DOCSLIB.ORG

Section 4.2.2.2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Section 4.2.2.2 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS 4.1 GEOLOGY 4.1.1 Existing Resources 4.1.1.1 Geologic Setting The proposed LX Project is located entirely in the Kanawha Section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. The Appalachian Plateaus consist primarily of Pennsylvanian and Permian layered deposits, with Quaternary Alluvium overlying most geologic formations (USGS, 2015a). Elevations along the project range from 455 feet to 1,500 feet above mean sea level (USGS, 2015b). Topography in the project area ranges from relatively flat-lying rocks and rolling hills to steep slopes, with a local relief of up to several hundred feet (West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey [WVGES], 2004a; Greene County Government, 2013; ODNR, 2014a). The proposed RXE Project Grayson CS is located in the region known as the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (Kentucky Geological Survey [KGS], 2012a), in an area of Quaternary alluvium composed of sand, silt, clay, and gravel created by floodplain deposits of present day streams. The thickness of the alluvium ranges from 0 to 60 feet (Whittington and Ferm, 1967). The proposed RXE Project Means CS is located within the Lexington Plains Section of the Interior Low Plateaus physiographic province (USGS, 2015a), in a region known as The Knobs, that consists of hundreds of isolated, steep-sloping, cone-shaped hills (KGS, 2012b). The nearest knob, Kashs Knob, is approximately one-quarter mile north of the proposed compressor station site (USGS, 1975). The USDA Soil Conservation Survey (SCS) County soil survey information indicates there are restrictive layers (potentially shallow bedrock) within the upper five feet of the ground surface at both CS locations (USDA SCS, 1974 and 1983). A more detailed discussion of shallow bedrock is included in section 4.2.2.2. Table 4.1.1-1 provides a summary of the geologic formations crossed by the LX Project facilities, and the location by MP of each geologic formation crossed is presented in appendix F. A summary of shallow bedrock areas crossed by the LX Project is provided in appendix G. 4-1 TABLE 4.1.1-1 Geologic Formations in the LX and RXE Project Areas Geologic Primary Secondary Formation/Unit Facility Period/Era Lithology Lithology Description Monongahela Group LEX (23.9 miles) Pennsylvanian Sandstone Siltstone Black, red, gray, and Mainline Valve 6 green shale, siltstone, and Summerfield Compressor mudstone. Station LEX launcher Dunkard Group LEX (47.8 miles) Permian, Sandstone Siltstone Non-marine cyclic Pennsylvanian sequences of Mainline Valves 1, 2, 3 sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and 4 and coal. Lone Oak Compressor Station Greene Formation LEX (0.3 mile) Permian Sandstone Shale Cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, red beds, thin limestone, and thin, impure coal. Washington LEX (0.1 mile) Permian Sandstone Shale Sequences of Formation sandstone, red shale, limestone, and coal. Waynesburg LEX (0.4 mile) Permian and Sandstone Shale Sequences of Formation Pennsylvanian sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal. Conemaugh Group LEX (35.5miles) Pennsylvanian Siltstone Shale Black, red, gray, and BM-111 Loop (1.8 miles) green shale, siltstone, and Mainline Valves 5 and 7 mudstone. Allegheny and LEX (11.5 miles) Pennsylvanian Shale Siltstone Gray, olive, and Pottsville Groups, R-801 Loop (14.4 miles) greenish shale, Undivided siltstone, and BM-111 Loop (0.1 mile) underclay. Locally RS-1286 contains marine McArthur Regulator Station fossils. Mainline Valves 9 Benton Regulator Station BM-111 Loop launcher Oak Hill Compressor Station R-486 Odorization Station R-130 Odorization Station R-543 Odorization Station R-300 / R-500 Odorization Station 4-2 TABLE 4.1.1-1 (cont’d) Geologic Formations in the LX and RXE Project Areas Geologic Primary Secondary Formation/Unit Facility Period/Era Lithology Lithology Description Maxville Limestone: LEX (7.1 miles) Mississippian Shale Siltstone Gray, yellow, brown Rushville, Logan, LEX1 (0.6 mile) shale, siltstone, and and Cuyahoga R-801 Loop (6.8 miles) sandstone. Formations, K-260 Regulator Station Undivided Mainline Valve 8 Black Hand LEX (4.9 miles) Mississippian Sandstone Conglo- Yellow-gray to white Sandstone Member R-801 Loop (3.0 miles) merate sandstone and of Cuyahoga conglomerate that LEX1 (0.6 mile) Formation grade laterally into R-System Regulator shale and siltstone. Station Crawford Compressor Station Benton Compressor Station Quaternary Alluvium LEX (<0.1 mile) Quaternary Alluvium N/A Alluvial deposits of BM-111 Loop (0.9 mile) sand, gravel, silt, and clay. Ceredo Compressor Station Grayson Compressor Station Nancy and Farmers Means Compressor Station Mississippian Shale Siltstone Olive and gray Member of Lower shales and siltstone, Mississippian including Borden Formation discontinuous iron- impregnated beds of siltstone. Dark- reddish- and yellowish-brown, iron-rich, siliceous, and calcareous concretions, occur sporadically in both shale and siltstone. ____________________ Source: USGS, 2005a-g. 4.1.1.2 Mineral Resources The primary nonfuel mineral resource in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia is crushed stone. Other prevalent mineral resources include Portland cement, lime, construction and sand (USGS, 2011) and clay, specifically in Carter County, Kentucky (USGS, 2015b). No active quarries are located within 0.2 mile of the LX and RXE Project areas (PADEP, 2015; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources [PADCNR], 2015a; KGS, 2001; USGS, 2003 and 2015b). No mine spoil areas are located within 0.5 mile of the project areas (West Virginia GIS Technical Center, 1996; Freidhof; 2015; Pennsylvania Spatial Data Clearinghouse [PASDA], 2015c). However, based on data provided by local mining companies and review of publicly available online resources, 41 underground mines are identified within 0.25 mile of the LX Project area in Ohio and West Virginia (KGS, 2001; ODNR, 2014c; PASDA, 2015d; West Virginia Office of Miners’ Health Safety and Training, 2011; WVDEP, 2014). Of the 41 mines, 17 are identified as underground coal mines, 3 as longwall coal mines, 19 as surface coal mines, 1 as a surface gravel mine and 1 as a surface limestone 4-3 mine. Seven of the 41 mines identified are being actively mined or are planned for future mining, including three longwall mines and four surface mines. Additionally, Columbia Gas is currently negotiating with two mining companies regarding the purchase of material rights for a surface gravel mine and surface coal mine along the proposed LEX crossing. Coal is a major resource for Kentucky, which has two separate major coalfields: the western Kentucky coalfield and the eastern Kentucky coalfield. Although, the RXE Project’s Grayson CS is located in the eastern Kentucky coalfield, there are no mines within five miles of the proposed site (Kentucky Mine Mapping Information System, 2015). Appendix I presents the location (by MP) of each future, active, and abandoned mine crossed or located within 0.2 mile of the LX and RXE Project areas. Columbia Gas conducted geotechnical investigations at the proposed Lone Oak, Summerfield, and Oak Hill CS sites as well as at the existing Ceredo CS to characterize subsurface conditions for use in the development of facility foundation design and construction considerations. The proposed Summerfield CS occurs over land characterized by reclaimed abandoned coal mines of past and potential future mining activities. However, based on analysis of the results of the geotechnical investigation performed for the Summerfield CS, undisturbed stable soils occur beyond the expected depth of foundations. Based on a review of publicly available resources and discussions with mining companies, Columbia Gas has identified a potential area near the proposed Lone Oak CS in which future longwall mining activities may occur. Columbia Gas coordinated with the associated mining company to determine when future mining activities would occur at the Lone Oak CS. Longwall mining activities are tentatively scheduled to occur in the area between 2023 and 2025; however, impacts at the Lone Oak CS as a result of mining activity are not anticipated. Columbia Gas and the associated mining company are developing a commercial solution for impacts associated with construction or operation of the Lone Oak CS and mining. A total of 64 oil and gas wells were identified within the LX Project area in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, including 11 active wells and 51 inactive wells and 2 historic wells (appendix H) (WVDEP, 2014; 2011; PASDA 2015a, 2015b; ODNR, 2014b). The data provided in appendix H was obtained through publicly available state records, and the location and distances from the proposed construction workspace limits presented in the appendix may not be exact. Once Columbia Gas is able to conduct its final engineering and civil surveys, these locations would be marked, mitigated and/or avoided. Given the uncertainty of the locations of oil and gas wells within the LX Project workspace at this time, we recommend that: Prior to construction, Columbia Gas should file with the Secretary the results of civil surveys identifying the location of any conventional or unconventional oil and gas well locations (including permitted, drilled, producing and abandoned oil and gas wells) within the LX Project footprint, as well as identify measures to minimize hazards for any wells located within 100 feet of the proposed LX Project pipelines. In the RXE Project area in Kentucky, 158 oil and gas wells were identified within 5 miles of the Means CS, but none within 1 mile. The majority of the wells (124 of the 158 wells) within 5 miles of the Means CS are gas wells. Of the remaining wells, 29 are dry and/or abandoned wells, 4 are newly permitted wells, and one is a water supply well (KGS, 2015a). Similarly, 102 wells within 5 miles of the Grayson CS, but none within 1 mile. Within 5 miles of the Grayson CS there are 38 gas wells, 34 dry 4-4 and/or abandoned wells, 5 newly permitted wells, 2 combined oil and gas producing wells, 12 oil wells, and 11 terminated wells, for which the permit has been cancelled or has expired (KGS, 2015a).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Literature Cited
    Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbre- viated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Coal Resources of Belmont County, Ohio
    Geology and Coal Resources of Belmont County, Ohio By HENRY L. BERRYHILL, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 380 Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Division of Geological Survey UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Stratigraphy Continued Abstract. __________________________________________ 1 Pennsylvanian rocks Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Conemaugh formation Continued Purpose of the study- ___________________________ 1 Description of members Continued Preparation of the report ________________________ 2 Eastern Belmont County Continued Page Acknowledgments _______________________________ 2 Connellsville sandstone member __ 14 Previous workers _______________________________ 2 Lower Pittsburgh limestone mem­ Geography- ________________________________________ 3 ber __________________________ 14 Topography and drainage.-. _________________________ 3 Bellaire sandstone member. ___ 15 Structure, _ _____________________________________ 5 Upper Pittsburgh limestone mem­ Stratigraphy _ ______________________________________ 5 ber. _______________ __________ 15 General features. _______________________________ 5 Clay overlying the Upper Pitts­ Pennsylvanian rocks ___________________________ 6 Conemaugh formation. _ _____________________ 6 burgh limestone
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
    Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus
    [Show full text]
  • Presented by Title Before the Society, December £9, 1906)
    BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 18, pp. 29-178 April 9,1907 CARBONIFEROUS OF THE APPALACHIAN BASIN * BY JOHN J. STEVENSON (Presented by title before the Society, December £9, 1906) CONTENTS Page Monongahela formation ............................................................................................... 30 Correlation ............................................................................................................... 30 East from the Alleghenies................................................................................... 45 Broad Top ........................................................................................................ 46 Maryland ......................................................................................................... 46 West from the Allegheny mountains, in Pennsylvania............................ 47 The First and Second bituminous basins............................................. 47 The Blairsville-Conncllsville basin............................................................ 60 The Greensburg basin.................................................................................. 64 The Lisbon-Irwin basin................................................................................ 54 The Waynesburg basin................................................................................ 58 The western basins in Pennsylvania....................................................... 60 The northern panhandle of W est Virginia....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio State Parks
    Ohio State Parks Enter Search Term: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/default.htm [6/24/2002 11:24:54 AM] Park Directory Enter Search Term: or click on a park on the map below http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/parks/ [6/24/2002 11:26:28 AM] Caesar Creek Enter Search Term: Caesar Creek State Park 8570 East S.R. 73 Waynesville, OH 45068-9719 (513) 897-3055 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Caesar Creek Lake Map It! (National Atlas) Park Map Campground Map Activity Facilities Quantity Fees Resource Land, acres 7940 Caesar Creek State Park is highlighted by clear blue waters, Water, acres 2830 scattered woodlands, meadows and steep ravines. The park Nearby Wildlife Area, acres 1500 offers some of the finest outdoor recreation in southwest Day-Use Activities Fishing yes Ohio including boating, hiking, camping and fishing. Hunting yes Hiking Trails, miles 43 Bridle Trails, miles 31 Nature of the Area Backpack Trails, miles 14 Mountain Bike Trail, miles 8.5 Picnicking yes The park area sits astride the crest of the Cincinnati Arch, a Picnic Shelters, # 6 convex tilting of bedrock layers caused by an ancient Swimming Beach, feet 1300 Beach Concession yes upheaval. Younger rocks lie both east and west of this crest Nature Center yes where some of the oldest rocks in Ohio are exposed. The Summer Nature Programs yes sedimentary limestones and shales tell of a sea hundreds of Programs, year-round yes millions of years in our past which once covered the state. Boating Boating Limits UNL Seasonal Dock Rental, # 64 The park's excellent fossil finds give testimony to the life of Launch Ramps, # 5 this long vanished body of water.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GENETIC DIVERSITY and POPULATION STRUCTURE of GEUM RADIATUM: EFFECTS of NATURAL HISTORY and CONSERVATION EFFORTS a Thesis B
    THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF GEUM RADIATUM: EFFECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS A Thesis by NIKOLAI M. HAY Submitted to the Graduate School at Appalachian State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2017 Department of Biology ! THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF GEUM RADIATUM: EFFECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS A Thesis by NIKOLAI M. HAY December 2017 APPROVED BY: Matt C. Estep Chairperson, Thesis Committee Zack E. Murrell Member, Thesis Committee Ray Williams Member, Thesis Committee Zack E Murrell Chairperson, Department of Biology Max C. Poole, Ph.D. Dean, Cratis D. Williams School of Graduate Studies ! Copyright by Nikolai M. Hay 2017 All Rights Reserved ! Abstract THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF GEUM RADIATUM: EFFECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS Nikolai M. Hay B.S., Appalachian State University M.S., Appalachian State University Chairperson: Matt C. Estep Geum radiatum is a federally endangered high-elevation rock outcrop endemic herb that is widely recognized as a hexaploid and a relic species. Little is currently known about G. radiatum genetic diversity, population interactions, or the effect of augmentations. This study sampled every known population of G. radiatum and used microsatellite markers to observe the alleles present at 8 loci. F-statistics, STRUCTURE, GENODIVE, and the R package polysat were used to measure diversity and genetic structure. The analysis demonstrates that there is interconnectedness and structure of populations and was able to locate augmented and punitive hybrids individuals within an augmented population. Geum radiautm has diversity among and between populations and suggests current gene flow in the northern populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey
    Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Quantifying Avian and Forest Communities to Understand
    Quantifying avian and forest communities to understand interdependencies of ecological systems and inform forest bird conservation Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bryce Timothy Adams Graduate Program in Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee Stephen N. Matthews, Advisor Robert J. Gates Chris M. Tonra Laura J. Kearns Louis R. Iverson 1 Copyrighted by Bryce Timothy Adams 2018 2 Abstract Forests represent the largest terrestrial biome on Earth, providing a wealth of ecological and social services. Their effective conservation and management under intensifying anthropogenic threats, climate change, and shifting disturbance regimes hinges on an accurate knowledge of ecological process and spatial pattern to address questions related to their dynamics, how they are changing, and what resources they provide to wildlife. Predictive models are currently the main tools used to quantify landscape-level forest parameters and resource use of wildlife communities. Advances in remote sensing technologies and new, innovative ways to characterize these data offer great potential for improved quantification and monitoring of ecological systems. My overall research seeks to integrate new methodologies for landscape-level quantification of avian and forest communities and to investigate interrelationships that inform forest bird conservation in southeastern Ohio. The study area, positioned within the Central Hardwoods Region, displays a pronounced floristic gradient, recognized as one of the most speciose forested regions in the eastern US. I sampled avian and woody plant assemblages across a spectrum of forest stands with different vegetation composition and structure within six study sites during 2015 and 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of Switzerland Township, Monroe County, Ohio1
    THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. LIU JANUARY, 1953 No. 1 THE GEOLOGY OF SWITZERLAND TOWNSHIP, MONROE COUNTY, OHIO1 THOMAS ARKLE, JR.2 Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Columbus 10 The aim of this report is twofold. It is primarily an attempt to summarize the geologic events that transpired in the past as interpreted from the exposed rocks in Switzerland Township, the Ohio River valley, and in the broader region of Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Secondly, this report summarizes the structural and economic geology of Switzerland Township and immediate environs. HISTORY AND ECONOMIC SETTING OF SWITZERLAND TOWNSHIP In April 1819, ten German and Swiss families embarked on a flat boat on the Aar River enroute to Berne, Switzerland, and thence on the Rhine to Antwerp, Belgium. After 48 days aboard the Eugenius, a French vessel bound for New York, they landed at Amboy, New Jersey. Six families purchased teams for the overland trek to Wheeling, West Virginia. At the mouth of Captina Creek at the present site of Powhatan Point, Ohio, they found two Pennsylvania Dutch men who informed them that there was plenty of government land in Monroe County, Ohio. On September 15, Father Tischer and part of his band continued down river 15 miles to Bare's Landing, Ohio Township, and the remainder settled in the hills above Powhatan Point. Switzerland Township, an area of about 28 square miles, was organized by the latter group January 1, 1827. These early settlers selected a small portion of the maturely dissected Allegheny Plateau (fig. 1) as the site for their new home.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Forests of the Hocking Hills Prior to Hemlock Woolly
    Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Forests of the Hocking Hills Prior to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) Infestation _______________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University _______________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies _______________________________ by Jordan K. Knisley April 2021 1 This thesis has been approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the Department of Environmental Studies Dr. James Dyer Professor, Geography Thesis Adviser _____________________________ Dr. Stephen Scanlan Director of Studies, Environmental Studies _____________________________ Dr. Donal Skinner Dean, Honors Tutorial College 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents, Keith and Tara Knisley, my grandparents, Sandra Jones- Gordley and Phil Gordley, and the love of my life, Sarah Smith. Each of them has been a constant source of support. Finishing my undergraduate studies and writing this thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult, and I am certain I am not alone in this sentiment, but their emotional support has definitely made this process easier. Additionally, thank you to Scott Smith, captain of the “S.S. Airbag,” the boat without which I could not have reached some of my study plots. I would also like to express my thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. James Dyer. Without his assistance throughout this process, from field work to editing, this thesis would not have been possible. Finally, I would like to thank my Director or Studies, Dr. Stephen Scanlan, for his guidance, and the Honors Tutorial College in general for the opportunities that they have given me.
    [Show full text]
  • SRW) and Superior High Quality Water (SHQW) Classifications for Ohio’S Water Qual- Ity Standards
    Methods and Documen- te of the tation used to Propose Ecosystem: State Resource Water (SRW) and Superior High Quality Water (SHQW) Classifications for Ohio’s Water Qual- ity Standards Kokosing River: SRW Candidate Introduction High quality water bodies are valued Selection Criteria public resources because of their eco- Ohio EPA has drafted revisions to the logical and human benefits. Intact The selection of candidate water bod- 1 aquatic ecosystems provide substan- State's antidegradation policy which ies and delineation of SRW and tial environmental benefits to long- incorporate a level of protection SHQW segments were based on the term, sustainable environmental qual- between the minimum antidegradation following types of information: policy required under the Clean Water ity. The biological components of these systems act as a warning system that Act and the maximum protection 1.) The presence of endangered and can indicate potential threats to human afforded by federal regulations. The threatened fish, mussel, crayfish, and health, degradation of aesthetic values, most stringent application of antideg- amphibian species as designated for reductions in the quality and quantity radation is to allow absolutely no low- Ohio by the Ohio DNR (Department of of recreational opportunities, and other ering of water quality in waters Natural Resources), Division of Wild- ecosystem benefits or “services.” designated as Outstanding National life (2001). The inclusion of this infor- Some of these other services include Resource Waters. The minimum
    [Show full text]
  • Corydalis Flavula (Raf.) DC
    Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. yellowyellow fumewort fumewort, Page 1 State Distribution Photo by Bradford S. Slaughter Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Status: State threatened capsules containing black, shining seeds. Global and state rank: G5/S2 Range: Yellow fumewort is widespread in the eastern and central United States and Canada, where the species Other common names: yellow corydalis; yellow occurs from Rhode Island south to Florida, west to harlequin Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, and South Dakota, and south to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana (Gleason and Family: Papaveraceae (poppy family) Cronquist 1991). The species is considered rare in Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Nebraska, New Jersey, Synonyms: Capnoides flavulum(Raf.) �unt�e; Fumaria New York, and Ontario (NatureServe 2009). flavula Raf. State distribution: Yellow fumewort is restricted Taxonomy: The Papaveraceae is a family of ca. 660 to southwestern Lower Michigan, where the species species of herbaceous plants with watery or colored, is known from 17 occurrences in Berrien, Cass, acrid sap, pinnately lobed leaves, 2- or 3-merous �alama�oo, and Calhoun counties. hypogynous flowers, biseriate corollas commonly with 4 or 6 petals, capsular fruits with arillate seeds, and Recognition: Yellow fumewort is a small, semi- the presence of various alkaloids within laticifers or succulent, spreading or sprawling annual forb to secretory cells (Zomlefer 1994). The genus Corydalis is 30 cm tall. The species is characteri�ed by green to often segregated into the family Fumariaceae, which is glaucous, cauline, alternate, bipinnately dissected recogni�ed by some botanists as a distinct family on the leaves and axillary racemes with few to 10 or more basis of several morphological characteristics that often, irregular flowers with 4 unequal yellow petals.
    [Show full text]