U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3425 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (SHEET 1 OF 2) Explanatory pamphlet accompanies map A

Ontario Allegheny Lowlands Plateau province province

SEVERNE WATKINS-BEAVER LODI POINT FIRTREE DAMS ALPINE VAN ETTEN ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE GLENORA SYNCLINE UNNAMED COHOCTON CORBETT POINT ENFIELD CAYUTA SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE Bend in section Bend in section Bend in section New York

W SE Oatka Genesee NW SE Canisteo NW SW Pennsylvania Black Creek River Canaseraga River Tuscarora Creek Creek Creek FEET MILES 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 3,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 William Duchscherer, Jr. E.F. Blair and Associates NYS Natural Gas Company E.F. Blair and Associates Bowdoin Storage Service Inc. NYS Natural Gas Company No. 1 J. Klotzbach No. 1 L. Tyler No. 1 Albert McClurg No. 1 Arthur N. Kennedy No. 1 Hubbard No. 1 Robert Olin API No. 31-037-05117 API No. 31-037-04593 API No. 31-051-04552 API No. 31-051-04630 API No. 31-101-21496 API No. 31-101-03924 Genesee Co., New York Genesee Co., New York Livingston Co., New York Livingston Co., New York Steuben Co., New York Steuben Co., New York Perrysburg Formation Dunkirk Dunkirk Shale Shale 2,000 Member Wiscoy Sandstone Member Java Perrysburg West River Shale, Nunda Wiscoy Sandstone Member Formation Formation Genundewa Sandstone Member unnamed Pipe Creek 0 Pipe Creek shale member Limestone, Penn Member Shale Member Shale Member Perrysburg Yan Shale, and rmation Formation 0 Dun West River Shale, Java Fo kirk S Lodi Limestone hale Members Genundewa Perrysburg Me Cashaqua Sonyea ne Member Dunk Formation mbe (undivided) Limestone, Penn Sandsto irk Shale Member r Shale Member Formation West Hill Member Nunda Wiscoy Onondaga Limestone Geneseo Shale Member Yan Shale and Dunki rk Shal Sandstone and Bois Blanc Cashaqua Lodi Limestone e Memb Akron Akron Tully Limestone Shale Member Members er Member Onondaga Limestone and Formation Middlesex 1,000 Dolomite Dolomite 0 Shale Member (undivided) Gardeau Shale Member Java Formation Bois Blanc Formation Moscow Shale Grimes Siltstone Member Pipe Cre 0 ek Sh Ludlowville Shale Genesee Formation ale Camillus Shale Marcellus Shale 1 Mem 0 Tully Limestone Hatch Shale Member West Falls Formation Nun ber Syracuse Salt Skaneateles Shale 1 da Sand Salina Group 0 Rhinestreet Shale Member ston e Me Vernon Shale Onondaga Limestone Hamilton Group W mbe Cashaqua Shale Member est Hil r West River Shale and Genundewa Limestone Mem l Mem Lockport Group Middlesex Shale Member ber Irondequoit Limestone Penn Yan Shale and Lodi Limestone Members Sonyea middle unnamed shale Clinton Group Rochester Shale Tully Limestone Mean sea level Formation 0 Medina Group 1 Lower to Middle Devonian Wallbridge unconformity bers Genesee (MSL) Reynales Limestone Moscow Shale (und.) 1 lower unnamed shale Ludlowville Shale Geneseo Shale (und.) Formation Cherokee unconformity 2 Gardeau Shale, Grimes 1 Member Skaneateles Shale West Falls Formation 2 Siltstone, and Hatch 1 Cambria Shale and Thorold Sandstone (undivided) Marcellus Shale Hamilton Shale Members Queenston Shale Onondaga Limestone Group (undivided) Akron Dolomite The unconformity between the Genesee Formation Camillus Shale e Oriskany Sandston and the Tully Limestone is not shown to the northwest upper halite of drill hole 5 because the Tully is thinner than the Rhinestr Be ite eet Sh 1,000 Oswego Sandstone 2 rtie Dolom unconformity symbol. ale M Cash em Grimsby Sandstone Salina aqua Sh ber 2 lower halite ale M 3 Sonyea Middle emb 2 middle unnamed shale Syracuse Salt sex Sh er Group Formation 3 ale M Lorraine Shale Reynales Limestone and lower unnamed shale (undivided) 2 undewa Limest emb Irondequoit Ls. Gen one M er Upper De Genesee and and Lodi Limesto emb Middle to voni ale ale Gen ne M ers Vernon Shale an u er Sh Sh eseo S em (u Helderberg Group nconformity Formation est Riv an hal ber nd. W nn Y T e M s (u ) Utica Shale Lockport Group Camillus Shale Pe ully Li em nd. Mo mes ber ) scow tone Clinton Group Lud Sha Syracuse Salt lowvil le 2,000 3 le Sh Trenton Group (und.) Cambria Shale andMedina Thorold Group Sandstone (undivided) (halite and anhydritic ale 3 Rochester Shale Hamilton Skaneat Grimsby Sandstone and Whirlpool Sandstone (undivided) dolomite) eles S Millbrig Bentonite Bed 4 Group Onond hal 3 aga Lim e Deicke Bentonite Bed 4 Marc esto 3 ellus S ne marker x hale Oriskany S marker y andsto Black River Group (und.) Held ne Knox unconformity erber g Gr Queenston Shale BOLIVAR FAULT oup Galway Formation Cherokee unconformity SYSTEM 3,000 sandstone marker bed 4 Syracuse Salt TD 3,950 ft Basal Cambrian unconformity Oswego Sandstone 5 4 R (halite and 5 TD 4,000 ft 4 anhydritic Salina Group dolomite)

Lorraine Shale Grimsby Sandstone

Utica Shale 4,000 5 R 6 CLARENDON-LINDEN FAULT SYSTEM 6 Vernon Shale UNNAMED NORTHWEST TRENDING FAULT 5 Trenton Group (und.) Clinton of Jacobi (2002); may be related to the Georgian (Rickard, 1973; Van Tyne, 1975; Fakundiny and Pomeroy, 2002; and Jacobi, 2002); sense of Group Bay linear zone; negligible vertical displacement Vernon Shale above the Trenton Group; possibly up to 20 feet throw and amount of vertical displacement are TD 5,648 ft Medina GroupR Lockport Group of vertical displacement below the Utica Shale based on Van Tyne’s (1975) cross section C–D Black River 5,000 Group (und.) Millbrig Bentonite Bed (R.D. Jacobi, oral commun., 2016) Deicke Bentonite Bed R Rochester Shale middle unnamed shale LEROY FAULT Little Falls Dolomite unnamed bentonite bed 7 upper sandstone member 7 lower unnamed shale of Jacobi (2002) and Rickard (1973); 6 marker x possibly up to 75 feet of vertical displace- marker y ment down-to-the-southeast below the Metamorphic and igneous basement Galway Grimsby Sandstone Knox unconformity Utica Shale; fracture swarms indicate rocks of the subsurface extension of the Formation RETSOF FAULT TD 6,388 ft that the fault may continue to the surface Grenville province (1,350–950 Ma) 6,000 of Jacobi (2002); possibly up to (R.D. Jacobi, oral commun., 2016) (Rankin and others, 1993) Potsdam Sandstone 40 feet of vertical displacement Queenston Shale down-to-the-northwest below the Utica 8 Shale; fracture swarms indicate that 8 the fault may continue to the surface (R.D. Jacobi, oral commun., 2016)

Oswego Sandstone 7,000

9 9

EXPLANATION Lorraine Shale

8,000 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LITHOLOGIC MODIFIERS OTHER SYMBOLS Utica Shale Dominant Lithology (Used in conjunction with dominant lithology) 10 TD 10,051 ft 10 Red conglomeratic sandstone (litharenite) Sandy Contact—Dashed where inferred; bentonite beds shown in red Trenton Group (und.) Informal marker bed—Dashed where inferred Sandstone Silty Sandstone marker bed Black River 9,000 Group (und.) Siltstone Argillaceous, gray and (or) green Arbitrary lateral boundary of rock-stratigraphic unit UNNAMED FAULTS FEET METERS of Jacobi (2002); may be the western Bellefonte Formation (upper part) extensions of the Glodes Corners Road 11 Red sandstone R Argillaceous, red shale Unconformity 2000 graben faults and Muck Farm graben Knox unconformity Tribes Hill Dolomite Normal fault—Dashed where inferred; arrow shows relative movement faults that are 10 to 20 miles east of Red shale Coal bearing 1750 500 cross section A–A’; vertical displacement Galway Formation Normal fault with later episodes of reverse motion (inversion) and vertical extent are unknown 10,000 1500 Little Falls Dolomite Dark gray to black shale Anhydritic Thrust or bedding plane fault of the Alleghanian orogeny 1250 12 Gray and (or) green shale A sandstone* Cherty Gamma-ray log curve—Units and scales vary; see appendix 2 in explanatory pamphlet 1000 A interbedded ss. and dolo., 250 BOLIVAR FAULT SYSTEM and A dolo. (undivided) Limestone 750 Calcareous Dry well of Jacobi (2002); fault in the Silurian salt 11,000 500 may lie above a deeper fault that affects Gas well B sandstone* Dolomite Dolomitic Precambrian basement (R.D. Jacobi, oral B interbedded ss. and dolo.* 250 commun., 2016); vertical displacement B dolomite* TD Total depth 5 10 MILES and vertical extent are unknown 13 Halite IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS 0 C sandstone* Ls. Limestone 0 5 10 15 KILOMETERS KEUKA LAKE SPLAY FAULT * Bentonite bed Granite and (or) gneiss Potsdam Sandstone ss. Sandstone Vertical exaggeration approximately 16X of Jacobi (2002) (not shown TD 13,508 ft 12,000 above on cross section); may Mbrs. Members affect Precambrian basement; vertical displacement and Fm. Formation vertical extent are unknown und. undivided LAWRENCEVILLE-ATTICA LINEAMENT of Jacobi (2002) (not shown above on *From L.B. Smith (2012) cross section due to the complexity from 13,000 both regional dip and two anticline syncline pairs); southeast extension of the Attica-Lockport and Folsomdale faults; may be a northwest striking monocline and (or) fault; the Onondaga Limestone may have a vertical displacement of at least 150 meters to the southwest; only affects units above the Salina Formation ROME TROUGH NORTHWEST-BOUNDARY 14,000 (R.D. Jacobi, oral commun., 2016) NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT of Beardsley and Cable (1983), Harper (1989), and Jacobi (2002); southeast side downthrown (M.S. Valley and Ridge province Cable, written commun., 1990); amount of Ontario Lowlands province Allegheny Plateau province (southeast of Jersey Shore fault) vertical displacement is unknown. The Kane Arch (named by Ryder, 1992) is to the northwest and Tioga, Potter, and Clinton Clinton and Lycoming follows the Kane gravity high of 15,000 Age North North North American Genesee County, New York Livingston County, New York Steuben County, New York Diment and others (1980) Eon Era System International European International American sequences modified Counties, Pennsylvania Counties, Pennsylvania Series Series American (including drill holes 1–2) (including drill holes 3–4) (including drill holes 5–6) (Ma) Series Stage Stage from Sloss (1988) (including drill holes 7–9) (including drill hole 10)

299.0 Bursumian Autunian Virgilian Gzhelian

Upper ? ? U Stephanian Missourian Kasimovian 306.5 Desmoinesian Absaroka Allegheny Formation

Middle Moscovian M 16,000 Westphalian Atokan 311.7 1 Pottsville vanian Formation vanian Pennsyl- Pennsyl- Lower Morrowan Bashkirian L 318.1 Namurian Lower Pennsylvanian unconformity Upper U Chesterian Serpukhovian 326.4

17,000 Mauch Chunk Middle Meramecian Visean Kaskaskia Formation II Middle Carboniferous Carboniferous 345.3 Osagean Burgoon Sandstone Mississippian Mississippian Lower Tournaisian

18,000 Kinderhookian Huntley Mountain Formation Lower 359.2

Catskill Formation Chautauquan Famennian

unnamed shale members Perrysburg Formation Dunkirk Shale Member Wiscoy Sandstone Member Lock Haven Formation Upper Java Formation Pipe Creek Shale Member 19,000 West Falls Nunda Sandstone, West Hill, Gardeau Shale,

Grimes Siltstone, and Hatch Shale Members (undivided) Upper Kaskaskia Formation Rhinestreet Shale Member Brallier Formation Senecan Frasnian Sonyea Cashaqua Shale Member Sonyea Cashaqua Shale Member I Formation Middlesex Shale Member Formation Middlesex Shale Member Sonyea Fm. Middlesex Shale Member Genesee West River Sh., Genundewa Ls., Lodi Ls., and Penn Yan Sh. Mbrs. (und.) Genesee West River Sh., Genundewa Ls., Penn Yan Sh., and Lodi Ls. Mbrs. (und.) Genesee West River Sh., Genundewa Ls., Penn Yan Sh., and Lodi Ls. Mbrs. (und.) Formation Geneseo Shale Member Formation Geneseo Shale Member Formation Geneseo Shale Member Upper Devonian unconformity Upper Devonian unconformity Upper Devonian unconformity 385.3 Taghanic2 Tully Limestone Tully Limestone Tully Limestone 2 Givetian Moscow Shale, Ludlowville Shale, and Skaneateles Shale (und.) 2 Tioghniogian Hamilton Moscow Shale, Ludlowville Shale, and Skaneateles Shale (und.) Hamilton Hamilton Moscow Shale, Ludlowville Shale, and Skaneateles Shale (und.) Mahantango Formation Devonian Devonian Erian Cazenovian2 Group Marcellus Shale Group Marcellus Shale Group Marcellus Formation Marcellus Formation Middle 3 Eifelian Onondaga Limestone Southwood Onondaga Limestone Onondaga Limestone Tioga Bentonite bed Onondaga Limestone Onondaga Limestone Tioga Bentonite bed

20,000 Sawkill3 Emsian Middle 397.5 2 Deer Park3 Pragian Bois Blanc Formation Oriskany Sandstone Oriskany Sandstone Oriskany Sandstone Ridgely Member Lower to Middle Devonian Lower to Middle Devonian Lower Old Port Helderberg Lochkovian Wallbridge unconformity Wallbridge unconformity Shriver Chert Formation Shriver Member Lower

Ulsterian Helderberg Helderberg Group Akron Group Mandata Shale Mandata Shale 416.0 Camillus Shale and Dolomite Camillus Shale Akron Dolomite Syracuse Salt Bertie Dolomite Syracuse Salt Camillus Shale and Camillus Shale and Corriganville Ls. and New Creek Ls. (undivided) Corriganville Ls. and New Creek Ls. (undivided) 4 unnamed Bertie Dolomite Bertie Dolomite Pridoli Cayugan4 Syracuse Salt Keyser Formation Syracuse Salt Keyser Formation 21,000 Ludfordian Salina Group Tonoloway Limestone

418.7 Paleozoic Tippecanoe Vernon Shale Salina Group Vernon Shale Salina Group Vernon Shale Salina Group Vernon Shale Bloomsburg Formation Wills Creek Formation Bloomsburg Formation Wills Creek Formation upper Phanerozoic Ludlow Upper Gorstian II Lockport 422.9 Lockport Group Lockport Group Lockport Group Mifflintown McKenzie Member Mifflintown McKenzie Member Wenlock Homerian Dolomite Formation Formation Sheinwoodian Rochester Shale Rochester Shale Rochester Shale Rochester Member Rochester Member 428.2 4 Niagaran4 Clinton Irondequoit Limestone Clinton Irondequoit Limestone Clinton Irondequoit Limestone Keefer Formation Keefer Formation middle unnamed shale middle unnamed shale middle unnamed shale upper unnamed shale member Silurian Silurian Telychian Group Reynales Limestone Group Reynales Limestone Group Reynales Limestone Rose Hill upper unnamed limestone member lower unnamed shale member Rose Hill Formation Llandovery lower unnamed shale lower unnamed shale lower unnamed shale Formation lower unnamed limestone member lower

Lower Medina Cambria Shale and Thorold Sandstone (undivided) Medina Cambria Shale and Thorold Sandstone (undivided) Aeronian/Rhuddanian Medina Group Tuscarora Formation Castanea Member Tuscarora Formation 443.7 Group Grimsby Sandstone and Whirlpool Sandstone (undivided) Group Grimsby Sandstone 22,000 Hirnantian Gamachian Cherokee unconformity Cherokee unconformity Cherokee unconformity Cherokee unconformity Cherokee unconformity Ashgillian Richmondian Queenston Shale Queenston Shale Cincinnatian Maysvillian Queenston Shale Juniata Formation Juniata Formation Oswego Sandstone Oswego Sandstone Oswego Sandstone Bald Eagle Formation Bald Eagle Formation Katian6 Edenian Lorraine Shale Lorraine Shale Lorraine Shale Reedsville Shale Reedsville Shale Chat- Shermanian5 Utica Shale Utica Shale Utica Shale Utica (Antes) Shale Utica (Antes) Shale Upper field- Kirkfieldian5 5 Trenton Group (und.) Caradocian Mohawkian ian Rocklandian Tippecanoe Millbrig Bentonite Bed Trenton Group (und.) Millbrig Bentonite Bed Trenton Group (und.) Millbrig Bentonite Bed Trenton Group (und.) Millbrig Bentonite Bed Trenton Group (und.) Millbrig Bentonite Bed Turin- Upper Sandbian6 Blackriveran5 I Deicke Bentonite Bed Deicke Bentonite Bed unnamed bentonite bed Deicke Bentonite Bed unnamed bentonite bed Deicke Bentonite Bed unnamed bentonite bed Deicke Bentonite Bed unnamed bentonite bed ian Black River Group (und.) Black River Group (und.) Black River Group (und.) Black River Group (und.) Black River Group (und.) 460.9 (and Clover Member of the Loysburg Fm.) (and Clover Member of the Loysburg Fm.) Loysburg Formation (Milroy Member) Loysburg Formation (Milroy Member) Llanvirnian Whiterockian Darriwilian 23,000 Middle Bellefonte Formation (upper part) 6 Bellefonte Formation Bellefonte Formation (upper part)

Dapingian Middle 471.8 Arenigian (upper part) Bellefonte Formation (lower part)

6 Ordovician Ordovician Floian Bellefonte Formation (lower part) Beekmantown Beekmantown Knox unconformity Knox unconformity Knox unconformity Lower Group Axemann Formation Group Ibexian Nittany Formation A interbedded ss. and Tremadocian Tremadocian Stonehenge Formation Lower Little Falls dolo., and A dolo. (und.) Larke Formation Larke Formation Dolomite Tribes Hill Dolomite Mines Dolomite Member Mines Dolomite Member 24,000 488.3 Little Falls Dolomite 2 upper sandstone member 5 Trempealeauan upper sandstone member A sandstone upper sandy member upper sandy member unnamed Ore Hill Member Gatesburg Ore Hill Member Gatesburg Furongian Franconian2 Formation Croixian2 Galway Formation Galway Formation Galway Formation B sandstone lower sandy member Formation lower sandy member ? ? 2 B dolomite Upper Paibian Dresbachian Upper 501.0 C sandstone Potsdam Sandstone Potsdam Sauk Sandstone Warrior Warrior Formation Formation Middle Albertan2 unnamed B interbedded 513.0 ss. and dolo. Pleasant Hill Formation Middle 25,000 Potsdam Sandstone Waynesboro Formation Tomstown Formation Antietam Formation Basal Cambrian unconformity Basal Cambrian unconformity Basal Cambrian unconformity Cambrian Cambrian Lower Waucoban2

Basal Cambrian unconformity Basal Cambrian unconformity Lower

26,000 542.0 Neoproterozoic Neoproterozoic

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1,000

Metamorphic and igneous Proterozoic basement rocks of the subsurface Proterozoic extension of the Grenville province (1,350–950 Ma) (Rankin and others, 1993)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ¹Heckel and Clayton (2006). 4Brett and others (1995). Mesoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic ²Harland and others (1990). 5Webby (1995). ³Ver Straeten and Brett (2006). 6International Commission on Stratigraphy (2014). 1,600 Ages are for boundaries only. There is no uniform scale for this chart.

Figure 3.—Correlation chart of Proterozoic and Paleozoic rocks along cross section A–A' in New York and Pennsylvania. Geologic time scale ages are from Gradstein and others (2004) except as noted. Abbreviations are as follows: Fm., Formation; L, Lower; Ls., Limestone; M, Middle; Ma, mega-annum (million years before present); Mbrs., Members; Sh., Shale; U, Upper; und., undivided; ?, unknown or questionable.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A–A' THROUGH THE APPALACHIAN BASIN FROM THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE ONTARIO LOWLANDS PROVINCE, For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225; http://store.usgs.gov; 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747) GENESEE COUNTY, WESTERN NEW YORK, TO THE VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE, LYCOMING COUNTY, NORTH-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA Suggested citation: Trippi, M.H., Ryder, R.T., and Enomoto, C.B., 2019, Geologic cross section A–A' through the Appalachian basin from the southern margin of the Ontario Lowlands province, Genesee County, western New York, to the Valley and Ridge province, Lycoming County, north-central By Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3425, 2 sheets, 74-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3425. Michael H. Trippi, Robert T. Ryder, and Catherine B. Enomoto

ISSN 2329-1311 (print) 2019 Printed on recycled paper ISSN 2329-132X (online)