INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORANGE TECHNOLOGIES www.journalsresearchparks.org/index.php/IJOT e- ISSN: 2615-8140|p-ISSN: 2615-7071 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April 2021
Formation of Nouns with Diminutive Meaning in Modern Karakalpak Language
Bekbergenova Gulaim Aizharykovna* Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named afterAzhiniyaz, Uzbekistan ------***------ABSTRACT: The article deals with ways ridicule, reinforcement, etc.Such meanings are and forms of expressing subjective estimation of expressed by adding special affixes or words. diminutive terms of nouns in modern Karakalpak. In Turkic linguistics, this question was considered In spite of some works on this theme, it remains by A.N.Kononov, R Kungurov, N.ABaskakov, insufficiently explored in modern Karakalpak R.Ikramova, M. A.Jurabayeva, A.Muradov., etc. language.One of the forms of expressing In this paper, we will try to analyze the diminutive subjective estimation of diminutive terms of nouns suffixes of nounsin modernKarakalpak language. is affixation.This study presents the formation of Forms of nouns that express diminutiveness are diminutive affixes of nouns– sha/ - she, shaq/ - used to show the diminution of objects and people shek, -shyq/-shik ,-ek// -kin modern Karakalpak by age, volume, size. language. The paper first presents the In modernKarakalpak language, the number and characteristics of subjective evaluation and scope of diminutive suffixes is limited. This expressiveness of nouns. Next, the paper reviews includes the affixes-sha/ - she, shak/ - shek, - shyk/ the studies on subjective forms of the noun in - shik, etc. Turkic linguistics. Then analysis of the diminutive DISCUSSIONS suffixes of nouns in modernKarakalpak language Study on diminutive affixes of nouns in is given,concluding that, diminutive forms in the Karakalpak languageаffix-sha / - she Karakalpak language are expressed by means of As a diminutive affix -sha/-she has form-building diminutive affixes. These include the affixes-sha/ - feature. For example: er+she,(small saddle) she, - shak/ - shek, - shyk/ - shik, -ek /-k and give korpe+she,(small quilt)musin+she(small a diminutive meaning to a person, object, animal figure(sculpture work)xaykel+she (small statue), names, etc. and create a new form. dorba+sha (small bag), bel+she(small shovel), sandiq+sha(small chest),quti+sha(small box), etc. KEYWORDS: subjective estimation, As form-building affix, it forms nouns with diminutive, endearment, affix, subjective forms diminutive meaningfrom the following words and meaning, endearment, form-building, denote, determines that these subjects are small in unproductive. comparison with the main ones: 1.the names of the subjects of the domestic INTRODUCTION industry and denotesdimunitive meaning. For example:Iyig’in’aershesalipsan’ Subjective estimation and expressiveness is a very (Zhiyenzhiraw).Muptillaag’ata’wipa’kelipti,- complex, multi-faceted category that has an dediolapasinin’ to’seginin’ objective-subjective character. Subjective forms of zhanindako’rpesheto’sestirip the noun give additional meaning to the main (O.A’bdirakhmanov).…dorbashasinan feature of the subject, that is, a sign of nansindirip, awzinabirtislemsaldi diminutiveness, endearment, respect, humiliation, (T.Kayipbergenov).
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In these examples, diminutive form of nouns is (small line),shen’ber+she (small formed with the help of affixes--sha/-she.: circle,circlet),qayiq+sha (small boat),etc. er+sh,(small saddle),korpe+she(small quilt), etc. 7. Affix-sha/-sheis used to denote residential 2.Affix-sha/-she is added to the nouns,denoting the buildings,farms, industry,military enterprises, as names of plants and forms diminutive meaning. For well as a part of an item: bo’lim+she (small example:putaq+sha(small shrub), na’l+she(small part),man’lay+sha(small door head) sprout), zhapiraq+sha ( leaflet),etc. shabaq+sha(small perch), U’shzhuldizu’zgendeyaydin’qasinan,Putaqshaniali shaqap+sha(subdivision), pkeldimqasin’a (I.Yusupov). etc.Examples:Zholboyindakeyinqarayshegingenfa shistlerdin’ bo’limshelerishubiripo’tti 3.-sha/-she is added to the nouns,signifying (A.Bekimbetov).Birku’nizhumistankelip,esiktiash knowledge and trade and has diminutive meaning. abergenimdeman’layshadanbirkhatzherge tors For example:kitap+sha(booklet), eteqaldi (I. Kurbanbayev). da’pter+she(small notebook),etc. Examples: 8. In some cases, this affix is added to a noun Qoyinqaltasinanshig’aripamantkassasinin’ birkitapshasinusindi da: Minadaekizhuz min’ manat expressing respect for women and means not only bar,uslaptur,ga’pimdibo’lme,uslayber,-dedi a diminutive meaning, but also denotes respect: (Sh.Seyitov). Al khan+sha, khanim+sha(in the meaning of lady, sag’anaqshakerekbolsa,tuwanatartpaniash,menin’ay Madam,missis) etc.For example: lig’imnanawistiripqoyg’aneki min’ Khanimsha,sorpaishin’iz, zhazilasyz(T. amnatliqamanatda’ptershebar (O. Abdirakhmanov). Kaipbergenov). 4.Affix-sha/-she is added to the nouns denoting the Affix-shaq / - shek meaning of space and forms diminutive In the Turkological literature, the origin and meaning:maydan+sha(small playing field), phonetic variants of affix-shaq/ - shekis qorg’an+sha(small fortress, ataw+sha(islet), interpreted in different ways. Scientists Vambery qala+sha(townlet), baq+sha (small garden), and Denis associate suffix-shaq and its phonetic diywal+sha (small wall), etc. For example: variants with chag (
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K. Diykanov, N. K. Dmitriev, M. Shamsieva, K. 2) shyq/- shik is used to show high objects low: Sharafutdinovaname these affixesas du’mpe+shik (hillock), to’be+shik dimunitiveaffixes. (hillock),uyin+shik (small pile of rocks), A. N. Kononov, N. A. Baskakov, N. P. etc.Examples:To’n’kerilgenqazandayg’anaoyli- Dyrenkova, author of "Modern Kazakh language", biyikto’beshikleri E. I. Ubryatova, V. V. Reshetov, G. N. Ramstedt, bar(Т.Kayipbergenov).Daladapaydabolg’anbuldu’ A. G. Gulomov, Z. M. Marufov, S. Usmanovname mpeshikler taw affixes-shaq/-shekas diminutive-endearment siyaqlibiyikbolmag’animenende,tegiszhergeqarag’ affixes. andaha’rqandayadamditulg’aetipko’rsetetug’inbiyi klikleredi( K.Ma’mbetov). In the modern Karakalpak language, the affix - shaq/-shek isadded to the names of some animals 3) This affix is also added to the names of nouns and gives a caressing meaning. For example: and expresses diminutive meaning: qil+shiq (little qulin+shaq (foal),tayin+shaq(foal in the second wool),tal+shiq(filament),etc. year), tulki+shek(pup), etc. Examples:Miyizdeyqap-qarashashinin’ zhiyeginenshiqqanupelekshashtalshiqlarizhazdin’ Zhilqiishindequlinshaq,Zhalquyrig’Ibirqushaq(Ka da’slepkiku’nlerinin’zhag’imlisamallarimenenzhel rakalpak folklore). -A’yytayinshag’im, a’ken’ birep, biydayren’ betinin’ ustinsiypapo’tedi (I. qartaydi( X.Otemuratova). Qurbanbayev). ….. These nouns mean a baby horse or foal and sebebiha’zireshkilerdetu’bitko’p, egerkeshiktirse, express a diminutive meaning. tu’bititu’sip, tekqilshig’iqaladi(Q. Ayimbetov). This affix is also added to other nouns and gives a 4) It is added to the names of places and shows a diminutive meaning to the subject expressed by diminutive meaning: ko’l+shik (small lake), etc. the noun: sho’p+shek, gu’d+shek, etc. Example:Qudaqalese, Examples:Anawkishkenegu'dshektimasaqshilarg’a onlag’anku’nnin’ishindeon’g’ariptaslarmanmin’ba bo’listiripberiwdenartiqmiriwbetzhoq(T. wdi, biraqko’lshiktioriwg’abrigadtanrukhsata’per Kayipbergenov).Qay bi rata-ananin’ (O.Abdirakhmanov). buyrig’inorinlawushintu’ndeotinbazarinansho’psh Sometimes the affix-shyq/-shik is used to express ektergenbalalar,tuyelerdin’ the small form of plants: tu’bir+shik(stump), aralarinano’tipseksewildin’zhin’ishkeshaqalarinsi bala+shyk (young sprouts), etc. For ndirdi (Q. Ayimbetov). example:Tomarlarishirip Affix-shyq / - shik ,tubirshikbolipqalg’an(Т.Kayipbergenov). This affix is unproductive in the Karakalpak In the Karakalpak language this affix is language.It can be found in the following cases: unproductive compared to other affixes. 1) Affix-shyq/-shik is added to nouns denoting Affix-ek / -k household items and shows a diminutive meaning. In the Karakalpak language, this affix is For example: saray+shyk(small palace) unproductive and does not always express a tu’yin+shik (small knot),kap+shyk (small bag). subjective meaning: tiken+ek(thorn), In the words tuyinshik, kapshyk there is no special a’yn+ek(window), egiz+ek(twin), kozgenek(hole), expressive meaning, they also have a meaning tuyirtpek (lump), etc. For different from the main one. For example:Da’slepol'eshna’rsenian’g’armapedi, example:Apamnin’ «eletoydasheshemen» serlepun’ilgende, degentuyinshikleribar(Т.Kayipbergenov).Iskender onyn’ornyndakishkeneiynenin’ko’zindeyko’zgene qapshiqtolisalituqimlardyimashinag’azhukledi de klerdian’ghardy (I. skladqatapsiripqaytti (I.Kurbanbayev).
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Kurbanbayev).Gu’linsuygentikeneginde suyedi 3. Ramstedt G. I. Introduction into Altai (Proverb). linguistics. Moscow, 1957. CONCLUSION 4. Modern Kazakh language.Almaty,1964. This study concluded that diminutive forms of 5. Batmanov I. A. Grammar of the nouns in the Karakalpak language are expressed Kyrgyzlanguage. Frunze, 1939. by means of diminutive affixes. These include the 6. Diykhanov K. Noun in the Kyrgyz affixes-sha/ - she, - shak/ - shek, - shyk/ - shik, -ek language. Frunze, 1955. /-k and give a diminutive meaning to a person, object, animal names, etc. and create a new form. 7. Ubryatova E. A. Studies on the syntax of the Yakut language. Moscow, 2006. 1) Affix-sha/- she as a diminutive affix has form- building feature and it forms nouns with 8. Kononov A. N. Grammar of the modern diminutive meaningfrom the following words and Turkish literary language. M.-L., 1956. determines that these subjects are small in 9. Dyrenkova N. P. Grammar of the Oirot comparison with the main ones. This affix is language. Moscow, 1940. added to the names of the subjects of the domestic industry, plants, the nouns, signifying knowledge 10. Dmitriyev N. K. Grammar of the Bashkir and trade ,the nouns denoting the meaning of language. M.-L., 1948. space ,the nouns, signifying the name of animals and their children or their small species, the nouns meaning various geometric shapes and show their small size and volume, residential buildings, farms, industry, military enterprises, as well as a part of an item, a noun expressing respect for women and means not only a diminutive meaning, but also denotes respect,names of some animals and gives a caressing meaning,ther nouns and gives a diminutive meaning to the subject expressed by the noun. 2)Affix-shyq / - shik is unproductive in the Karakalpaklanguage.It can be found in the following cases: It is added to nouns denoting household items and shows a diminutive meaning, used to show high objects low,added to the names of nouns, the names of places, used to express the small form of plants.In the Karakalpak language this affix is unproductive compared to other affixes and does not always express a subjective meaning . REFERENCES 1. Vambery H. Etymologischesworterbuch der turkotatarischensprachen. Leipzig, 1978. 2. Gulomov A. K.Introduction to the morphology of the Uzbek language. Tashkent,1953.
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