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Obsolete Words in the Dialect of Tamdy Karakalpaks

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Obsolete Words in the Dialect of Tamdy Karakalpaks The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: September 10, 2020 | Pages: 101-104 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue09-13 Obsolete Words In The Dialect Of Tamdy Karakalpaks Saodat Saparbaevna Shamshaddinova Independent Researcher, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh, Uzbekistan Journal Website: http://usajournalshub.c om/index,php/tajssei Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. ABSTRACT The article deals with obsolete words in the dialect of Tamdy Karakalpaks. The author, together with the work of some researchers who conducted studies on Tamdy Karakalpaks, collected the lexical units used in the local dialect and turned into obsolete words and presented them in alphabetical order. On this basis, it is taken into account that the Tamdy’s dialect is widely used obsolete words related to military vocabulary and ethnonyms and proposed the question of the current introduction of such obsolete terms in dictionaries. KEYWORDS Tauelibay, Tamdy Karakalpaks, speech, obsolete words, ethnonyms. INTRODUCTION Tamdy – is considered a large part of the Turkestan governor-general in the Tsarist Tauelibay region, located between the Russia. Since 1918 belonged to the Amudarya Syrdarya and the Amudarya. Tauelibay land in region, since 1924 to the Kungradsky District of the early days was an independent territory. At the Karakalpak Autonomous Region (since the beginning of the XVIII century, the people 1930 the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet of this land were under the citizenship of the Socialist Republic). Since 1928 was formed in Bukhara khanate, then Bukhara emirate under the Tamdy district. In 1943, temporarily the leadership of the Mangit dynasty. Since transferred to the Bukhara region. In 1981, it 1873, these lands belong to the Amudarya became part of the educated Navoi region. In department of the Syrdarya region of the the years 1988-1992 was part of the Samarkand The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 101 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: September 10, 2020 | Pages: 101-104 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue09-13 region, after the Bukhara region. In 1992, in began to mix with each other, and not connection with the reorganization of Navoi separately. region, it was transferred to its structure. Currently, it is one of the largest areas of the Since the last centuries, representatives of the Navoi region. Kazakh people living in the steppes have settled in the territory of Tamdy Karakalpaks The main population of the region is [3, p. 3-5]. Until the middle of the twentieth Karakalpaks and Kazakhs. The Karakalpaks, century, Karakalpak and Kazakh villages were living in this region, differ from their language built separately. Therefore, their language has and traditions from the Karakalpaks of the Aral its own differences. However, after the 1940s, Sea and related peoples. Tamdy Karakalpaks Karakalpak schools and classes were closed, Tamdy have their rich lexical foundation. This is and the next generation began to study in the especially evident from the folklore materials Kazakh language. Therefore, the number of collected to date. To my great regret, until now native speakers gradually decreased. As a the talk of Tamdy Karakalpaks has not turned result, the historical vocabulary of Tamdy into an object of a separate study. Karakalpaks has become obsolete, and they are among the "old words". MAIN PART In this article, we have tried to explain the The language of the Karakalpaks in the Aral Sea meaning of such words, which are forgotten in region is divided into two major dialects. One the dialect of Tamdy Karakalpaks and are of them is the Arka (North) dialect, the other is found only in folklore texts with memories of the Kubla (South) dialect [1]. In addition, there the younger generation, and put them in are Karakalpaks in different places, who have alphabetical order. We did not divide the words been living separately from their relatives in in our view into archaisms and historicalisms, the Aral Sea region for a long time. Their but grouped them together. speech is not included in either of the two dialects. One of them is Tamdy Karakalpaks [2], 1. ABA. This word was formerly used as a one of the representatives of the dialect, who synonym for the word "village". The word now wears his national identity. "ABA" is no longer used alone, but in pairs: awıl-aba, qońsı-aba. The Karakalpaks living in the Tamdy region 2. ARYS. In the Karakalpak language, the have retained their strong ethnic identity. Due word "ARYS" has several meanings. 1) part to the fact that they served as military of the cart; 2) year, tribal unity; 3) a person, defenders in the border areas, their language an activist; 4) the lion. In folklore, the word has a rich lexical base associated with historical "arys" means "aristocratic", "noble": ethnonyms, settlements, military skills and Karakalpak - a lion breed. stable occupations. At the beginning of the 3. ARYSLY. The name of the historical tribe of twentieth century, with the establishment of a the Karakalpak people descended from the new government, the local population was Kungrad arys. In accordance with the united into farms and subordinated to a single policy of the Emir of Bukhara in the XIX administrative structure. Thus, the military- century, some Karakalpak tribes were democratic life, which had been forming over relocated to other provinces and merged. many centuries, disintegrated, and the tribes Therefore, in the Tamdy region, the term The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 102 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: September 10, 2020 | Pages: 101-104 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue09-13 "arysly" is used as a "historical ethnonym" divided from the Mangyts, is also derived [4, p. 124]. from it: kelebatır-qılqalı, kelebatır-mańǵıt. 4. ASABA. If in Karakalpaks, Kazakhs and 10. QAZANLÍ. One of the historical ethnonyms Kyrgyz people well-known and respected of Karakalpak origin is called "kazanly". people died, a year after his death, they According to the genealogists, the name of invited the people neighboring countries the ethnonym is connected with the and held a feast in honor of the ghosts. symbol (tamga). Due to the decrease in the They called this ceremony "as", and the number of Kazan residents, who suffered a ruler called it "asaba" [5, p. 130-131]. The lot of massacres as a result of the fighting, word "Asaba" is preserved in the historical they joined their relatives, and the name of documents of the Karakalpak people [6, p. the ethnonym is found only in genealogical 201]. records. 5. BAJYQURT. In the history, Tamdy 11. QOSHADAR. The regular servants who Karakalpaks defended the border. They accompanied the khans, sultans and biys collected customs from caravans passing were called "qoshadar" [7, p. 26-28]. The through their territories. Customs officers word is completely obsolete now. are called "Bajyqurt". The word " Bajyqurt" 12. SOZAQ. A term widely used until the is also found in research works on the twentieth century. Suzak is the ancestor history of the Karakalpak people [7, p. 69, and historical name of the Karakalpaks. In 72]. the past, the phrases "Sozak - the son of 6. BOZAYSHY. Among shepherds, the word is the father", "ten bullets Sozak" were often applied to horsemen. In the old Karakalpak used at weddings and gatherings, but now language, the words "bozy" or "bozay" these concepts are used only in mean "horse", and "bozayshy" is used genealogical duties [8, p. 107]. instead of "horsemen". The term 13. TOQSABA. In the speech of Tamdy "Bozayshy" is also found in the language of Karakalpaks the term "toqsaba" is used in folk epics. two senses. The first is the common motto 7. JALAYR. In folklore and historical of the Karakalpak Kipchaks, the second is documents, the word "Jalayr" often means the position of the Emir of Bukhara [6, p. "people", "many people". For example, "I 142; 9, p. 11]. speak on behalf of Jalayr", "He slaughtered 14. TÓLEŃGIT. In the past, the term "Tolengit" Jalayr's only horse", etc. The word "Jalayr" was applied to the group of troops that is now known as a tribal term and a large defended the khan-sultans and their tribal association: sır jalayır (qara ulı jalayır), descendants [10, p. 2-40]. Now the sırt jalayır (qazaqnamay jalayır). concept of "tolengit" means the term 8. JIGITAY. In ancient times there were wild tribe: tóleńgit-qazayaqlı, tóleńgit- horses in the steppes of Tauelibay. They qaraqalpaq. were called a "jigitay" in a local 15. TÓRE. Until the beginning of the twentieth conversation. Nowadays, such horses are century, the word "tóre" meant, firstly, the called "tarpan", "jigitay". descendants of the former khans and 9. KELEBATYR. A brave man who has the sultans, and secondly, the officials of the strength of several people and is the only tsarist government [6, p. 152-153, 217]. Now one who can defeat the enemy is called a it is understood as a tribe of the Karakalpak "kelebatyr". The tribe of kelebatyr, which is people. The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 103 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: September 10, 2020 | Pages: 101-104 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue09-13 16. TUWLÍǴA. In the Turkic peoples, the iron 2. Mámbetov K. Tariyx tórkinleri. Nókis: hat worn during military training and Bilim, 1999. P. 160. battles is called: 3. Aydarov T.A.
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