DOCSLIB.ORG

'Quiet Diplomacy' Over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Quiet Diplomacy' Over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (2021) 158-185 Why Indonesia Adopted ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis: The Roles of Islamic Humanitarianism, Civil–Military Relations, and asean Claire Q. Smith Lecturer, Department of Politics, University of York, York, UK [email protected] Susannah G. Williams Research Assistant, Department of Politics, University of York, York, UK [email protected] Abstract Following atrocities against the minority Muslim Rohingya population by the Myanmar military, several states have imposed sanctions and deployed international justice strategies against the Myanmar government. In contrast, Indonesia has used an alternative ‘quiet diplomacy’ approach, focused on aid delivery to affected communities and cooperation with Myanmar. The paper presents one of the first empirical examinations of Indonesia’s role, and considers Indonesia’s approach from a realpolitik perspective to show why Indonesia has avoided R2P measures. The paper identifies three factors that shaped Indonesia’s approach: Islamic humanitarianism, Indonesia’s own experience of managing civil–military relations during a contested democratic transition, and its continued commitment to core asean principles. The paper also contributes to wider debates by identifying some of the limitations of R2P, especially in terms of how R2P can be sidelined by national and regional diplomatic priorities, in this case manifested in the quiet diplomacy approach. © claire q. smith and susannah G. williams, 2021 | doi:10.1163/1875-984X-13020004Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 01:34:51PM This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the cc by 4.0 license. via free access why indonesia adopted ‘quiet diplomacy’ 159 Keywords Responsibility to Protect (R2P) – Myanmar – Indonesia – Rohingya – Islamic humanitarianism – quiet diplomacy – civil-military relations – asean Successive waves of military-led atrocities against the ethnic Rohingya popu- lation, a Muslim minority in Myanmar, have created the gravest political and humanitarian crisis in twenty-first-century Asia.1 The United Nations (UN) estimates that since the violence escalated in 2017, over 700,000 Rohingya have been forced over the border into Bangladesh,2 with more than 126,000 displaced internally3 and thousands more fleeing in boats across the region. The UN Human Rights Council’s Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (ffmm) established that the incidents in Rakhine State from 25 August 2017 amounted to international atrocity crimes.4 Despite the ineffectiveness of international responses to the atrocities throughout the 2010s, the majority of research has focused on analysing the actions of the UN and Western states, and the role of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (oic) in bringing a case of genocide against Myanmar to the International Court of Justice (icj). In contrast, limited research has considered the role of neighbour- ing Southeast Asian states in addressing the crisis,5 despite their closer allegiance to Myanmar, their international commitment to R2P – the 1 The authors wish to thank Ellen Stensrud, Martin Mennecke, Noel Morada, and one anonymous reviewer for their comments on earlier drafts, Amelia Fauzia and Mohamad Rosyidin for helpful discussions, and the anonymous contributors to the research. 2 The UN Refugee Agency, ‘Rohingya Emergency’, unhcr UK, 31 July 2019, https://www. unhcr.org/uk/rohingya-emergency.html, accessed 12 July 2020. 3 Human Rights Council, Detailed findings of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, A/hrc/42/CRP.5, 16 September 2019, p. 19. 4 ibid., p. 72. 5 Key exceptions include Lina Alexandra, ‘Indonesia and the Responsibility to Protect’, The Pacific Review, 25(1) 51–74 (2012); Alistair D. B. Cook and S. Nathini, Pathways for ASEAN Contributions to Sustainable Peace and Security in Rakhine State, Myanmar, irb-2017-08-018-01, May 2020; Amelia Fauzia, ‘Indonesian Aid to Rakhine State, Myanmar: Islamic Humanitarianism, Soft Diplomacy, and the Question of Inclusive Aid’, Oxford Department of International Development, 31 January 2018, https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/blog/ indonesian-aid-rakhine-state-myanmar-islamic-humanitarianism-soft-diplomacy-and- question, accessed 23 June 2020; Noel M. Morada, ‘Continuing Violence and Atrocities in Rakhine since 2017: Beyond the Outrage, Failures of the International Community’, Global Responsibility to Protect, 12(1) 64–85 (2020); Noel M. Morada, ‘asean and the Rakhine Crisis: Balancing Non-Interference, Accountability, and Strategic Interests in Responding to Atrocities in Myanmar’, Global Responsibility to Protect [this issue]; and Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (2021) 158-185Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 01:34:51PM via free access 160 smith and williams main international norm shaping atrocity prevention responses – and their critical role in protecting exiled Rohingya. In this paper, we seek to redress that balance by analysing the main factors that have shaped Indonesia’s response. Our analysis builds on the emerging body of work by Southeast Asian and regional scholars, but contributes a unique assessment of the factors influ- encing Indonesia’s ‘quiet diplomacy’ towards Myanmar. To do so, we draw on data from policy reports, UN documents, media outlets, original key informant interviews, and academic literature. Initially, the international expectations on Indonesia to challenge Myanmar over its treatment of the Rohingya were high. As home to the world’s largest Muslim majority, a close ally of Myanmar, a relatively established democ- racy, a regional power with a global role as part of the G20, and a non-perma- nent seat on the UN Security Council (2019–2020), Indonesia stood to play a critical role in responding to the atrocities. Indonesia had committed to the R2P principle at the UN,6 and publicly supported the findings of the ffmm.7 Furthermore, both national secular human rights organisations and Islamic organisations – from large moderate Islamic social movements to smaller mil- itant groups8 – lobbied the government to protect the Rohingya from further violence and provide them with humanitarian assistance.9 While attempting Mohamad Rosyidin, ‘Reconciling State’s Sovereignty with Global Norms: Indonesia’s Quiet Diplomacy in Myanmar and the Feasibility of the Implementation of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia’, Global Responsibility to Protect, 12(1) 11–36 (2020). 6 A/72/PV.105, 2 July 2018, pp. 6–7. See also Indonesia’s statements at unga debates on 8 September 2014 and 2015, https://www.globalr2p.org/resources/, accessed 23 November 2020. 7 Mouayed Saleh, Report of the Human Rights Council, A/hrc/S-27/3, 1 February 2018, p. 7; unga Res. 72/248, 23 January 2018. 8 Amelia Fauzia, ‘Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia: Modernization, Islamisation, and Social Justice’, American Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 10(2) 223–236 (2017); Fauzia, ‘Indonesian Aid to Rakhine State’; Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin, ‘What is Islamic Humanitarianism?’, Korean Journal of Humanitarian Law, 33 60–80 (2013); Euronews, ‘Indonesia’s Muslims Urge More Support for Myanmar’s Rohingyas’, 16 September 2017, https://www.euronews.com/2017/09/16/indonesias-muslims-urge-more-support-for- myanmars-rohingyas, accessed 5 July 2020; Gurjit Singh, ‘Islam and Its Role in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy’, ORF, 24 June 2020, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/islam-role- indonesia-foreign-policy-68410/, accessed 5 July 2020. 9 Alexandra, ‘Indonesia and the Responsibility to Protect’, p. 70; Deasy Silvya Sari, Taufik Hidayat, and Aliyuna Pratisti, ‘Indonesian Government Policy on Rohingya Refugees’, Andalas Journal of International Studies, 7(1) 1–13 (2018), p. 8; Fardah Assegaf, ‘A Deep Sense of Humanity for Rohingya Prevails in Aceh’, Antara News, 1 July 2020, https:// en.antaranews.com/news/151598/a-deep-sense-of-humanity-for-rohingya-prevails-in- aceh, accessed 13 July 2020. Global Responsibility to ProtectDownloaded from 13 (2021)Brill.com10/02/2021 158-185 01:34:51PM via free access why indonesia adopted ‘quiet diplomacy’ 161 to maintain close diplomatic relations with Myanmar, Indonesia responded to these domestic political pressures. Over 1,800 Rohingya refugees were eventually accepted into Aceh Province, and the government facilitated aid via asean and Indonesian humanitarian organisations into Rakhine State.10 Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi also repeatedly urged Myanmar to minimise the use of force and enable humanitarian access to Rakhine State.11 However, despite the pushes for Indonesia to use its advantageous posi- tion, particularly from national human rights and Islamic organisations, we identify two key factors that restrained Indonesia’s foreign policy over the atrocities. We find that Indonesia’s recent political transition from a military regime – including the government’s recent experiences of managing civ- il–military relations, and multiple ethno-nationalist conflict sites – informed a sense of a shared political history with Myanmar. This perspective tempered Indonesia’s approach. Further, as a secular multi-ethnic state with a strong adherence to the ‘asean Way’ – especially the principles of non-interference and consensus-based decision-making12 – Indonesia sought to avoid an inter- national perception of pro-Muslim bias against Myanmar.13 Indonesia’s cau- tious approach caused tensions with the oic,14 for example, when Indonesia called for restraint towards Myanmar, in contrast with the critical position taken by Malaysia,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supply Chain Operations Management in Pandemics: a State-Of-The-Art Review Inspired by COVID-19
    sustainability Review Supply Chain Operations Management in Pandemics: A State-of-the-Art Review Inspired by COVID-19 Muhammad Umar Farooq 1,2,* , Amjad Hussain 1,*, Tariq Masood 3,4 and Muhammad Salman Habib 1 1 Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; [email protected] 2 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea 3 Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; [email protected] 4 Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.U.F.); [email protected] (A.H.); Tel.: +92-304-887-3688 (M.U.F.) Abstract: Pandemics cause chaotic situations in supply chains (SC) around the globe, which can lead towards survivability challenges. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has severely affected global business dynamics. Similar vulnerabilities have been caused by other outbreaks in the past. In these terms, prevention strategies against propagating disruptions require vigilant goal conceptualization and roadmaps. In this respect, there is a need to explore supply chain operation management strategies to overcome the challenges that emerge due to COVID-19-like situations. Therefore, this review is aimed at exploring such challenges and developing strategies for sustainability, and viability perspectives for SCs, through a structured literature review (SLR) approach. Moreover, this study investigated the impacts of previous epidemic Citation: Farooq, M.U.; Hussain, A.; outbreaks on SCs, to identify the research objectives, methodological approaches, and implications Masood, T.; Habib, M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Indonesia in Asean Under Jokowi's Pro-People Diplomacy
    Prosiding Seminar Nasional INDOCOMPAC Universitas Bakrie, Jakarta. 2-3 Mei 2016 THE ROLE OF INDONESIA IN ASEAN UNDER JOKOWI’S PRO-PEOPLE DIPLOMACY Muhammad Tri Andika1 Abstract 2016 is the very important moment for ASEAN, particularly ASEAN will be economically integrated under ASEAN Economic Community framework. Certainly this would be a challenge for all ASEAN members, including Indonesia. In making AEC could produce more benefit for the members, inevitably it needs more active role from state in the region. However, it seems interesting case for Indonesia when this situation linked with the current foreign policy. Under Jokowi’s administration, he promoted “down to earth diplomacy” or also known as “pro-people diplomacy”. It seems this policy will mostly be inward-looking paradigm compared with his predecessor who emphasized strengthened role of Indonesia in the region. Against this background, this article explores the role of Indonesia in ASEAN under a new and inward-looking president. How Indonesia should take significant presence in ASEAN under Jokowi’s “down to earth diplomacy”? What are the most likely challenges for Indonesia in dealing with ASEAN that would arise under this new situation? This article suggests that Jokowi’s administration should take careful action in defining pro-people diplomacy in order to avoid signaling a wrong message to other ASEAN members, otherwise the Jokowi’s new paradigm will easily misunderstood in the region. Keywords : Jokowi, Foreign Policy, Pro-People Diplomacy Introduction Indonesia foreign policy direction under Jokowi’s administration invites serious attention from regional and global level. Arrived in power with lack of international experiences, Jokowi made surprise with his new inward looking foreign policy direction.
    [Show full text]
  • PEACE Info (February 19, 2021)
    PEACE Info (February 19, 2021) − PUTSCHIST IN UNCHARTED POLITICAL WATERS: Is disciplined guided democracy the real way out for junta? − Myanmar Military Targets Striking Civil Servants − Myanmar Medics in Hiding as Regime Targets Hospital-Led Disobedience Movement − Myanmar Disability Groups Condemn Beating of Disabled Man at Protest − Authorities arrest Myitkyina CDM participants − Police Free 14 Detained During Violent Breakup of Anti-Coup Protest in N. Myanmar − Chairman of Myanmar’s Buddhist Authority Urges Negotiations to End Post-Coup Crisis − Myanmar Student Dies 10 Days After Being Shot by Police at Anti-Coup Protest − UK and Canada Sanction Myanmar’s Coup Leader and His Subordinates − Myanmar's coup opponents welcome new British, Canadian sanctions as protests continue − Singapore, Indonesia express 'grave concern' over Myanmar, support informal Asean meet − SAC seeks ‘pragmatic results’ with new peace process committees: military spox − Police Beat and Arrest Teachers in Myitkyina- KIO/ KIA Pledges to ‘Stand with the People’ − An explosion occurs in front of RCSS liaison office in Kyaukme − Villagers Displaced by Violence Between Multiple Armed Groups − �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ဆက�လက�အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��သင�� မ�ဖ��သင�� အပစ�ရပ�အဖ���မ���အ�က�� �ဆ�������န − အပစ�ရပ�အဖ���မ��� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�က စစ�အစ���ရ လ�ပ�ရပ�မ���အ�� ��တ�ခ� − စစ�အစ���ရ၏ ဥပ�ဒဆင��က�ထ�တ��ပန�မ�မ��� အ�ဏ�ရ�င�စနစ� အသက�သ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�ခ�က�မ����ဖစ�ဟ� PPST �ခ�င���ဆ�င�ဆ�� − �မစ��က��န��တ�င� သတင���ထ�က�မ���က�� ပစ�မ�တ�ထ��တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ��� �ပ�လ�ပ��န − �မစ��က��န��တ�င� ဆ���ပမည�� ဆရ�/ဆရ�မမ���က��
    [Show full text]
  • Humanitarianism in Crisis
    UNIteD StAteS INStItUte of Peace www.usip.org SPeCIAL RePoRt 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPO R T Søren Jessen-Petersen The militarization and politicization of humanitarian efforts have led to diminishing effectiveness on the ground and greater dangers for humanitarian workers, leaving humanitarian action in a state of crisis. Without a vigorous restatement of the principles of humanitarianism and a concerted effort by the international community to address the causes of this crisis, humanitarian Humanitarianism action will, as this report concludes, progressively become a tool selectively used by the powerful and possibly fail in its global mission of protecting and restoring the dignity of human life. in Crisis ABOUT THE AUTHO R Søren Jessen-Petersen is a former assistant high commissioner Summary for refugees in the office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and UN special representative for Kosovo. • With the end of the Cold War, internal conflicts targeting civilian populations proliferated. As He has served UNHCR in Africa and the Balkans as well as international political institutions struggled to figure out how to deal with these conflicts, at its headquarters in Geneva and New York. He is currently humanitarian action often became a substitute for decisive political action or, more worryingly, teaching migration and security at the School of Foreign was subsumed under a political and military agenda. Service, Georgetown University, and at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. He was a • The increasing militarization and politicization of humanitarian efforts have led to growing Jennings Randolph guest scholar at the United States Institute ineffectiveness of humanitarian action on the ground and greater dangers for humanitarian of Peace from November 2006 to June 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline ADDRESSING HIV in HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS
    Guideline ADDRESSING HIV IN HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS March 2010 IASC Task Force on HIV Endorsed by: IASC Principals 2010 GUIDELINES for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee UNAIDS/10.03E / JC1767E (English original, March 2010) ISBN 978 92 9 173849 6 Photos credit: Front cover: IRIN / A. Graham Back cover: UNHCR / P. Wiggers GUIDELINES for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task Force on HIV wishes to thank all the people who collaborated on the development of these guidelines and who gave generously of their time and experience. The Task Force would also like to acknowledge the support received from colleagues within the different agencies and all the nongovernmental organiza- tions that participated in the continuous review of the document. These guidelines were developed through an interagency process with participation by United Nations (UN) organiza- tions, nongovernmental organizations, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the International Organization for Migration. The IASC was established in 1992 in response to UN General Assembly resolution 46/182, which called for strengthened coordination of humanitarian assistance. The resolution set up the IASC as the primary mechanism for facilitating intera- gency decision-making in response to complex emergencies and natural disasters. The IASC comprises representatives of a broad range of UN and non-UN humanitarian partners, including UN agencies, nongovernmental organizations and organizations such as the World Bank and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Page 2 FOREWORD In 2004, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) issued the guidelines Addressing HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings to help guide those involved in emergency response, and those responding to the epidemic, to plan the delivery of a minimum set of HIV prevention, care and support interventions to people affected by humanitarian crises.
    [Show full text]
  • Dari Redaksi Marsma TNI Jemi Trisonjaya, M
    Edisi Majalah Oktober SUARA ANGKASA 2017 Penanggung Jawab Dari Redaksi Marsma TNI Jemi Trisonjaya, M. Tr (Han) Salam Angkasa Wakil Penanggung Jawab Kolonel Sus Poltak S. Siagian, S.I.Kom. ada bulan Oktober 2017, tepatnya tanggal 5 Oktober Dewan Redaksi P ini, Tentara Nasional Indonesia genap berusia 72 Kolonel Pnb. Hendrayansah S. S.Sos tahun. Berbagai penugasan, baik Operasi Militer Perang Kolonel Sus Dra. Maylina Saragih Kolonel Adm Agus Setyo Hartono, S.AP (OMP) maupun Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP) terlaksana dengan lancar. Pemimpin Redaksi Demikian pula dengan TNI Angkatan Udara yang Kolonel Sus Drs. Bintang Yudianta merupakan bagian dari TNI dan menjadi alat pertahanan Staf Redaksi negara di udara, memiliki kontribusi dalam dinamika Letkol Sus Yuto Nugroho, S.S kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Letkol Sus Eko Setio Wibowo, S.S TNI Angkatan Udara dengan personel profesional Kapten Sus Ida Hidayah dan alutsista yang modern adalah suatu harapan dan Pelda Luhur Suprapto Sertu Rineu Oktaviani kebanggaan bagi kita semua. Hal ini tentunya sebagai upaya untuk menjawab berbagai tantangan tugas yang Redaktur Pelaksana makin berat ke depan. PNS IV/a Dra. Sri Hatmini Pemikiran dari para pengamat militer yang bersifat Desain Grafis obyektif akan memberi warna dan nuansa terhadap DDS keberadaan TNI Angkatan Udara di masa kini dan di masa depan. Pencerahan ini akan menjadi energi bagi pemimpin Fotografer dalam mengambil kebijakan untuk pengembangan Sertu Wahyu Nugroho Sertu Hendra kekuatan alutsista TNI Angkatan Udara, dari Sabang sampai Merauke dan dari Miangas sampai Pulau Rote. Distribusi Kekuatan udara suatu negara adalah “deterrent effect” Letkol Sus Suharto, S.H. bagi negara lain. Oleh karena itu sebagai alat pertahanan Mayor Adm Ubay Sobari PNS III/C Tiwi Apriani negara, kekuatan udara menjadi condition sin quanon PNS III/A MB Pontjo Priyono (syarat mutlak) dalam mengamankan dan menjaga wilayah Prada Wendi pertahanan udara nasional.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Letter on Cambodia Re: Paris Peace
    Mr. António Guterres, Secretary General, United Nations Mr. Joko Widodo, President, Republic of Indonesia (Co-Chair of the 1991 Paris Conference on Cambodia) Mr. Emmanuel Macron, President, The French Republic (Co-Chair of the 1991 Paris Conference on Cambodia) 23 October 2017 Re: Request to reconvene the Paris Conference on Cambodia, in light of the Cambodian government dismantling of democracy Dear Secretary General Guterres, President Widodo, and President Macron, We, the undersigned international and regional organizations, write to you on the occasion of the 26th anniversary of the 1991 Paris Peace Conference on Cambodia, which was co-chaired by France and Indonesia. The Paris Conference led to the signing of the historic Paris Peace Agreements, and aimed at ending Twenty-six years later, there is an urgent need for decisive action from the international community, to ensure that the democratic vision for Cambodia outlined in the Paris Peace Agreements is not completely foresaken. The Paris Peace Agreements created clear legal obligations upon the signatories including the obligation to immediately undertake appropriate consultations with the members of the Paris Conference in the event of the agreements being violated.1 These obligations exist to this day, despite Cambodian Prime the Paris Peace agreement is like a ghost 2 We respectfully submit that your obligation to take concrete action under the Paris Peace Agreements has now been triggered as a result of the severe deterioration in the state of human rights and democracy in
    [Show full text]
  • AKTUAL Edisi 35
    AKTUAL Edisi 35 / 7 - 21 Mei 2015 1 2 AKTUAL Edisi 35 / 7 - 21 Mei 2015 AKTUAL PENDIRI M Danial Nafis KOMISARIS Yudi Latif PEMIMPIN REDAKSI Faizal Rizki Arief Kualitas Tiongkok SEKRETARIS REDAKSI Hanny Haniffa REDAKTUR SENIOR Dhia Prekasha Yoedha, Satrio Arismunandar, Hendrajit, Eko Maryadi onferensi Asia-Afrika ke-60 Bank Dunia. SIDANG REDAKSI Faizal Rizki Arief, Satrio Ksukses digelar oleh Indonesia Disela konferensi Jinping Arismunandar, Hendrajit, Dhia Prekasha Yoedha, Eko Maryadi, Wahyu Romadhony pekan lalu. Momen bersejarah melalui AIIB sepakat DIREKTUR MAJALAH Wahyu Romadhony kembali tercipta dalam hajatan menggelontorkan dana REDAKTUR Andy Abdul Hamid, Nebby yang digelar di Jakarta dan sebesar US$ 50 Miliar untuk Mahbubirrahman, Tino Oktaviano (Foto), Sukardjito, Ismed Eka Kusuma Bandung tersebut. Terbangunnya pembangunan infrastruktur di ASISTEN REDAKTUR Zaenal Arifin, M Vidia hubungan erat antara Indonesia Indonesia. Jokowi menerima Wirawan, Karel Stefanus Ratulangi, Wisnu dengan Republik Rakyat pinjaman tersebut. Bahkan Yusep, Ferro Maulana, Tri Harningsih STAF REDAKSI Soemitro-Deddy Kusnaedi- Tiongkok (RRT) salah satunya. Dengan cepat Indonesia sudah Moh Sahlan (Majalah), Fahrul Anwar, Fadlan Sukar membantah anggapan memutuskan apa saja yang akan Syam Butho, Maulana Khamal Macharani, bahwa dalam kongres tersebut dibangun melalui pinjaman Nailin In Saroh, Mochammad Zaky Kusumo, Novrizal Sikumbang, Nicha Muslimawati, Presiden Joko Widodo tersebut. Munzir (Foto), Junaidi Mahbub (Foto), memberikan ruang khusus Jalan raya sepanjang 1000 Warnoto (TV) untuk Presiden RRT Xi Jinping. kilometer, dua pelabuhan, IT Radius Rasmangun Sejumlah momen merekam sampai kereta cepat akan dimiliki DESAIN GRAFIS Shofrul Hadi, Nelson Nafis keduanya tampak sebagai magnet Indonesia dalam waktu tak lama konferensi kali ini. Semua bukan lagi. Namun kita punya ingatan KONTRIBUTOR LUAR NEGERI Fitra Ismu (Meksiko) tanpa sebab.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Image from China's Perspective On
    Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 21 No. 2. Page 176-197. DOI: 10.7454/global.v21i2.404 © Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 2019 E-ISSN: 2579-8251 INDONESIA’S IMAGE FROM CHINA’S PERSPECTIVE ON SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE (A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHINA’S PERCEPTION ON INDONESIA) Ardina Kartikasari Department of International Relations Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas mengenai citra Indonesia di mata Cina dalam isu sengketa Laut Cina Selatan (LCS). Sejak pertama kali Cina merilis klaim nine dash line pada tahun 1993 hingga insiden di perairan Natuna pada tahun 2016, Cina berperilaku ambigu terhadap Indonesia, di mana Cina bersikeras menyebut kedua negara memiliki tumpang tindih kepentingan di perairan Natuna. Namun di sisi lain Cina selalu berhati-hati dalam merespon Indonesia terkait sengketa ini dan menyatakan mengakui kedaulatan Indonesia atas kepulauan Natuna. Terkait hal ini, meski sudah banyak penelitian mengenai kebijakan Cina terhadap Indonesia, namun hanya sedikit kajian yang menulis secara spesifik mengenai persepsi Cina terhadap Indonesia dalam sengketa LCS. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori image, tulisan ini berusaha mencari tahu tentang bagaimana citra Indonesia di mata Cina, yang kemudian membentuk persepsi Cina atas Indonesia dalam isu sengketa LCS. Argumen utama dalam tulisan ini yaitu image atau stereotip yang ditangkap Cina dari Indonesia, adalah ally image, dimana Indonesia dipandang sebagai aktor yang dapat bekerja sama, serta memiliki kapabilitas dan dimensi kultural yang setara. Kata kunci: Laut Cina Selatan, Indonesia, Natuna, Teori Image Abstract This paper discusses the image of Indonesia in the eyes of China on the South China Sea (SCS) dispute. China circulated the map of Nine-dotted lines in 1993 and since then China has behaved ambiguously toward Indonesia as the dotted lines encompasses some part of Indonesia’s North Natuna waters.
    [Show full text]
  • MINDING the GRASSROOTS Celebrating 70 Years of Sino-Indonesia Relations Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic
    MINDING THE GRASSROOTS Celebrating 70 Years of Sino-Indonesia Relations amid the Coronavirus Pandemic Ardhitya Eduard Yeremia and Klaus Heinrich Raditio TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ISSN 0219-3213 TRS16/20s ISSUE ISBN 978-981-4881-98-2 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 16 Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 7 8 9 8 1 4 8 8 1 9 8 2 2020 TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 20-J07295 01 Trends_2020-16.indd 1 26/11/20 10:58 AM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Singapore APEC Study Centre and the Temasek History Research Centre (THRC). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 20-J07295 01 Trends_2020-16.indd 2 26/11/20 10:58 AM MINDING THE GRASSROOTS Celebrating 70 Years of Sino-Indonesia Relations amid the Coronavirus Pandemic Ardhitya Eduard Yeremia and Klaus Heinrich Raditio ISSUE 16 2020 20-J07295 01 Trends_2020-16.indd 3 26/11/20 10:58 AM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2020 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and Who Regularly Report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS)
    UNITED NATIONS-COORDINATED SUPPORT TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER AND CONFLICT Acknowledgements This publication was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in collaboration with humanitarian partners across the world. OCHA thanks all organizations, partners and donors who contributed to the Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and who regularly report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). Updated on 10 December 2019. Data sources Information on civilians in conflict is from the Report of the Secretary-General on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (S/2019/373). Figures on children in conflict are from the Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict 2018 (A/73/907–S/2019/509). Figures for undernourishment are from FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 (note the figures quoted in the GHO 2019 have since been revised). Figures on acute food insecurity are from the Food Security Information Network, 2019 Global Food Crises Report. Figures on refugees are from UNHCR, Global Trends: Forced Displacement 2018. Figures on internal displacement are from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019. Data on children is from UNICEF: http://data.unicef.org. Data on infectious diseases are from WHO. Data on HIV/AIDS are from UNAIDS, UNAIDS Data 2019. The principal source of financial data for this publication is OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS) fts.unocha.org. Figures for 2019 represent reported contributions as of 13 November 2019. Other sources include: UNHCR data.unhcr.org, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) unocha.org/cerf and OCHA’s Country-Based Pooled Funds (CBPFs) Business Intelligence pfbi.unocha.org.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thickening Web of Asian Security Cooperation: Deepening Defense
    The Thickening Web of Asian Security Cooperation Deepening Defense Ties Among U.S. Allies and Partners in the Indo-Pacific Scott W. Harold, Derek Grossman, Brian Harding, Jeffrey W. Hornung, Gregory Poling, Jeffrey Smith, Meagan L. Smith C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR3125 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0333-9 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photo by Japan Maritime Self Defense Force. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Since the turn of the century, an important trend toward new or expanded defense cooperation among U.S.
    [Show full text]