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National Party and Local Politics in Ordos, Inner Mongolia (1926-1935) Christopher P
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and School of Arts and Sciences Civilizations 1992 National Party and Local Politics in Ordos, Inner Mongolia (1926-1935) Christopher P. Atwood University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the East Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Atwood, Christopher P., "National Party and Local Politics in Ordos, Inner Mongolia (1926-1935)" (1992). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 22. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/22 At the time of publication, author Christopher P. Atwood was affiliated with Indiana University. Currently, he is a faculty member in the East Asian Languages and Civilizations Department at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/22 For more information, please contact [email protected]. National Party and Local Politics in Ordos, Inner Mongolia (1926-1935) Disciplines Arts and Humanities | East Asian Languages and Societies Comments At the time of publication, author Christopher P. Atwood was affiliated with Indiana University. Currently, he is a faculty member in the East Asian Languages and Civilizations Department at the University of Pennsylvania. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/22 CHRISTOPHER ATWOOD (Bloomington) NATIONAL PARTY AND LOCAL POLITICS IN ORDOS, INNER MONGOLIA (1926-1935) At the beginning of spring 1929, a lama was cremated in Üüshin banner, on the Ordos plateau. After the fire burned out the attend- ants gathered the remnants of his bones and, mixing these sacred rel- ics with earth, interred them in a small pagoda designed to hold the remnants of holy men* An unridden horse was released on the steppe for the liberation of the lama's soul, while the living monks held serv- ices in the temple. -
The POSS-Final Suffix Order in Dagur∗
The POSS-Final Suffix Order in Dagur Gong The POSS-Final Suffix Order in Dagur∗ 2 Background on Dagur • Dagur is an endangered Mongolic language of northern China spoken by about 132,000 people Mia Zhiyu Gong, Cornell University with 24,300 monolinguals (Ethnologue 2019). [email protected] • There are four (mutually-intelligible) dialects of Dagur: Buteha, Qiqihar, Hailar, and Ili/Xinjiang. The 50th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society • The data in this paper comes from Buteha and Hailar dialects. October 26, 2019 2.1 Background on Dagur Nominal Morphology ................................................... ......................................... • The head noun can be followed by three types of suffixes (in this order): PL, CASE, POSS. 1 Introduction j • This talk: (2) Merden (minii) guˇc -sul -d -min ˇašGen ši -sen Merden 1S.GEN friend -PL -DAT -1S.POSS letter write -PST ⊲ Dagur possessive constructions ‘Merden wrote a letter/letters to my friends’ ⊲ The stem-CASE-POSS (POSS-final) order as in (1)1 (1) Merden (maanii) guˇc -d -maan j ˇašGen ši -san • The basic possessive morphology in Dagur is illustrated with (3): Merden 1PL.GEN friend -DAT -1PL.POSS letter write -PST (3) a. (minii) biteG -min j b. *minii biteG ‘Merden wrote a letter to our friend’ 1S.GEN book -1S.POSS • In (1) ‘my book’ ⊲ The DP our friend is marked for dative case ⊲ There is person and number agreement between the possessor (marked as genitive case) and the ⊲ The dative marker precedes the 1PL.POSS suffix possessive (POSS) suffix. ⊲ • All (attested) case and POSS suffix in all person-number combination follow this order 2. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 341 5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019) Study on the Inheritance and Development of the Plastic Arts of the Suolun Tribe in the Sino-Russian Heilongjiang River Basin* Zhongfeng Fu Hui Xie Heihe University Heihe University Heihe, China Heihe, China Abstract—The Suolun tribe of the Heilongjiang River Basin became the exclusive of the Ewenki. In the discussion of this in China and Russia is a multi-ethnic inhabited tribe. In the article, the ancient meaning of the Suolun tribe is followed. long-term development, it has formed an individual as well as The plastic arts are formed by the Suolun tribe in the long- general style of art. Starting from this point of view, the article term development, which has a national style and is a first analyzes the modeling art of Ewenki, Daur, and Oroqen concentrated expression of national aesthetics and an from the perspectives of costume modeling, architectural important carrier of the national spirit. modeling and art modeling, and then deeply discusses the characteristics of the Suolun tribe in the Sino-Russian Heilongjiang River Basin: the breath of life is thick; the II. THE CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC ARTS OF national character is prominent, and the religious color is THE SUOLUN TRIBE IN THE SINO-RUSSIAN HEILONGJIANG distinct. Finally, from the three perspectives of national RIVER BASIN aesthetic value, regional cultural value and cultural inheritance value, the value of the Suolun tribe's plastic arts in the A. Analysis of Ewenki's Plastic Arts Heilongjiang River Valley between China and Russia is The Ewenki people are cross-border ethnic groups in the discussed. -
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Ill DEMCHUGDONGROB’S EARLY CAREER 1919-1928 The Ruling Prince of His Own Banner After the old Prince Namjilwangchug died, there was not an actual ruling prince of the Sunid Right Banner for almost seventeen years. Therefore, Demchugdongrob’s assumption of power as jasag was a momentous and happy occasion for the whole ban ner. It also relieved, at least ostensibly, his “ official” mother (the Turned khatun, the first wife of his father) and the elderly officials of the banner of their heavy responsibilities.' During 1919, Prince De’s first year in charge of the banner administration, a group of Buriyad Mongolian intellectuals initiated the Pan-Mongolian movement, and in late February convened a meeting of delegates from Buriyad and Inner Mongolia at Dau- ria, in Siberia. They decided to organize a government for all Mongolia and sent repre sentatives to the Paris Peace Conference to strive for international recognition ofMon golia’s independence. Because it had already established its own government. Outer Mongolia rejected the invitation, but some Inner Mongols, especially the leaders of the Hulunbuir area in the far north of Inner Mongolia, were willing to Join, and the Naiji- Toyin Khutugtu of Hohhot Turned (Inner Mongolia) was recognized as their leader. Though this movement failed to achieve its goal of recognition at the Paris con ference, it influenced all of Mongolia. Even though the activities of Japanese militarists and the White Russian leader, Semenov, overshadowed this movement, it still helped to rouse a common Mongolian desire for unity and independence. Although Demchugdong- rob was not involved in these matters, he was inevitably influenced by them. -
Appendix 1. a Brief Description of China's 56 Ethnic Groups
Appendix 1. A Brief Description of China’s 56 Ethnic Groups Throughout history, race, language and religion have divided China as much as physical terrain, political fiat and conquest.1 However, it is always a politically sensitive issue to identify those non-Han people as different ethnic groups. As a result, the total number of ethnic groups has never been fixed precisely in China. For example, in 1953, only 42 ethnic peoples were identified, while the number increased to 54 in 1964 and 56 in 1982. Of course, this does not include the unknown ethnic groups as well as foreigners with Chinese citizenship.2 Specifically, China’s current 56 ethnic groups are, in alphabetical order, Achang, Bai, Baonan, Blang, Buyi, Dai, Daur, Deang, Derung, Dong, Dongxiang, Ewenki, Gaoshan, Gelao, Han, Hani, Hezhe, Hui, Jing, Jingpo, Jino, Kazak, Kirgiz, Korean, Lahu, Lhoba, Li, Lisu, Manchu, 1 The text is prepared by Rongxing Guo based on the following sources: (i) The Ethnic Minorities in China (title in Chinese: “zhongguo shaoshu minzu”, edited by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC) of the People’s Republic of China and published in 2010 by the Central Nationality University Press, Beijing) and (ii) the introductory text of China’s 56 ethnic groups (in Chinese, available at http://www.seac.gov.cn/col/col107/index.html, accessed on 2016–06–20). 2 As of 2010, when the Sixth National Population Census of the People’s Republic of China was conducted, the populations of the unknown ethnic groups and foreigners with Chinese citizenship were 640,101 and 1448, respectively. -
Modern Inner Mongolia (Central Eurasian Studies 569) Syllabus for the Course Offered in Spring 2001 Indiana University Dept
«Central Asian Studies World Wide» Course Syllabi for the Study of Central Eurasia www.fas.harvard.edu/~casww/CASWW_Syllabi.html Prof. Christopher P. Atwood Modern Inner Mongolia (Central Eurasian Studies 569) Syllabus for the course offered in Spring 2001 Indiana University Dept. of Central Eurasian Studies Prof. Christopher P. Atwood Department of Central Eurasian Studies Indiana University Goodbody Hall 321 1011 East 3rd St. Bloomington, IN 47405-7005 U.S.A. [email protected] CASWW - Syllabi Christopher P. Atwood, Modern Inner Mongolia U569 Modern Inner Mongolia (0719) Syllabus Spring, 2001 Instructor: Professor Christopher P. Atwood Phone: 855-4059; email: catwood Time: Days and Time: Tuesday and Thursday, 1:00-2:15. Place: Ballantine Hall 316 Office Hours: 11:15-12:05 T, 1:00-1:50 W and by arrangement Office: Goodbody Hall 321 Description: What region in the world has the largest population of ethnic Mongols? What region in Chinese was the first testing ground for the Chinese Communist minority policy? What region in China has had the most lasting impact from the Japanese occupation during World War II? What region of the world produces the largest part of the world’s cashmere and most of its rare earths? Which region in China suffered the most in the Cultural Revolution? The answer to all these questions is: Inner Mongolia. This course explores the fascinating and often tragic history of Inner Mongolia from about 1800 to the present. We will trace the patterns of Mongolian institutions and ideas and Han Chinese immigration and settlement through the Qing, the New Policies, the Chinese Republic, the Japanese Occupation, the Chinese Civil War, and the see-sawing PRC policies. -
Ethnic Nationalist Challenge to Multi-Ethnic State: Inner Mongolia and China
ETHNIC NATIONALIST CHALLENGE TO MULTI-ETHNIC STATE: INNER MONGOLIA AND CHINA Temtsel Hao 12.2000 Thesis submitted to the University of London in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London. UMI Number: U159292 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U159292 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T h c~5 F . 7^37 ( Potmc^ ^ Lo « D ^(c st' ’’Tnrtrr*' ABSTRACT This thesis examines the resurgence of Mongolian nationalism since the onset of the reforms in China in 1979 and the impact of this resurgence on the legitimacy of the Chinese state. The period of reform has witnessed the revival of nationalist sentiments not only of the Mongols, but also of the Han Chinese (and other national minorities). This development has given rise to two related issues: first, what accounts for the resurgence itself; and second, does it challenge the basis of China’s national identity and of the legitimacy of the state as these concepts have previously been understood. -
Using Toponyms to Analyze the Endangered Manchu Language in Northeast China
sustainability Article Using Toponyms to Analyze the Endangered Manchu Language in Northeast China Zhenhua Zhu ID , Hongyan Zhang *, Jianjun Zhao ID , Xiaoyi Guo ID , Zhengxiang Zhang ID , Yanling Ding and Tao Xiong School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (T.X.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-431-8509-9550 Received: 12 January 2017; Accepted: 16 February 2018; Published: 24 February 2018 Abstract: UNESCO has classified Manchu in Northeast China as a critically endangered language. Toponyms can act as carriers of languages and can be preserved for a long time. The Manchu language was the national language in the Qing Dynasty, and there are many Manchu place names in Northeast China that serve as “living heritages” that retain traces of ancient local cultures. We studied Manchu and other related ethnic place names in Northeast China by integrating spatial statistical measures using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze the endangered languages in the region. The objective was to explore not only the distribution of ethnic toponyms within a relevant historical context but also the environmental factors associated with the endangered Manchu languages. This study reveals that the distributions of ethnic groups and languages can be revealed by the Sinification of ethnic toponyms in Northeast China. The evolution of spatial patterns of toponyms shows the interactive process between Manchus and Han Chinese. The Manchu language is endangered by the influences of Han Chinese migrants on the original culture, as reflected by crops and the distances to the nearest roads, which are indicators of farming culture and accessibility. -
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IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR REFERENCES As mentioned in the Preface, the narrative of this work is based on events that I myself have experienced, things I have personally heard and seen. Consequently, this work is written primarily from the first person point of view. Beside the scattered materi als that I have collected, which are not listed here, the following are the major references I have used. Mongolian Nanjing Office of the Mongolian League and Banner Delegates, ed. Mongghol-un khural jublel-dur joblen tasulaghsan kereg (Resolutions passed by the Mongolian Confer ence), 2 vols., Nanjing, 1930. Mongolian-Tibetan Affairs Commission, ed. Mongghol-un khural jubel-un neilegulun jokiyaghsan bichig (Complete record of the Mongolian Conference), 2 vols., Nanjing, 1930. English Rupen, Robert A. Mongols of the Twentieth Century. 2 vols. Bloomington: Indiana Uni versity Press, 1964. Chinese Dewang zai Alashan ZE it ^ (Prince De in Alashan), Literal^ and Historical Materials of Alashan League, No. 5. Alashan: The Research Committee for Alashan League's Literary and Historical Materials, 1988. Hao Weimin g , ed. Nei-Menggu zizhiqu shi, 1947-1987 F*i) ^ ^ § '(n ® 5^ • Hohhot: The Inner Mongolian University Press, 1991. He Yangling M M W.- Cha Sui Mengmin jingji de jiepou ^ IS ^ S S pO (An analysis of the economy of the Mongols in Chahar and Suiyuan). Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1935. Jagchid, Sechin. Menggu zhi jinxi ^ ^ ^ "a (Mongolia then and now). Taipei, 1955. Legislative Yuan Border Government Committee, ed. Bianzheng fagui huibian iBC }4: H ^ (Compendium of Laws and Regulations of Border Government). Taipei, 1952. Lu, Minghui. Menggu "zizhi yundong” shimo ^ § (n jM it) ^Ip ^ • Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1980. -
The World Tree of Languages: How to Infer It from Data, and What It Is Good For
The world tree of languages: How to infer it from data, and what it is good for Gerhard Jäger Tübingen University Workshop Evolutionary Theory in the Humanities, Torun April 14, 2018 Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees Torun 1 / 42 Introduction Introduction Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees Torun 2 / 42 Introduction Language change and evolution “If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken throughout the world; and if all extinct languages, and all intermediate and slowly changing dialects, had to be included, such an arrangement would, I think, be the only possible one. Yet it might be that some very ancient language had altered little, and had given rise to few new languages, whilst others (owing to the spreading and subsequent isolation and states of civilisation of the several races, descended from a common race) had altered much, and had given rise to many new languages and dialects. The various degrees of difference in the languages from the same stock, would have to be expressed by groups subordinate to groups; but the proper or even only possible arrangement would still be genealogical; and this would be strictly natural, as it would connect together all languages, extinct and modern, by the closest affinities, and would give the filiation and origin of each tongue.” (Darwin, The Origin of Species) Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees Torun 3 / 42 Introduction Language phylogeny Comparative method 1 -
Negation in Mongolic
SUSA/JSFOu 95, 2015 Benjamin BROSIG (Stockholm) Negation in Mongolic This paper attempts to give a functional overview of negation in the Mongolic language family. In Early Middle Mongol, standard, prohibitive and perhaps ascriptive negation were coded by the preverbal negators ese for perfective/past, ülü for imperfective/non- past and büü for most moods including imperatives. It contrasted with the locative- existential-possessive negator ügei, which could also negate results and constituents. In most modern Mongolic languages, ügei made inroads into standard and ascriptive negation, competing with busi ‘other’ for ascriptive negation starting from Late Middle Mongol. Possessive constructions, while always based on ügei, are expressed through a range of different syntactic patterns, and a new locative-existential negator alga devel- oped in one area. Newly developed verbal negators include the broadly used former resultative verbal negator -üüdei, and -sh, a more restricted reflex of busi. The change of negator position had consequences for its scope and interaction with other categories, which are discussed in some detail for Khalkha. While prohibitives always remained preverbal, preventives emerged from declaratives, acquiring modal characteristics. In this paper, I intend to present a sketch of the development of negation in Mongolic. In contrast to previous research, I will not structure the investigation around cog- nates, but rather explore how different functions are expressed in the individual lan- guages. Following the line of (then-ongoing) research by Ljuba Veselinova (2013), the functional categories to be investigated include verbal declarative negation, existen- tial, locative and possessive negation, the ascriptive negation of adjectives and nouns and, additionally, verbal preventives and prohibitives. -
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V THE EARLY PERIOD OF THE JAPANESE INVASION 193M933 The Manchurian Incident and the Mongolian Response During the summer of 1931, a series of conflicts occurred between the Chinese and the Japanese military adventurers along the Korean border. Among these conflicts, the Wanbaoshan Incident was the most sinister; because of this incident, tension between the two countries greatly increased. These incidents were planned and instigated by the Japanese militarists to create a pretext for invasion. In the early morning of September 18, 1931, the Japanese army stationed at the Japanese Concession in the Shenyang (Mukden) area shelled the military base of Zhang Xueliang’s forces located at the Northern Camp and started the Manchurian Incident. At that very moment, Zhang, who was in Beiping, asked for instructions from Nanjing. The watchword of the KMT was “ nonresistance,” a policy that, it was thought, would earn China the support of world opinion and force the Japanese to back down through peace ful measures. Although the League of Nations in Geneva was sympathetic to China, such moral support could neither help the antiaggressive advocacy of certain Japanese politi cians nor halt the militarists’ adventures. The Japanese Guandong Army in Dalian and LUshun took advantage of the Chinese policy of nonresistance to swiftly occupy all of Manchuria, including the Jerim League, the Hulunbuir area, and the Yeke-Minggan Ban ner of eastern Inner Mongolia. During this time, the Soviet Union’s military was suffer ing from Stalin’s purges, and so could mobilize no real strength to halt Japanese expan sion. This incident had a great impact in Mongolia, China, and northeast Asia.