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The Global Maritime Nexus: Challenges in Managing Marine Area in North Sumatera Province

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The Global Maritime Nexus: Challenges in Managing Marine Area in North Sumatera Province The Global Maritime Nexus: Challenges in Managing Marine Area in North Sumatera Province Suhaidi1, Rosmalinda1 and Riadhi Alhayyan1 1Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas No 4 Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia Keywords: Global maritime nexus, readiness, local government, North Sumatera Province. Abstract: Global maritime nexus is a strategic idea. Indonesia should realize it in order to ensure the community welfare. This study figures out the answer of study in 8 months in North Sumatera province. This study focuses on the readiness of North Sumatera government in realizing Indonesia as a global maritime nexus in Malacca Strait. One strategy to achieve the vision is regulated it in the regional spatial management. Through in depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which conducted to collect information related to preparedness in policy and challenges of local government in marine management found that the provincial government has local regulation No. 2 of 2017 concerning the regional spatial plan of North Sumatera province (RTRWP) in 2017-2037 which in line with the 2nd and 3rd pillars of the global maritime nexus. The presence of the new RTRWP needs to be socialized in order to disseminate the idea of Indonesia global maritime nexus. It is not only a strategic issue but also an idea which can be applied in the program of local government organizations (OPD) which located contiguous to the sea such as North Sumatera province. 1 INTRODUCTION development of the fishing industry by placing fishermen as the main pillars; (3) commitment to Article 25 A of Indonesian Constitution 1945 encourage the development of maritime amendment 4 states that the united country of infrastructure and connectivity by building sea tolls, Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic country seaports, logistics and shipping industries, as well as which is characteristic of the archipelago with its maritime tourism; (4) maritime diplomacy that territory and boundaries and rights established by invites all Indonesian partners to cooperate in the law (UUD 1945). Indonesia is the largest maritime sector is the fourth pillar of the archipelagic country in the world which has the development agenda; (5) Finally, as a country that is potential to become the global maritime nexus. This the nexus of two oceans, Indonesia is obliged to is in accordance with Law Number 32 of 2014 build maritime defense forces (Pidato Presiden RI- section 5 (1) which stated, "Indonesia is an KTT 9 Asia Timur, 2014). archipelagic country composed entirely of islands One of the provinces in Indonesia is North and covers large and small islands constituting a Sumatera. This province has become strategic in unified territory, political, economic, social cultural, realizing the idea of a maritime nexus delivered by and historical areas whose territorial boundaries are the president of Indonesia. First, the province of drawn from the archipelagic base" (UU No 32, North Sumatera consists of 33 districts/cities, to the 2014). east is directly adjacent to the Malacca Strait (BPS, The potential to become the maritime nexus of 2017). Second, the province of North Sumatera has a the world has been conveyed by the President of the coastline of 1,300 Km, of which 545 km is the Republic of Indonesia at the East Asia summit, in length of the East Coast Line. Both of these 2015. He mentioned five pillars that make Indonesia conditions place Noth Sumatera as a province that the Global maritime nexus; (1) Rebuilding contributes greatly to the realization of Indonesia as Indonesia's maritime culture; (2) Commitment to the global maritime nexus. Furthermore, the central maintain and manage marine resources by focusing government and regional governments in addition to on building sea food sovereignty through the ensuring the achievement of the implementation of 1663 Suhaidi, ., Rosmalinda, . and Alhayyan, R. The Global Maritime Nexus: Challenges in Managing Marine Area in North Sumatera Province. DOI: 10.5220/0010094016631669 In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages 1663-1669 ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches Indonesia's idea as a global maritime nexus should 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY also ensure protection and management of the sea, especially the marine environment of the East Coast This research was conducted by literature review of North Sumatera. and field. Literature study is carried out by Indonesia as a maritime country needs to realize collecting, reading and analyzing legal rules, books the importance of the function of protection and and information sources in the form of print or preservation. This must be realized in order to electronic. Field studies are carried out by collecting maintain dependence on natural resources in the sea information through in-depth interviews and focus in quantities and quality that meet the requirements group discussions (FGD) involving staff or leaders and are available in a sustainable manner. Especially of the agency if referring to the extent of Indonesian waters covering an area of 6,166,163 km2. The Indonesian sea which contents natural resources will add to land capacity, both biological and non-living. 3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION Unfortunately Indonesia still does not ratify or legalize laws and regulations that prevent and Indonesia is a maritime country. This statement is protect its waters from all types of ship true and may be believed by every Indonesian transportation pollution (Suhaidi, 2017). Therefore, citizen. A childhood experience of my sailor's the second pillar of the world's maritime nexus ancestors could be a reinforcement of that belief. strategy is important because he mentioned the The desire to reinforce that Indonesia is a leading maritime country during the current administration commitment to maintain and manage marine (Shanti, 2015). This hope certainly requires resources by focusing on building sea food Indonesia to be able to utilize all the marine sovereignty through the development of the fishing elements around it for the welfare of the people and industry by placing fishermen as the main pillars. the progress of the nation. Some writings state that The above situations and conditions are the desire to become a maritime country is actually opportunities for the Government of North Sumatera inseparable from the desire to immediately achieve Province. It's time for the North Sumatera provincial prosperity and prosperity in Indonesia (Shanti, government to prepare to realize strategic ideas 2015). Shanti Darmastuti and Emmy Farida Subekti, about Indonesia as the global maritime nexus. This for example, wrote in the challenges of Indonesian is important because opportunities can turn out to be maritime diplomacy towards the global maritime a threat when the central and regional governments, nexus that Indonesia would achieve prosperity and especially North Sumatera province, do not have prosperity through economic development of the readiness. These preparations include preparation of maritime domain (Shanti, 2015). policies such as spatial and regional policies and Furthermore, Latifah & Dinda Larasati wrote in management of the marine environment. internal challenges in realizing Indonesia as the This study focuses on the readiness of North global maritime nexus that the strategic idea of Sumatera provincial government in the field of Indonesia as global maritime nexus has a positive marine environment in facing the global maritime impact on improving Indonesia's economy in the nexus. Specifically the location discussed in this future. Thee paper stated that the position of study is the east coast of North Sumatera province, Indonesia as an international trade cross into a great the Malacca Strait. Two questions are asked to find economic resource if utilized to the maximum out what preparations have been made by the North through the global maritime nexus. It was further stated that the president of the Republic of Indonesia Sumatera provincial government, namely; what was targeting the successful global maritime nexus, policies have the North Sumatera provincial the progress of the lower middle-level countries with government to realize Indonesia as global maritime a per capita income of US $ 3,592 in 2015 towards nexus? And what is the North Sumatera Provincial the upper middle income countries with a per capita Government Challenge in preparation of Malacca income of US $ 10,000 in 2045. In other words, if Strait management related to Indonesian as global the policy of the global maritime nexus is achieved maritime nexus?. as expected then Indonesia can be sovereign in terms of the economy (Latifah, 2017). Both of these writings show that the hope of making Indonesia a global maritime nexus is a hope for the prosperity of the Indonesian people especially in the economy. This paper will then see 1664 The Global Maritime Nexus: Challenges in Managing Marine Area in North Sumatera Province whether these expectations can materialize in North One Act that is also important to note is Law No. Sumatera's east coast stretching along 545 km of 23 of 2014 concerning local government. This law beach. Not only the beach but also the location of provides an explanation of the
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