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Recommended Best Management Practices for Marcellus Shale Gas Development in Maryland

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Recommended Best Management Practices for Marcellus Shale Gas Development in Maryland Recommended Best Management Practices for Marcellus Shale Gas Development in Maryland Keith N. Eshleman & Andrew Elmore (PIs) Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg, MD 21532 Final Report submitted to: Maryland Department of the Environment Baltimore, MD February 18, 2013 Acknowledgments We solicited and received the help of quite a few people during the completion of this project. While the project investigators (KNE and AJE) are responsible for the content of the final report, we especially acknowledge three individuals who helped us with the organization, content, and writing of several chapters: Russell R. Dickerson (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland; Chapter 2) Jeanne M. VanBriesen (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Chapter 4); and Todd R. Lookingbill (Department Geography and the Environment, University of Richmond; Chapter 5). Previous time commitments precluded them from assisting with other sections of the report, so they are listed as chapter co-authors. We thank the following individuals for providing us with data: Scott Bearer, Deborah Carpenter, Jennifer Chadwick-Moore, Kevin Coyne, Lynn Davidson, Gregory Day, Dan Feller, Dave Foreman, Mike Garner, John Grace, Jeff Halka, Kara Hawkins, Jaron Hawkins, Greg Hildreth, Zoe Johnson, Catherine McCall, Phung Pham, Gene Piotrowski, Matt Rowe, Matt Sell, Frank Siano, Matthew Stover, and Kevin Wagner. Robert Sabo compiled much of the extant literature on best practices that underpinned our analyses of best practices. Steven Guinn produced all of the maps used in this report and performed many of the geographic analyses on which our recommendations are based. Robert Hilderbrand contributed text and comments to Chapter 6. Finally, Christine Conn (Maryland DNR), Brigid Kenney (MDE), Ron Klauda (Maryland DNR) and several other anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism of an earlier draft of the report. ii Table of Contents Cover page ............................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. vi Summary of key findings and major recommendations ....................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. General, planning, and permitting BMPs ................................................................. 1-1 A. Pre-development environmental assessment ......................................................................... 1-3 B. On-site and off-site monitoring ............................................................................................. 1-5 C. Comprehensive drilling plans (CDP) ................................................................................... 1-7 D. Well pad spacing ................................................................................................................ 1-10 E. Setback requirements .......................................................................................................... 1-11 F. Identification of freshwater aquifers and groundwater flowpaths ...................................... 1-12 G. Stakeholder engagement ..................................................................................................... 1-15 H. Special siting criteria .......................................................................................................... 1-16 I. Reclamation planning .......................................................................................................... 1-20 J. Well permitting, county and state coordination, and financial assurance ............................ 1-21 K. Key recommendations ........................................................................................................ 1-25 L. Literature cited ..................................................................................................................... 1-27 Chapter 2. Protecting air quality .................................................................................................. 2-1 A. Reducing pollutant and pollutant precursor emissions from MSGD operations ................... 2-3 B. On-site and off-site air quality monitoring ............................................................................ 2-6 C. Key recommendations ........................................................................................................... 2-6 D. Literature cited ...................................................................................................................... 2-7 Chapter 3. Well engineering and construction practices to ensure integrity and isolation .... 3-1 A. Well planning ....................................................................................................................... 3-2 B. Drilling .................................................................................................................................. 3-4 C. Casing and cementing ........................................................................................................... 3-7 D. Well logging ....................................................................................................................... 3-10 E. Pressure testing .................................................................................................................... 3-12 F. Blow-out prevention ............................................................................................................ 3-12 G. Completing and hydraulic fracturing ................................................................................. 3-13 H. Use of well development techniques other than hydraulic fracturing ................................ 3-14 I. Determining the extent of induced fractures ........................................................................ 3-15 J. Plugging ............................................................................................................................... 3-16 K. Key recommendations ......................................................................................................... 3-18 L. Literature cited ..................................................................................................................... 3-19 Chapter 4. Protecting water resources ......................................................................................... 4-1 A. Siting requirements: setbacks and restrictions ..................................................................... 4-3 B. Monitoring of water resources prior to, during, and following development ....................... 4-6 C. Water pollution, stormwater management, and erosion and sediment control .................... 4-8 D. Water withdrawals ............................................................................................................... 4-15 E. Comprehensive basin-scale water management planning. .................................................. 4-19 F. Water storage and delivery .................................................................................................. 4-20 G. Alternative water sourcing .................................................................................................. 4-21 H. Chemical delivery, storage on-site, and transfers ................................................................ 4-22 iii I. Identification of chemicals .................................................................................................... 4-23 J. Drilling and drilling wastes .................................................................................................. 4-23 K. On site management of produced waters and wastewaters ................................................. 4-24 L. Management of produced water (including recordkeeping, manifesting) ........................... 4-25 M. Treatment of produced water .............................................................................................. 4-27 N. Disposal of produced water or residual treatment wastes ................................................... 4-29 O. Reclamation and closure (decommissioning) ...................................................................... 4-30 P. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) ............................................................ 4-31 Q. Key recommendations ......................................................................................................... 4-32 R. Literature cited ..................................................................................................................... 4-33 Chapter 5. Protecting terrestrial habitat and wildlife ................................................................ 5-1 A. Well pad spacing and siting ................................................................................................... 5-1 B. Impoundments ....................................................................................................................... 5-4 C. Riparian setbacks ..................................................................................................................
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