An Analysis on the Influence of NUSP-2 Program on Infrastructure Development Towards Societies’ Social and Economics in Tanjungbalai City

International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237

An Analysis on the Influence of NUSP-2 Program on Infrastructure Development towards Societies’ Social and Economics in Tanjungbalai City

Annisa Wanda Pakpahan1, Sirojuzilam2, Rahmanta2

1Posgraduate Students, Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Lecturer, Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of Economics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: Annisa Wanda Pakpahan

ABSTRACT generally associated with high levels of poverty and unemployment. Slum areas can North Sumatera still has several Slum Cities; also be a source of social problems such as one of them is Tanjungbalai, which is located in crime, drugs and alcohol. In various poor the coastal area. Tanjungbalai is considered to countries, residents live in very close areas, be one of the slums because this area has a high or are densely populated, so vehicles are population density and mostly inhabited by poor people. Another reason is that Tanjungbalai has very difficult to pass such as ambulances an unhealthy environment and unsupported by and firefighters. Unhealthy environments city services such as clean water, sanitation, and are not supported by city services, such drainage, roads, emergency access roads, and as: clean water, sanitation, drainage, landfills. Not only those, Tanjungbalai also environmental road networks and lacks access to education, health, public emergency access roads as well as waste facilities, and other social facilities. Based on disposal sites that are not available resulting this, the purpose of this study is to analyze the in a pile of garbage and finally became the factors that influence the societies’ economic center of health problems because of its and social conditions in terms of predictors: unhygienic condition. Another feature of road conditions, drainage, sanitation, and clean slums is the lack of access to education, water. The type of this research is quantitative and uses Path Analysis technique with SPSS. health, shared spaces and public facilities The results of this study are the condition of and other social facilities (Wikipedia). roads and drainage does not have a significant Problems with slums also occur in influence on the societies’ social and economics, Indonesia. The significant economic growth either directly or indirectly. On the other hand, in Indonesia in the last 10 years, followed sanitation and clean water infrastructure give a by the development of new residential areas significant effect on the economy and social which emerged as rapid development. This community both directly and indirectly. was marked by an increase in the number of people living in urban areas. Increasing the Keywords: Road Infrastructure, Drainage, number of people living in urban areas in Sanitation, Clean Water, Economics and Social 2012 amounted to 54 % compared to 49.7%

in 2010 (Ministry of PUPR, 2015). INTRODUCTION An increase or increase in the Slums are areas with high population number of people living in urban density in a city that is generally inhabited settlements can be a positive potential as by poor people. Slums can be found in well as social capital for urban areas in various major cities in the world. Slums are driving the economy in the region. A large

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 443 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city population provides market potential as well spearhead of development. In addition, the as labor that is expected to be able to move private sector can also be included through the economy in the real sector, but must be the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) accompanied by preparing enough jobs. program. Currently, there have been many The increasing number of residents CSR programs that have taken steps to living in urban areas is followed by various improve slum areas. Government, both problems that arise such as poverty due to central and regional directing the private lack of employment opportunities, the sector to enter priority locations. (Cipta emergence of slums, low quality of housing Karya Bulletin, 2014) infrastructure facilities and services, The City without Slums Program environmental problems and irregularity of (Kotaku) is one of the programs of the residential buildings and public services that Directorate General of Human Settlements are not optimal. Urban areas that are not of the Ministry of Public Works and Public managed properly cause many problems Housing in dealing with slums in Indonesia. that arise, causing the city government and The Kotaku Program is a collaborative its citizens to lose the opportunity to get program between the roles of local better and more decent environmental government and community participation. conditions. The Kotaku program will improve the The high rate of urbanization in quality, management, prevention of the Indonesia has a major impact on the emergence of new slums, and social and development of slums in urban areas. In economic assistance for the survival of a 2015, it was noted that the percentage of better and healthier community life in the slum households in urban areas reached slums. The program was implemented in 34 7.03%. Whereas in 2018, it decreased to provinces, spread over 269 regencies / 6.58% (Community Welfare Statistics, cities, in 11,067 villages / villages, and 2018). Although the development trend of targeted a slum area of 23,656 hectares slum areas has decreased, this is still a (Directorate General of Human Settlements, challenge for the government in realizing 2019). slum-free cities. City programs without slums up to The development of housing and 0% are the Indonesian government's priority settlements in urban areas is the impact of programs targeted to be met in 2019. There an increase in population. Increasing the are several challenges faced by the number of residents in urban areas is not government in the process of implementing only caused by population growth factors, this program, namely: (i) the unavailability but also due to high rates of urbanization. of accurate data related to slums that need to The imbalance that occurs between the high be addressed, (ii) limited local government rate of urbanization and the fulfillment of capacity, and (iii) handling slum areas is infrastructure facilities / infrastructure that still far from optimal limits (Directorate is affordable and livable becomes the main General of Human Settlements, 2015). source of problems for the emergence of In its implementation, the slums. (Directorate General of Human Directorate General of Human Settlements Settlements, 2019). of the Ministry of Public Works and Public The government, in this case the Housing is based on Law Number 1 of 2011 Ministry of Public Works and Public concerning Housing and Settlement Areas Housing, cannot work alone in realizing and PUPR Rapermen. The law states the slum-free cities. Management of slums is importance of improving the quality of not just about physical improvement, but settlements and preventing slums in urban also how to improve the lives of people in areas. the area. In the current era of The Neighborhood Upgrading and decentralization, local governments are the Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) Program

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 444 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city is one of the Kotaku sub-programs, which slum area among other cities in North aims to improve the quality of slum areas in Sumatra Province, so it is a city priority cities which are implemented based on or handled by the Neighborhood Upgrading driven by the community. Some of the and Shleter Project Phase II (NUSP-2) targets are buildings, environmental roads, program. drinking water supply, environmental The main problems of slum drainage, waste water management, waste settlements in Tanjungbalai City according management, fire safety, and public open to the Slum Improvement Action Plan space. This program is a continuation of the (SIAP) document are infrastructure facilities NUSSP Program (Neighborhood Upgrading and infrastructure that are not eligible and and Shelter Sector Project) which ended in limited, irregularity in buildings and houses 2010 Because of the limitations of the are not suitable for habitation, Areas prone National Budget, the NUSP-2 Program uses to flooding and inundation, Most residents loan funds from the Asian Development are classified as poor and low-income, most Bank (Directorate General of Human of the population's livelihoods are laborers Settlements, 2019). and fishermen and the lack of concern for Regency / city selection to get the environment and awareness of clean and NUSP-2 program intervention is selected healthy behavior. according to the criteria of population Slum dwellers in Tanjungbalai City characteristics, size of slums, access to basic are socially and economically not infrastructure and basic services, and homogeneous, their residents have diverse commitment of the local government in livelihoods and densities, as well as their implementing slum settlement management origins. In slum communities known for by issuing a Regent / Mayor Decree on social coatings based on economic Slum Areas (Directorate General of Human capability. Most slum dwellers are those Settlements, 2016). In this regard, the who work in informal sector or have Ministry of Public Works and Public additional livelihoods in the informal sector. Housing has targeted several regions in In 2015, as a form of effort in several districts / cities. One of the targets dealing with slums in the city of involved in the NUSP-2 Program for the Tanjungbalai, the Government of the City of 2015-2019 period is Tanjungbalai City. Tanjungbalai issued a Decree of the Mayor According to the Secretary of the concerning the Determination of the Department of Housing and Settlements of Location of Slums in the City of Tanjungbalai City, that Tanjungbalai City is Tanjungbalai Number: 600/352 / K / 2015. one of the 20 cities that received the NUSP- This is a prerequisite for implementing the 2 program. This is because the city of City without Slums (KOTAKU) national Tanjungbalai is committed and has the program and the Neighborhood Upgrading readiness to carry out the program by and Shelter Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) preparing regional budgets to support Program. NUSP-2 program activities in the form of In the book on regional economic APBD allocations in the activities of development (Sirojuzilam, 2016) there are building infrastructure development that are two stages. The first stage, in essence, integrated with the Regional Spatial development aims to eradicate poverty. If Planning (RTRW) and the Urban Settlement this goal has begun to feel the results, then and Infrastructure Development Strategy the second stage is to create opportunities (SPPIP), in addition to from the extent of for citizens to be able to live happily and the slums that are a priority. meet all their needs. Tanjungbalai City is a priority for Infrastructure plays an important slum management through the City without role in economic growth. This is because, in Slum program because it has the largest the short term, such as creating employment

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 445 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city in the construction sector, whereas in the water for the community becomes a medium and long term it will support reference in measuring the quality of life. increased efficiency and productivity of the This is because clean water is a substance related sectors. Infrastructure is the answer that is very important for human life, and to the needs of countries that want to needs to be met (Katrini, 2014). The basic encourage economic growth, by helping to infrastructure of clean water is able to reduce poverty, improve the quality of life influence dominantly on direct saving, with of people, support the growth of the low costs or access to clean water can have economic center and increase the mobility an impact on the quality of public health of goods and services (Ja'far M, 2007). In (Brenneman & Kerf, 2002). the context of economic growth, The next infrastructure is public / development is the basis for reducing or communal MCK. Public toilets are very eliminating poverty, inequality, and much needed for densely populated areas unemployment (Sirojuzilam, 2016). with low economic levels, which have The development of the smaller housing areas than standard Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter residential areas per person. The Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) infrastructure construction of public toilets can control program is able to provide employment for environmental pollution due to the residents, so that it can be a source and centralized flow of wastewater, as well as increase income for the people in slum areas facilitate the government in the provision of where the majority of people work non- clean water. Public MCK infrastructure is permanent. one indicator of solving community The first infrastructure, namely the sanitation problems in slums, aside from infrastructure of the Road Environment. clean water supply problems. Good and adequate road infrastructure has As one of the community-based an important role in sustaining the economic development programs aimed at supporting growth of a region. This is because; road the realization of cities without slums, the infrastructure affects various community NUSP-2 program in the framework of urban activities through easy access between development planning and improvement of regions, and triggers equitable development housing conditions in slum areas that favor that will have a positive impact on the poor, can open jobs for the poor during increasing employment (Ompusunggu, the process ongoing infrastructure 2008). development. The next infrastructure is Environmental Drainage. Drainage Hypothesis functions as flood control (Nandi, 2010). Based on the concepts presented, the Drainage is one of the important research hypothesis is formulated as infrastructures that must always be follows: monitored in Tanjungbalai City. This is 1. Environmental Road Infrastructure (X1) because the settlements of the coastal area Has Positive Impact on Community of Tanjungbalai City are always exposed to Economic Improvement (Y1). flooding from sea water and land 2. Environmental Drainage Infrastructure subsidence. Tidal water that stagnates, even (X2) Has Positive Impact on reaching into people's homes, causes Community Economic Improvement damage to building structures, which in turn (Y1). has an impact on the quality of houses that 3. Infrastructure Provision of Clean Water look dirty (Tanjungbalai City Government, Infrastructure (X3) Has a Positive 2015). Impact on Community Economic The third infrastructure, which is Improvement (Y1). Clean Water. Provision of access to clean

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 446 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city

4. Public MCK Infrastructure (X4) Has a Nibung, 2) Village Kuala Silo Bestari in Positive Influence on Community District Tanjungbalai City II , 3) The Economic Improvement (Y1). Village Semula Jadi and 4) Village Selat 5. Environmental Road Infrastructure (X1) Tanjung Medan in District Datuk Bandar Has Positive Impact on Community Timur and 5) Village Sei Raja in District Sei Social Conditions (Y2). Tualang Raso. 6. Environmental Drainage Infrastructure The research method is a scientific (X 2) Has a Positive Influence on way to get data with a specific purpose. Community Social Conditions (Y2). Based on this there are four things that need 7. Infrastructure Provision of Clean Water attention, namely: scientific method, data, Infrastructure (X3) Has a Positive purpose, and usability. The scientific way Impact on the Social Conditions of the means that research activities are based on Community (Y2). scientific characteristics, namely rational, 8. Public MCK Infrastructure (X 4) Has empirical and systematic. Positive Impact on Community Social In this study a path analysis method Conditions (Y2). is used. The path analysis technique was 9. Environmental Road Infrastructure (X1) first developed by Sewell Wright in the Has a Positive Influence on Community 1930s. This technique is used to test the Social (Y2) Through Community causal relationship that is suspected to be Economic Improvement (Y1). plausible between one variable and other 10. Environmental Drainage Infrastructure variables in the experimental conditions (X2) Has a Positive Influence on (Muhidin, 2009). Pathanalysis method is a Community Social (Y2) Through method that examines the direct and indirect Community Economic Improvement effects of the hypothesized variables as a (Y1). result of the effect of the treatment of these 11. Infrastructure Provision of Clean Water variables. This analysis is a development of Infrastructure (X3) Has a Positive multiple regression analysis with arrows Impact on the Social Community (Y2) showing the relationship between variables Through Community Economic (Suyana Utama, 2012). Improvement (Y1). Influence of NUSP-2 program 12. Public MCK Infrastructure (X4) Has a infrastructure (Symbol X) consists of four Positive Influence on Community Social Environmental Road variables (X1), (Y2) Through Community Economic Environmental Drainage (X2), Clean Water Improvement (Y1). (X3), and Public MCK (X4), as an 13. Community Economic Improvement independent variable (independent) of (Y1) Has Positive Impact on Community Economic Variables (Y1) and Community Social (Y2). Social Variables (Y2).

MATERIAL AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This research was conducted in 5 The Effect of Environmental Paths On (five) sub-districts of 4 (four) sub-districts the Economy (Revenue) Partially in Tanjungbalai City, who have carried out Infrastructure systems are often the the Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter most visible sign of development in an Project Phase 2 (NUSP-2) program, which economy. However, this cannot be used as a is a program to improve the quality of urban benchmark in the City of Tanjungbalai, slums. The implementation of the program because transportation and roads have not in the five villages took place for three affected the movement of people and goods years, starting in 2016 until 2018. efficiently. The five villages are 1) Village In urban areas in North Sumatra, Beting Kuala Kapias in District Teluk trade trends are more advanced while poorer

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 447 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city

(rural) regions lack many economically local workforce. However, due to the meaningful dimensions of connectivity. unavailability of funds for maintenance of Jones (2006) notes that development in Asia existing infrastructure because the KPP does has led to a concentration of infrastructure not have a source of income and the in urban areas to support export-led infrastructure built (roads) cannot generate activities. money. This has resulted in the impact of Infrastructure development is the local workers who had previously gotten main pathway to poverty alleviation. jobs by becoming laborers on road Unfortunately in Asia today, "Infrastructure construction, returned to unemployment deficits hamper market-led growth and when the road was finished. Local workers access to social services in many countries." can no longer be used for maintenance (ADB, 2008a.) This happens in the workers because maintenance funds are Tanjungbalai region, where companies and provided through community self-help agriculture do not grow because the city is contributions. an area poorly connected; and in these From the aspect of economic locations, people do not have access to improvement, the implementation of goods and services, including those for infrastructure development creates jobs but education and health that can build human is temporary, as long as the construction capital. takes place. Socially, a form of community Infrastructure is synonymous with awareness has increased to maintain the economic development such as roads, results of infrastructure development in the railroads, and other utility systems. The lack NUSP-2 program (Rama et al, 2018). of infrastructure services signals that it will be hampered for economic growth. The Effect of Environmental Drainage on Infrastructure development that is Economics (Income) Partially not accompanied by other treatments such Integrated water resources as: regional market development, increasing management (IWRM) defines drainage as a local potential, and increasing regional process for the development and superior products, will have an impact on: management of coordinated water, land and 1. Not optimal economic growth related resources, to maximize the economic 2. The reduction in poverty will be slow and social welfare that is produced equitably 3. Not yet optimal absorption of additional without compromising the sustainability of labor vital ecosystems (GWP 2000). Partial improvement of road Good drainage will have an conditions will also create no connectivity, economic and social impact. This has a so that overall production capacity considerable positive effect on agricultural expansion does not occur; market productivity, water control and flood connectivity and other economic facilities mitigation. that may expand overseas; improved access But drainage is also often done to key facilities such as health, education, poorly in protecting vital ecosystems, the and other basic services (Jones, 2006). environment, and other resources such as According to Rama et al (2018) fisheries (Dayam et al, 2004). This is in line indeed the improvement in the economic with the results of this study that drainage field is also related to the management and has no effect on the economy and social maintenance of infrastructure built through community of Tanjungbalai. Drainage does the NUSP-2 program. In implementing not have much impact: on the fisheries infrastructure maintenance, the program sector, public health, on the protection of forms a Utilization and Maintenance Group buildings and urban infrastructure and on (KPP) whose duty is to manage and the environment because: maintain the built infrastructure through the

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 448 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city

1. Drainage does not have a large impact In general the level characterization on fisheries production and productivity of drainage systems should provide detailed in Tanjungbalai. This is because and specific local descriptions of the drainage investment is not in the sector drainage system. Characterization at this of improving the economy but only for level serves the design of the field level and preventing floods into residents' homes. the implementation of drainage Drainage planning is also not intended interventions, specifically land and water to make a major contribution to public resource control systems, for a number of health, drinking water supply, and precisely defined functions. sanitation. The system level is the level of 2. Maintenance of the drainage system is concrete drainage interventions, where also felt to be still lacking by the technical and operational designs must be community because, there is still carried out within a framework established damage to buildings and other by government policy and planning at the community infrastructure when the landscape level. This small drainage system water level overflows when it rains. can be built independently and managed by 3. The environmental function is often the community. However, in Tanjungbalai negatively affected by drainage. This is there is no additional separate system for in line with what happened in wastewater treatment and urban drainage, a Tanjungbalai, namely drainage as a main channel maintenance program for channel for the distribution of flood control, and so on. wastewater and other pollutants. According to the drainage study The Effect of Clean Water on the conducted by several previous researchers Community's Economy Partially (Dayem et al, 2004) there are 6 Water is an essential material in diversification factors for drainage which human life, this can be seen from the human this did not happen in Tanjungbalai, need for water to meet their daily needs. namely: The need for clean water in the City of 1. Drainage in Tanjung Bali has not served Tanjungbalai is increasing as development many different users such as for continues to grow. The development has an fisheries, new agriculture is only limited impact on increasing population and diverse to preventing water from entering our land uses. homes in the rainy season. If not properly anticipated, the need 2. The drainage system has not affected for water increases without the fulfillment many functions of the resource system of services to the community. Therefore, the and various sectors in the community. provision of clean water infrastructure needs 3. The scale of the drainage system has not should require good planning. The problem varied. issue faced is the large demand for clean 4. Environmental factors are also the main water that is not balanced with the optimal thing that makes drainage benefits not supply of clean water from the PDAM. optimal such as climate and season, Water distribution services from slope and height, soil characteristics, PDAM Tanjungbalai have not been able to groundwater characteristics, reach several areas. From the facts that biodiversity, and ecological processes. occur, it shows that there are limitations of 5. Diversity of social and economic PDAMs in efforts to supply clean water. conditions (prosperity and values, This illustrates that Tanjungbalai still needs distribution of strengths and cultural a clean water program in the form of a clean backgrounds, social and political water distribution network supply that can structures). meet the needs of the community. The desire for an adequate supply of clean water

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 449 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city distribution network can be started by The results of this study are also in knowing the extent of the socio-economic line with research from Isthara et al (2013) and cultural conditions of the people in where economic limitations are a barrier to Tanjungbalai in consuming clean water. a program, people in slum areas claim that This research was conducted to almost people who do not have latrines determine the extent of the influence of the because they do not have funds and lack of socio-economic conditions of the health awareness. The community also community on clean water consumption objected if they had to spend money to buy patterns in Tanjungbalai. The results clean water so they could not access obtained from this study are that clean water drinking water because the purchase was is a significant factor in the economic and hampered which was quite expensive. social conditions of the Tanjungbalai community due to the following factors: The Effect of Public MCK on Community Impacts related to municipal water include: Economy Partially 1. Household drinking water treatment The Water and Sanitation Program with various methods of using bottled has launched a Multi-Country Sanitation water by households. Economic Initiative (ESI) to assess the 2. Piped water (a small portion of this use economic impact of poor sanitation. The is associated with inadequate sanitation, overall goal of the ESI is to provide and the rest is for factors such as evidence to decision makers at the country comfort), and and regional level to advocate for increased 3. Transport clean water from long investment in improving sanitation and for distances outside the household because efficient planning and implementation of closer water sources may be sustainable sanitation and hygiene contaminated due to poor sanitation. programs. Impacts of access time include: The sanitation study has the effect of 1. Cost of the additional time needed to producing evidence on the economic effects access shared toilets and open of current sanitation arrangements and defecation compared to using private hygiene practices in relation to human waste toilets in the household, and management (and associated hygiene), both 2. The cost of absent school time due to in rural and urban areas in Tanjungbalai. inadequate toilet for girls and time The findings of this study are the impacts absent from work due to inadequate produced for collecting and analyzing data toilet for working women. on the actual costs and benefits of various Economic impacts of tourism include: sanitation options or interventions in various 1. Potential loss of tourism revenue, and contexts of sanitation programs. The impact 2. The economic impact of digestive of ESI is very relevant to the sanitation diseases among foreign tourists. challenges facing the people of Based on the literature review, Tanjungbalai today in both rural and urban attribution factors are used to trace back areas. proportions and figures that can be These challenges are substantial, associated with poor water conditions. with large populations defecating in the Economic assessments are carried out on the open or using untreated toilets and a very loss of tourism potential, the high cost of high proportion of human waste released buying clean water, the human capital without being treated both on land and in approach is used to assess human life - water bodies (especially from urban areas). which explains economic losses over the Inadequate sanitation and poor years due to one's lack of productivity due hygienic practices cause large public health to deterioration in health conditions due to costs, for example the costs of death and lack of clean water and sanitation. illness caused by inadequate sanitation, as

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 450 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city well as other environmental and welfare from sewage contamination due to limited impacts. However, there has not yet been MCK and hygiene practices that reduce found accurate data on economic losses due transmission of disease (including through to inadequate sanitation because there have food), so as to increase disease diarrhea. been no detailed and serious studies. Changes in behavior and a sustainable This study seeks to estimate the economy are the key to improving health. economic impact. This study analyzes the The construction of standardized MCK will impact of sanitation and hygiene practices also create a clean environment, but it must separately, through conventional approaches be ensured that water access to community that poor sanitation and lack of clean water sanitation is available. will create "water-borne diseases." In line with the results of research Many infectious diseases are caused from Nur Mutia (2018), that the level of by poor sanitation and lack of clean water. satisfaction and interest of the community This study analyzes the adverse economic towards the development of MCK is quite impacts of inadequate sanitation at the city high and has the opportunity to be level, using available information about developed because it is rooted in the health (death and disease) and other community and is managed well through impacts, including regarding availability Community Self-help Groups. and quantity of drinking water, for welfare and losses related to tourism (the number of Partial Effect of Environmental Paths On tourists who reluctant to spend the night in Social Community Tanjungbalai). Research (Rama et al, 2018) which Sanitation is broadly defined to states that the failure of the drainage system cover the management of human waste, in slums is an indication of inappropriate solid waste and drainage. and key technology selection, where the NUSP dimensions that cause a substantial health program tends to handle through burden on the Tanjungbalai Community, conventional drainage forms that attempt to especially the poor. The UN-WHO Joint drain water as quickly as possible to the Monitoring Program for Water Supply and main water body without regard to the Sanitation (JMPDWSS, 2008, 2010) defines addition of water catchment areas "improved" sanitation facilities as facilities (environmentally sound drainage) or that hygienically separate human waste creating a better drainage system from human contact. This includes facilities According to (Hanifah, 2016) rob that flush or flush into the pipeline system, not only damages the environment and septic tank, or pit latrines, as well as better building houses but also causes damage to ventilated latrines and latrines with toilet roads as environmental accessibility. This slabs. The economic impact of inadequate means the environment can become slum sanitation is first estimated in the non- again and the infrastructure that is built will economic unit and then converted to an be damaged. In addition, the management of economic unit using an appropriate sewage and rubbish in this area has not yet valuation method. Health-related impacts been handled with the potential to pollute include: Health care costs incurred to treat water bodies (Java Sea) and the illnesses caused by poor sanitation, and lost environment more massively. The handling productivity, i.e. loss of productive time due model that can be done in this case are the to sick people, and loss of productive time models: (Cahya and Juanda, 2012) when caregivers need to care for the sick. a) Land sharing model: the arrangement of Support for the results of this study roads with a high level of community is in line with findings from Unicef (2016) awareness. In structuring the that drinking water in slums in poor and government takes into account the need developing countries tends to be unsafe for public infrastructure needs.

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 451 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city b) Land consolidation model: Land pay attention to the provisions in the consolidation is a land policy regarding applicable regulations. the restructuring of land tenure, ownership and use to suit the RTRW, as The Influence of Clean Water on the well as land acquisition efforts for Partial Social Society development purposes aimed at The need for clean water in Tanjung improving the quality of the Balai uses PAM water supplied by the environment / maintenance of PDAM, every year it is estimated that the environmental roads, by involving direct need for clean water will increase due to community participation, both in urban higher population growth resulting in and rural areas. The goal is to achieve increased demand for clean water. That optimal utilization of the Road, through needs an alternative development of new increasing the efficiency and raw material sources. The garbage productivity of land use with the aim of processing system at Tanjung Balai also realizing an orderly and orderly control impacts on the condition of clean water in and use of roads, in the sense of Tanjung Balai. The community is developing new areas and developing accustomed to throwing garbage directly urban areas (urban renewal). into the river, the community's habit of causing river pollution is therefore there is a The Effect of Environmental Drainage on need for serious handling of this by Society Socially Partially conducting an integrated waste management The existing drainage network system in Tanjung Balai by implementing system in Tanjung Balai is still relatively several waste treatment system inadequate, the inadequate drainage network The NUSP project is expected to system is vulnerable to the occurrence of have a series of positive impacts both inside river pollution by the community. and outside the Project area. With a large According to Malau (2006) drainage amount of investment related to the becomes narrow and shallow because land provision of clean water, waste management is limited, consequently in the rainy season (solid and liquid), improvement of the potential for flooding is very large, community infrastructure, strengthening of layout and narrow roads cause circulation social institutions, it is expected that movements to become undirected, as well as improvements will occur which include the environmental sanitation being unhygienic. quality of surface water, ground water and So there needs to be some development of a seawater and the end is a significant better drainage network including: improvement environmental conditions for 1. The drainage network system that is organisms and residents in the Project and built should use the concept of pumping surrounding areas. Likewise, socio- to a shelter that has been prepared and economic benefits will arise throughout the then processed before being discharged life of the Project as a result of increased into the river. employment and business opportunities and 2. Normalizing the drainage system and income levels. There will also be other strengthening the dam / plaster around benefits such as improved health services, the Pulo Geulis. education, training and support for 3. The construction of new buildings must vulnerable people (ESC, 2018) pay attention to the sustainability of the river. The Effect of MCK on Community Social 4. Construction of new buildings - directly Partially or indirectly - is not allowed to build on Population access to settlement rivers and / or eat river bodies, and must wastewater infrastructure and facilities is basically closely related to aspects of health,

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 452 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city the environment, education, social culture, construction, drainage, clean water sources and poverty. The results of various and public toilets. But at the time of project observations and studies have proven that implementation, NUSP was able to create the easier access of residents to residential jobs during implementation waste water infrastructure and facilities (as The construction work took place by well as understanding of hygiene), the less involving the community as day laborers, likely the occurrence of cases of the spread and becoming impromptu traders. The of disease (epidemics) (Mutia et al, 2018). NUSP program prioritized the involvement The people of Tanjung Balai have of local workers during the construction used individual waste water systems or activities. Based on the results of interviews toilets, but not all of them have been conducted by the writer with the local RT managed properly, many of which have not and RW that there are quite a number of been equipped with septic tanks so that the residents absorbed into the workforce. sludge is discharged directly into water Where the residents who become bodies. Even if there is a septic tank that is workers are people who are unemployed or rarely or totally not sucked, it becomes a do not have permanent jobs. Absorption of successor to wastewater which then seeps this workforce without any special into the ground and contaminates it. requirements and prior training, so that the For this reason, NUSP made the proposed community will immediately work Community Based Sanitation (Sanimas) when the work takes place. Because labor program in Tanjung Balai a solution in the absorption depends on physical projects, provision of wastewater infrastructure and when the project is finished there are not a facilities by building MCK Plus. This few people who are unemployed again. But activity has promoted the provision of NUSP has sought to reduce unemployment community-based settlement wastewater and improve the economy with the infrastructure and facilities with a needs- management and maintenance of responsive approach. Community-based infrastructure built through the NUSP-2 sanitation activities focus on the program that uses local labor. The task of consumption of household wastewater, the community is to carry out maintenance especially human waste, but it is not closed and management of infrastructure that has also to deal with domestic industrial been built by the NUSP-2. wastewater that can decompose naturally. In the implementation of the Sanimas program, The Influence of Environmental Roads, the institutional, management and financing Drainage, Clean Water, MCK and aspects are indispensable for the Community Economy on Community sustainability of services and preservation of Social assets that have been built by the The NUSP program supports active community. community involvement both from implementation and from supervision. The Influence of Environmental Roads, NUSP involves residents at the Drainage, Clean Water and MCK on implementation stage through collaborative Community Economy work and mutual assistance during Based on the NUSP Implementation construction. Whereas at the supervision Document and the results of interviews with stage the forms of citizen involvement are the Consular Consultant (CA) that the material checking through KSM program does not have activities or trainings (Community Self-help Group) elements and that support the improvement of community supervision of construction work carried out skills in the economic field (Rama, et al. by the local RT / RW. 2018) This Project only focuses on building Not only men, women are also physical infrastructure such as road involved in this project. Women's

International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 453 Vol.7; Issue: 1; January 2020 Annisa Wanda Pakpahan et.al. An analysis on the influence of NUSP-2 program on infrastructure development towards societies’ social and economics in Tanjungbalai city involvement is through the screening of 5. The community's economy has a proposals / input of activities on a special significant effect on the social bloating agenda for women, involvement in community. village level deliberations and consumption 6. The environmental road has a positive preparation at the time of the program but not significant effect on the social implementation. Citizens' concern for the community. built infrastructure in the form of 7. Environmental drainage has a positive community service in cleaning drainage but not significant effect on the social channels and the availability of the community. community to improve the infrastructure 8. Clean water has a positive and built independently. In addition, the form of significant effect on the social community concern for the environment can community. also be seen from the results of observations 9. Public MCK has positive and significant in the form of the provision of plant pots to effect on the social community. beautify the region. 10. The environmental road has no However, in some RWs there are still significant effect on the social unclean lifestyles from the community, this community through the community is found in the lack of basic infrastructure, economy. the program itself does not carry out other 11. Environmental drainage has no interventions besides roads and drainage significant effect on the social and there are no non-physical activities to community through the community improve the community's clean lifestyle. economy. Elrayies (2016) sees that social 12. Clean water has a significant effect on sustainability can be achieved through the social community through the social inclusion, participation, community economy. empowerment, and community 13. Public MCK has a significant effect on mobilization; this was also added by Degert the social community through the (2016) that social sustainability can be seen community economy. at a more advanced level, namely an increase in community capacity and RECOMMENDATIONS community awareness of the region. The suggestions in this study are: 1. Suggestions for research need intensive CONCLUSIONS AND direction to the community to RECOMMENDATIONS implement clean and healthy lifestyle by CONCLUSIONS community leaders and health cadres. In The conclusions in this study are: addition, routine physical facilities are 1. The environmental road has a positive monitored and operators need to shut but not significant effect on the people's down the manual pumping machines economy. and do not depend on just one person so 2. Environmental drainage has a positive that the community has the same but not significant effect on the people's responsibility. economy. 2. Based on observations and lessons 3. Clean water has a positive and learned about the level of community significant impact on the community's awareness in the implementation of economy. slum settlement management activities 4. Public MCK has a positive and in Tanjungbalai City, it is proposed to significant effect on the community's renew the performance of the program economy. activities not limited to output but sustainable outcome and benefits, including:

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