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Compilation of Ground-Water-Quality Data in Pennsylvania

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Compilation of Ground-Water-Quality Data in Pennsylvania COMPILATION OF GROUND-WATER-QUALITY DATA IN PENNSYLVANIA By James L. Barker U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-file Report 84-706 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1984 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief Open-File Services Section U.S. Geological Survey, WRD Western Distribution Branch P.O. Box 1107 U.S. Geological Survey Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17108-1107 Box 25425, Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225 (Telephone: (303) 234-5888) II CONTENTS Page Abs tract................................................................ 1 Introduction............................................................ 1 Purpose and scope..................................................... 2 Acknowledgments...................................................... 2 Ground-water-quality in Pennsylvania.................................... 2 Natural conditions.................................................... 2 Mans influence on water quality........................................ 3 Available ground-water-quality data..................................... 6 Methods of study........................................................ 8 Grouping of aquifers.................................................. 8 Data analysis techniques.............................................. 10 Geology and water quality of the aquifer groups......................... 11 Quartzite, sandstone, and conglomerate rock units..................... 11 General features................................................... 11 Water quality...................................................... 11 Igneous and metamorphic rock units.................................... 16 General features................................................... 16 Water quality...................................................... 16 Carbonate rock units.................................................. 22 General features................................................... 22 Water quality...................................................... 22 Carbonate rocks interbedded with sandstone or shale rock units........ 29 General features................................................... 29 Water quality...................................................... 29 Carbonate and calcareous shale units containing evaporite minerals.... 35 General features................................................... 35 Water quality...................................................... 35 Light gray and olive shale and siltstone rock units................... 40 General features.................................................... 40 Water quality....................................................... 40 Dark gray and black shale rock units.................................. 46 General features.................................................... 46 Water quality....................................................... 46 Devonian and Mississippian red shale and siltstone rock units......... 51 General features.................................................... 51 Water quality....................................................... 51 Bituminous coal-bearing Pottsville Group rock units................... 56 General features.................................................... 56 Water quality....................................................... 56 Anthracite-bearing rock units......................................... 62 General features.................................................... 62 Water quality....................................................... 62 Bituminous coal-bearing Allegheny and Conemaugh Group rock units...... 67 General features.................................................... 67 Water quality....................................................... 67 Bituminous coal-bearing Dunkard and Monongahela Group rock units...... 73 General features.................................................... 73 Water quality....................................................... 73 III CONTENT S c on t inued Page Geology and water quality of aquifer groups continued Triassic sedimentary rock units....................................... 78 General features.................................................... 78 Water quality....................................................... 78 Unconsolidated Coastal Plain deposits................................. 83 General features.................................................... 83 Water quality....................................................... 83 Unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits.......................... 89 General f eatures.................................................... 89 Water quality....................................................... 89 Data base adequacy...................................................... 95 Water-quality problems.................................................. 95 Summary ................................................................ 100 Selected references..................................................... 101 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. The annual water cycle in Pennsylvania....................... 4 Figure 2-5. Map showing: 2. Physiographic provinces of Pennsylvania.................. 5 3. Locations of ground-water-quality sites in Pennsylvania.. 7 4. Geology of Pennsylvania.................................. 9 5. Locations of wells and springs in quartzite, sandstone, and conglomerate rock units............................. 13 6. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in quartzite, sandstone, and conglomerate rock units................................. 15 7. Map showing locations of wells and springs in igneous and metamorphic rock units................................. 19 8. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in igneous and metamorphic rock units...................................................... 21 9. Map showing locations of wells and springs in carbonate rock units...................................................... 26 10. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in carbonate rock units.............. 27 11. Map showing locations of wells and springs in carbonate rocks interbedded with sandstone or shale rock units...... 32 12. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in carbonate rocks interbedded with sandstone or shale rock units........................ 33 13. Map showing locations of wells and springs in carbonate and calcareous shale units containing evaporite minerals....... 37 14. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in carbonate and calcareous shale units containing evaporite minerals........................ 38 IV ILLUSTRATIONS continued Page Figure 15. Map showing locations of wells and springs in light gray and olive shale and siltstone rock units.................. 43 16. Stiff diagram showing median concentration of selected chemical constituents in light gray and olive shale and siltstone rock units.................................. 45 17. Map showing locations of wells and springs in dark gray and black shale rock units.................................... 48 18. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in dark gray and black shale rock units................................................ 50 19. Map showing the locations of wells and springs in Devonian and Mississippian red shale and siltstone rock units...... 53 20. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in Devonian and Mississippian red shale and siltstone rock units........................ 54 21. Map showing coal-bearing rocks in Pennsylvania.............. 57 22. Map showing the locations of wells and springs in bitu­ minous coal-bearing Pottsville Group rock units........... 59 23. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in bituminous coal-bearing Pottsville Group rock units............................... 60 24. Map showing locations of wells and springs in anthracite- bearing rock units........................................ 64 25. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in anthracite-bearing rock units.... 65 26. Map showing locations of wells and springs in bituminous coal-bearing Conemaugh and Allegheny Group rock units..... 70 27. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in bituminous coal-bearing Conemaugh and Allegheny Group rock units.................. 71 28. Map showing locations of wells and springs in bituminous coal-bearing Dunkard and Monongahela Group rock units..... 75 29. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in bituminous coal-bearing Dunkard and Monongahela Group rock units.................. 76 30. Map showing locations of wells and springs in Triassic sedimentary rock units.................................... 80 31. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in Triassic sedimentary rock units.. 82 32. Map showing locations of wells and springs in uncon- solidated Coastal Plain deposits.......................... 85 33. Stiff diagram showing median concentrations of selected chemical constituents in unconsolidated Coastal Plain deposits.................................................. 87 34. Graph showing temporal variation of
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