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Penanganan Konflik Etnis Di Kota Tanjungbalai Dalam Perspektif Komunikasi Antarbudaya

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Penanganan Konflik Etnis Di Kota Tanjungbalai Dalam Perspektif Komunikasi Antarbudaya PENANGANAN KONFLIK ETNIS DI KOTA TANJUNGBALAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA TESIS Diajukan sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Ilmu Komunikasi dalam Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh: MBARDO HAMZAH HARAHAP NIM 157045031 MAGISTER ILMU KOMUNIKASI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 PENANGANAN KONFLIK ETNIS DI KOTA TANJUNGBALAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sebenarnya masalah yang ada di Kota Tanjungbalai dalam konflik etnis yang terjadi pada tanggal 29 Juli 2016 dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya sehingga terjadilah proses penanganan konflik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi serta observasi guna memperoleh informasi- informasi secara detail dari fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan. Pada penelitian ini, beberapa dimensi konflik dan komunikasi antarbudaya yang dijadikan teori pengembangannya. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari tokoh formal dan informal sebanyak sembilan orang yang diantaranya langsung ikut dalam penanganan konflik. Untuk itu didapat sebuah petunjuk yang hampir sama dengan kejadian dilapangan dan penanganan untuk kedepan. Akar masalahnya yaitu pendirian patung di Vihara Tri Ratna, dan pihak Forum Komunikasi Pimpinan Daerah (Forkopimda) langsung menindaklanjuti dan menyelesaikannya. Dan akhirnya mendapatkan kesepakatan untuk menurunkan patung Amitabba yang ada di Vihara Tri Ratna. Dari aspek penanganan konflik, komunikasi antarbudaya yang dibangun sudah sangat standar dan menghasilkan penyelesaian yang diinginkan. Proses penyelesaian dan harapan kedepan adalah menjadikan masyarakat majemuk yang saling menghormati dan saling menghargai. Sehingga keberagaman (pluralisme) dan heterogennya masyarakat Tanjungbalai bisa terjaga dengan aman dan lancar. Kata kunci: Konflik, Etnis, Penanganan Konflik, Komunikasi Antarbudaya, Tanjungbalai. i ETHNICITY CONFLICT HANDLING OF TANJUNGBALAI CITY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to figure out how the real problems that exist in the city of Tanjungbalai regarding the ethnicity conflict the occurred on the 29th of July 2016 and the influencing factors that caused the process of the conflict handling. The method used in this research is qualitative-descriptive with the constructivist paradigm. Data collecting technique is done by in-depth interview method, documentation and observation to gather detailed information from phenomenon on the field. In this research, some dimensions of conflict and intercultural communication are the theory of the progression. The research subjects are formal and informal figures of nine individuals which some were directly involved in the conflict handling for which a clue was figured that was almost similar to what happened on the field and for future handling. The main issue of this conflict was due to statue position of construction of Vihara Tri Ratna which immediately followed up and resolved the situation by Local Head Leader Communication Forum (Forkopimda). Finally, Which is the agreement to remove the statue of Amitabba in Tri Ratna Vihara. On the conflict handling aspect, intercultural communication intertwined is already very basic and results in the salvation wanted. The process of salvation and future expectation is to have the respectful and rewarding plural community. So that diversity (pluralism) and heterogeneous of the people of Tanjungbalai can be maintained peacefully in a smooth way. Keywords: Conflict, Ethnicity, Conflict Handling, Intercultural Communication, Tanjungbalai ii iii Telah diuji pada Tanggal : 12 Oktober 2017 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof. Dra. Lusiana Andriani Lubis, MA,Ph.D Anggota : 1. Drs. Syafruddin Pohan, M.Si. Ph. D 2. Haris Wijaya,S.Sos, M. Comm 3. Dr. Nurbani, M.Si 4. Dr. Fikarwin Zuska, M. Ant iv PERNYATAAN PENANGANAN KONFLIK ETNIS DI KOTA TANJUNGBALAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA Dengan ini peneliti menyatakan bahwa: 1. Tesis ini disusun sebagai syarat memperoleh gelar Magister pada Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara benar merupakan hasil karya penulis sendiri. 2. Tesis ini adalah asli dan belum pernah diajukan untuk mendapatkan gelar akademik (Sarjana, Magister, dan/atau Doktor) baik di Universitas Sumatera Utara maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lain. 3. Tesis ini murni gagasan, rumusan dan penelitian saya sendiri, tanpa bantuan pihak lain, kecuali arahan Komisi Pembimbing dan masukan Tim Penguji. 4. Dalam karya tulis ini tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang telah ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis dengan jelas tercantum sebagai acuan dalam naskah dengan disebutkan nama pengarang dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. 5. Pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya. Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata ditemukan seluruh atau begian tesis ini bukan karya penulis sendiri atau adanya plagiat dalam bagian-bagian tertentu, penulis bersedia menerima sanksi pencabutan gelar akademik yang penulis sandang dan sanksi-sanksi lainnya seeuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Medan, 12 Oktober 2017 Peneliti, ( Mbardo Hamzah Harahap) v KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, atas limpahan Rahmat dan Karunia-NYA, tesis ini dapat berjalan dengan proses yang terkesan panjang dan sesuai seperti yang direncanakan, amin. Begitupun tak lupa kiranya peneliti mengucapkan Shalawat dan salam atas Junjungan Besar Rasulullah Nabi Muhammad SAW, beserta keluarga dan sahabat-sahabat juga para pengikut setianya. Inshaallah kita senantiasa mendapat syafaat di kemudian hari kelak, amin yaa robbal alamin. Penelitian tesis ini dengan judul “Penanganan Konflik Etnis di Kota Tanjungbalai Dalam Perspektif Komunikasi Antarbudaya” dimaksudkan dalam rangka sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Ilmu Komunikasi pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sebagai bentuk suatu karya ilmiah, sedari awal hingga akhir penelitian tesis ini tidak pernah terlepas dari bantuan, bimbingan, serta motivasi dan juga dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Rasa cinta dan tentunya terimakasih yang sedalam-dalamnya, senantiasa saya sampaikan kepada pendamping hidup saya, Layla Juniarty Lubis, ST, atas seluruh spirit, doa, kasih sayang dalam mengurus anak-anak, dan ketabahan yang mendalam selama saya menjalankan perkuliahan ini. Untuk orangtua saya yang selalu tersenyum dalam memberikan spirit yang mendalam, umak Masdalila Siregar atas do‟a dan kasih sayangnya. Rasa terima kasih juga saya sampaikan kepada tulang H. Abdul Hakim Lubis dan nantulang Middrawaty Hasibuan atas doa dan dukungannya, semoga semua orang tua saya ini diberikan kesehatan dan kekuatan iman dalam menjalankan kehidupan di dunia ini. Selain itu, peneliti juga banyak mendapat bantuan moril maupun materiil dari berbagai pihak. Dalam kesempatan ini, dengan kerendahan hati menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H. M. Hum. selaku Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informasi (KEMKOMINFO) Republik Indonesia di Jakarta yang telah memberikan beasiswa pendidikan S2 Ilmu Komunikasi di FISIP USU kepada Peneliti. 3. Bapak Dr. Muryanto Amin, S. Sos. M. Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Ibu Prof. Dra. Lusiana Andriani Lubis, MA. Ph. D, selaku Ketua Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara sekaligus Ketua Sidang/seminar dalam tesis ini. 5. Bapak Drs. Syafruddin Pohan, M.Si. Ph. D. selaku Sekretaris Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik dan Ketua Komisi Pembimbing yang telah memberikan masukan, pengarahan dan waktu dalam penelitian ini. 6. Abang Haris Wijaya, S.Sos. M. Comm. selaku anggota Komisi Pembimbing yang telah membimbing dan meluangkan waktu kepada peneliti. 7. Ibu Dr. Nurbani, M.Si. Selaku Ketua Komisi Pembanding, terima kasih atas saran, masukan dan kritik yang konstruktif. 8. Bapak Dr. Fikarwin Zuska, M. Ant. selaku Komisi Pembanding yang memberikan kemajuan yang berarti dalam memberikan masukannya. vi 9. Seluruh dosen Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah mengajarkan ilmu dan pengetahuan kepada peneliti. 10. Staf Administrasi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, Sri Handayani, S.Sos dan Zikra Khasiah, S. Sos yang selalu membantu penulis dalam urusan administrasi selama mengikuti perkuliahan di Magister Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP Universitas Sumatera Utara. 11. Abang dan kakak saya semuanya, baik yang di Medan maupun Rantauprapat yang tidak bisa di sebutkan satu persatu, adik-adikku, Fitriana Harahap, AMd, yang sabar dalam menghadapi peneliti selama tinggal di Martubung, Amarul Amin Harahap, SH, dan semua keluarga besarku. 12. Teruntuk teman-teman seperjuangan Angkatan III Kominfo yang selalu bersama, semoga persahabatan ini menjadi nikmat di hari selanjutnya, amin. 13. Semua teman-teman yang baik, terutama yang di Tanjungbalai, semoga persahabatan kita selalu mendapat lindungan ALLAH SWT, amin yaa robbal alamin. Akhir kata, peneliti dapat merasakan segala kekurangan dan kelemahan yang seyogyanya jelas ada di dalam tesis ini. Dengan itu semua
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