction The aspect of Reichenbach’s interpretation of special relativity that has attracted the most attention is probably his famous conventionality of simultaneity—the freedom to choose which events are simultaneous in a given inertial frame depending on the value of the parameter . In a classical paper, David Malament (1977) has famously shown that one cannot allow such a freedom if one believes—as Reichenbach did—in the causal theory of time. Malament’s paper, the epitome of an influential work, has generated an enormous amount of discussion (cf. -
The Eichmann Trial the Eichmann Trial
The Eichmann Trial The Eichmann Trial EUROPEAN JEWRY BEFORE AND AFTER HITLER by SALO W. BARON A HISTORIAN, not an eyewitness or a jurist, I shall concern myself with the historical situation of the Jewish people before, during, and after the Nazi onslaught—the greatest catastrophe in Jewish history, which has known many catastrophes. A historian dealing with more or less contemporary problems con- fronts two major difficulties. The first is that historical perspective usu- ally can be attained only after the passage of time. The second is that much relevant material is hidden away in archives and private collec- tions, which are usually not open for inspection until several decades have passed. In this instance, however, the difficulties have been re- duced. The world has been moving so fast since the end of World War JJ, and the situation of 1961 so little resembles that of the 1930's, that one may consider the events of a quarter of a century ago as belonging almost to a bygone historic era, which the scholarly investigator can view with a modicum of detachment. In fact, a new generation has been growing up which "knew not Hitler." For its part, the older generation is often eager to forget the nightmare of the Nazi era. Hence that period has receded in the consciousness of man as if it had occurred long ago. This article is based on a memorandum that Professor Baron prepared for himself when he was invited to testify at the Eichmann trial, in April 1961, on the Jewish communities destroyed by the Nazis. -
Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave-Particle Duality
Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave-Particle Duality: Scientific Fraud and Theoretical Biasa Jeroen van Dongen* Institute for History and Foundations of Science Utrecht University PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands & Einstein Papers Project, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA Abstract In 1926 Emil Rupp published a number of papers on the interference properties of light emitted by canal ray sources. These articles, particularly one paper that came into being in close collaboration with Albert Einstein, drew quite some attention as they probed the wave versus particle nature of light. They also significantly propelled Rupp’s career, even though that from the outset they were highly controversial. This article will review this episode, and in particular Rupp’s collaboration with Einstein. Evidence that Rupp forged his results is presented and their critical reception in the socially and politically divided German physics community is discussed. These divisions fail to explain the full dynamic; the latter is attempted by turning to the role that theoretical bias on occasion has in assessing experiment. Einstein’s responses in particular are analysed in this context. Introduction: the career of Emil Rupp “[Emil] Rupp, in the late twenties, early thirties, was regarded as the most important and most competent experimental physicist. He did incredible things. [...] Later, it turned out that everything that he had ever published, everything, was forged. This had gone on for ten years, ten years!”1 As this quote of Walther Gerlach illustrates, the first third of the twentieth century witnessed one of the biggest scandals in physics: the rise and fall of Emil Rupp. -
Title: Collaboration of Polish Logicians with Heinrich Scholz and “Group from Münster” (1932-1956) Author: Gabriela Besle
Title: Collaboration of Polish Logicians with Heinrich Scholz and “Group from Münster” (1932-1956) Author: Gabriela Besler Citation style: Besler Gabriela. (2021). Collaboration of Polish Logicians with Heinrich Scholz and “Group from Münster” (1932-1956). Collaboration of Polish Logicians with Heinrich Scholz and “Group from Munster" (1932-1956) Gabriela Besler University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) 26th International Congress of History of Science and Technology and Medicine. Giants and Dwarfs Prague, July 25 - 31 2021 Motto: • Es ist schon, dass es in der verworrenen Welt, in der wir zu existieren gezwungen sind, noch ein paar unverworrene Dinge gibt. • It's nice that there are still a few unsettled things in the tangled world we are forced to exist in (Scholz-Tarski, 30.04.1948) Heinrich Scholz (1884-1956) • Logician, philosopher and theologian, one of the most important German academics in 20th c. • 1917-1928 - Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universitat zu Breslau and at Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel. • 1921 - read Whitehead's and Russell's Principia Mathematica, then dealt with mathematical logic. • 1928-1952 - Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat (Munster, Germany), organized a group of academics working on mathematical logic there, called “Group from Munster" (K. Schroter, H. Hermes, G. Hasenjaeger). • Before the Second World War had the scientific legacy of Gottlob Frege and Ernst Schroder. He wanted to be the first posthumous editor and publisher ofFrege's papers (Heitfeld-Rydzik2020). • During the war he substantially helped at least four Polish academics: Jan tukasiewicz and his wife Regina, Alfred Tarski's family, Jan Salamucha,acolleague from Cracow, ProfessorKowalski. • Included by Bochenski among top analytical philosophers, next to Quine, Austin, Tarski and Popper.