Note: Page Numbers in Italic Refer to Illustrations, Those in Bold Type Refer to Tables

Home , Allegheny Formation, Bohemian Massif

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Note: Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations, those in bold type refer to tables.

Aachen-Midi Thrust 202, 203, 233, 235 Armorican affinities 132, 283 Acadian Armorican Massif 27, 29, 148, 390 basement 36 Armorican Terrane Assemblage 10, 13, 22 Orogeny 25 drift model 27-28 accommodation cycles 257, 265 magmatic rocks 75 accommodation space 265, 277 palaeolatitudes 28 acritarchs, Malopolska Massif 93 in Rheno-Hercynian Belt 42 advection, as heat source 378, 388 separation from Avalonia 49 African-European collision 22 tectonic m61ange 39 Air complex, palaeomagnetism 23, 25 Tepl/t-Barrandian Unit 44 Albersweiler Orthogneiss 40 terminology 132 Albtal Granite 48 Terrane Collage 132 alkali basalts 158 Ashgill, glacial deposits 28, 132, 133 allochthonous units, Rheno-Hercynian Belt 38 asthenosphere, upwelling 355, 376, 377 Alps asthenospheric source, metabasites 165 collisional orogeny 370 Attendorn-Elspe Syncline 241 see also Proto-Alps augen-gneiss 68 alteration, mineralogical 159 Avalon Terrane 87 Amazonian Craton 120, 122, 123, 147 Avalonia American Antarctic Ridge 167, 168, 170 and Amazonian Craton 120 Amorphognathus tvaerensis Zone 6 brachiopods 98 amphibolite facies metamorphism 41, 43, 67, 70 and Bronovistulian 110 Brunovistulian 106 collision with Armorica 298 Desnfi dome 179 collision with Baltica 52 MGCR 223 drift model 27 Saxo-Thuringia 283, 206 extent of 10 amphibolites, Bohemian Massif 156, 158 faunas 94 anatectic gneiss 45, 389 Gondwana derivation 22 anchimetamorphic facies 324 palaeolatitude 27 Anglo-Brabant Massif 233, 234, 236 passive margin 296 ANSYS program 218, 220, 357 separation from Armorican 49 Antarctica, flood basalts 170 southern margin 79 Variscan 52 Appalachian, Acadian Orogeny 25 and West African Craton 120 Appalachian Brachiopod Realm 13, 14 Avalonian Cadomian chain 108 aquifer systems, and heat transfer 250 Avalonian-Cadomian Orogenic Belt 131,132 Arabian-Nubian Shield 122 axial depth Aranograptus murrai 135 and enrichment factors 169 Aratrosporites saharaensis Microflora 16 metabasites 168 arc volcanism, Cadomian 13 Azores plume 167 arc-continent collision 213 Ardennes anticlines 202 back-arc basins, passive rifting 156, 192, 348 basement 36 back-arc spreading foreland 200 Brunovistulian 108, 109 volcanics 12 and lower crust heating 366 Arenig-Llanvirn boundary 5, 6 Rhenish Massif 49 Argentina, Precordilleran Terrane 5 Saxo-Thuringia 149 argon ages, Erzgebirge 323 336 Vosges Basin 442 argon diffusion rates 331 backthrusting 317 argon isotopic record 331-332 Baden Baden Belt 48 argon losses 332, 333 Badenweiler-Lenzkirch belt 48, 433, 442 argon spectra, Erzgebirge 326, 327 Baltic shield 39 argon storage 333-334 Baltica Armorica basement 96 crustal fragments 132 and Bohemia 122 rifting 110 drift models 27

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extent of 9-10 heat sources 376-378 faunas 94 metabasites 155 174 Tornquist margin 88 metamorphic grades 157 trilobites 22, 94 Nd isotopic data 113-129 Baltica-Avalonia, southern margin 29 origin 122 Baltica-Gondwana suture 87-102 plutonism 158-- 159 Banda Arc 199 pre-Variscan ages 52 Bardo Basin 70-71 rifting 43 B/irentiegel Porphyroid 147 samples and ages 180-189 B~irhalde Granite 48 subduction-collision model 379 Barrandian Basin 133 terrane map 76 Barrovian zones Bohemian Shear Zone 390 Bohemian Massif 175, 189 Bohemian Terrane 52, 71, 75, 79, 338, 349 Rhenish Massif 212 Bohemicum 72 basal accretion 204, 212 Boppard Thrust 202, 203, 208 basal detachment Bothriolepis 14 Rhenish Massif 206 boudinage, large-scale 51, 52, 193 Saxo-Thuringia 290, 298 Bouguer anomalies 310 basaltic andesites 409, 410, 411 Bouvet plume 167, 170 basement cover relations 200 Brabant Massif, marine transgression 36 basin asymmetry brachiopods Rheno-Hercynian Basin 267 Arenig 5 Saar-Nahe Basin 245 Armorican terrane 28 basin closure, and slab break-off 393 distribution 13, 14 basin filling 257, 259, 263 phosphatic 94 basin geometry, turbidite basins 270 Branchian age 5 basin modelling 207, 236, 242, 252 Brannfi unit 184 Basin and Range Province 387 Bray Fault 272 basin width, Saxo-Thuringia 288 British North Atlantic Province 163 Bavarian Forest 45, 47 Brittany 147, 148 benthic organisms 10 microcontinent 12 Berbersdorf Granite 344 brittle domain 219 Berga Anticline 135, 284, 286, 287, 293 brittle failure 360 Bielawy-Trzebnica 72 brittle-plastic transition 200, 206, 209, 237 Bilfi Fault 75 Brno Batholith 97, 104, 106, 179 biogeography Brno Massif 104 Carboniferous 15-17 Brotterode Formation 290 Devonian 14-15 Brunia Microcontinent 114, 122, 123 East European Platform 94-95 Brunia plate Ordovician and Silurian t3-14 Cambro-Ordovician event 190 biotite dehydration melting 375, 376 underthrusting 189 biotite granodiorite 418, 423 Brunian domain 175, 184 Biteg Gneiss 46 Bruno-Silesia 94, 97, 99 Bittesch Gneiss 104, 180 Brunovistulian Block 103-112 bivalves, non-marine 16 geological map 105 Black Forest, see Schwarzwald metamorphism 106 107 Blambach Valley 134, 147 tectonic model 107-110, 108 Blansky Les 46 zircon ages 106 block rotation 132 Brunovistulicum 94, 114, 175 blueschist metamorphism 66, 68 Bukowa Quarry 97 Bochum Beds 243 Bunte Serie 45 Bohemia burial history microcontinent 12, 27, 29 Late Devonian 249 separation of 13 Rhenish Massif 238, 239, 245, 246 Bohemian Arc 78 Buschandlwand Amphibolite 45 Bohemian Margin 42 Bugin Fault 73 Bohemian Massif Armorican 110 Barrovian zones 175 Cadomian basement 120-123 arc volcanism 13 chronology 175-197 Avalonia 10 crustal blocks 157 back-arc basin 136, 148 Elbe Fault Zone 73 basement 27, 41, 66, 72, 94, 109 geological map 64, 176, 371 crust 185

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deformation event 22 continental collision zones 217-230 magmatic arcs 76 continental crust Orogeny 43, 145 mass balance 410 paragneisses 36 multi-element diagram 422 radiometric ages 28 Continental Deep Drilling 42 rifting 166 continental lithosphere, and rifting 169 stratigraphy 109 continents subduction 43, 75 early Carboniferous 16 unconformity 133 early Devonian 13 calc-alkali magmatism late Carboniferous 17 Bohemian Massif 156, 170, 192 late Devonian 15 Saxo-Thuringia 283 convergent plate boundary 223 subduction zone melting 391 cooling ages, Erzgebirge 326-328 Caledonian corals, Ktodzko 70 basement 36 Cracow Fault 93, 94 detrital micas 52 crenulation cleavage, Schwarzburg Anticline 286 foreland 201 Cretan Arc 199 quartz arenites 38 crust Caledonian orogenic event 29 felsic 402, 41 l Caledonides, Scandinavian 97 formation age 118 CaIloxylon 15 crust-mantle coupling 220 Cambrian, stage boundaries 5 crustal balancing 318 Caradoc Series, base of 6 crustal blocks carbonate facies, Laurentia 9 Bohemian Massif 157 Carboniferous, base of 7 Sudetes Mountains 156-157 Carboniferous Limestone Platform 38 crustal contamination 156, 163-164, 168 cataclasites 202, 206 crustal evolution cataclastic flow 211 Rhenish Massif 237 Catalan terrane 28, 29 Variscan orogeny 409 Ce/Yb ratios 159, 162 crustal extension Ce/Zr ratios 163 Rhenish Massif 233 Central Basic Belt, Brunovistulian 106, 107, 109 Saxo-Thuringia 284 Central Bohemian Batholith 44, 46, 47, 74, 377 crustal flow, lower crust 355-368, 356 Central Europe, structural map 88 crustal growth, mantle magmatism 408 409 Cervenohorsk6 sedlo Belt 114, 120, 183-184 chaotic assemblages, G6rlitz 68 crustal imbrication 328 China Margin 199 crustal melting 109, 395 chlorite thennometry 295 crustal models 411 Clanschwitz Group 133, 135, 140 crustal profile, Erzgebirge 328 clastic sediments, Rheno-Hercynian Belt 36, 37 crustal recycling 119 coalfields crustal residence time paralic 16 (~ervenohorsk6 sedlo belt 184 Ruhr Basin 234 Desnfi dome 180, 182 coalification 237, 240, 241,243, 252 Keprnik nappe 184 collision geometry 209 Lugian Domain 119 collision zones, asymmetry 218 Silesian Domain 120 collisional deformation, orthogonal component 50-51 Stronie 189 collisional orogeny crustal rocks, high-level 156 Alps 370 crustal shortening, Saxo-Thuringia 287, 288, 290 Saxo-Thuringian Zone 281-302 crustal stacking 324, 329, 347 compatible element ratios 419 crustal structure, Rhenish Massif 237 conglomerates crustal temperature 219 Permian 64 and deformation 220 Vosges 48 crustal thickening conodonts distribution 51 Arenig 5 model 220, 224 East European Platform 94, 95 and radiogenic heat 298, 355, 356, 388, 394, 396 Gnathodus Zones 341 crustal thickness, Rhenish Massif 250 Kaczawa 68 crustal thinning, Cambro-Ordovician 190, 192 Prioniodus variabilis Subzone 6 crustal velocities 304 contact metamorphism 106, 372 Crux Thrust 284, 287, 289, 290, 296, 298 contamination trends 165 cumulates, ultramafic 70 continental accretion 199 cyclic propagation 212 continental collision, models 218, 221 cyclic sedimentation, turbidites 265, 266, 267

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D. deflexus Zone 5 Orlica-Snie2nik Dome 67, 114 dacite 180, 189 Saxo-Thuringia 349 dating methods 5 Schwarzwald 48 deep seismic profiles 222 Velk6 Vrbno 189 see also DEKORP Eger Graben 76, 346, 347 deformation, and crustal temperature 220 Eggenburg 104 deformation partitioning 298 Eibenstock Granite 310 DEKORP sections 204, 211,225, 229, 243, 262, Eifel Anticline 241 287-290, 298, 304 Eifel Basin 233, 236, 237 delamination 377, 393-394, 401-414 Eifel Depression 233 Alps 404 Eisemroth Thrust 262 Delitzsch Basin 271 Eisgarn Granite 47 Delitzsch-Torgau-Doberlug Syncline 133, 136, 145 Elbe Fault Zone 51, 63, 73 74, 133, 135, 145, 192, 272, deltaic deposits 265, 270 275, 341 density conversion factor 274 English Lake District 12 denudation rates 257, 276 enrichment factors, and axial depth 169 denudation volumes 273 ensialic basins, initiation 169 Desnfi Dome 104, 107, 109, 110, 114, 176 Epicaledonian Platforna 87 continental margin arc origin 182 Erkelenzer High 251 core 179 erosion Nd ages 120, 121 asymmetric 218, 223 samples and ages 180-183 as exhumation process 220 detachment model 210 partitioning 337 propagation 207-208, 212 rates 223 strength 211-211 Rheno-Hercynian belt 36, 245-246, 251,274 localization 208 211,213 unloading 348 Devonian rates 223 base of 6 erosion volumes, mass balancing 275 palaeomagnetic evidence 25 Erzgebirge 42, 43, 74, 75 Dhlen Basin 74 Anticlinorium 68, 344 diamictite, Saharan 133 Argon Spectra 362, 327 Diendorf-Boskovice fault system 104 geological map 325 creep diffusion 390 geology 324 329 creep dislocation 211,390 Moho depth 304 creep dissolution-precipitation 211 Nd model ages 118, 121 Djerada Basin 17 overthrust 306 Dobra Orthogneiss 45, 46, 104 seismic profiles 309, 317 Dohna Granodiorite 145 tectonic models 324, 344 Drahany Uplands 73 white mica ages 323-336 Dresden 73, 74 Eu anomalies 402, 419, 423 drift rates, Gondwana 25 European Geotraverse 208, 378, 401,403 Drosendorf Assemblage 44, 45, 46, 417 exhumation Dubrau Quartzite 64-65 Bohemian Massif 389 ductile domain 219, 360 Erzgebirge 334 ductile shearing 224, 296, 309, 324 high pressure rocks 337 ductile thrusts 51 processes 217, 220, 303 322 duplex structures 203, 290, 317 rapid 226, 390 Dwyka varves 26 Rhenish Massif 251 dykes, mafic 71 Saxo-Thuringia 296, 299, 319, 337-354, 348, 350 Saxonian Granulite Massif 364, 366, 367 East European Craton 63, 78, 90, 98 and sediment fill 271-276 East European Platform 79, 87, 90-91 and slab break-off 393 East Sudetes 72 upper plate 272 Ebbe Anticline 36, 234, 246 volumes 273, 274 Ebbe Thrust 204, 262 extension Eburian Province 147 and basin fill 275 eclogite facies metamorphism 42, 43 causes 337 eclogites mid-European Variscides 49 and continental collision 401 post-collisional 225 diamond-bearing 337 syn-convergent 390 Erzgebirge 324 Kamieniec Complex 71 fabrics, Saxo-Thuringia 285 Miedzyg6rze 68 facies model, East European Platform 90 Mfinchberg 66, 373 Faille du Midi 202, 203

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fan systems 261,438 geodynamic models faunal distribution 22 Saxo-Thuringia 348 felsic rocks, extrusion 52, 158 Saxonian granulites 318-319 Fennoscandian crust 90, 99 geophysical data, Saxo-Thuringia 306-315, 316 Ferrar Province 170 Gera-Jachimov Fault 318 Fichtelgebirge 45, 315, 341 Gf6hl Assemblage 44, 45 46, 73, 374, 380, 402, 423 Fichtelgebirge/Erzgebirge Antiform 42, 287, 318, 338, Gieraltow 179 340, 350 Giessen, ophiolite 12 finite element methods 217, 220 Giessen Nappe 39, 201,202, 206, 208, 271 finite element models 221, 359-360, 361 Giessen Ocean 233, 260 Rhenish Massif 242, 243, 244 Giessen-Harz Unit 39, 259, 260 fish Giessen-Sfidharz-Selke Unit 38, 39 Famennian 14rates 223 glacial deposits, Ashgill 28 Old Red Sandstone 10 glaciation, Saharan 44, 49, 132, 133 placoderms 14 Glasbach Granite 145, 295 fission-track analysis 236, 237, 241 global cooling, Ordovician 28 Flechtingen horst 35, 38, 260 Gnathodus Zones 7, 341 flood basalts 170, 394 gneiss-eclogites 324 Florida, Gondwana derivation 22 Goldisthal Group 134, 135, 145 flow laws 220, 221, 227 Gondwana fluid inclusions 240 and Bohemia 122 flysch sedimentation 39, 93, 201,212, 442 drift history 22 Rhenish Massif 234 extent of 10 folding, Teuschnitz Syncline 286 formation of 22 foliation, Schwarzburg Anticline 284 fragmentation 192, 193 footwall failure 213 and Laurussia 9-20, 30 Fore-Sudetic Block 68 low-Ti basalts 166 dynamic stratigraphy 70 margin 98, 170 forearc basin, Saar 41 models 22-26 forearc width 208 northern margin 13, 29, 109, 123 forearc-trench system, Malopolska Massif 93 palaeomagnetism 21-34 foreland, lower crust 356 rifting 167, 192 foreland basin separation of Saxo-Thuringia 150 evolution 270, 296 goniatite zones 259, 260, 266, 341 Saxo-Thuringia 340, 347 G6rlitz Assemblage 68 sediments 234, 259, 267, 276 G6rlitz-Kaczawa Unit 68, 75 fossil dispersion 29 G6ry Sowie Block 68-69, 71, 74, 76 Franconia, suspect terrane 42, 52 dynamic stratigraphy 69 Franconian Line 283, 284, 309 Nd model ages 118, 119, 121 Frankenberg Klippe 42, 317, 338, 341 plutonism 158 Frankenstein Gabbro 40 G6ttengriin Thrust 284, 286, 290, 293, 296, 298, 317 Frankenwald 306 Gr'/ifenthal Group 134 Frankenwald Transverse Zone 51 grain-size effects, argon retention 334 Frasnian-Famennian, palaeopoles 25 Grandispora Microflora 15 Frauenbach Group 134, 147 granitoids Freiberg gneisses 346 anatectic 169 Freistadt Granodiorite 47 Brunovistulian 104-106, 109 frictional heating 211,250 I-type 104, 109, 391,394 frictional sliding 360 mica sources 97 Frohnberg Group 133, 140, 145 Mid German Crystalline High 41 frontal accretion 212 Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian 46-47 Niemcza Zone 71 gabbros, layered 187, 190 Variscan Orogen 388 Gander terrane, origin of 22 granodiorite 418, 419 garnet peridotites GRANU profiles 307, 308, 309 Bohemian Massif 375 granulite emplacement 319 Gf6hl Assemblage 46 granulite facies metamorphism 45, 49, 5l, 67, 187 G6ry Sowie 75 Bohemian Massif 375 Saxonian Granulites 341,346 Erzgebirge 341 Vosges 48 Saxo-Thuringia 306 garnet-phengite thermometer 294 granulites, Saxo-Thuringian 303, 318, 319 garnets, formation temperatures 295 graphite schists 307, 315, 317 geochemical classification, metabasites 159 163 graptolites, Malopolska 93 geochronology, Bohemian Massif 179-180 gravitational collapse 218, 393, 395

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gravity database, Saxo-Thuringia 310-315 hybrid magmas 427 gravity low, Erzgebirge 304 hydraulic intrusion, Saxo-Thuringia 349 350 gravity map, Saxo-Thuringia 312 hydrogen isotopes 422 gravity models 310 Saxo-Thuringia 313, 314, 349 Iapetus Ocean 11 greenschist metamorphism 42, 66, 70, 106 closure 27, 29 Saxo-Thuringia 290, 293 opening of 22, 27 Grenvillian, Nd ages 120 Iapetus suture 11 greywacke, melting 119 Iberia 27 Gross-Radisch 136 position of 132 Grossenhain Orthogneiss 145 Iberian peninsula, bimodal volcanism 156 growth faults 200, 209 Icartian event 147 Icriodus woschmidti Zone 6 Hainichen Molasse 306 illite crystallinity 293 Hanugovice 185, 186, 187 imbricate splays, and sediment thickness 211 Harz, ophiolite 12 imbrication 201,209, 264, 265, 324 Harz Mountains 12, 35, 73, 200 see also crustal imbrication turbidites 260 incompatible element ratios 162, 163, 419, 441 Harzgerode Allochthon 39 injection model 319 Haupt-Grfinsteinzug 38 Intra-Lusatian Fault 68 heat flow Intra-Sudetic Basin 67, 79 crustal 395 Intra-Sudetic Fault 65, 67, 74, 78, 192 Erzgebirge 330 intrusions Rheno-Hercynian Belt 37, 231 255, 238, 239, 245, Saxo-Thuringia 133 246 Sudetes blocks 156 Ruhr Basin 240 iron ores, oolitic 133, 134 Saar-Nahe Basin 241,248 island arcs Star6 M~sto 190 Brunovistulian 108 syn-rift 236 continental 148 Vosges 49 Variscan 52 heat flow evolution 249 251 isostatic modelling 207-208, 276 heat flow modelling 236 isothermal uplift 207 heat sources Isselburg 3 well 237, 243 Bohemian Massif 376 378 Ivrea Verbano Zone 402, 403 Variscides 387-399 Izera Granitoids 65, 158, 170 heating, synkinematic 211,212 Hebridean basalts 163 Jablunkov massif 106 Herzkamp Syncline 241 Jesenik 181 Hessen Depression 233 Jesenik) Mountains 73, 107 Hessian basin 262, 272 concordia diagrams 183, 186, 188 Hessische Schieferserie 38, 39 geological map 116, 177 high field strength element signature 156, 159, 162, 168 section 178 high pressure rocks, exhumation 337 Jegted Mountains 66, 75 high temperature metamorphism Jitrava 65 distribution 388-391 Jizersk6 Mountains 114, 119 models 292 high-strain zones 220 K-Ar dating highstands 265, 277 methodology 95 Hlinsko Fault 74 summary 96 Hohe Dubrau 133, 136 Kaczawa 65, 67 Holmia 94 rifting 190 Holoptychius 14 volcanic rocks 157, 167 Holy Cross Dislocation 92, 99 Kamieniec-Strzelin Belt 71-72, 75 Holy Cross Mountains 88, 91 Kamjeniec Complex 68, 75 Holz Conglomerate 235 Kanczuga borehole 97 H6rre-Gommern Zone 38, 39, 50, 73 kaolinite 150 horst zones 51,209 Kaplice Unit 45 hot spots 394 Karkonosze Granite 65, 66, 74 Hradec Krfilov6 64, 78 Karoo Province 170 Hrubj~ Jesenik Mountains 104 Katzhfitte Group 133, 140, 145 Hunsrfick 36, 38, 39, 204, 211 Keprnik nappe 107, 120, 176 Hunsrfick Basin 236 geochronology 184 Hunsrfick-Soonwald Plateau 233, 237 gneiss 104, 179 Hunsrfick-Taunus Boundary Fault 233 kerogen 240

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Kjerulfia 94 lithostatic pressure 356, 357, 366, 401 klippes Lizard, ophiolite 12 distribution 50 Lizard Giessen Harz Ocean 222, 223, 233 external 42 Llandrindod Wells 6 tectonic 338 Llanvirn Series 6 Ktodzko Unit 70, 75 Llanvirn Caradoc boundary 6 Korbach Sub-basin 262 Llanwyrtyd volcanics 6 Krefeld High 251 Ltyfnant Flags 5 Krkono~e Mountains 66, 114, 119 Lochkovian epoch 6 Kulm facies 234 London-Brabant Basin 203 Kupferschiefer 237 L6ssnitz-Zw6nitz Zone 307 Kutn~t Hora-Svratka Complex 402 lower allochthon 341-348 kyanite schists 189 lower crust Kyffh/iuser 41 chemical composition 406, 407 crustal flow 355-368, 356 Laas Granodiorite 145 samples 404, 405 Lachlan fold belt 25 segmentation 318 Lahn Syncline 39 seismic properties 406 Lahn/Dill area 38 Lower Rhein Embayment 231,233, 246 Lalaye-Lubine Fault 434 lowstand systems tracts 134, 135 Lalaye-Lubine shear zone 48 Ludlow age 6 lamprophyres 377, 396, 423 Ludvikov Gneiss 110 large ion lithophile elements 159, 162, 441 Lugian Domain 114, 118, 119 120, 122, 176 latitude, brachiopod distributions 14 geochronology 189 Laubach Granite 145 Lule6 Conglomerate 75 Laurentia Lusatia 65, 192 drift models 27 Lusatian Massif 114, 118, 121 extent of 9 Lysogdry Unit 52, 88, 91-92, 99 turbidites 11 Laurussia mafic enclaves 418, 423 accretionary terranes 30 mafic lower crust 401,409, 411 active margin 29 mafic-felsic volcanic association 158 collision with Gondwana 22 magma chambers, zoned 163 and Gondwana 9-20 magma mixing 415-431 passive margin 41 magma sources, Brunovistulian 104, 107 separation from Gondwana 25 magmatic arcs see also Old Red Sandstone Continent Cadomian 76 Lausitz 310 Mid German Crystalline High 40, 442 Lausitz Anticline 133, 136 radiometric ages 40 Lausitz Group 136, 140 Saxo-Thuringia 222 Lausitz-Izera Unit 64-66, 73, 75 magmatic fractionation 162 dynamic stratigraphy 65 magmatism lavas, Sudetes blocks 156 granitoid 51,369 lead isotope ratios 181 linear traces 392 Lehesten Thrust 286, 290, 293 mafic 391 Leipzig Group 135 and metamorphism 389 Leipzig Ellenberg Massif 135 pulsed 389 Lennefe Syncline 241 Rhenish Massif 251 Leonian Province 147 rift-related 156 Lepidodendron 15 S-type 395 Lepidodendropsis 15 Saxo-Thuringia 133, 290, 293 leptytno-amphibolite complexes 72, 373 magnetic anomalies, Odra Zone 72 Leszczyniec Metavolcanic Unit 66 magnetic inclination 21 Letovice Complex 72-73 magnetotelluric survey 309-310 Leuchtenberg Granite 47 major elements Ligerian, Moldanubian suture 12 13 Rastenberg pluton 420 Lippstadt High 251 Vosges 436, 437 listric faulting, Sudetic Marginal Fault 74 Malmedy Graben 246 lithosphere Malopolska Massif 52, 88, 92-94, 98 elastic strength 270 forearc-trench system 93 modelling 357, 358, 359-360, 362, 363 Gondwana derivation 99 temperature 360 mantle lithospheric extension, as heat source 395 lherzolitic 162 lithospheric strength 356 lithospheric 50, 377, 392

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partial melting 162 peak pressures and temperatures 227, 229, 325, 340 temperature 388 retrogressive 46, 66 thickness 396 Saxo-Thuringia 293 296 upwelling 366 tectonic models 372 mantle magmatism, crustal growth 408 409 metasomatism 170, 375, 377, 423 mantle plumes mica schist eclogites 324, 329, 334 as heat source 394 Mid German Crystalline High thermal anomaly 360 boundary faults 41 mantle rocks 43, 69, 107 correlation with Odra Zone 72, 78 margin failure 213 evolution 40-42 Mariansk~ Lfizn~ Unit 42, 66, 75, 338 exhumation 271 marine organisms, and ocean width 10 isotopic signature 344 marine transgression magmatic arc 40, 201 Armorican Terrane Collage 133 mountain range 265 Bardo Basin 71 orogenic wedge 259 Brabant Massif 36 and Rheic suture 12 Teplfi-Barrande 51 Saar Basin 235 Marion plume 170 underplated rocks 207 mass balancing 257, 271-276 uplift 273 continental crust 410 Mid-Atlantic Ridge 167 equations 274-275 MiedzygSrze, eclogite 68 factors included 271 migmatization 67, 69, 107, 389, 390 volumes 272 minettes 419, 423 mass deficit 276, 277 miospores Massif Central Carboniferous 15 bimodal volcanism 156 Westphalian 17 nappes 373, 390 Mirotice Orthogneiss 44 xenoliths 349 modelling Massif Central-Moldanubian Ocean 46, 49, 52 continental collision 218 maturation modelling 209 lithosphere 359 360 maximum burial, and heat flow 249 Mohelno granulite 46 Mazury High 96 Moho mechanical basin modelling 236 depth 223, 225, 237, 304, 403 mechanical properties material boundaries 224 crust and mantle 359 relief 88, 355 Variscan crust 219 temperatures 218, 220, 227, 360 mega-shears 51 molasse basins megaslumps 201 Carboniferous 201,207 Meisenheim 1 well 241 on-wedge 274 Meissen pluton 73, 341 Rhenish Massif 234 melagranites 417, 419, 427 Moldanubian mesoperthite 374, 375 anatexis 176 meta-cumulates 406, 408 Bohemian Massif 44 47 meta-laterite 45 boundary 104 metabasalts, intraplate 39, 75 Monotonous Series 45, 380 metabasites nappes 402 Bohemian Massif 155-174 ophiolitic belt 156 chemical variation 164, 166 paragneisses 43 discrimination 160 rock types 372 enrichment 162 sediment source 276 Moldanubian 373 ultra-high pressure rocks 390 Saxo-Thuringia 315 Variegated Series 45, 46 sources 164-166 Moldanubian Terrane 52, 193 submarine 158 Moldanubian Thrust 73, 74, 75, 78 metagreywackes, Grenvillian 181 Moldanubian-Lugian Domain 114, 175 metamorphic complexes Monilospora Microflora 15 exhumation 222 Moravo-Silesian Belt 36, 46, 73, 75, 78, 114 formation of 355 Moravo-Silesian domain 175 geometry 361 Moravo-Silesian Transition Zone 120 metamorphic grades, Bohemian Massif 157, 372 Moravo-Silesian Unit 103 metamorphism MORB basalts high grade 317 318 Bohemian Massif 156, 167 HT-LP 222, 371 Giessen Nappe 39, 201 inverse 44 Kaczawa complex 158

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Nov6 M6sto 119 Northern Phyllite Zone 12, 39, 49, 78 Orlica-Snie2nik Dome 67 pressure 223 Rhenish Massif 233 Northern Saxonian Anticline 133, 135 Saxo-Thuringian suture 12 Nov6 M6sto Unit 119 Morocco, flora 17 numerical models 217, 2t 8-220, 223 Mosel Graben 233, 236, 237 Mosel Syncline 206, 208 mud turbidites 257, 265 O/SiO 2 ratios 427 Mfinchberg obduction eclogite 66 Brunovistulian 109 Klippe 42, 43, 75, 338, 340, 347 Cadomian arc 149 Nappe 284, 286, 287, 293, 317, 402 Oberpfalz 45, 47 orthogneiss 69 ocean width, and marine organisms 10 thrust stack 68 ocean-floor magmatism, Rudawy Janowickie 190 Mtinchberg Gneiss Massif 310 ocean-island basalts, enrichment patterns 165 metamorphic grades 373 oceanic crust 155, 168, 170, 187 Mfinsterland borehole 240 oceanic spreading centres 167 muscovites Odenwald Mountains 40, 41,225, 227 cooling ages 91, 92, 95-99, 98 Oder-EIbe Fault Zone 260 detrital 89, 95-99 Odra Fault Zone 71, 72, 78, 192 preparation 95 Odwies Granite 47 mylonites Old Red Sandstone Continent 36, 52, 78 Cervenohorsk6 sedlo belt 183 see also Laurussia Keprnik nappe 184 Old Red Shelf 236 Niemcza Zone 71 olistoliths 68, 71, 78 Orlica-Snieznik 179 Olomouc 106 Rhenish Massif 202 onlap Saxo-Thuringia 284 coastal 266 distal 261 Nahe Syncline 244 Rheno-Hercynian Turbidite Basin 275 Namur Basin 274 ophiolites Namurian, base of 7 Giessen 12 nappes Harz 12 allochthonous 370 Lizard 12 extrusion 51 Sleza 166 stacking 390 Star6 M6sto 187 Variscides 373 Sudetic 68, 69-70, 75 Nb-Ta anomalies 163, 164 Ordovician, start of 5 Nb/Y ratios 159, 167 Ordovician and Silurian, biogeography 13-14 Nd isotopic data Orlica-Snie2nik Dome 67, 71, 73, 75, 114, 119 Bohemian Massif 113 129 Cambro-Ordovician event 190-192 0;ervenohorsk6 sedlo 185 Lugian domain 179, 189 compositional variation 118 plutonism 158 Desnfi dome 181, 182 Orlick6 Hory Mountains 185, 189 methodology 114-115 oroclinal bending 78, 193 Orlica-Snie2nik dome 191 orogen geometry, and rheology 220 Rastenberg 420 orogenic events, West Sudetes 76 Star6 M~sto 186-187, 189 orogenic wedges 199, 251,252, 259, 269 Velk~ Vrbno 185 thickening 270 Nd model ages 115, 118, 118, 119 orthogneisses, P-T conditions 329 Nd-Sr ratios 426 orthogonal shortening 50, 51 nekton 10 ostracodes 10, 11 Nemagraptus gracilis Zone 6 benthic 14 Niemcza Zone 68, 70, 71 Emsian 25 Noric-Bosnian terrane 28, 29 Malopolska Block 99 Normandy-Brittany 132, 133 Ostsauerlfinder Hauptsattel 38 North African margin 199 overburden, erosion of 251 North Atlantic Ocean, opening of 241, 251 oxygen isotopes 421 North Australian Margin 199 North Bohemian Shear Zone 390 P-T data, Saxo-Thuringia 293-295 North German Basin 243 P T diagram North German-Polish Caledonides 87 basal detachment rocks 206 North Gondwana Margin 49 Saxo-Thuringia 294 North Saxonian Synform 73 Variscide evolution 376

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P- T paths playa deposits 235 collisional 226, 228 plume sources, metabasites 165, 166, 169 Rhenish Massif 250 plume-ridge interaction 155-174 P-T-t diagram, Saxonian Granulite Massif 365 plutonism P-wave velocities 403, 411 arc-related 40 Paffrath Syncline 241,243, 251 Bohemian Massif 158 159 palaeobiogeography, faunal evidence 25 pulsed 106 palaeoclimate, subtropical 276, 278 Poland, geological setting 89 palaeocurrents 261 polar wandering curves, Gondwana 23, 25 palaeogeographic reconstructions 26 Pomerania 39 palaeogeography 21 34 Post-Archaean Sediment composite 165 palaeolatitudes, and magnetic data 21 Prachatice 46 palaeomagnetism 21-34 Pragian epoch 6 palaeopole positions 23, 24, 25 Prague 74 Palaeotethys Ocean 29 Prague Syncline 63 Palaeozoic, time scale 5-8, 6 Precambrian Cambrian Boundary 145 Palatinate pressure gradients, lateral 356 magmatic arc 40 pressure solution 286 metamorphism and plutonism 41 P~idoli age 6, 92 Pan-African event 120, 122, 147, 402 Prioniodus variabilis Subzone 6 Pangaea pro-wedges 223, 298 consolidation of 25 prodelta deposits 267, 270 formation of 22, 26, 29, 30 progradation, stepwise 262, 277, 299 Pannotia 147 Proto-Alps, drift model 28-29 Paripteris pseudogiganta 17 Protolenus 97 partial melting, mantle 162 pseudo-well modelling 236 passive margin pseudochrons 426 Bohemian Massif 158 pure shear 263 Rheno-Hercynian Belt 200, 222 Purpurberg Quartzite 135, 145, 149 Saxo-Thuringia 148 pyroxene granulites 315, 341 passive margin detachment 199-215 pyroxenes, mantle 377, 378 passive rifting, back-arc basins 156 Pb isotopes 420, 423 quartz monzodiorite 418, 423 pegmatites, ZEV 43 quartz monzonite 182, 417, 419 pelagic larvae 13 pelagic limestones, Rhenish Massif 38 Raabs Sea 193 pelagic organisms 10 Raabs-Meisling Unit 45, 46 penetrative strain 287-289 radiogenic heating, and crustal thickness 298,356, 388, Pennant Formation 17 394, 396 pepperites 435 radiometric ages, Saxo-Thuringia 140, 141-143, Peri-Baltic Depression 90 145 147 Peri-Gondwana terraces 108 ramps, localization 200, 204, 213 peridotites Ramzov~ overthrust 190 Letovice Complex 73 rank analysis, coal seams 242 mantle 377, 378, 412 rare earth elements Sudetic Ophiolite 70 Bohemian Massif 159, 161, 162 Perunica 132, 133 enrichment 163 petrogenetic groups 47 lower crust 406, 408, 409 petrological data, Variscan Orogen 225-227 Vosges 441 petrophysical data 404 Rastenberg Granodiorite 47, 415 431 Pfalz Anticline 244 geochemistry 419 422, 424-425 phengite barometry 294 major element plots 420 Phycodes Group 134, 135 petrography 417-418 Phycodes pedum Zone 5 rock classification 417 Phyllite Zone, Rhenish Massif 201,233 sampling 418 419 Phyllite Zone Thrust 202, 203, 206, 208 Red Sea Rift 349 pinch-and-swell deformation 361 reef carbonates, Rheno-Hercynian Belt 37, 233 plane-strain conditions 287 reheating, Erzgebirge 328, 334 plankton 10 relative autochthon 338, 347 plants, Carboniferous 15 Rem~golepis 14 plate convergence 356 Remscheid-Altena Anticline 36, 234, 241,243, 251 plate rotation 44, 53, 63, 78 resisitivity model, Saxo-Thuringia 310, 311 plateau formation 218 restites 422 plateau uplift 393 retreating subduction 192

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retro-arc sedimentation 275 and continental lithosphere 169 retro-shears 298 intracratonic 155-174 retro-wedges 223, 298, 299, 315 Saxo-Thuringia 283 Reykjanes Ridge 167 Rio Negro event 120, 147 Rheic Ocean 12, 13, 14 river systems 272 closure 28, 30, 52 Rock-Eval pyrolysis 237, 240 opening 27 Rodinia 147 Rheic suture 12, 39, 52 break-up of 22, 27 Rhenish Basin 233 Rondonian event 120, 147 Rhenish Brachiopod Realm 13, 14 Rothstein Group 133, 136, 140 Rhenish Massif 35, 52, 73 Rotliegend 244, 246, 251 accretionary wedge 201 Rudawy Janowickie 66, 67, 74 allochthonous units 37, 38 metavolcanics 158, 168 basal detachment 203, 211 ocean-floor magmatism 190 basin restoration 205 Ruhla 41, 42, 227 crustal evolution 237 Ruhla Crystalline Complex 283, 284, 288, 296, 298 crustal thickness 250 Ruhr Basin deformation style 234 convergence 390 geological map 232 evolution 231,237 geometry 204, 204 molasse 38, 234 onset of folding 249 orogenic front 235 overburden and heat flow 241 Permian sediments 246 rift margin 212 thermal history 251 stratigraphic column 234 Westphalian sediments 222 structure 202-203 Rumburk Granite 147, 170 thermal evolution 231 Rychleby Mountains 187, 189 thrust systems 264 R)chory Mountains 66, 158, 168, 190 turbidites in 260 uplift 275 Saar 1 well 241 Rheno-Hercynian Belt 35-40 Saar-Nahe Basin and Brunovistulian Block 103 basin modelling 243-245 collision 52, 233 coalification 241 dynamic stratigraphy 37 evolution 40, 207, 231,235 geological framework 200-202, 259-260 heat flow 248 geological map 200 mass balancing 273 heat flow 37, 231-255 section 247 passive margin 199, 222, 252, 306 subsidence 41,225 seismic profiles 202 thermal history 251 shelf 281 Saarbriicken Anticline 235 stratigraphy 259 Sabellidites cambrensis Zone 5 tectonic relationships 41 Sackpfeife Thrust 202, 203 as terrane 12 Saharan glaciation 44, 49, 132, 133, 134 Rheno-Hercynian Foreland 78 St Blasien Granite 48 Rheno-Hercynian Ocean 42, 49, 50, 52 St Brieux-Tr6gor Domain 148 Rheno-Hercynian Suture Zone 40 St Ingbert Formation 235 Rheno-Hercynian Turbidite Basin 260-261,261 San Block 92-94 formation 259 Sandomierz Phase 98 section 258 Saxo-Thuringia 133-136 sequence stratigraphy 268 balanced section 287-290 subsidence 266 basin width 288 Rheno-Hercynian-Saxo-Thuringian wedges, section borehole sections 150 297 collision with Teplfi-Barrande 284, 286, 293, 296, rheological boundaries 200 315 rheological standards 221 exhumation 296, 299, 319, 337-354 theology fabrics 285 crustal layers 223, 360 foreland basin 340 and deformation 220 geochronology 290-293, 291 rhyodacitic lavas, Kaczawa complex 158 geological framework 283-286, 306, 338 348 rift margin, Rhenish Massif 212, 233 geological map 339, 342 rift metamorphism 43, 66, 72 geophysical data 306 315, 316 rifting geophysical profiles 304 Armorica 110 geotectonic events 148, 149, 151, 346 Cadomian 76, 150, 166 gravity database 310-315 Cambro-Ordovician 190 gravity map 312

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gravity models 313, 314 sediment thickness, and imbricate splays 211 high-grade rocks 317-318 sediment volume 273 hydraulic intrusion 349-350 sedimentary prisms, detachment 199 lithosections 135 sedimentation, Rheno-Hercynian Basin 38 magmatic arc 222 sedimentation rates 246 metabasites 315 turbidites 269 270, 270, 277 metamorphism 293-296 seismic profiles passive margin 148 Rheno-Hercynian Belt 202 peak metamorphism 292, 296 Saxo-Thuringia 287-290, 288, 289, 305, 308 radiometric ages 140, 141-143 Variscan Orogen 224-225, 226, 229, 403 resisitivity model 310, 311 seismic reflection 307-309 section 340, 347 seismic refraction 307 sediment sources 148, 149, 276 Semily 66 seismic profiles 287-290, 317 sequence stratigraphy 134, 257 separation from Gondwana 150 Sericite Gneiss 147 structural levels 338 serpentinites tectonic units 283, 285 Saxo-Thuringia 349 tectonostratigraphy 134 Sudetic Ophiolite 70 trace elements 146 Vosges 49 transform margin 150 shear zones Saxo-Thuringian Belt ductile 185 Erzgebirge Anticlinorium 68 Lausitz-Izera 65 evolution 315-317 orogen-parallel 51 and Gondwana 43 Rhenish Massif 211 and Lausitz-Izera Unit 66 Saxo-Thuringia 294 section 42 West Sudetes 79 and West Sudetes 75 shearing Saxo-Thuringian Metamorphic Nappes 66 retrograde 106 Saxo-Thuringian Ocean 49, 52, 75, 79 Rhenish Massif 207 Saxo-Thuringian Terrane 12, 27, 29, 52, 78 Shelveian Orogeny 12 evolution 131-153 shoshonitic composition 378 peri-Gondwana 132 SHRIMP data 5, 67, 136, 180, 187, 188,341,347 Saxo-Thuringian Zone, collisional orogeny 281 302 Sicilian Arc 199 Saxonian Granulite Dome 42, 317, 350 Siegen Anticline 241,243, 251 Saxonian Granulite Massif 287, 303, 304, 306 Siegen Thrust 202, 203, 206, 262 evolution 380 Silesia 52 geodynamic models 318-319 Silesian Domain 114, 120, 122, 123, 176 granulites 356 evolution 189-190 magnetotelluric survey 309 samples and ages 180-185 as metamorphic core complex 364, 374 sillimanite-andalusite facies 329 schist mantle 341,365 slab detachment 51,378, 380, 392 393 section 342, 343 slab-pull forces 51 structure 341,345 Slavkov Terrane 107, 109 temperatures 337 Sleza, ophiolite 166 Saxonian Granulitgebirge 75 Sm/Nd data 116, 117 schist mantle, Saxonian Granulite 307, 341,342, 364 Snieznik 170 Schmidtiellus 94 Soederberghia 14 Schreufa 265 South America, Grenvillian component 122 Schwarzburg Anticline South Bohemian Batholith 44, 47, 389, 390, 402, basement 289 416, 428 crustal shortening 287 South Hunsrtick Fault 235 deformation 284, 286 South Karkonosze, dynamic stratigraphy 67 geochronology 292, 293 South West Indian Ridge 167, 170 Kernzone 140 Southern Vosges Basin lithostratigraphic units 133, 134 evolution 442 P T conditions 296 geological map 435 retro-wedge 225 Specking well 240 strain 288 Spessart Mountains 41, 42, 225, 227 Thuringian facies 145 Sphenopteridium 15 Schwarzwald 47-48, 52, 389, 442 Spiesen Formation 235 sea-level variation 265 spinel peridotites 375 seamounts, basalts 167 Spitz Gneiss 104 sediment fill, and exhumation 271-276 Sr isotopes 420 sediment recycling 275 Sr/Sr plot 427

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Star6 M~sto Unit 114 Sumperk 182 affinities 72 suture zones, European 11 Cambro-Ordovician event 190 Svecofennian crust 95, 96 geochronology 179, 185 Svecofennian-Birimian-Amazonian event 120, 121 mafic rocks 120 Svetlik Orthogneiss 45 ophiolite 121, 187 Svratka Dome 74, 104 Saxo-Thuringian Belt 78 Swiebodzice Basin 68, 71, 79 Stfire Mfisto Belt 43 Sydney coalfield 17 Star~ Sedlo Orthogneiss 44 Szklary 70, 71 staurolite 179, 183 Steige 48 step-up shears 218 Ta/Yb ratios 165 Stephanian, base of 7 Taiwan-Luzon Arc 199 strain models 224, 226, 362 Taunus Mountains 38, 39, 203, 204, 211,265 strain partitioning 217, 229, 299, 355, 367 Taunus Thrust 202, 204, 208 stratigraphy, Rheno-Hercynian Belt 259 Taunuskamm-Soonwald Thrust 211,229 stress fields 364, 367 tectonic denudation 220, 390, 404 stress profiles 357 tectonic environment, Sudetic metabasites 166-168 stretching factor, Rhenish Massif 237 tectonic slices, Rudawy Janowickie 158 striated stones 43 tectonic stacking 246, 251 strike-slip displacements 51,276 tectonic units, Saxo-Thuringia 285 Stronie Group 179, 189 Teisseyre-Tornquist Line 87, 90, 98 Strzelin-Otmuch6w Metamorphic Unit 71, 159 temperature-time diagrams 331 Styrian Basin 251 Teplfi-Barrandian terrane 12, 27, 42, 43-44 Sub-Variscan Molasse Basin 258, 259, 267 basement 109 subducted volume 275 collision 284, 286, 293, 296, 315 subduction dynamic stratigraphy 44 Bohemia 44, 156, 192 eclogites 402 Brunovistulian 106 Prague syncline 63 Cadomian 43 subduction 303 continental 203 subsidence 51 deep 378, 380 tectonic klippen 338 Moldanubian 52 thrust wedges 317 Miinchberg eclogites 373 Variscan overprint 44 Saxo-Thuringian 52, 75, 296 terrane correlation, West Sudetes 75-76, 78 sediments 277 tetrapods, Carboniferous 16 Tornquist 108, 119 Teuschnitz Syncline 284, 286, 287, 288, 290, 293 subduction erosion 41, 42, 50, 319 Th/Ta ratios 163 subduction rollback 360 Thaya Batholith 104, 106, 180 subduction zone melting 391-392 Thaya Dome 104 subduction zones Thaya Terrane 107, 109 Australia 25 thermal anomalies tandem 306 Bohemian Massif 371 subduction-collision model, Bohemian Massif 379 Saxonian Granulite Massif 366 submarine canyon 262, 272 thermal boundary layer, convective removal 393, 396 subsidence thermal conductivity 242 East European Platform 91 thermal evolution Mid German Crystalline High 50 Erzgebirge 324, 330, 332-333 Rheno-Hercynian Turbidite Basin 266 Rhenish Massif 231,250 subsidence history modelling 236 thermal gradient, Saxo-Thuringia 298 subsidence rates 237, 266 thermal history turbidite basins 270 Late Devonian 249 Sudetes metabasites, tholeiitic 166 Rhenish Massif 251,252 Sudetes Mountains 43, 113, 114 thermal maturity 240 Cambro-Ordovician tectonics 192-193 thermal and mechanical properties, Variscan crust crustal blocks 156 157 219 geochemical data 159 thermal rejuvenation, white mica 326 geological map 115 tholeiites 158, 159, 162 plate boundaries 191 thrust sheets tectonic model 193 Erzgebirge 346 Sudetic Marginal Fault 71, 74 Giessen-Werra-Harz nappes 36 Sudetic Ophiolite 68, 69 70, 75 Saxo-Thuringia 338 Sudetic Thrust Stack 75 thrust-belt growth 210, 296, 315 Siidschwarzwfilder Gneiskomplex 48 thrusting 50

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thrusts Undulograptus austrodentus Zone 5 Rhenish Basin 202, 262 unroofing 272, 277 Rudawy-Janowickie 158 uplift Thtiringer Hauptgranit 292, 294, 296 Erzgebirge 329, 332, 334, 346 Thuringian Granite 290 Mid German Crystalline High 273 Ti/Zr ratios 165 Rhenish Massif 275 Tibetan Plateau 387 and sedimentation rate 270 tillite, glaciomarine 134 uplift rates, Mid-German Crystalline Rise 271,276 time scale, Palaeozoic 5-8 Upper Allegheny Formation 17 Timor 199, 203 upper allochthon 348 Tommotian age 5 Upper Moravian Basin 109 tonalites, Variscan 120, 185, 412 upper plate, Saxo-Thuringian 282, 296 Tornquist Ocean 12, 27, 29, 108, 109 Upper Silesian Massif 88, 94 subduction 119 Urals 132 Tornquist suture 11-12 Tornquist-Teisseyre Fault Zone 78 Tourmaline Granite 147 V/TiO 2 ratios 159 trace elements Val Malastone 403 Rastenberg 421 Val Sesia 403 Saxo-Thuringia 146 Val Strona 403 Trans-Amazonian Province 147 ValRe de la Bruche 48, 434 Trans-European Suture Zone 9, 11, 78, 87, 99 Variscan basement blocks 370 transform margin, Saxo-Thuringia 150 Variscan Belt transpression, dextral 50, 52, 65, 271,338 bilateral symmetry 50 transtensional environments 390 geodynamics 29 T~ebi6 Pluton 423, 426 palaeogeographic elements 52 Treh-shales 434 tectono-stratigraphic units 35-61 Tremadoc-Arenig boundary 5 western part 121 trench-forearc sedimentation 260, 276 Variscan crust, thermal and mechanical properties trilobites 219 Alpine terrane 29 Variscan foreland Armorican terrane 28 Poland 99 Baltica 22, 88 stratigraphic columns 89 distribution 13, 14 Variscan Orogen earliest abundant 5 deformation front 243, 249, 259 from Baltica 10 granitoids 388 Triphyllopteris 15 pre-Westphalian 17 trondhjemite 180, 186, 419 sketch map 222 truncation events 273 strain partitioning 222-227 turbidite cycles 267 Variscides turbidite prisms, migration 267 Central European 282 turbidite sedimentology 257, 266 characteristic rocks 372 376 turbidite-molasse transition 267, 270, 274, 276 eastern termination 63-85 turbidites 50 heat sources 387-399 Bardo Basin 70 large-scale structure 378-380, 379 carbonate 265, 277 plate kinematics 47 deposition 269 pressure and temperature conditions 369 386 East European Platform 91 structural subdivision 36 Laurentia 11 tectonic section 50 plant fragments in 265 vegetation, Devonian 14 Rhenish Massif 212 . Velbert Anticline 243 Rheno-Hercynian 201,259 Velk+ Vrbno Unit 114, 179, 185, 189 Saxo-Thuringia 133 velocity-density values 312 thickness 273 Venn-Ebbe Thrust 202, 203, 204, 206 Vosges 4341 435 Vesser Thrust 284, 289, 290, 292, 293, 298 Vesser Unit 283, 284, 287, 288, 289, 295 ultra-high pressure rocks, Moldanubian 390 Vesser Zone 42, 52, 225 ultramafic bodies 319 vice models 220 ultrapotassic rocks 378, 423, 428 VilR 48 underplating 120, 186, 192 viscous flow 360 Bohemian Massif 377 Vis6an age 7 Mid-German Crystalline Rise 277 vitrinite reflectance 37, 235, 237, 240, 241 Rheno-Hercynian crust 41,207, 211,212, 265, 298 Vogtland Synform 338 Saxo-Thuringia 349 volcanic rocks, Kaczawa 157

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volcanism white micas Carboniferous 38 ages 264, 323-336 felsic 37, 43, 49 provenance studies 89, 95-99 intraplate 338 rejuvenation 326, 335 synsedimentary 442 Saxo-Thuringian 293 von Mises strain criterion 225 Wildenfels 42, 338 Vosges 48 49, 389, 391,395 Wildungen Sub-basin 262 bimodal volcanism 434 Winklarn klippe 347 geochemistry 439-442, 440, 441 Wroctaw 72 geological map 434 Wurzelberg 133, 147 petrography 439 Wymyslona 97 QFL plots 439 stratigraphic section 438 xenoliths, in Tertiary basalts 377 volcano-sedimentary sequences 433 444 Y/Nb ratios, see Nb/Y ratios W0dro2e Wielkie 68 Zfim6isko 180 Waldeck Sub-basin 262, 266 Waldviertel 402 Zechstein 237, 246, 249 Wartenstein Gneiss 36 Zelezn6 hory 63 64, 74 Wattenscheid Anticline 243 Zelezn~ Brod Unit 66, 74, 158, 168 wedge evolution 211 Zentralschwarzw/ilder Gneiskomplex 48 Weesenstein Group 133, 135, 140, 145 zircon dating Weinsberg Granite 47, 390 Bohemian Massif 119-120, 121, 128-129 Wenlock, base of 6 methodology 136 Werra Grauwackengebirge 35, 260 Saxo-Thuringia 137-140, 291 West African Craton zircons age 147 detrital 147 and Avalonia 120 inherited cores 180 and Iberia 132 SEM images 144 West Lausitz Fault 73, 78 Znojmo 104 West Sudetes 63, 75, 78, 79 zonal fossils, and dating methods 5 geological events 77 Zone of Erbendor~Vohenstrauss 42, 43, 45, 338, 347 Westlausitz Granodiorite 145 Zr/Nb ratios 167 Westonia bottnica 94 Zr/Y ratios 162 Westphalian, base of 7 Zulovfi pluton 179

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3860213/9781862394278_backmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt

edited by WOLFGANG FRANKE (Universit~t Giessen)

VOLKER HAAK, ONNO ONCKEN (GeoForschungZentrum, Potsdam)

and

DAVID TANNER (Universit~t Freiburg)

Research into the orogenic processes that shaped the continental crust of Europe has a long-standing tradition. Why the need to quantify and model? It is not just satisfactory to identify subduction zones, accretionary prisms, island arcs, extensional collapse and other standard items of the geodynamic menu. Such interpretations need to be quantified: extent and composition of subducted crust, angle and speed of subduction, amount and composition of melts produced, heat sources for metamorphism. All such interpretations have to conform to first principles, and also to stand the test of quantitative balancing - a concept first developed for the conservation of length or volume in tectonic cross sections. Also in other fields, the correlation of causes and effects and the internal consistency of dynamic models requires a numerical approach.

The present volume combines review articles with reports on recent progress in an attempt to address these aims. There is a foldout map of the region, which locates the main areas of outcrop and tectono-stratigraphic units, and a reassesment of the Palaeozoic time scale permits correlation of tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic events with the sedimentary record of the upper crust.

• 456 pages • 26 chapters • 170 Illustrations

Visit our on-line bookshop: http://bookshop.geolsoc.org.u k

Geological Society Internet Site: ISBN !-86239-073-8 www.geolsoc.org.uk

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