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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL on ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES E- ISSN: 2615-8140|P-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April 2021 Formation of nouns with diminutive meaning in modern Karakalpak language Bekbergenova Gulaim Aizharykovna Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Azhiniyaz, Uzbekistan ------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: The article deals with ways and Baskakov, R.Ikramova, M. A.Jurabayeva, forms of expressing subjective estimation of A.Muradov., etc. diminutive terms of nouns in modern Karakalpak. In this paper, we will try to analyze the In spite of some works on this theme, it remains diminutive suffixes of nouns in modern insufficiently explored in modern Karakalpak Karakalpak language. language. One of the forms of expressing Forms of nouns that express diminutiveness subjective estimation of diminutive terms of are used to show the diminution of objects and nouns is affixation. This study presents the people by age, volume, size. formation of diminutive affixes of nouns– sha/ - In modern Karakalpak language, the number she, shaq/ -shek, -shyq/-shik , - ek// -k in modern and scope of diminutive suffixes is limited. This Karakalpak language. The paper first presents the includes the affixes - sha/ - she, shak/ - shek, - characteristics of subjective evaluation and shyk/ - shik, etc. expressiveness of nouns. Next, the paper reviews the studies on subjective forms of the noun in DISCUSSIONS Turkic linguistics. Then analysis of the diminutive Study on diminutive affixes of nouns in suffixes of nouns in modern Karakalpak language Karakalpak language аffix -sha / - she is given, concluding that, diminutive forms in the As a diminutive affix -sha/-she has form- Karakalpak language are expressed by means of building feature. For example: er+she, (small diminutive affixes. These include the affixes -sha/ saddle) korpe+she, (small quilt) musin+she (small - she, - shak/ - shek, - shyk/ - shik, -ek /-k and give a figure(sculpture work) xaykel+she (small statue), diminutive meaning to a person, object, animal dorba+sha (small bag), bel+she (small shovel), names, etc. and create a new form. sandiq+sha (small chest), quti+sha (small box), etc. Key words: subjective estimation, As form-building affix, it forms nouns with diminutive, endearment, affix, subjective forms diminutive meaning from the following words and meaning, endearment, form-building, denote, determines that these subjects are small in unproductive. comparison with the main ones: 1.the names of the subjects of the domestic INTRODUCTION industry and denotes dimunitive meaning. For Subjective estimation and expressiveness is example: Iyig’in’a ershe salipsan’ (Zhiyen zhiraw). a very complex, multi-faceted category that has an Muptilla ag’a ta’wip a’kelipti, - dedi ol apasinin’ objective-subjective character. Subjective forms of to’seginin’ zhaninda ko’rpeshe to’sestirip the noun give additional meaning to the main (O.A’bdirakhmanov). …dorbashasinan nan feature of the subject, that is, a sign of sindirip, awzina bir tislem saldi diminutiveness, endearment, respect, humiliation, (T.Kayipbergenov). ridicule, reinforcement, etc. Such meanings are In these examples, diminutive form of nouns expressed by adding special affixes or words. is formed with the help of affixes - -sha/-she.: In Turkic linguistics, this question was er+sh, (small saddle), korpe+she (small quilt), etc. considered by A.N.Kononov, R Kungurov, N.A 2. Affix-sha/-she is added to the nouns, denoting the names of plants and forms diminutive © 2021, IJOT | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab) www.researchparks.org | Page 21 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April 2021 meaning. For example: putaq+sha(small shrub), qaray shegingen fashistlerdin’ bo’limsheleri na’l+she (small sprout), zhapiraq+sha ( leaflet), etc. shubirip o’tti (A.Bekimbetov). Bir ku’ni U’sh zhuldiz u’zgendey aydin’qasinan, zhumistan kelip,esikti asha bergenimde Putaqshani alip keldim qasin’a (I.Yusupov). man’layshadan bir khat zherge tors ete qaldi (I. 3.- sha/-she is added to the nouns, signifying Kurbanbayev). knowledge and trade and has diminutive meaning. 8. In some cases, this affix is added to a noun For example: kitap+sha (booklet), da’pter+she expressing respect for women and means not only (small notebook), etc. Examples: Qoyin qaltasinan a diminutive meaning, but also denotes respect: shig’arip amant kassasinin’ bir kitapshasin usindi khan+sha, khanim+sha (in the meaning of lady, da: Minada eki zhuz min’ manat bar, uslap Madam, missis) etc. For example: Khanimsha, tur,ga’pimdi bo’lme, uslay ber,-dedi (Sh.Seyitov). Al sorpa ishin’iz, zhazilasyz (T. Kaipbergenov). sag’an aqsha kerek bolsa,tuw ana tartpani Affix-shaq / - shek ash,menin’aylig’imnan awistirip qoyg’an eki min’ In the Turkological literature, the origin and amnatliq amanat da’ptershe bar (O. phonetic variants of affix-shaq/ - shek is Abdirakhmanov). interpreted in different ways. Scientists Vambery 4. Affix -sha/-she is added to the nouns and Denis associate suffix-shaq and its phonetic denoting the meaning of space and forms variants with chag (<chang) meaning quantity diminutive meaning: maydan+sha (small playing and time [1]. field), qorg’an+sha (small fortress, ataw+sha (islet), Uzbek linguist A. Gulomov also considers qala+sha (townlet), baq+sha (small garden), that the affix –shaq came from the words chog, diywal+sha (small wall), etc. For example: Bir choq,meaning small number, volume [2]. waqitlari maydanshanin’ arg’i betinen meshitke According to G.I. Ramstedt, the affix – - shak (- qaray eki-ush adam kele berdi (A.Bekimbetov). saq) is derived from the connection of -sh and-aq Qislaw bolg’an zherlerde anaw-minaw emes (с and аq) [3]. qalashalar payda boldi (K.Ma’mbetov). In the Kazakh language phonetic variant of 5. - sha/-she is added to the nouns, signifying this affix – shaq, -shek, - shiq, - shik [4], in the the name of animals and their children or their Kyrgyz language –сек (-сik)[5], –chik, -chyk, -chuk, small species: gunan+sha (kolt), o’giz+she (bull- -chak, -chek, -chok [6] in the yakut language -chik, calf) and others. Examples: G’unanshag’a ko’zlik, –chuk [7], in the Turkish language -cik (-cik), cuk zhipek zhona, nagysly aq terilik bezedim, basima (-cük), -çik (-cik), çuk (çük), -cak,-cөk [8], in the qara telpek, u’stime uzyn zhipek shekpen, belime Oyrot language -chak, -chek (-chok) [9], in the tu’rme belbew buwyip kiyinip, alip,qayerde toy- Bashkir language - sak/-syk, -sek,- sok, -sök [10], ,in tamasha, zhyraw-baqsi bolsa qaldirmay qidira the Altay language- –ĉаq/-сөк, ĉоq/cök, in the basladim (K. Ayimbetov). Olar o’gizshe soyip Khakass language-zeh/–zek,-uzah/ -izek can be ekewimizdi mira’t etti (K. Ayimbetov). found. 6. Suffix -sha/-she is added to the nouns K. Diykanov, N. K. Dmitriev, M. Shamsieva, K. meaning various geometric shapes and show Sharafutdinova name these affixes as dimunitive their small size and volume: zhuldyz+sha affixes. (starlet), siziq+sha (small line), shen’ber+she A. N. Kononov, N. A. Baskakov, N. P. (small circle, circlet), qayiq+sha (small boat), etc. Dyrenkova, author of "Modern Kazakh language", 7. Affix -sha/-she is used to denote E. I. Ubryatova, V. V. Reshetov, G. N. Ramstedt, A. residential buildings, farms, industry, military G. Gulomov, Z. M. Marufov, S. Usmanov name enterprises, as well as a part of an item: affixes -shaq/-shek as diminutive-endearment bo’lim+she (small part), man’lay+sha (small door affixes. head) shabaq+sha (small perch), shaqap+sha In the modern Karakalpak language, the affix (subdivision), etc. Examples: Zhol boyinda keyin -shaq/-shek is added to the names of some © 2021, IJOT | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab) www.researchparks.org | Page 22 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April 2021 animals and gives a caressing meaning. For ku’nlerinin’ zhag’imli samallari menen zhelbirep, example: qulin+shaq (foal), tayin+shaq (foal in the biyday ren’ betinin’ ustin siypap o’tedi (I. second year), tulki+shek (pup), etc. Qurbanbayev). ….. sebebi ha’zir eshkilerde tu’bit Zhilqi ishinde qulinshaq, Zhal quyrig’I bir ko’p, eger keshiktirse, tu’biti tu’sip, tek qilshig’i qushaq (Karakalpak folklore). -A’yy tayinshag’im, qaladi (Q. Ayimbetov). a’ken’ qartaydi ( X.Otemuratova). 4) It is added to the names of places and These nouns mean a baby horse or foal and shows a diminutive meaning: ko’l+shik (small express a diminutive meaning. lake), etc. Example: Quda qalese, onlag’an This affix is also added to other nouns and ku’nnin’ ishinde on’g’arip taslarman min’bawdi, gives a diminutive meaning to the subject biraq ko’lshikti oriwg’a brigadtan rukhsat a’per expressed by the noun: sho’p+shek, gu’d+shek, etc. (O.Abdirakhmanov). Examples: Anaw kishkene gu'dshekti Sometimes the affix -shyq/-shik is used to masaqshilarg’a bo’listirip beriwden artiq express the small form of plants: tu’bir+shik miriwbet zhoq (T. Kayipbergenov). Qay bi rata- (stump), bala+shyk (young sprouts), etc. For ananin’ buyrig’in orinlaw ushin tu’nde otin example: Tomarlari shirip ,tubirshik bolip qalg’an bazarinan sho’pshek tergen balalar,tuyelerdin’ (Т.Kayipbergenov). aralarinan o’tip seksewildin’ zhin’ishke shaqalarin In the Karakalpak language this affix is sindirdi (Q. Ayimbetov). unproductive compared to other affixes. Affix-shyq / - shik Affix-ek / -k This affix is unproductive in the Karakalpak In the Karakalpak language, this affix is language. It can be found in the following cases: unproductive and does not always express a 1) Affix-shyq/-shik is added to nouns subjective meaning: tiken+ek (thorn), a’yn+ek denoting household items and shows a diminutive (window), egiz+ek (twin), kozgenek (hole), meaning. For example: saray+shyk (small palace) tuyirtpek (lump), etc. For example: Da’slep ol' esh tu’yin+shik (small knot), kap+shyk (small bag).
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