U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3425 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (SHEET 2 OF 2) Explanatory pamphlet accompanies map A' Allegheny structural front Valley Allegheny and Plateau Ridge province province LAUREL FERNEY- SECOND- SABINSVILLE MARSHLANDS WELLSBORO SLATE RUN HILL-HYNER WATERVILLE TOMBS RUN TORBERT NIPPENOSE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE ANTICLINE (NITTANY ANTICLINORIUM)

CLEARFIELD-ENGLISH SHORT COWANESQUE PINE CREEK KETTLE CREEK BLOSSBURG CENTER-MCINTYRE-BARCLAY JERSEY MILLS SNOW SHOE MOUNTAIN WHITE DEER SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE Bend in section Bend in section

West Branch of New York Susquehanna Pennsylvania Cowanesque NE SW Kettle NE SE Pine River Creek Creek River

FEET 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 3,000 80° 79° 78° 77° 7 8 9 10 Amoco Production Company Consolidated Gas Supply Corporation Texaco-Marathon, Inc. California Company Huntley OSWEGO Allegheny No. 1 Harry P. Dewey Mountain No. 1 Pa. Dept. of Forest and Water Tract 129 No. 1 Pa. State Forest Tract 285-1 No. 1 W.E. Snyder NEW YORK COUNTY Huntley Formation Huntley API No. 37-117-20057 Formation API No. 37-105-20182 API No. 37-035-20276 API No. 37-081-90002 ONTARIO LAKE ONTARIO Mountain Pottsville Mountain Huntley EXPLANATION Huntley Formation Formation Formation Tioga Co., Pennsylvania Potter Co., Pennsylvania Clinton Co., Pennsylvania Lycoming Co., Pennsylvania Mountain Huntley Mauch Burgoon Mountain Formation Huntley Burgoon Mauch A–A’ line of cross section Huntley Mountain Chunk Mauch Chunk Sandstone Catskill Formation Mountain Sandstone Formation Mauch Chunk Physiographic province boundary Formation Mountain Formation Formation Pottsville Formation Hilton Huntley Formation 0 Chunk Formation Burgoon Sandstone ORLEANS COUNTY Formation Burgoon Formation 2,000 River or stream Pine Mountain Sandstone Brockport Webster Cross Formation 0 m. Tuscarora Juniata Drill hole/well along A–A’ line of Albion Creek F Huntley Rose Hill cross section Erie CanalMedina Erie Canal Lake Catskill Formation nk Onondaga Formation Formation u Formation River Catskill Formation Mauch Ch Mountain Limestone NIAGARA COUNTY ndstone Formation City or town with population >5,000 Rochester WAYNE COUNTY 0 (red sandstone, n Sa and Old Port Lockport Huntley Mountain goo Formation Bald Eagle City or town with population <5,000 O N T A R I O L O W L A N D S East Rochester PROVINCE siltstone, and shale) Bur Formation Canal Formation (undivided) Black Fairport Erie ntain For ion T Creek Canal Erie ou mat u n Catskill Formation M Rose Hill s o Tonawanda Creek MONROE ey i Niagara Falls Huntl c t 0 15 30 MILES Formation a a 2 COUNTY (red sandstone, r A1 Newark Lock Haven Formation 1 o m (Mahantango and r r Genesee o 1,000 siltstone, and shale) e a Tonawanda (sandstone) Marcellus l F 0 15 30 45 KILOMETERS 1 a Batavia Seneca Lock Haven Formation Formations, h e Auburn l Catskill Formation S ) n Falls undivided) a . ) 0 o 43° Kenmore Lock Haven Formation e d d i l h t Williamsville GENESEE COUNTY (red sandstone, l n e J i S a u d u 1 v ( i (shale and siltstone) s n m s v Waterloo siltstone, and shale) e p i i r Geneva d t d a o Depew Canandaigua u d e n n t F Lancaster CAYUGA o n a Creek LIVINGSTON e A a Buffalo Creek r u Buffalo R ( Canandaigua COUNTY a G p COUNTY 3 c u n Retsof i n ONTARIO COUNTY t o o Conesus Lake SENECA Owasco o r i U t t Griegsville Lock Haven Formation Mean sea level Oatka G a 2 n Lake COUNTY Lake e r ) 0 m t Lackawanna r e Cayuga (sandstone, siltstone, and shale) r r (MSL) T Geneseo v a ) 2 i o t , p Lake R F r Honeoye East r a Lock Haven Formation Tonoloway Limestone, k g e p 1 Aurora c r Bald Eagle ERIE COUNTY Lake p r , a u l p e CANADA Hemlock 2 (sandstone, siltstone, and shale) b Formation Hamburg WYOMING COUNTY Canaseraga Penn Yan , B s u w ( Beekmantown y o Lake YATES Mifflintown Formation, l 4 o n ( E Seneca Lock Haven Formation Group L o and i n UNITED STATES COUNTY t o C Lake a i (sandstone, siltstone, and shale) (undivided) t a m N r m o r I Genesee River Creek 3 F o 1,000 F Axemann e V t e 3 n t Formation Keuka Lake o n O Cattaraugus f o e f 2 l Cohocton River l e R Brallier Formation l e l Ithaca e LAKE ERIE P 3 Lock Haven Formation B Reedsville Dunkirk (shale and siltstone) B Shale TOMPKINS M ation (siltstone) Creek id Form Genesee River 5 COUNTY dl a e Nittany Fredonia e e Tuscarora Formation l SCHUYLER COUNTY Wes sex S e Sony divided) S h n a t Ri ale Member of th bers (u Formation v m h Pen er Sh ne Me Lock Haven Formation D n ale esto d) S ) Ya and Lim ivide Bath n Gen ewa d d N S und n 4 e e h (u ANTES FAULT n a ers (siltstone) l l e Hornell le a b l o 2,000 nd em i a i Utica Lo one M Larke d A di Limest t i G v h a ene ber 4 s (Antes) v STEUBEN COUNTY seo Shale Mem S Formation i L m d ) ) r Shale d . e s o 3 B n T e d W ully Limestone e F l u Canisteo River R t n a ( Moscow Shale n e Cassadaga Creek u c O 4 ( g k n Lu e A CATTARAUGUS COUNTY ALLEGANY COUNTY dlowville Shal ( n Trenton o L p e R e it M i Horseheads Brallier Formation Bald Eagle Formation t JERSEY SHORE FAULT a u i ) h e m v a c . Group i o e o m CHEMUNG S t r l e Corning kaneateles Shale d Genesee (shale and siltstone) d n o m b r r U G n o E COUNTY n e t D G CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY u o Salamanca O e a r B non ton Formation n ( I dag es S F a Lim Gatesburg r e o o Elmira p Tuscarora Chemung n Marcellus Shale t s l u g R u Formation l r Wellsville 5 n o e e Chautauqua i Knox unconformity p o u 3,000 Creek e t n f E ) B r r i o a a b Erie e s r O e T n s Lake tie riskany Sandston 5 G t M n n D o r y River o le m i t Olean 6 a r r d lo h r e e m s S t a o ) Allegheny ite millu e b Ca o a p L t Jamestown v 4 u F r Conewango i F m r p o a Reservoir m e Brallier Formation R r e p r g p M m 5 r o e k w l r NEW YORK c u F l r (shale and siltstone) o i a e a b l e s Hamilton e t p l H s t n a i d PENNSYLVANIA r B l o p e Tioga Bentonite Bed y n o e o n Cowan v Group n t r n u 42° e i o o w d ( s R a s n q e f O u L o e y Bradford

r e Creek S e i l t r h l e m Tioga River m a s r e p i ERIE COUNTY Allegheny River N iv a e Corry B p L n e e iganville Limes 6 m n m w r orr tone, u r o C , C ( n i d 4,000 h le mation ( o t b Bellefonte C ha For undiv n y e S er ided F BRADFORD COUNTY r r a ys ) a e e t, at Ke 6 a e Mand m r Formation d ember y WARREN COUNTY k an Shale M m Edinboro Li e, ex m r meston On ddles n e o Mi rmation e (lower part) nd yea Fo a o 5 m Warren a Son x t F g the t a of i b Li A e m e MCKEAN COUNTY TIOGA COUNTY 6 e N k st r one le and Gen r POTTER COUNTY Sh Oris River Sha undew a riv kany Sandstone West a L er tone Members (undivide Che (und.) Limes d) Warrior rt, M Limestone and ew Creek Shale and Lod Formation ata S estone, and N enn Yan i 7 hale, Corriganville Lim P e Members (undivid A L L E G H E N Y P L A T E A U PROVINCE eston e Genesee Allegheny River Keyser Formation 7 Lim Shale Member d) CRAWFORD COUNTY Salina Group Geneseo Formation Axemann 5,000 mestone 7 Tully Li TD 5,808 ft Formation Gatesburg Meadville Titusville Syracuse Salt Moscow Shale Formation SULLIVAN 7 (halite and anhydritic dolomite) Rose Hill Formation Ludlowville Shale COUNTY n Irondequoit Limestone o Creek N i FOREST Vernon Shale t 8 i Kettle Creek Skaneateles Shale t a Tionesta Creek Reynales Limestone Hamilton t COUNTY Tuscarora Formation a m Pine Tioga Bentonite Bed n r CAMERON s Shale Group y o Stonehenge R Bloomsburg Formation 8 Marcellu Onond Warrior F R a 6,000 COUNTY g s Fo Saint Marys upper shale member a ) lu r n Formation Oil City Li Oriskany Sandstone ided el mation U Formation 8 m div c N o 9 lower shale member e (un r N i MERCER McKenzie Member Shriver Chert, sto one a A L t upper limestone member (equivalent to Reynales Limestone) Ma n ne, and st M M a a Mines Sugarcreek Clarion ELKRiver COUNTY nd e to ime E r COUNTY Castanea Member ation a es Ne reek L W D k m Franklin West Rochester Member r Form ta w C il e r Dolomite LYCOMING COUNTY Keyse S im ls T o 8 Mifflintown ite h L Cr H F VENANGO COUNTY Juniata Formation Dolom al le ee Branch Cherokee unconformity Wills Creek Formation Bertie e, C vil k R Member Formation lus Shale orrigan Fo U amil r S upper sandy lower limestone member C m Bennett Branch Keefer Formation (Irondequoit Limestone equivalent) at T Williamsport i member R o F n of Blo A CLINTON COUNTY o U G g R m at ur River sb L esb S 9 u T Fo on u River rg rm ati Ore Hill 7,000 squeh a F a n n R 9 Syracuse Salt o JEFFERSON rm Member Lock Haven R Salina Group a Bald Eagle Formation M t COUNTY 10 i io lower sandy Susquehanna ffli n CLARION A' 9 Fo n member rm to COUNTY DuBois CLEARFIELD COUNTY a w nt MONTOUR R t n o UNION COUNTY Milton Ke io fr COUNTY R Vernon Shale efe n l u r F a pp o R M Clearfield r er rm o u r R sh c t ve o a at c of c Lewisburg i se le io h K u R R 10 u H m n e e r a pp il e s n t n Reedsville Shale Wills Creek Formation e l m t 8,000 s n r F e z 41° VALLEY AND RIDGE a lim o b i y eh l r e r e Branch u 10 o es m r n q R w t M e s NORTHUMBERLAND er o a M l s n h Bellefonte u ow h e t e g PROVINCE a i e Punxsutawny S er le m o m BUTLER COUNTY e li m ll Utica (Antes) Shale m m e n West Sunbury e e m b A R R Bloomsburg Formation s m b CENTRE COUNTY 10 T to b e u n b e e COUNTY s e e r ca r r r ro m ARMSTRONG Selinsgrove ra e McKenzie Member F m o b COUNTY r e INDIANA m r State College R Rochester Member a t COUNTY io SNYDER COUNTY 11 Keefer Formation n Millbrig Bentonite Bed upper shale member Mifflintown 9,000 11 R Rose Hill Formation Formation Warrior (und.) Formation Figure 1.—Map showing the location of cross section A–A' with political and geographic features of New York and Pennsylvania. Physiographic province boundaries in New York are from Isachsen and (and Clover Member lower shale member unnamed bentoniteDeicke Bentonite bed Bed R of Loysburg Formation) 11 Castanea Member upper limestone member others (1991). The location of the Allegheny structural front is based on Faill and Nickelsen (1999). All other geographic and political features are from the U.S. Geological Survey's “The National Map” Tuscarora Formation lower limestone member web page at http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/launch/. marker x R Loysburg Formationmarker y (Milroy Member) Cherokee unconformity 12 R 10,000 Beekmantown Bellefonte Formation (upper part) Group 12 Bellefonte Formation (lower part) Juniata Formation 12 Larke Formation

P le ill Mines Dolomite Member a H F sa nt Gatesburg 13 or ion Formation m at 11,000 13 upper sandy member Bald Eagle Formation 13 80° 79° 78° 77°

Ore Hill Member JERSEY SHORE FAULT Waynesboro CLARENDON-LINDEN OSWEGO Warrior Formation NEW YORK FAULT SYSTEM COUNTY lower sandy member ONTARIO Formation 14 12,000 LAKE ONTARIO UNNAMED THRUST FAULT EXPLANATION 14 GEORGIAN BAY Loysburg Formation (Milroy Member) Reedsville Shale A–A’ line of cross section LINEAR ZONE B J

a u l n ORLEANS COUNTY 14 d Faults and lineaments i R U E a T t e a B r t a Fault e i e g l c FAULT Knox unconformity a d F n a l c e t s o k o Lineament Utica (Antes) Shale ( v R A F r NIAGARA COUNTY n i m FAULT i l o WAYNE COUNTY v n l G e r e t a Lineament bundle from Jacobi (2002) e m FAULT 15 r r t U S o s i N G o 13,000 Trenton Group (und.) a u ) h N r t n Lineament bundle from R.D. Jacobi o p S a i A CENTRAL o 15 u l M h e ( n p u a (written commun., 2016) E D FAULT MONROE n l CLFS WEST FAULT ( e N u d W CLFS EAST RETSOF n 1 CLFS COUNTY . 2 Millbrig Bentonite Bed ) Folds 15 Black River Group d S . T ) R (and Clover Member unnamed bentonite bed A IK ( Anticline I LEROY TD 15,082 ft a N of Loysburg Formation) Deicke Bentonite Bed n G (und.) ATTICA-LOCKPORT F d Syncline A marker x 43° U C LT l GENESEE Gatesburg Formation marker y o 16 v Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate COUNTY e 14,000 FOLSOMDALE r CAYUGA 16 Loysburg Formation (Milroy Member) M Rome trough area LIVINGSTON e COUNTY COUNTY m 3 Bellefonte Formation (upper part) b Oil and (or) gas field ONTARIO COUNTY SENECA e r COUNTY

o Drill hole/well along A–A’ line of f FAULT FAULT

L cross section o Beekmantown Group y ERIE COUNTY s b u 0 15 30 MILES CANADA WYOMING COUNTY r 17 g YATES 15,000 FAULT F 4 17 o UNITED STATES COUNTY Bellefonte Formation (lower part) r 0 15 30 45 KILOMETERS m e di anticli upper oolitic dolomite lin Lo ne a nc t y i s o n ed ) m GLODES CORNERS na Warrior Formation un ROAD FIELD MUCK FARM FIELD Axemann Formation LAKE ERIE ncline 18 sy e 16,000 lin TOMPKINS tic 5 18 n an COUNTY to t SCHUYLER COUNTY oc oin h P SPLAY Larke Formation Co ne r e e ve lin in Mines Dolomite Member e c cl S yn STEUBEN COUNTY n e ALLEGANY COUNTY s e sy lin a in ic Gatesburg or cl LAWRENCEVILLE ield nt FAULT en ti Enf a l n e 19 Formation CATTARAUGUS COUNTY G e a SYSTEMlin e e ROME TROUGH 17,000 re nc lin in TD 18,834 ft upper sandy member irt y ic Alp e UNNAMED REACTIVATED BASEMENT FAULT; Nittany Formation F s t nclin NORTHWEST-BOUNDARY FAULT nt an sy e CHEMUNG Stonehenge Formation M i ayuta lin NORMAL BASEMENT syndepositional normal fault movement during extension from CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY o s C n antic COUNTY Beekmantown i P te l m LAKE t Potsdam Sandstone lb tt a nE the to Late resulted in thickening of D r e D a TD 19,365 ft e i b r V i g r ve units below the Reedsville Shale on the southeast side of the Group c o a Ore Hill Member k Be BOLIVAR C e u e n -B – fault; little to no movement occurred from the Late Ordovician n B to s 6 . n e nit in n a nt e Bed tk y to late as evidenced by the uniform thickness of units B m on a s e ite B W s Elmira ant. lower sandy member l e ed d l d ea from the Reedsville Shale up through the Bloomsburg Forma- e b KEUKA seh ATTICA LINEAMENT Warrior f e NEW YORK or o nto H tion on opposite sides of the fault; reactivation and reverse fault n nit 18,000 Formation te e bed e PENNSYLVANIA e 42° n FAULT e n movement during Alleghanian Orogeny compression resulted F li lin li B o c c c BRADFORD COUNTY e rm Loysburg n i in uplift of units above the on the southeast side of l n e y t l a y s e t ERIE COUNTY s in e e n f io Formation y l in NORTHWEST- u a the fault (J.S. Hnat, Shell Oil, oral commun., 2015) o n b ic cl q ine n (u (Milroy s t n s icl FAULT o t p m n y e nt REACTIVATED r e pe r a s n a o F r p Member) O t o a e b o art) r y TROUGH w ill s Basal unconformity r o a e v l ROME TROUGH m hp w n E NORMAL BASEMENTo s el t s li M Y C in W SOUTHEAST- a e c O R b ti m -O ti R A a UNNAMEDBASEMENT BOUNDARY o MCKEAN COUNTY S t n D S NORMAL n WARREN COUNTY n a N FAULT Warrior Formation (l o n U POTTER COUNTY TIOGA COUNTY ow 19,000 rm ro O BASEMENT e b e B e FAULT r le e in e in pa C H cl n l A rt) ic yn li e t x s ic n 7 n e rt nt li SOUTHEAST- m o n a c BASEMENT a sp iso n ne a CRAWFORD COUNTY r rr y cli a n e Ha s n d Metamorphic and igneous basement n d k sy n F u e e g TROUGH a o o re lin r ow rocks of the subsurface extension of the Potsdam Sandstone r C C ic bu NORMAL UNNAMED T NORMAL m e t s BASEMENT FAULT N a n n os ROME Grenville province (1,350–950 Ma) i ti i a l G t o P s B ta n d SULLIVAN (Rankin and others, 1993) a n n t y la e h BOUNDARY COUNTY s F 20,000 rs ncline b o a sy e u r clin L m FOREST M nti t. r a a n g a 8 a r t se ey ne k io COUNTY u ll li F e n Kettle Creek syncline o Va c o H yn Warrior Formation F KANE ARCH CAMERON Slate Runy anticline an se s r M o cla og o rs m r ar C R ou i m COUNTY -B rb a n re Ba t e a y i s t Stonehenge t LYCOMING COUNTY o io MERCER ELK COUNTY In n D n c 9 o Formation -M ne lo COUNTY r li ne Short Mtn. syncline m VENANGO COUNTY ne te nc cli u i cli n e y t. ti Second-Torbert anticline p te ti e in s an n p M an C l s n a unnamed syncline e em ro tic ill lle u r ber 21,000 bo sh n vi R s lls li a M ter bs an e g er ey a m First anticline d W n n rs W o O y E y e y- e T l r m - H J e in T o e ember d ll- rn l UL w H l i e nc FA e ill fie H F y RE r M r l s HO sa ember a e hoe S enose anticl n le r S Y Nipp ine LOCATION OF UNNAMED NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT dy C au Snow E m L RS ember E of Shumaker and Wilson (1996) (not shown above on cross JEFFERSON CLINTON COUNTY J 10 section and not recognized in this report); southeast side Pleasant Hill Formation CLARION COUNTY A' COUNTY downthrown; amount of vertical displacement is unknown 22,000 nt MONTOUR Potsdam Sandstone ro l f COUNTY ra tu uc UNION COUNTY tr 41° CLEARFIELD COUNTY s ny e NORTHUMBERLAND Warrior gh BUTLER COUNTY lle Formation A CENTRE COUNTY COUNTY Tomstown Formation 23,000 ARMSTRONG COUNTY INDIANA COUNTY SNYDER COUNTY

Antietam Formation P le a s a Figure 2.—Map showing the location of cross section A–A' with surface and subsurface structural features of New York and Pennsylvania. Anticlines and synclines in New York are from Wedel n t ROME TROUGH SOUTHEAST- H (1932). Anticlines and synclines in Pennsylvania are from Cathcart (1932), Faill and others (1977), and Harper (1990). Faults and lineament bundles are from Jacobi (2002) except for the following: BOUNDARY NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT il 24,000 l F (1) Rome trough northwest-boundary and southeast-boundary normal basement faults that are northeast of the Lawrenceville-Attica lineament are from Harper (1989) and Jacobi (2002); (2) Rome (Henderson and Timm, 1985; Laughrey and or ma Harper, 1996; and Shumaker and Wilson, 1996); tion trough northwest-boundary normal basement fault (southwest of the Lawrenceville-Attica lineament) is from Beardsley and Cable (1983), Harper (1989), and Jacobi (2002); (3) unnamed reactivated normal fault from the Bald Eagle Formation basement fault is from J.S. Hnat (Shell Oil, oral commun., 2015); (4) Rome trough southeast-boundary normal basement fault is from Henderson and Timm (1985), Laughrey and Harper (1996), and down into basement with Shumaker and Wilson (1996); (5) unnamed normal basement fault is from Shumaker and Wilson (1996); and (6) lineament bundle (pink shaded area) is from R.D. Jacobi (written commun., 2016). thickening of units on the northwest side; Location of White Deer syncline not shown. Abbreviations are as follows: ant., anticline; CLFS, Clarendon-Linden fault system; Mtn., Mountain; NW, northwest; syn., syncline. amount of vertical displacement is unknown UNNAMED NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT 25,000 of Shumaker and Wilson (1996); southeast side downthrown; amount of vertical displacement is unknown LOCATION OF ROME TROUGH EASTERN- INDEX MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS MARGIN NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT OF CROSS SECTIONS A–A', of Shumaker and Wilson (1996) (not shown above on cross C–C' (Ryder and others, 2012), D–D' (Ryder and others, 2009), section and not recognized in this report); northwest side E–E' (Ryder and others, 2008), AND I–I' (Ryder and others, 2015) downthrown; amount of vertical displacement is unknown 86° 84° 82° 80° 78° 26,000 Rome trough 43° LOCATION OF UNNAMED NORMAL BASEMENT FAULT of Shumaker and Wilson (1996) (not shown above on cross section and not recognized in this report); southeast side downthrown; amount of vertical displacement is unknown

41° The interpretation of structural geometry mainly follows Faill and others (1977); thickness of strata and fault C' geometries are schematic in places due to structural complexity and vertical exaggeration. Because the cross section cuts diagonally across strike, the apparent dip 39° may be less than the actual dip

37°

0 50 100 MILES

0 50 100 KILOMETERS

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A–A' THROUGH THE APPALACHIAN BASIN FROM THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE ONTARIO LOWLANDS PROVINCE, For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225; http://store.usgs.gov; 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747) GENESEE COUNTY, WESTERN NEW YORK, TO THE VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE, LYCOMING COUNTY, NORTH-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA Suggested citation: Trippi, M.H., Ryder, R.T., and Enomoto, C.B., 2019, Geologic cross section A–A' through the Appalachian basin from the southern margin of the Ontario Lowlands province, Genesee County, western New York, to the Valley and Ridge province, Lycoming County, north-central By Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3425, 2 sheets, 74-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3425. Michael H. Trippi, Robert T. Ryder, and Catherine B. Enomoto

ISSN 2329-1311 (print) 2019 Printed on recycled paper ISSN 2329-132X (online)