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Friendship Hill National Historic Site Geologic Resource Evaluation Report

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Friendship Hill National Historic Site Geologic Resource Evaluation Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Friendship Hill National Historic Site Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/022 THIS PAGE: Waterfall on Ice Pond Run, Friendship Hill NHP. ON THE COVER: Gallatin House, Friendship Hill NHP NPS Photos Friendship Hill National Historic Site Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/022 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 February 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters. Views and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available from the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/inventory/ gre_publications) on the internet, or by sending a request to the address on the back cover. Please cite this publication as: Thornberry- Ehrlich, Trista. 2008. Friendship Hill National Historic Site Geologic Resource Evaluation Report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2008/022. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado. NPS D- 46, February 2008 Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program ............................................................................................2 Geologic Setting .........................................................................................................................................................2 Geologic Issues............................................................................................................. 9 Coal Mining and Abandoned Mine Drainage ..............................................................................................................9 Mine Shaft Subsidence and Associated Hazards.....................................................................................................10 Geologic Hazards .....................................................................................................................................................11 Water Issues.............................................................................................................................................................11 Paleontology Issues .................................................................................................................................................12 Geologic Features and Processes............................................................................. 13 Geology and History Connections ............................................................................................................................13 Geology and Biology Connections............................................................................................................................14 Wetlands ..................................................................................................................................................................14 Monongahela River ..................................................................................................................................................14 Ancient Lake Monongahela and Paleodrainage .......................................................................................................15 Map Unit Properties .................................................................................................... 18 Map Unit Properties Table........................................................................................................................................19 Geologic History.......................................................................................................... 21 Taconic Orogeny ......................................................................................................................................................21 Appalachian Basin....................................................................................................................................................21 Acadian Orogeny......................................................................................................................................................22 Alleghenian Orogeny ................................................................................................................................................23 Triassic Extension to the Present .............................................................................................................................23 Glossary....................................................................................................................... 26 References................................................................................................................... 28 Appendix A: Geologic Map Graphic .......................................................................... 31 Appendix B: Scoping Summary................................................................................. 33 Attachment 1: Geologic Resource Evaluation Products CD FRHI Geologic Resource Evaluation Report iii List of Figures Figure 1. Location Map of Friendship Hill National Historic Site.....................................................................................4 Figure 2. Galatin House………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Figure 3. View of the Monongahela River from Gallatin House......................................................................................6 Figure 4. Map of Pennsylvania with Physiographic Provinces.. .....................................................................................7 Figure 5. Generalized Geologic Map of Friendship Hill National Historic Site................................................................8 Figure 6. Reconstruction of Ancient Lake Monongahela..............................................................................................16 Figure 7. Maps Showing Drainage of Ancient Monongahela River ..............................................................................17 Figure 8. Geologic Time Scale.....................................................................................................................................24 Figure 9. Evolution of the Landscape in the Friendship Hill National Historic Site Area...............................................25 List of Tables Table 1. Deposition in the Appalachian Basin..............................................................................................................22 iv NPS Geologic Resources Division Executive Summary This report accompanies the digital geologic map for Friendship Hill National Historic Site in Pennsylvania, which the Geologic Resources Division produced in collaboration with its partners. It contains information relevant to resource management and scientific research. Friendship Hill, located in southwestern Pennsylvania pose health, safety, and environmental threats to the (fig. 1) was set aside to commemorate the home of Albert area. Foremost among these is acid- mine drainage. Gallatin (fig. 2) and his invaluable contributions to the The potential for acid- mine drainage and heavy metal history of the United States as treasurer during the contamination that accompanies low pH (~2.7) runoff Jefferson presidency. His estate, established in what was is a serious resource management concern. Four small then the frontier, sits atop a high bluff
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