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ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service Paris, 2004-10-01 Reporting Service 2004, No. 10 CONTENTS 2004/143 - EPPO declaration: Plant Health Endangered 2004/144 - First report of Thrips palmi in Portugal 2004/145 - Presence of ‘Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus’ confirmed in Brazil 2004/146 - Results of the 2003/2004 surveys on Pepino mosaic potexvirus done in United Kingdom 2004/147 - Absence of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Slovakia 2004/148 - Pepino mosaic potexvirus does not occur in Sweden 2004/149 - Pepino mosaic potexvirus does not occur in Estonia 2004/150 - Phytophthora ramorum does not occur in Estonia 2004/151 - Phytophthora ramorum does not occur in Slovakia 2004/152 - First report of Cerataphis brasiliensis in France on imported palms 2004/153 - First report of Acizzia jamatonica in France: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2004/154 - Details on the situation of Helicoverpa armigera in Serbia 2004/155 - Further details on earlier findings of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 race 3 in Pelargonium zonale cuttings in Europe 2004/156 - Lysichiton americanus (Araceae): addition to the EPPO Alert List 2004/157 - International Workshop ‘Invasive Plants in the Mediterranean Type Regions of the World’ (2005-05-25/27, Montpellier, FR) 2004/158 - Two Regional Standards for Phytosanitary Measures adopted by APPPC 2004/159 - Accession of the European Union to the revised IPPC 1, rue Le Nôtre Tel. : 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail : [email protected] 75016 Paris Fax : 33 1 42 24 89 43 Web : www.eppo.org EPPO Reporting Service 2004/143 EPPO declaration: Plant Health Endangered At the EPPO Conference on Quality of Diagnosis and New Diagnostic Methods for Plant Pests (Noordwijkerhout, NL, 2004-04-19/22), serious concerns were raised about knowledge erosion and decrease of specialists in the field of plant health. In September 2004, the administrative session of EPPO Council was followed by a Colloquium on ‘scientific services in support of NPPOs in the EPPO region’ (Madeira, PT, 2004-09-23/24). As a result, a state of emergency was declared and the Council Colloquium agreed on the following declaration: Plant Health Endangered - State of Emergency The work of National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) relies on scientific expertise, but the services providing this expertise increasingly lack staff, funds and training. On the one hand, the whole scientific basis of the phytosanitary field is quickly eroding. Taxonomy, classical plant pathology and other scientific fields which are vital for sustaining sound public policy are threatened with extinction, because they are no longer in the forefront of science priorities. On the other hand, the need for phytosanitary expertise, training and research is substantially and continuously increasing. The number and complexity of plant pest problems increases every year. New developments and new technology have to be mastered, going far beyond existing expertise. Unless urgent action is taken, indispensable expertise and scientific disciplines will irreversibly disappear, and NPPOs will be unable to do their duty. Source: EPPO Secretariat, 2004-09. 2004/144 First report of Thrips palmi in Portugal The NPPO of Portugal recently informed the EPPO Secretariat that Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae – EPPO A1 list) has been detected in kiwi flowers (Actinidia chinensis) in the areas of Braga and Vila do Conde, in the region of Entre Douro e Minho (Northwest of Portugal). Inspections in ornamental nurseries and garden centres will be reinforced. As the pest was found at an unfavourable time of the year, the situation will be assessed in spring 2005 at the two locations concerned in order to define phytosanitary measures to be implemented. Source: NPPO of Portugal, 2004-12. Additional key words: new record Computer codes: THRIPL, PT 2 EPPO Reporting Service 2004/145 Presence of ‘Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus’ confirmed in Brazil In Brazil, the presence of citrus greening disease (EPPO A1 list) was reported for the first time in 2004 in a major citrus-growing area (Araraquara county) in São Paulo state (see EPPO RS 2004/103), but it was not known which species (‘Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus’ or ‘Ca. L. africanus’) was present. Molecular studies (PCR, cloning and sequencing of the amplified fragments) confirmed the presence of ‘Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus’ in two affected trees (Citrus sinensis cv. Hamlin and Valencia). It still remains unclear how and when the pathogen entered Brazil. Source: Coletta-Filho, H.D.; Targon, M.L.P.N.; Takita, M.A.; De Negri, J.D.; Pompeu Jr., J.; Machado, M.A.; do Amaral, A.M.; Muller, G.W. (2004) First report of the causal agent of Huanglongbing (‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’) in Brazil. Plant Disease, 88(12), p 1382. Additional key words: new record Computer codes: LIBEAS, BR 2004/146 Results of the 2003/2004 surveys on Pepino mosaic potexvirus done in United Kingdom Official surveys for Pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV - EPPO Alert List) were done in United Kingdom from 2003-08-01 to 2004-07-31. Inspections were made at premises involved in the production of tomato plants and fruit, as well as on tomato fruit, seed and other material moving in trade. Samples were tested by ELISA. • Premises involved in the production of tomato plants 36 premises were visited (6 were propagators registered for plant passporting and 30 were premises producing or selling tomato plants for retail only). 65 inspections were made and 8 samples were submitted - all were negative. All samples were taken from propagators authorised for plant passporting. • Premises involved in the production of tomato fruit 63 premises were visited, 133 inspections were made and 58 samples were taken, of which 22 were positive from 6 premises (England and Wales). There were 5 outbreaks of PepMV confirmed on nurseries during the reporting period where statutory action was taken. 3 EPPO Reporting Service • Fruit moving in trade 42 premises were visited and 243 inspections were made. 40 samples of imported fruit were tested, of which 36 were positive. The origin of the positive samples was: Spain (mainland: 14; Canary Isles: 19), Netherlands (3). • Seeds 5 premises were visited - 2 were propagators, from whom 25 samples were taken which were all negative, and 2 were growers, from whom 7 samples were taken, with one positive on seed from the Netherlands. The situation of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in United Kingdom can be described as follows: Present, 5 outbreaks were detected in 2003/2004 only in tomatoes grown for fruit production, under official control. Source: NPPO of United Kingdom, 2004-11. Additional key words: detailed record Computer codes: PEPMV0, GB 2004/147 Absence of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Slovakia A national survey for Pepino mosaic potexvirus (EPPO Alert List) was done in Slovakia in 2004. It focused mainly on commercial tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in the field or in protected conditions. Imported plants were also inspected. In 2004, 58 inspections were made on a total of 17,314 plants (corresponding to 131 ha). 4 plants (in 2 samples) were taken and sent to the laboratory for DAS ELISA testing. All samples were negative. The situation of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Slovakia can be described as follows: Absent, confirmed by survey. Source: NPPO of Slovakia, 2004-11. Additional key words: absence Computer codes: PEPMV0, SK 4 EPPO Reporting Service 2004/148 Pepino mosaic potexvirus does not occur in Sweden A survey on Pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV - EPPO Alert List) was done in Sweden from March until October 2004. 24 inspections were carried out at tomato production sites and 18 samples of plants or fruits were tested. All samples were negative. It is recalled that PepMV had been found once in 2001 (see EPPO RS 2001/157), but since then no new infection has been detected. The NPPO of Sweden considers that PepMV is absent from its territory. The status of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Sweden is declared as follows: Absent, confirmed by survey. Source: NPPO of Sweden, 2004-12. Additional key words: absence Computer codes: PEPMV0, SE 2004/149 Pepino mosaic potexvirus does not occur in Estonia In Estonia, an official survey for Pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV - EPPO Alert List) was carried out in August 2004. This survey focused on inspection of glasshouses producing tomato fruits. Visual inspections of plants and fruits were carried out in 23 premises. During every inspection, 2-4 samples were taken, even in the absence of any symptoms. One sample consisted of 10 leaves taken from different plants. A total of 70 samples was sent to laboratory and tested by ELISA. All tests were negative. No PepMV has been found in the tomato fruit production of Estonia during the official survey in 2004. The status of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Estonia is declared as follows: Absent, confirmed by survey. Source: NPPO of Estonia, 2004-11. Additional key words: absence Computer codes: PEPMV0, EE 5 EPPO Reporting Service 2004/150 Phytophthora ramorum does not occur in Estonia In Estonia, an official survey for Phytophthora ramorum (EPPO Alert List) was carried out from May to September 2004. It mainly focused on Rhododendron and Viburnum species growing in nurseries and garden centres. It was not conducted in forests, as there are only few wild Viburnum and no wild Rhododendron species in Estonian forests. In addition, all other potential host plants of P. ramorum were more intensively checked during regular inspections. During this survey, 38 inspections were made at 36 premises and 1 arboretum. During each inspection, 1 or several samples were taken and sent for diagnosis, even in the absence of any symptoms of the disease. Out of 48 samples, 35 were taken from Rhododendron, 5 from Viburnum, 3 from Quercus, 2 from Syringa, 1 from Acer and 1 from Fagus.
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  • A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance

    A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance

    A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance Í1 pa CO -< -^» United States PREPARED BY Agriculture (ÎCâdl) Department of Agricultural Handbook ^^^¡/ Agriculture Research Number 505 Service Reprinted by permission of Agricultural Research Service January 1986 A CHECKLIST OF NAMES FOR 3,000 VASCULAR PLANTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE By Edward E. Terrell Agriculture Handbook No. 505 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, P.C. Issued May 1977 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the following botanists for their suggestions on the nomenclature and taxonomy of certain plant groups: G. Buchheim, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, Pa.: W. J. Dress and P. A. Hyppio, L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N.Y.; H. S. Gentry, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Ariz.; C. B. Heiser, Jr., Indiana university, Bloomington; C. F. Reed, Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Md.; J. D. Sauer, University of California at Los Angeles; B. G. Schubert, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; E. S. Ayensu, F. R. Fosberg, D. B. Lellinger, D. H. Nicolson, R. W. Read, and D. C. Wasshausen, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; and the following botanists in the U.S. Department of Agriculture: R. A. Darrow, Vegetation Control Division, Fort Detrick, Md.; P. A. Fryxell, Texas A. and M. University, College Station; E. L. Little, Jr., Forest Service, Washington, D.C.; T. R. Dudley and F. G. Meyer, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C.; and A. S. Barclay, Medicinal Plant Resources Laboratory, and J. A. Duke and C. R. Gunn, Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, Beltsville, Md. The technical assistance of Delia Barnes and Janet Kluve, University of California at Davis, is also appreciated.