Supply Chain Operations Management in Pandemics: a State-Of-The-Art Review Inspired by COVID-19
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Management of Relief Supply Chain & Humanitarian Aids Logistics
Management of Relief Supply Chain & Humanitarian Aids Logistics through Supply Chain Resilience Case Study: South West Asia Tsunami (2004) Ehsan Moeiny Javad Mokhlesi (Mehran) This thesis comprises 15 ECTS credits and is a compulsory part in the Master of Science with a Major in Industrial Engineering– Quality and Environmental Management, 60 ECTS credits No. 18/2011 Management of Relief Supply Chain & Humanitarian Aids Logistics through Supply Chain Resilience Ehsan Moeiny, [email protected] Javad Mokhlesi (Mehran), [email protected] Master thesis Subject Category: Technology Management University College of Borås School of Engineering SE-501 90 BORÅS Telephone +46 033 435 4640 Examiner: <Name> Supervisor,Name: Daniel Ekwall Supervisor,Address: University of Borås, School of Engineering SE-501 90 BORÅS Client: Roy Andersson, University of Borås, School of Engineering SE-501 90 BORÅS Date: August 2011 Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Resilience, Humanitarian Aids Logistics, Relief Supply Chain, South West Asia Tsunami … ii Acknowledgement We would like to take this opportunity to dedicate our deepest unrestrained gratitude to all those who their generosities gave us the ability and possibility of taking this significant over. It would be a pleasure for us to express our reverential appreciation to our parents who have the attitude and the substance of a genius: they continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to our research and studies, and an excitement in regard to our future. Without their guidance and persistent help, the creation of this dissertation would not have been possible. We gratefully wish to convey our thanks to Department of Industrial Engineering and Quality in School of Engineering at University of Borås for giving us the permission to commence this thesis in the first instance. -
Humanitarianism in Crisis
UNIteD StAteS INStItUte of Peace www.usip.org SPeCIAL RePoRt 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPO R T Søren Jessen-Petersen The militarization and politicization of humanitarian efforts have led to diminishing effectiveness on the ground and greater dangers for humanitarian workers, leaving humanitarian action in a state of crisis. Without a vigorous restatement of the principles of humanitarianism and a concerted effort by the international community to address the causes of this crisis, humanitarian Humanitarianism action will, as this report concludes, progressively become a tool selectively used by the powerful and possibly fail in its global mission of protecting and restoring the dignity of human life. in Crisis ABOUT THE AUTHO R Søren Jessen-Petersen is a former assistant high commissioner Summary for refugees in the office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and UN special representative for Kosovo. • With the end of the Cold War, internal conflicts targeting civilian populations proliferated. As He has served UNHCR in Africa and the Balkans as well as international political institutions struggled to figure out how to deal with these conflicts, at its headquarters in Geneva and New York. He is currently humanitarian action often became a substitute for decisive political action or, more worryingly, teaching migration and security at the School of Foreign was subsumed under a political and military agenda. Service, Georgetown University, and at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. He was a • The increasing militarization and politicization of humanitarian efforts have led to growing Jennings Randolph guest scholar at the United States Institute ineffectiveness of humanitarian action on the ground and greater dangers for humanitarian of Peace from November 2006 to June 2009. -
Review of Intermodal Freight Transportation in Humanitarian Logistics
Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. (2017) 9: 10 DOI 10.1007/s12544-017-0226-z ORIGINAL PAPER Review of intermodal freight transportation in humanitarian logistics Mustafa Alp Ertem1 & Melike İşbilir1 & Ayşenur Şahin Arslan2 Received: 19 March 2016 /Accepted: 20 January 2017 /Published online: 2 February 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at SpringerLink.com Abstract 369 academic humanitarian logistics articles, only 20 have Purpose Using intermodal transportation is vital for the deliv- mentioned transportation mode changes. In practitioner stud- ery of relief supplies when single mode alternative becomes ies, we found a decreasing percentage of the usage of slower unusable or infeasible. The objective of this paper is to inves- modes (e.g. sea and rail) in the disaster response phase over tigate the use of intermodal freight transportation in humani- time. We were not able to find a significant relationship be- tarian logistics. tween a specific transportation mode and a specific Methods This paper first identifies the differences between disaster-type or -phase. Road transportation seems to cover multimodal and intermodal transportation. Then, we examine most of the disaster operations regardless of the disaster-type the use of each transportation mode for specific disaster types or -phase. and phases. When combinations of transportation modes (i.e. Conclusions We can conclude that intermodality and the air, road, rail and sea) for intermodal transportation are con- transportation unit concept is not being studied extensively sidered together with different disaster types (e.g. earthquake, in humanitarian logistics. Most of the relief organizations do flood and famine), the feasible decision space becomes rather not share transported freight amounts in their reports and those large. -
Challenges in Humanitarian Logistics Management: an Empirical Study on Pre-Positioned Warehouses
CHALLENGES IN HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON PRE-POSITIONED WAREHOUSES Saeyeon Roh Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore, 639798 E-mail: [email protected] Dong-Wook Kwak (corresponding author) Coventry Business School Priory Street, Coventry United Kingdom, CV1 5FB E-mail: [email protected] Anthony Beresford Cardiff Business School Colum Drive, Cardiff United Kingdom, CF10 3EU E-mail: [email protected] Stephen Pettit Cardiff Business School Colum Drive, Cardiff United Kingdom, CF10 3EU E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The ultimate goal of humanitarian relief logistics is to deliver the right supplies in the right quantities to the right locations at the right time, so save lives and reduce human suffering within given financial constraints (Beamon and Balcik, 2008). Pre-positioned warehouses at strategic locations are essential for this purpose to ensure the availability of supplies when required and to facilitate faster responses (Balcik et al., 2010). It has been suggested that, in the long run, such an approach leads to the reduction of delivery costs by regular replenishment using inexpensive maritime transport (Gatignon et al., 2010). However, pre-positioned warehouses might be difficult to operate by some NGOs because it is both complicated and expensive given the limitations in finance and resources (Balcik and Beamon, 2008). Indeed, pre-positioned warehouses for humanitarian relief create various types of risks, but they haven’t been fully explored yet. In this respect, this study aims to investigate the challenges in humanitarian relief operations relating to pre-positioned warehouses. In specific, it focuses on the interactions between various risk factors within the humanitarian logistics management in order to understand how those challenges are generated and enhanced. -
Guideline ADDRESSING HIV in HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS
Guideline ADDRESSING HIV IN HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS March 2010 IASC Task Force on HIV Endorsed by: IASC Principals 2010 GUIDELINES for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee UNAIDS/10.03E / JC1767E (English original, March 2010) ISBN 978 92 9 173849 6 Photos credit: Front cover: IRIN / A. Graham Back cover: UNHCR / P. Wiggers GUIDELINES for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task Force on HIV wishes to thank all the people who collaborated on the development of these guidelines and who gave generously of their time and experience. The Task Force would also like to acknowledge the support received from colleagues within the different agencies and all the nongovernmental organiza- tions that participated in the continuous review of the document. These guidelines were developed through an interagency process with participation by United Nations (UN) organiza- tions, nongovernmental organizations, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the International Organization for Migration. The IASC was established in 1992 in response to UN General Assembly resolution 46/182, which called for strengthened coordination of humanitarian assistance. The resolution set up the IASC as the primary mechanism for facilitating intera- gency decision-making in response to complex emergencies and natural disasters. The IASC comprises representatives of a broad range of UN and non-UN humanitarian partners, including UN agencies, nongovernmental organizations and organizations such as the World Bank and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Page 2 FOREWORD In 2004, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) issued the guidelines Addressing HIV/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings to help guide those involved in emergency response, and those responding to the epidemic, to plan the delivery of a minimum set of HIV prevention, care and support interventions to people affected by humanitarian crises. -
Humanitarian Supply Management and Logistics in the Health Sector
Humanitarian Supply Management and Logistics in the Health Sector Emergency Preparedness Department of Emergency and Humanitarian Action and Disaster Relief Program Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization Washington, D.C., 2001 Cover photographs: PAHO/WHO PAHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: Pan American Health Organization Humanitarian supply management in logistics in the health sector Washington, D.C.: PAHO, © 2001 189 p. ISBN 92 75 12375 6 I. Title 1. DISASTERS 2. DISASTER PLANNING 3. DISASTER EMERGENCIES 4. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 5. INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE LC HV553.P187 2001 © Pan American Health Organization, 2001 A joint publication of the Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination Program of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Department of Emergency and Humanitarian Action of the World Health Organization (WHO). The views expressed, the recommendations formulated, and the designations employed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the current policies or opin- ions of PAHO or WHO or of its Member States. The Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization welcome requests for permission to reproduce or translate, in part or in full this publication. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination Program, Pan American Health Organization, 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA; fax: (202) 775-4578; e- mail: [email protected]. This publication has been made possible through the financial support of the International Humanitarian Assistance Division of the Canadian International Development Agency (IHA/CIDA), the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance of the U.S. -
Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and Who Regularly Report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS)
UNITED NATIONS-COORDINATED SUPPORT TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER AND CONFLICT Acknowledgements This publication was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in collaboration with humanitarian partners across the world. OCHA thanks all organizations, partners and donors who contributed to the Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and who regularly report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). Updated on 10 December 2019. Data sources Information on civilians in conflict is from the Report of the Secretary-General on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (S/2019/373). Figures on children in conflict are from the Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict 2018 (A/73/907–S/2019/509). Figures for undernourishment are from FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 (note the figures quoted in the GHO 2019 have since been revised). Figures on acute food insecurity are from the Food Security Information Network, 2019 Global Food Crises Report. Figures on refugees are from UNHCR, Global Trends: Forced Displacement 2018. Figures on internal displacement are from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019. Data on children is from UNICEF: http://data.unicef.org. Data on infectious diseases are from WHO. Data on HIV/AIDS are from UNAIDS, UNAIDS Data 2019. The principal source of financial data for this publication is OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS) fts.unocha.org. Figures for 2019 represent reported contributions as of 13 November 2019. Other sources include: UNHCR data.unhcr.org, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) unocha.org/cerf and OCHA’s Country-Based Pooled Funds (CBPFs) Business Intelligence pfbi.unocha.org. -
A 10-Year Review of the National Tuberculosis Programme, 2004-2014
Hassanain et al. Conflict and Health (2018) 12:18 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0154-0 RESEARCH Open Access Conflict and tuberculosis in Sudan: a 10- year review of the National Tuberculosis Programme, 2004-2014 Sara A. Hassanain1* , Jeffrey K. Edwards2,3, Emilie Venables2,4, Engy Ali2, Khadiga Adam5, Hafiz Hussien1,5 and Asma Elsony1 Abstract Background: Sudan is a fragile developing country, with a low expenditure on health. It has been subjected to ongoing conflicts ever since 1956, with the Darfur crisis peaking in 2004. The conflict, in combination with the weak infrastructure, can lead to poor access to healthcare. Hence, this can cause an increased risk of infection, greater morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis (TB), especially amongst the poor, displaced and refugee populations. This study will be the first to describe TB case notifications, characteristics and outcomes over a ten-year period in Darfur in comparison with the non-conflict Eastern zones within Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional review of the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) data from 2004 to 2014 comparing the Darfur conflict zone with the non-conflict eastern zone. Results: New case notifications were 52% lower in the conflict zone (21,131) compared to the non-conflict zone (43,826). Smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) in the conflict zone constituted 63% of all notified cases, compared to the non-conflict zone of 32% (p < 0.001). Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) predominated the TB notified cases in the non- conflict zone, comprising 35% of the new cases versus 9% in the conflict zone (p < 0.001). -
Humanitarian Logistics: Why Logistics Is Central to Disaster Management
Humanitarian Logistics: Why Logistics is Central to Disaster Management Jennifer Schwarz | Martin Kessler Research Associates Berlin University of Technology Bereich Logistik Berlin University of Technology (TU Berlin) 312 professorships (inc. Junior professorships) 1.877 research associates 28.344 students, thereof 5.598 international students (20%) 2.086 student assistants average 31 Habilitations per year since 2000 average 410 Promotions per year since 2000 Budget 2008: 259,6 Mio. € Third-party-funds 2008: 81,0 Mio. € TOP 10 third-party-funded universities in Germany More than 1.200 research projects 110 research cooperations with renowned international universities in more than 30 countries Bereich Logistik PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS Bereich Logistik Epic Disasters Covered by the Media Hurricane Katrina 2005: Haiti Earthquake 2010: 1.836 casualties 225.000 casualties economic damage 125 bil. US$ Economic damage 8 bil. US$ Bereich Logistik Threat of Life Through Natural Disasters 0-1.000 casualties and affected people per 100.000 habitants 1.001-5.000 casualties and affected people per 100.000 habitants 5.001 and more casualties and affected people per 100.000 habitants Source: Em-Dat 2010 Bereich Logistik Economic Damage through Natural Disasters up to 3 bil. US$ per year 3 to 6 bil. US$ per year more than 6 bil US$ per year Sources: Em-Dat 2010, maplecroft 2009 Bereich Logistik Scope on the Southern African Region Angola Zambia Botswana # of disasters (1) 31 # of disasters 19 # of disasters 7 drought, -
'Quiet Diplomacy' Over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis
Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (2021) 158-185 Why Indonesia Adopted ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis: The Roles of Islamic Humanitarianism, Civil–Military Relations, and asean Claire Q. Smith Lecturer, Department of Politics, University of York, York, UK [email protected] Susannah G. Williams Research Assistant, Department of Politics, University of York, York, UK [email protected] Abstract Following atrocities against the minority Muslim Rohingya population by the Myanmar military, several states have imposed sanctions and deployed international justice strategies against the Myanmar government. In contrast, Indonesia has used an alternative ‘quiet diplomacy’ approach, focused on aid delivery to affected communities and cooperation with Myanmar. The paper presents one of the first empirical examinations of Indonesia’s role, and considers Indonesia’s approach from a realpolitik perspective to show why Indonesia has avoided R2P measures. The paper identifies three factors that shaped Indonesia’s approach: Islamic humanitarianism, Indonesia’s own experience of managing civil–military relations during a contested democratic transition, and its continued commitment to core asean principles. The paper also contributes to wider debates by identifying some of the limitations of R2P, especially in terms of how R2P can be sidelined by national and regional diplomatic priorities, in this case manifested in the quiet diplomacy approach. © claire q. smith and susannah G. williams, 2021 | doi:10.1163/1875-984X-13020004Downloaded -
Understanding Humanitarian Supply Chain Logistics with System Dynamics Modeling
Understanding Humanitarian Supply Chain Logistics with System Dynamics Modeling John Voyer, Ph.D. Matthew Dean, Ph.D. Christopher Pickles, MS, MBA University of Southern Maine 1 Abstract Purpose – We explore the short-term humanitarian response to a natural disaster that prompts a rapid influx of relief supplies to the area affected by the disaster, aiming to understand the dynamics of systemic processes that apply to humanitarian supply chain logistics. Design/methodology/approach – We use system dynamics to simulate the disaster relief supply chain elements of humanitarian response. System dynamics is a well-established simulation method for analyzing complex social systems that include feedback. We used it because the timing and coordination of, and feedback loops among, events in humanitarian response incorporate a delay structure that can be modeled effectively using system dynamics. Findings – Of all the stocks in our model of the Humanitarian Stock Management System, the most important was the Cumulative Food distributed to disaster victims. In all of our simulation runs, victims eventually got all the food they needed, but at varying speeds (fast in the base run, slow in runs where repair of infrastructure was slow). However, the most problematic stock was the amount of Food in the Central Warehouse. In almost all the runs, that stock contained an excess of food (which is very common in such situations), resulting in waste and inefficiency. This problem was worst when the agency panicked at the outset and doubled its estimate of needed food, and when, as is often true, the agency received too many in-kind donations of food. -
Humanitarian Crisis Drivers of the Future: Preparing Now for What Might Be
HUMANITARIAN CRISIS DRIVERS OF THE FUTURE: PREPARING NOW FOR WHAT MIGHT BE SYNTHESIS REPORT Humanitarian Futures Programme, King’s College London Acknowledgement The Humanitarian Crisis Drivers of the Future project has been generously supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance. Contents Acknowledgement 3 Summary 4 Purposes and Objectives 6 A Note on Methodology 7 Section I: Crisis Drivers of the Future 7 The Waters of the Third Pole 8 Pandemics in a Futures Context 11 Water and Sanitation in an Urban Context 13 Section II: Exposing Vulnerabilities and Crisis Drivers of the Future 16 Scarcity, pollution and conflict in a Far East Asian context: 2025-2030 18 From the favelas of Sao Paulo to global pandemics 19 Section III: Preparing Now for the Future 20 Ten First Steps 21 The Waters of the Third Pole 21 Water and Sanitation in an Urban Context 21 Revisiting Pandemics from a Futures Perspective 22 Section IV: Ways Forward for the International Community 23 Annex I: Terms of Reference 25 Annex II: List of Experts and Mission TOR’s 28 End Notes 31 3 Humanitarian Crisis Drivers of the Future: Preparing now for what might be Summary 1. This report focuses upon plausible humanitarian crisis and multilateral organisations – reviewed the three cases drivers of the future as a means for promoting pro-active in the context of how each would be handled in terms of strategies about what might be. The objective of this exer- long-term strategies and strategic leadership. This took cise, however, is not to predict, but rather to propose place in the context of the Humanitarian Futures Pro- crisis drivers that demonstrate [i] the types and com- gramme’s Stakeholders Forum on 19-20 November 2009.