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Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups

Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups

APPENDIX

Synoptic of Major Groups

Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980).

KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA

KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA

PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida (LOrd-Rec) Suborder Rotaliina (Miss? Perm-Reel Order Choristida (Miss-Rec) Class Ciliata Class Calcarea *Foraminiferan taxonomy is of little meaning above the familial or generic Order Sphinctozoa (UOrd-UCret) level. Order Pharetrones (LPerm-Rec) 653 654 APPENDIX: SYNOPTIC TAXONOMY OF MAJOR FOSSIL GROUPS

Class Calcarea (cont.) Class (cont.) Order Calcaronea (Uur-Rec) Order Cystoporata (LOrd-UPerm) Order Heteractinida (MOrd-LPenn) Order Cryptostomata (LOrd-LTrias) Class Sclerospongiae Order Fenestrata (MOrd-LTrias) ?Order (?LCamb, MOrd• Class UCret) Order Ctenostomata (LOrd-Ree) Order Tabulospongidae (LOrd-Ree) Order Cheilostomata (UJur-Ree)

?PHYLUM ARCHAEOCYATHA PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA

Class Regulares Class Inarticulata Order Monocyathida (LCamb-MCamb) Order Lingulida (LCamb-Rec) Order Putapacyatbida (LCamb) Order Acrotretida (LCamb-Ree) Order Ajacicyathida (LCamb-MCamb) Order Obolellida (LCamb-MCamb) Class Irregulares Order Paterinida (LCamb-MOrd) Order Archaeocyathida (LCamb-MCamb) Order Kutorginida (LCamb-MCamb) Order Rhizacyathida (LCamb-MCamb) Class Articulata Order Syringocnematida (LCamb) Order Othida Suborder Orthidina (LCamb-UDev) ?PHYLUM RECEPTACULITIDA (LOrd-MDev)* Suborder Clitambonitidina (LOrd-UOrd) Suborder Triplesiidina (MOrd-MSiI) PHYLUM (= COELENTERATA) Order Pentamerida (MCamb-UDev) Order Strophomenida Class Hydrozoa Suborder Strophomenidina (LOrd-UTrias) Order Trachylinida (MCamb?, Jur-Rec) Suborder Chonetidina (UOrd-Uur) Order Hydroida (MCamb-Rec) Suborder Productidina (LDev-LTrias) Order Siphonophorida (Ediacar-Ree) Suborder Oldahaminidina (Penn-UTrias) Order Spongiomorpbida (LTrias-UJur) Order Rhynchonellida (MOrd-Ree) Order Milliporina (Danian-Rec) Order Atrypida (MOrd-UDev) Order Stylasterina (Danian-Ree) Order Spiriferida (MOrd-MJur) Order Sphaeractinida (UPenn-UCret) Order Terebratulida (USiI-Ree) Class Order Thecideida (Uur-Ree) Order Carybdeida (UJur-Rec) Order Coronatida (LCamb-Rec)

Order Semaeostomatida (UJur-Rec) PHYLUM I Order Lithorhizostomatida (UJur) Order Rhizostomatida (UJur-Ree) Class Amphineura ?Order Conulariida (LCamb-UTrias) Order Palaeoloricata (UCamb-UCret) Class Order Neoloricata (MOrd-Rec) Order Stolonifera (LCret-Ree) Class Monoplacophora Order Alcyonacea (LCamb?, MSil-Ree) Order Tryblidoidea (MCamb-Ree) Order Gorgonacea (UOrd-Rec) Order Cyrtonellida (LCamb-MDev) Order Pennatulacea (Ediacar?, Trias-Rec) Class Order (LOrd-UPenn) Order Archaeogastropoda (UCamb-Ree) Order Rugosa (MCamb?, MOrd-UPenn) Order BeUerophontida (UCamb-Ree) Order Heterocorallia (MDev-LPenn) Order (LOrd-Ree) Order Scleractinia (MTrias-Ree) Order Neogastropoda (LCret-Rec) Order Entomotaeniata (MDev-Ree) PHYLUM (= ECTOPROCTA, POLYZOA) Order Cephalaspidea (Miss-Rec) Seven minor fossil orders Class Stenolaemata Class Scaphopoda Order Cyclostomata (LOrd-Ree) Order Dentalioida (MOrd-Ree) Order Trepostomata (LOrd-UPenn) Order Siphonodentalioida (LPenn-Ree) *Position uncertain, may alternatively be a class of Porifera, or a subdivi• Class Rostroconchia sion of Chlorophyta (Plantae). Order Ribeirioida (LCamb-UOrd) APPENDIX: SYNOPTIC TAXONOMY OF MAJOR FOSSIL GROUPS 655

Class Rostroconchia (cont.) Class Trilobita (cont.) Order Ischyrinioida (LOrd-UOrd) Order Agnostida Order Conocardioida (LOrd-UPenn) Suborder Agnostina (LCamb-UOrd) Class (= Pelecypoda, Lamellibranchiata) Suborder Eodiscina (LCamb-MCamb) Order Fordilloida (LCamb) Order Olenellida (Redlichiida) Order Solemyoida (LDev-Rec) Suborder Olenellina (LCamb-MCamb?) Order Nuculoida (LOrd-Rec) Suborder Redlichiina (LCamb-MCamb) Order Mytiloida (LOrd-Rec) Order Corynexocbida (LCamb-UCamb) Order Praecardioida (LOrd-UTrias) Order Ptychopariida Order Arcoida (LOrd-Rec) Suborder Ptychopariina (LCamb-UOrd) Order Pterioida (LOrd-Rec) Suborder Asaphina (UCamb-UOrd) Order Modiomorphoida (LOrd-UPenn) Suborder Illaenina (LOrd-UDev) Order Trigonioida (LDev-Rec) Suborder Harpina (UCamb-UDev) Order Unionoida (LTrias-Uur) Suborder Trinucleina (LOrd-USil) Order Veneroida (LOrd-Rec) Order Proetida (UCamb-UPenn) Order Myoida (LPenn-Rec) Order Phacopida Order Hippuritoida (LSil-UCret) Suborder Cheirurina (UCamb-MDev) Order Pholadomyoida (MOrd-Rec) Suborder Calymenina (LOrd-MDev) Class Cephalopoda Suborder Phacopina (LOrd-UDev) Subclass Nautiloidea Order Lichida (LOrd-UDev) Order Ellesmerocerida (UCamb-UOrd) Order Odontopleurida (LOrd-UDev) Order (LOrd-UTrias) Order (LOrd-UPenn) Subphylum Chelicerata Order (LOrd-LSil) Class Merostomata Order (LDev-Rec) Subclass Xiphosuria Six minor orders Order Aglaspida (LCamb-MOrd) Subclass Bactritoidea (LOrd-UPenn) Order Limulida (LDev-Rec) Subclass Order Eurypterida (LOrd-UPenn) Order Goniatitida (MDev-UPenn) Two minor orders Order (UPenn-UTrias) Class Arachnida (MSil-Rec) Order Phylloceratida (LTrias-UCret) Subphylum Pycnogonida (LDev-Rec) Order Lytoceratida (Uur-UCret) Order (Uur-UCret) Subphylum Mandibulata Subclass Coleoidea Class Myriopoda Order Belemnoida (Uur-) Subclass Diplopoda (MSil-Rec) Order Octopoda (UCret-Rec) Subclass Arthropleurida (Penn) Order Sepiida (UJur-Rec) Subclass Chilopoda (MSil-Rec) Order Teuthida (UTrias-Rec) Class Crustacea* Three minor orders Subclass Branchiopoda (LDev-Rec) ?Class Tentaculitida (LOrd-UDev) Subclass Ostracoda ?Class Hyolitha (LCamb-UPenn) Order Archaeocopida (LCamb-LOrd) Order Leperditicopida (LOrd-MDev) PHYLUM ANNELIDA Order Paleocopida (LOrd-UPenn) Order Myodocopida (MOrd-Rec) Class Polychaeta Order Podocopida (MOrd-Rec) Order Errantia (Ediacar-Rec) Subclass Cirripeda (Penn-Rec) Order Sedentaria (Ediacar-Rec) Subclass Order (UPenn-Rec) Order Isopoda (UPenn-Rec) PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Order Ampbipoda (Eocene-Rec) Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Class Insecta (= Hexapoda)t *Crustacea incorporates many additional of MCamb and Class Trilobitoidea (LCamb-MCamb, LDev?) younger ages whose affmities are indetenninate. Class Trilobita tInsecta includes more than 43 orders. most with a sparse fossil record. 656 APPENDIX: SYNOPTIC TAXONOMY OF MAJOR FOSSIL GROUPS

Class Insecta (cant.) PHYLUM CHORDATA Subclass Apterygota (LDev-Rec) Subclass Pterygota (Penn-Rec) Subphylum Cephalochordata Class Acrania (MCamb?, Rec)

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA Subphylum Vertebrata (= Craniata)

insertae sedis Infraphylum Agnatha Class (= Carpoidea, Calcichordata) SupercIass Cephalaspidiomorphi (MOrd-Rec) (LCamb-MDev) SupercIass Pteraspidiomorphi (UCamb-UDev) Class Helicoplacoidea (LCamb) Infraphylum Subphylum Pelmatozoa Superclass Elasmobranchiomorphi Class Placodermi SupercIass Cystoidea Order Rhenanida (LDev-UDev) Class (LCamb-USil) Order Ptyctodontida (MDev-UDev) Class Paracrinoidea (MOrd-UOrd) Order Petalichthyida (LDev-MDev) Class Diploporita (LOrd-MDev) Order Arthrodira (LDev-UDev) Class Rhombifera (LOrd-UDev) Order Antiarcha (MDev-Miss) Class Blastoidea (LOrd-UPerm) Class Chondrichthyes Superclass Subclass Elasmobranchii Class Crinoidea Order Cladoselachii (MDev-UPerm) Subclass Camerata (LOrd-UPerm) Order Pleuracanthodii (UDev-UTrias) Subclass Inadunata (LOrd-MTrias) Order Selachii (UDev-Rec) Subclass Flexibilia (MOrd-UPerm) Order Batoidea (Uur-Rec) Subclass Articulata (LTrias-Rec) Subclass Holocephali (Miss-Rec) Superclass Teleostomi Subphylum Eleutherozoa Class Acanthodii (MSil-Penn) Class Edrioasteroidea (LCamb-Penn) Class Osteichthyes Class Asteroidea (LOrd-Rec) Subclass Sarcopterygii Class Ophiuroidea (LOrd-Rec) Infraclass Crossopterygii Class Holothuroidea (MCamb?, LOrd-Rec) Superorder Rhipidistia (MDev-Perm) Class Echinoidea Superorder Actinistia (= Coelacanthi) (UDev• Subclass (MOrd-Rec) Rec) Subclass Euechinoidea (UTrias-Rec?) Subclass Infraclass Chondrostei (MDev-Rec) Infraclass Holostei (UPerm-Rec) PHYLUM CONODONTA Infraclass Teleostei (UTrias-Rec) Superclass Tetrapoda Order Paraconodontida (Ediacar?, LCamb• Class Amphibia MOrd) Subclass Labyrinthodontia Order Conodontophorida (UCamb-UTrias) Order Ichthyostegalia (UDev-Miss) Order Temnospondyli (Miss-UTrias) PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA Order Anthracosauria (Miss-UPerm) Subclass Lepospondyli ?Class Order Nectridea (LPenn-LPerm) Order Dendroidea (MCamb-LPenn) Order Aistopoda (Miss-LPerm) Order Tuboidea (UCamb-MSil) Order Microsauria (Miss-LPerm) Order Cameroidea (LOrd-UOrd) Subclass Lissamphibia (LTrias-Rec) Order Stolonoidea (LOrd) Class Reptilia Order Graptoloidea (LOrd-LDev) Subclass Anapsida Two minor orders Order Captorhinomorpha (LPenn-MPerm) Class Pterobranchia (MCamb-Rec) Order Chelonia (MTrias?, UTrias-Rec) Class Enteropneusta (MCamb?, Rec) Order Mesosauria (LPerm) APPENDIX: SYNOPTIC TAXONOMY OF MAJOR FOSSIL GROUPS 657

Class Reptilia (cont.) ?DIVISION ACRITARCHA * Subclass Lepidosauria Order Eosuchia (UPenn-Eocene) DIVISION RHOOOPHYTA Order Squamata (UTrias-Rec) Order Rbynchocephalia (LTrias-Rec) Family Solenoporaceae (LCamb-Rec) Subclass Euryapsida Family Corallinaceae (Penn-Rec) Order Araeoscelidia (LPenn-UCret) Order Sauropterygia (LTrias-UCret) DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA Order Placodontia (LTrias-UTrias) Subclass Ichthyopterygia (MTrias-UCret) Class Chlorophyceae Subclass Archosauria Order Siphonales (Proter?, UCamb-Rec) Order Thecodontia (UPenn-UTrias) Order Dasycladales (LCamb-Rec)t Order Crocodilia (UTrias-Rec) Subkingdom Tracheopbyta Order Pterosauria (Uur-UCret) Order Saurischia (UTrias-UCret) ?DIVISION RHYNIOPHYTA (USil-UDev) Order Omithischia (UTrias-UCret) Subclass Synapsida DIVISION ZOSTEROPHYLLOPHYTA (LDev) Order Pelycosauria (UPenn-MPenn) Order Therapsida (MPenn-Uur) DIVISION TRIMEROPHYTOPHYTA (LDev-UDev) Class Aves Subclass Archaeornithes (UTrias?, UJur) DIVISION LYCOPHYTA Subclass Neornithes Superorder Odontognathae (UCret) Order Protolepidodendrales (LDev-UDev) Superorder Paleognathae (Eocene-Rec) Order Lepidodendrales (Miss-UPenn) Superorder Neognathae (LCret-Rec) Order Lycopodiales (UDev-Rec) Class Mammalia Order Sigillariales (Miss-LPenn) Subclass Prototheria ten minor orders Infraclass Eotheria (UTrias-LCret) + Infraclass Allotheria (UJur-Eocene) DIVISION SPHENOPSIDA Infraclass Omithodelphia (= Monotremata) (Pleist• Rec) Order Hyeniales (LDev-MDev) Subclass Order Pseudobomiales (UDev) Infraclass Trituberculata (MJur-LCret) Order Sphenophyllales (UDev-UPenn) Infraclass Metatheria (UCret-Rec)* Order Equisetales (Miss-Rec) Infraclass (LCret?, MCret?, UCret-Rec) DIVISION PTERIDIOPHYTA KINGDOM PLANTAE Class Cladoxylopsida (MDev-Miss) Subkingdom Thallopbyta Class Coenopteridopsida (LDev-UPenn) DIVISION CHRYSOPHYTA Class Filicopsida Order Marattiales (LPenn-Rec) Class Chrysophyceae Order Filicales (Miss-Rec) Order Coccolithineae (Uur-Rec) + four minor orders Order Chrysomonadales (Silicofiagellata) (LCret• Rec) DNISION GYMNOSPERMATOPHYTA Order Bacillariophyceae (Diatomacea) (LCret• Rec) Class Progymnospennopsida (MDev-Miss) Class Pteridospennopsida DIVISION PYRRHOPHYTA Order Medullosales (Miss-UPenn) Class Dinophyceae (LSil?, LPenn-Rec) *There are 13 infonnal subdivisions of acritaIChs, ranging from Pr0- terozoic to Recent, but there is no recognized taxonomy. *Metatheria includes the single order of marsupials; Eutheria includes 22 tOasycladales may incorporate the questionable phylum Receptacu- or more orders of placental . Iitida. 658 APPENDIX: SYNOPTIC TAXONOMY OF MAJOR FOSSIL GROUPS

Class Pteridospermopsida (cont.) DIVISION GINKGOPHYTA (LPerm-Rec) Order Callistophytales (MPenn-UPenn) Order Calymopityales (UDev-Miss) DIVISION CONIFEROPHYT A Order Glossopteridales (UPenn-LTrias) Order Archaeopteridales (UDev-LPerm) Class Cordaitopsida (LPenn-UPerm) Order Diplopteridales (UDev-Penn) Class Coniferopsida (LPenn-Rec) Class Taxales (Uur-Rec) DIVISION CYCADOPHYT A DIVISION ANTHOPHYT A (= ANGIOSPERMAE)* Class Cycadopsida *Includes all flowering . with over 300 extant families. Earliest Order Cycadales (LPerm?, UTrias-Rec) definite records from the LCret. but questionable date to the Order Bennettitales (UTrias-UCret) UTrias. References

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This index lists lithostratigraphic units discussed in text the appellation most often appearing in text is listed fol• and/or included in the stratigraphic-correlation diagrams in lowed by additional common usages. Consecutive page each of the Phanerozoic chapters. Stratigraphic nomen• numbering in this and subsequent indexes does not neces• clature follows standard usage; however, where several hi• sarily imply continuous discussion of a topic; rather, it may erarchical levels or descriptive terms are applied to a unit, signify the item's appearance in parts of the bracketed such as Formation vs. Group or Formation vs. Sandstone, pages.

Abbott Formation, 277, 283 Amherstburg Fonnation, 204, 210 Ashern Fonnation, 208 AbenWd Formation, 401, 437, 443 Amitsoq Gneiss, ll, 24-26 Ashley Fonnation, 530 Abo Formation, 276, 306-307, 389 Ammonoosuc Volcanics, 161-163 Ashokan Fonnation, 235 Abrams Mica Schist, 249 Amsden Fonnation, 226, 229, 276, 289, 353 Ashville Fonnation, 414 Absaroka Volcanics, 586 Anacacho Limestone, 460 Asiak Fonnation, 63 Acadia Park Fonnation, 459 Anahuac Shale, 556 Aspen Shale, 414-415, 417 AcatimFonnation,450 Ancient Wall Complex, 249 Assismnce Formation, 277, 375 Ada Formation, 277, 342 Animas Fonnation, 427, 430, 532 Atco Chalk, 460 Adams Argillite, 123 Animikie Group, 43, 46-48, 96 Athabasca Fonnation, 60, 67 Adaville Formation, 420 Ankareh Fonnation (Group), 276, 316-317 Atlyn Limestone, 80 Admire Group (Formation), 303, 305, 312 Annona Chalk, 461-462 Atoka Facies, 277, 336 Adolphus Fonnation, 112 Antelope Valley Limestone, 141 Atoka Fonnation, 285, 294, 336 Agate Springs Formation, 541 Antes Shale, 146 Auburn Dolomite, Australia, 97 Agua Nueva Formation, 401, 460 Antiemm Quartzite, 90, 113 Audhild Fonnation, 372 Aiken an der Mosel, Gennany, 201 Antler Peak Limestone, 276, 355 Aura Fonnation, 176 Ajax Limestone, 108 Antoinette Fonnation, 371 Aurora Limestone, 401 Akaitcho Group, 61, 63, 65 , 205, 213, 219, 237 Austin Chalk, 401, 407, 459-460, 496 Akron Dolomite, 153 Apache Canyon Fonnation, 410 Austin Glen Member, 163-164 Alachua Fonnation, 560 Apache Group, 83-84 Aux Vases Sandstone, 204, 226 Alapah Limestone, 205, 258, 370 Aplington Fonnation, 204 Avon Park Limestone, 530, 550 Albemarle Group, 108, 140 Aquia Fonnation, 530, 544 Awingak Formation, 401, 481 Alberta Shale Group, 401, 419 Arachist Fonnation, 359 Ayles Formation, 173 Alcova Limestone Member, 276, 316-318 , 400, 429 Aztec Sandstone, 367 Alder Group, 79 Arbuckle Group, 124, 244 Aldridge Formation, 82 Arcola Limestone Member, 456-457 Baccaro Member, 401 Allamoore Formation, 71 Arctomys Fonnation, 112, 120 Backbone Fonnation, 204, 208 Allegheny Group, 277, 300 Arcturas Group, 276, 292, 305, 355 Bad Heart Formation, 420 Allen Bay Fonnation, 171 Argo Salt, 350, 436 Bad River Dolomite, 47 Allen Ridge Fonnation, 427 Arikaree Group, 530, 541-542 , 140, 207 Almond Fonnation, 427 Arisaig Group, 140 Baird Fonnation, 358 Alsen Formation, 140 Arkadelphia Marl, 462 Baker Hill Fonnation, 530 Alnuas Fonnation, 610 Arkansas Novaculite, 141, 205, 246 Bakken Fonnation, 204, 218 Alum Bluff Group, 530, 559 Armurchee Chert, 205 Balaklala Rhyolite, 249 Amchitka Fonnation, 587 Arnheim Limestone, 140, 146 Bald Eagle Sandstone, 166 Amelia Dolomite, West Australia, 96 Artesia Group, 276, 311 Baldwin Fonnation, 204 Ameralik dikes, 25 Arundel Fonnation, 401, 444 Baltimore Gneiss, 71,92 AmetoFormation,59 Ashcroft Formation, 472 BanburY Basalt, 610 689 690 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX

Banded Member (), 399 Benwood Limestone, 301 Borup Fiord Formation, 277, 371,481 Banff Formation, 204, 219 Berea Sandstone, 204, 219, 238 Boss Point Formation, 277 Bangor Limestone, 205, 241-242 Berino Formation, 276 Bossardville Limestone, 140, 167 Bannock Volcanic Member, 86 Berkeley Formation, 608 Bossier Formation, 401, 439 Banquereau Formation, 444, 450 Bernice Formation, 276 Boulder Creek Granite, 78 Bar River Formation, 44 Bertie Waterlime, 140, 153 Bouldin Member, 459 Baraga Group, 47-48 Formation, 218 Boundary Ridge Member, 400 Barnwell Formation (Group), 549 Bidahochi Formation, 543 Bow Island Sandstone Member, 414 Barril Viejos Formation, 449 Big Branch Gneiss, 71 , 165 Barron Quartzite, 50 Big Cottonwood Formation, 82 Bowes Member, 399 Barstow Formation, 600 Big Fork Chert, 141,245 Boxer Formation, 400 Bashi Marl, 530, 550 Big House Chalk, 460 Boyne Member, 420, 428 Basleo Formation, Timor, N.E.!., 380 Big Snowy Formation, 204, 226, 229 Bradore Formation, 113 Bass Island Limestone, 153 Big Spencer Formation, 231 Bragdon Formation, 252 Bass Limestone, 83 Big Stone Gap Member, 205 Brahma Schist, 78 Bastion Formation, 112 Bigby Limestone, 140 Braintree Formation, 122 Bastion Ridge Formation, 401 Bighorn Dolomite, 146 , 205 Bateau Formation, 91-92 Bird Bear Member, 204-205 Brandywine Formation, 560 Batesland Formation, 543 Bird Fjord Formation, 256 Brassfield Limestone, 140, 148, 166 Batesville Sandstone, 228 Bird Springs Group, 289, 296, 305, 353 Brayman Shale, 140 , 276, 353 Bisbee Group, 409-410, 427-428 Brazer Dolomite, 224, 253 Baumann Fjord Formation, 171 Bishop Formation, 542 , 283 Bay Fjord Formation, 171 Bishops Cap Formation, 276 Breathitt Formation, 300 Bay of Pillars Formation, 178 Bissett Conglomerate, 276 Brereton Formation, 296-297 Bayfield Formation, 52 Bitter Springs Formation, Australia, 97 Brewer Bend Limestone Member, 331 , 205, 225 Biwab~ Formation, 46-47 Briarcliff Dolomite, 116 , 140, 165-166,229 Bjorne Formation, 277, 375 Bridge River Formation, 369 Beacon Hill Formation, 560, 562 Blaa Mountain Formation, 277, 375 Bridgeboro Limestone, 530 Bear Bluff Formation, 530 Black Creek Formation, 453 Bridger (Uinta) Formation, 534, 537, 586, Bear Gulch Limestone, 198 Black Dyke Formation, 357, 359-360 639,641 Bear Point Formation, 112, 171 Black Lake Formation, 446 Bridger Creek Formation, 634 Bear River Formation, 400, 408 Black Mingo Formation, 530, 544, 549 Bridgeton Formation, 560, 562 Bear Rock Formation, 204, 208, 249 (Formation), 139-140, 154 Brigham Group, 86 Be~w Shale, 400-401, 423-427 , 139 Bright Angel Shale, 118 Beartooth Butte Formation, 204, 208 Blackhawk Formation, 427 Brightseat Formation, 530, 544 Beattie Limestone, 304 Blackleaf Formation, 414, 420 Brigus Formation, 113 Beaufort Formation, Artic Coastal Plain, 531, Blackstone Formation, 401 Britton Formation, 459 615-616 , 313-314 , 141, 244 Beaufort Formation, Atlantic Coastal Province, Blairmore Group, 401, 412-413, 417, 474, Broom Creek Group, 277 530,544 477 Browns Mountain Formation, 140 Beaumont Formation, 565 Blakeley Formation, 590 Browns Parle Formation, 542 Beaverdam Formation, 560 Blakely Sandstone, 124, 141 Brownstone Marl, 460, 462 Beaverhead Conglomerate, 528, 537 Blalock Sandstone, 141,245 Bruce Creek Member, 530 Group, 204, 218 Blind Fiord Formation, 277, 375 Bruce Formation, 44 Bechler Conglomerate, 400 Bliss Sandstone, 124 Bruceville Chalk Marl, 460 Beck Springs Dolomite, 83, 87-88, 96 Blockhouse Formation, 140, 165 , 530, 539-541 Beckers Butte Sandstone, 213 Bloomsburg Redbeds, 140, 167 Brunswick Formation, 346 Beckwith Formation, 408 Blow-Me-Down Formation, 161 Brushy Basin Shale Member, 404 Becraft Formation, 140 Bloyd Shale, 284 Brushy Canyon Formation, 276, 310 Bedford Shale, 204, 219, 238 Blue Fjord Formation, 205, 254 Bryn Mawr Formation, 560 Beech Gneiss, 71 Bluebell Dolomite, 204 Buccatuna Clay Member, 530, 556 Beechhill Cove Formation, 140 Bluebird Dolomite, 112 Buck Tongue Member, 427 (Formation), 113, 124 Bluebonnet Member, 459 Buckinghorse Formation, 413 Begern Shale Member, 313 , 205 Buckner Formation, 401, 439 Belcher Channel Formation, 277, 371, 375 , 205 Buckrange Formation, 461 Belcher Conglomerate (Group), 55, 96, 408 Bluffport Marl Member, 456 Buckskin Mountain Formation, 355 Belden Formation, 292-293 Blufftown Formation, 401, 456-457 Buda Limestone, 401, 450, 459 Belgrade Formation, 530 , 204, 208, 210 Bulawayan Group, Zimbabwe, 9, 19, 95 Bell Canyon Formation, 276, 310-311 Bois d' Arc Formation, 141,244 Bully Hill Rhyolite, 358-360 Bell Island Sandstone, 113 Boissevan Formation, 428, 431 Bump Nose Limestone, 530 Bell Springs Member, 318 Bonanza King Formation, 112 Bungle Bungle Group, Australia, 96 Belle Fourche Shale, 400; see also Graneros Bonavista Formation, 113 Burditt Chalk Marl, 460 Shale , 277, 298 Burgess Shale, 100, 120-121, 132-133, 196, Bellevue Formation, 140 Bone Spring Limestone, 276, 310 378 Bellwood Dolomite, 140 Bone Valley Formation, 560 Burgoon Formation (Sandstone), 205, 240 Belly River Formation, 401, 419, 423, 507, Bonneterre Dolomite, 113 , 204, 223 572 Boone Formation, 219, 226 Burrow Canyon Formation, 409 Belt Supergroup (Series), 75, 80, 82-84, 87, Bootlegger Member, 414 Bursum Formation, 306-307 97, 109 Boquillas Flagstone, 459 Butano Sandstone, 531, 579 Bentley Terrace Formation, 565 Borden Formation, 204, 222-223, 239, 253 Butterfly Dolomite, 113 (Group), 400, 417, 421 Borden Island Formation, 277, 480 Byers Canyon Formation, 276, 363 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 691

Byram Formation, 530, 555-556 Castle Rock Conglomerate, 531, 540, 591 Choptank Formation, 530, 558 Byron Dolomite, 140 Castlegate Sandstone, 422, 427 , 204, 219 Catahoula Formation, 530, 555-556, 559 Christie Bay Group, 66 Caballos Novaculite, 246 Cataract Group, 140 Christopher Formation, 401, 482 Cabaniss Group, 277, 297, 341-342 Catcher's Pond Formation, 161 Christopher Island Formation, 59 , 148, 166 Cathedral Bluffs Tongue Member, 534 Chuar Group, 83 Cache Creek Fonnation, 359, 369, 464, 471 Cathedral Dolomite, 120 Chuckanut Formation, 582 Caddell Fonnation, 553 Cathedral Mountain Formation, 344 Chugwater Group (Formation), 276, 312, 316- Caddy Canyon Quartzite, 86 Catheys Formation, 140 318, 321 Cadiz Formation, 112 Catoctin Greenstone, 89, 91-92, 168 Chukotat Group, 55 Cajon Formation, 600 Catskill Formation (Group), 205, 236 Chunge Formation, 419 Calaveras Formation, 356, 358, 361, 365 Cattaraugus Fonnation, 205 Churchill River Fonnation, 146 Caldwell Group, 92 Cedar Hills Sandstone, 313 Cinco de Mayo seismic-stratigraphic unit, 440 Callville Limestone, 289, 296, 305-306, 353 Cedar Keys Limestone, 530, 545 Cintura Formation, 410 Caloosahatchee Marl, 560 Cedar Mesa Member (Formation), 306, 318 Cisco Group, 277, 308, 342 Caloso Member, 224 , 400, 409 , 530, 560 Calvert Beach Formation, 530 Cedar Valley Formation, 204, 212 Claggett Shale, 400, 416, 423, 426, 428 Calvert Formation, 530, 558 Cedarville Dolomite, 140 Claiborne Group, 530 Cameron Bay Group, 64 Centaur Formation, 412 Clan Alpine. sequence, 276, 363 Camillus Formation, 140 Centerville Shale, 140, 148 Claremont Formation, 277 Camp Nelson Limestone, 139-140 , 530, 537, 539 Clarendon Springs Formation, 113, 116 Campeche seismic-stratigraphic unit, 440 Chaffee Formation, 213 Clarenville Shale, 113 Canadaway Group, 205 Chainman Shale, 204, 252-253 Clarion Formation, 300 Canajoharie Shale, 140, 165 Challenger seismic-stratigraphic unit, 438- Clarita Formation, 244 Candelaria Fonnation, 355, 360 440,448 Clarno Formation, 531-586 Cane River Formation, 553 Challis volcanics, 586 Claron Formation, 534 Cannon Limestone, 140 Chamberlain Shale, 80 , 530, 544-545 Cannonball Formation, 529, 532-533 Chamberlin's Creek Formation, 113 , 204, 208 Canol Formation, 218 Chandler Formation, 401, 484 Clear Fork Group, 277, 313, 344, 388 Cantua Sandstone, 579 Chapel Island Formation, 107 Clearwater Fonnation, 412 Canyon Fiord Formation, 277, 375 Chapin Formation, 204 , 261 Canyon Formation, 112 Charles Formation, 204, 225-226 Cliff House Formation, 426 Canyon Group, 277, 308, 342-343 Charleston Group, 277, 300 Clinch Sandstone, 140, 147, 166 Canyon Springs Member, 400 Charlton Bay Formation, 66 Clinton Group, 140, 166 Cape Calhoun Formation, 112 Charlton Fonnation, 560 Cloice Member, 459 Cape Clay Formation, 112 Charnian Beds, Leicester, England, 108 Clore Limestone, 204 Cape Columbia Complex, 171 Chase Group, 303, 305, 312 Cloud Chief Formation, 313 Cape Discovery Formation, 173 Chatham sequence, 562 Cloverly Formation, 400, 409 Cape Fear Formation, 401, 453 Chattahoochee facies, 530, 558 Cloyd Conglomerate, 238 Cape Kovy Formation, 107 Chattanooga Shale, 205, 213, 229, 237, 244, Coahuila Series, 407 Cape May Formation, 563 297,325 Coast Plutonic Complex, 394 Cape Phillips Formation, 172 Chaumont Formation, 140 Cobalt Group, 44 Cape Rawson Group, 141, 255, 257 Chazy Group, 143-145 Cobleskill Limestone, 140 Cape Schuchert Formation, 141 Chelmsford Formation, 48 Coboug Formation, 140 Cape Tyson Formation, 141 "Chemung" Formation, 205 Coburn Limestone, 145 Cape , 112 Chepultepec Dolomite, 113 Cochran Sandstone, 91, 107, 113 Cape Webster Formation, 141 Cherokee Group, 277, 297, 341 Cochrane Limestone, 148, 244 Cape Wood Formation, 171 Cherry Canyon Formation, 276, 310-311 Cockeysville Marble, 92 Capitan Limestone, 276, 378 Chesapeake Group, 558 Coconino Sandstone, 276, 318-319 (Group), 277, 298, 378 Cheshire Formation, 113 Cody Shale, 417, 421 Card Fonnation, 141 Chetang Formation, 112 Coeymans Limestone, 140, 153-154 Cardenas Lavas, 83-84 Cheyenne Sandstone, 400, 410, 412 Coffee Creek Formation, 252 , 401, 420 Chibougamau Group, 69 Coffee Sand, 456-457 , 400, 417-421 Chickachoc Chert, 333 Cohansey Sand,' 558-560 Carlisle Center Formation, 205, 230 Chickahomioy Formation, 530 Coker Formation, 455-456 Carlsbad Limestone, see Artesia Group Chickaloon Formation, 569, 587 , 204, 222 Carmanah Formation, 592 Chickamauga Limestone (Group), 139, 145, Cole Canyon Dolomite, 112 Carmel Formation, 399-400 165 Collier Shale, 124, 244 Carrizo Mountain Group, 71 Chickasaw Creek Formation, 246 (Formation), 400, 407, 414- Carrizo Sand, 530, 553 Chickasawhay Formation, 530, 554-555 415,417-422,428 Carsonville Granite, 71 Chico Formation, 466 Columbia Formation, 530 Carswell Formation, 60 Chilhowee Group, 88, 90-93, 104, 107, 113 Columbia River Basalt Group, 531, 585, 603, Carters Limestone, 140, 143-144 Chilliwack Group, 149, 358 605 Casseyville Formation, 277, 283 Chimneyhill Limestone, 141, 148 Columbiana Limestone, 300 Casper Formation, 297, 304, 314 Chinitna Formation, 401, 480 , 230 Cass Fjord Fonnation, 112 Chinle Formation, 276, 312, 318, 320, 322, Colville Group, 401 Cassa Group, 277, 313 397 Comanche Peak Limestone, 450 , 300 Chisolm Shale, 112 Comanche Series, 407 Castile Formation, 276, 312 Chocolay Group, 47-49 Comfort Member, 530 Castle Hayne Limestone, 453, 530, 549-550 Choctawhatchee Formation, 530, 559 Comox Group, 478 Castle Reef Dolomite, 224 Chopawamsic Formation, 158 (Formation), 113, 116, 134 692 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX

Conception Group, 107, 113 Dawson Canyon Shale, 401, 444, 450 Duncan Sandstone, 313 Cone Member, 420 Day Creek Formation, 314 Dundee Formation, 204, 212 Conejos Formation, 591 Day Point Limestone, 139, 143 Dunham Dolomite, 113, 1I5-1I6 , 277, 300-301 Dayton Dolomite, 140 , 277, 301-302,324,330 Congaree Formation, 530 De Chelly Sandstone Member 318-319 , 419 Conneaut Group, 205 , 124, 199 Duperow Formation, 204, 218 Connoquenessing Sandstone, 281 Dean Sandstone, 309 Duplin Marl, 530, 558-559 Conococheague Group, 113, 116 Dearborn Limestone, 1I8 Dutch Creek Sandstone, 204, 210 Conshohocton Dike, 349 Decathlon Formation, 141 Dutch Peak Formation, 86 Cook Mountain Formation, 530, 553 Deep Lake Group, 77 Dwyka Tillite, South Africa, 272 Cooking Lake Limestone, 218 Deep River Formation, 530 Dyer Canyon Formation, 276, 363 Cool Creek Formation, 113 Deep Springs Formation, 110 Coon Creek Formation, 458 Deepkill Shale, 113 Eagle Creek Formation, 531 Cooper Marl, 530, 555 Bay Formation, 401,481 , 401, 455, 459-460 Coosawhatchee Clay, 530 Deese Group (Formation), 294, 342 Eagle Mills Formation, 351, 438 Copenhagen Formation, 141 Degerbols Formation, 277, 375 Eagle Sandstone, 400, 416, 419, 423, 426, Copes Bay Formation, 112, 171 Degonia Sandstone, 204 428,441 Copley Greenstone, 249 Dekkas Formation, 358-360 Earp Formation, 289, 306-307 Copper Harbor Formation, 50 Del Rio Formation, 401, 450 Formation, 428, 431 Copper Ridge Dolonute, 113, 116 Delaware Creek Shale, 205 Eastover Formation, 530 Coppercliff Formation, 43-44 Delaware Mountain Group, 310-311 (Member), 1I2-113, Coppermine River Group, 67-68 Delorme Dolomite, 176 122 Corbin Gneiss, 71 Demopolis Chalk, 401, 456-458 Echo Bay Group, 64 Corbin Ranch Formation, 244 Denay Limestone, 204, 249 Echooka Member, 277, 374 Cornfield Springs Formation, 112 , 400, 429-430, 528, 531, Economy Formation, 140 Cornwallis Formation, 171 637 Eden Group, 140, 146 Coronation Supergroup, 61 Depass Formation, 1I8 Edgewood Limestone, 140, 148 Corry Formation, 205 Descon Formation, 124, 178 ~nburgh Formation, 166 Corryville Formation, 140 Deseret Limestone, 224, 252 ~sto Formation, 530 Corsicana Marl, 461-462 Dessau Chalk, 460 Edmonton Formation, 401, 428 Cortina Formation, 400 , 204, 210, 230 Edna Mountain Formation, 276, 355 Cotter Formation, 113 Devil's Gate Limestone, 204, 249 Edwards Limestone, 401, 450 Cotton Valley Group, 401, 439 Devil's Glen Dolomite, 1I8 Effingham sequence, 562 Cottonwood Member, 253 Devil's Hole Formation, 543 Eids Formation, 205, 254 Council Grove Group, 303-305, 312 Devils River Limestone, 450 EI Abra Formation, 450 Cow Branch Formation, 346-348 Dewey Lake Formation, 276, 312 EI Capitan Granite, 467 Cow Head Breccia, 117, 124 Dexter Sand, 459 EI Paso Group (Formation), 124 Cowles Formation, 63, 66 Dharwar System, India, 9 El Reno Group, 277, 313 Crab Orchard Mountains Group, 277 Diablo Formation, 355 Elbrook Dolomite, 113, 116 Cranberry Gneiss, 71, 90 Diamond Creek Formation, 252, 276 Elder Sandstone, 177-178 Creighton Granite, 49 Diamond Peak Formation, 204, 253, 352 Eldon Dolomite, 120 Crescent Formation, 582 Difunta Formation, 461-462 Eleana Formation, 252 Cross Member, 530 Dimple Limestone, 276, 334 Eleanor River Formation, 171 Crown Point Limestone, 143-144 Dinosaur Canyon Member, 322-323 Eleonore Bay Group, 167 Crystal Mountain Sandstone, 124, 244 Dinwoody Formation, 276, 316-317, 321 Canyon Member, 306 Crystal River Formation, 550 Disappointment Bay Formation, 254 , 204, 249 Crystal Springs Formation, 83, 87-88 Dismal Lakes Group, 67 Elkhorn Formation, 140 Cuesta del Cura Formation, 401 Dixon Limestone, 140 Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics, 422-424, 428 Cumberland Formation, 277 DockendorlFormation, 231 Elko Formation, 531, 586 Cumnock Coal, 277, 346, 348 Dockum Group, 276-277, 312, 314, 509 Ella Island Formation, 112 Cupido Formation, 401, 449 Dog Creek Shale, 313 Ellenberger Formation (Group), 124 Curlew Limestone Member, 283 Dolomite Point Formation, 112 Ellensburgh Formation, 531, 610 Current Creek Formation, 532 Dome Limestone, 112 Ellesmere Group, 107, 1I2, 123, 171,257 , 400, 402, 404 Don Formation, 628 Elliot Lake Group, 43-44 Cusseta Sand, 401, 456-458 Dornick Hills Group (Formation), 294, 308 Elliott Cove Group, 113 , 205 Doublet Group, 52 , 204, 219 , 306, 318-319 Douglas Group, 277, 303 Ely Limestone, 204, 276, 289, 296, 305-306, Cutler Granite, 49 Douglass Creek Member, 531 353 Cuyahoga Group, 205 Dox Sandstone, 83, 84 Ely Springs Formation, 175-176 Conglomerate, 540, 542 Draney Limestone, 400, 408 Eminence Dolomite, 113 Dresbach Formation (Group), 104, 122 Emma Fiord Formation, 371 Dagmar Dolomite, 112 Drill Formation, 62 Engadine Dolomite, 140 Dakota Sandstone (Group), 400, 408, 415- Dripping Springs Quartzite, 83 English River Sandstone, 204, 219 417,421 Dry Branch Formation, 549 Englishtown Formation, 452 Dale Canyon Formation, 204 Dubawnt Group, 59 , 400, 401-402 Dalles Formation, 531 Dubois Greenstone, 78 Entrance Conglomerate, 531 Daly Lake Group, 58 Duchesne River Formation, 531, 536-537, Eolus Granite, 79 Danby Formation, 1I3, 1I6 539,541 Ephraim Conglomerate, 400, 408 Darwin Sandstone Member, 229 Duhamel Formation, 65 Epworth Group, 68 Dawson , 531 Duluth Gabbro, 51 Eqalulik Group, 60-62, 64-65 Dawson Bay Formation, 204, 212 Dun Glen Formation, 276 Ervay Formation, 315 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 693

Erving Formation, 231 Fort Nelson Conglomerare, 414 Gentry Coal Member, 283 ~enreFormation, 587, 592 , 204-205, 223, 239, Georgetown Limestone, 401, 450 Escambia Member, 530 253 Gering Formation, 541 Escondido Formation, 462 Fort SUI Limestone, 113 Gersrer Formation, 320 Esopus Shale, 204, 229 Fort SI. lohns Group, 412-415 , 412 Espanola Fonnation, 44 (Group), 429, 528-532, Gibralter Formation, 66 Espiritu Santo Formation, 224 534, 633, 637 Gila Formation, 609 Essayoo Formation, 374 Forteau Formation, 113, 115 Gile Mountain Formation, 231, 233 Et-then Group, 67 Fortescue Group, West Australia, 95 Gilson Dolomire, 249 Etchegoin Formation, 608 Fortin Formation, 233 Creek Member, 400 Ethrington Formation, 204, 229 Fortress Mountain Formation, 401, 484 Gizzard Group (Formation), 205, 277 Eugene Formation, 590 , 276, 293-294, 303, 305 Glance Conglomerare, 410 Euphemia Dolomire, 140 Fourmile Canyon Formation, 177-178 Glen Canyon Group, 276, 322-323 Eureka Quartzire, 124, 141, 175-176 Fox Hills Sandstone, 400, 416, 424-427, 429, Glen Park Limestone, 204 Eureka Sound Formation, 482, 531, 612 431 , 401, 449-450 Eurydice Formation, 350 Fox River Sill, 56 Glendo Shale, 277, 314-315 Eutaw Formation, 401, 453, 456-457 Francis Creek Shale Member, 378-379 Glendon Formation, 530, 555-556 Evacuation Creek Member, 531 Franciscan Sequence, 394, 400, 462, 464- Glennon Limestone Member, 313 Evington Group, 90 466, 469, 565, 567 , 300 Exshaw Shale, 204, 218, 253 (Group), 113, 122 , 140 Eye of Needle Limestone, 119 Frankfort Shale, 140 Glorietta Sandstone, 313 Franklin Bluffs Member, 531 Goat Seep Limestone, 276, 311 Fairhaven Member, 530, 558 Franklin Granire, 237 Goddard Formation, 205 Fairmount Formation, 140 Franklin Mountain Dolomire, 124 Gog Group, 117, 120 Falcon Limestone Member, 313 Franson Member, 316 Gold Hill Greenstone, 78 Fall River Sandstone, 414, 417 Freda Formation, 50 Gold Range Formation, 366 Farista Formation, 540 Fredericksburg Group, 450 Golf Course Formation, 277 Favel Formation, 419 Freeport Formation, 300 Goliad Formation, 561 Fayetre Group, 553 Freezeout Shale, 277, 314 Gonioceras Bay Formation, 141 Fayetreville Shale, 227 Fremont Limestone, 141, 146 Goodhue Formation, 358 Ferdig Member, 420 French River Formation, 140 Goodland Formation, 401 Ferdinand Limestone Member, 283 , 430-431 Goodwin Formation, 124 Fern Glen Formation, 223 Frio Clay, 530, 556 Goon Dip Greenstone, 475 (Group), 401, 406, 473 Frio Formation, 556 Goose Egg Formation, 315-316 Femvale Limestone, 141, 146,244 Frisco Formation, 141,244 Gordo Formation, 455-456 Ferry Lake Anhydrire, 401, 446, 449-450 Frog Mountain Sandstone, 205, 230 Gordon Lake Formation, 44 Fife Peak Formation, 531, 595 Frontenac Formation, 231, 233 Gordon Shale, 118 Fig Tree Series (Group), South Africa, 9, 17, Frontier Formation, 400, 417, 420-421 Gorge Formation, 117 19-20,95 Frood Formation, 43-44 Gosport Sand, 552-553 Fillmore Formation, 124 Fruitland Formation, 427, 430, 530 Gossage Formation, 254 Finger Bay Volcanics, 587 Ft. Preston Member, 530 Gowganda Formation, 44-46 First Wbire-Speclded Shale (Colorado Group), Fulda Limestone Member, 283 Grainger Formation, 205, 238-239 419-420 Fulton Formation, 140 Grand Canyon Supergroup, 82, 87-88 Fish Haven Dolomire, 141, 175-176 Fumaceville Hematire, 150 Grand Pitch Formation, 161 Fish Scale Marker (Colorado Group), 419 Fusselman Formation, 148 Grand Rapids Formation, 413 Fisher Quartz Latire, 591 , 284, 298 Fishpot Limestone, 301 Galena Dolomire, 140, 145 , 204, 210 Fitchville Formation, 204 Galeros Formation, 83 Grande Ronde Basalt, 531 Flagstaff Limestone, 531-532, 534 Galesville Formation (Member), 113, 122 Grandeur Member, 304 Flathead Sandstone, 104, 112, 117 Galice Formation, 400, 464 Grandfather Mountain Formation, 90 Flaxville Gravel, 530, 542 Galisto Formation, 537 Grandstand Formation, 401, 484 Fleming Formation, 559 Gallery Formation, Graneros (Belle Fourche) Shale, 400, 417, Fleur de Lys Supergroup, 91-92 Gammon Shale (Ferruginous Shale Member), 419-421 Flinton Group, 72 423,426 Grant Land Formation, 171, 173 Flood Member, 414 Gannett Group, 400, 408 Graphire Sysrem, Malagasy, 25 Florena Shale Member, 304 Gaptank Formation, 276, 342 Grass Valley Formation, 276, 366 Florissant Lake Beds, 531, 541, 591, 631, 634 Gardar Formation, 40 Grassy Flat Formation, 141 Flournoy Formation, 583 Garden City Limestone, 112 , 204, 207-208 Floweree Member, 420 Garden Gulch Member, 531 Grayson Formation, 450 Flowerpot Shale, 313-314 , 204 Grayson Granodiorire, 71 Floyd Shale, 205, 240-241, 248 Gardison Limestone, 204 Great Blue Limestone, 204, 253 Flume Formation, 218 Garta Grit Member, 276 Great Island Group, 58 Fon du Lac Formation, 52 Gasconade Formation, 113 Great Smokey Group, 90 Fontano Formation, 63 Gastropod Limestone, 400 Great Valley Sequence, 394,400,462,464, Forelle Limestone, 277, 314-315 Gatchell Sandstone, 579 466,565 Forest Hill Formation, 556 Gatesburg Dolomite, 116 Green Mountains Formation, 78 Fort Apache Limestone Member, 318 Gaviota Formation, 588 Green River Formation, 133,531-532, 534- Fort Critrenden Formation, 428 Gazelle Formation, 178 537,633,639,640 Fort Dodge Gypsum, 406 Geluk Subgroup, 17-20,29 Greenbriar Limestone, 205, 240-241 Fort Hays Limestone Member, 419 Genesse Group, 205 Greene Formation, 277, 302 Fort , 530 Geneva Dolomite, 204, 210 , 400, 415-417, 419,422 694 STRATIGRAPlnC INDEX

Grenville Supergroup, 68, 70, 72 Henryhouse Fonnation, 244-245 Ilivertalik Granite, 27 Greybull Shale, 400 Hepburn Batholith, 63 Illion Shale, 149 Grimsby Sandstone, 140, 147 Herendeen Limestone, 480 Imina Formation, 141, 173 Griper Bay Fonnation, 205, 256 Herkimer Limestone, 112 Imnaha Basalt, 531, 603 Gubik Fonnation, 531, 616 Herkimer Sandstone, 140 Imperial Shale, 218, 256 , 140 Hermit Shale, 276, 319 Independence Shale, 213, 359 Guilmette Fonnation, 204, 249 Hermitage Formation, 140 Indian Cave Member, 303 Gulf Series, 407 Hermon Group, 72 Indian Meadows Fonnation, 534 Gunflint Chert (Fonnation), 20,46-48, 95 , 292 Indian Springs Formation, 253 Guye Fonnation, 531 Hesquiat Fonnation, 587, 592 Indian Wells Fonnation, 531 Gypsum Springs Fonnation (Member), 397, Hesse Quartzite, 91, 107, 113 Indianola Group (Formation), 400, 417, 421, 399-400 Hidden Valley Dolomite, 176 464,468 Gypsy Quartzite, 85 High Cascades Group, 531, 610 Inglis Fonnation, 550 High Lake Fonnation, 141 Inkom Fonnation, 86 Haigler Group, 79 Higblandcroft Plutonic Series, 162 Inman Fonnation, 166 Hakatai Shale, 83 Highway Limestone, 353 Interlake Dolomite, 148 Hale Sandstone, 284, 331 Hiliard Limestone, 123 Inyan Kara Group, 409 Hamersley Group, West Australia, 95 Hillabee Greenstone, 158,240 Inyo Fonnation, 276 Hamill Group, 85 Hilliard Shale, 420-421 Irene Volcanics, 85-86 , 212, 235-236 Hindostan Whetstone beds 283 Ireton Fonnation, 204 Hampshire Fonnation, 204 Hindsville Limestone, 228 Irondequoit Limestone, 140 Hampton Fonnation, 219 Hinkley Formation, 52 Ironsbire Fonnation, 563 Handbills Coglomerate, 531 Hinton Fonnation, 205 Ironton Fonnation, 1I3 Hannibal Shale, 219 Hodgewater Group, 107 Iroquois Formation, 401, 436 Hanson Creek Fonnation, 141, 175-176 Hogan Formation, 296, 353 Irwinton Sand, 549 Hanson Fonnation, 419 Holland Patent Fonnation, 140 Isachsen Fonnation, 401, 481 Happy Creek volcanic series, 357, 359-360 Holston Limestone, 139-140, 143-144 Isua Supracrustal Belt, 25, 28, 31 Haragan Fonnation, 141, 244 Holyrood Plutonic Group, 231 Ivishak Member, 277, 374-375 Harbour Main Group, 231 Honaker Dolomite, 113 , 139, 141, 199 Honey Creek Formation, 13 Jacalitos Fonnation, 608 Hare Fiord Fonnation, 277, 372-373 Hooggenoeg Formation, 19 Jack Valley Fonnation, 141 Hare Indian Fonnation, 212, 249 Hornby Bay Group, 67-68 Jackass Mountain Group, 474 Harlan Sandstone, 300 Hornby Channel Fonnation, 65 Jackfort Group, 334, 336, 338 Harleville Fonnation, 530 Homerstown Sand, 544 Jackson Bluff Formation, 530, 559 Harmony Fonnation, 120, 177 Horquilla Fonnation, 289, 306-307 Jackson Fonnation, 530 Harper Sandstone, 313 Horse Springs Formation, 531 Jacobsville Fonnation, 51-52 Harpers Fonnation, 90, 113 Horsethief Creek Fonnation, 85-86 Jaeger Fonnation, 480 , 205 HorsethiefFonnation, 425, 427 James City Fonnation, 530, 560 , 225 Horsetown Fonnation, 466 James Fonnation, 401, 449 Harrogate Fonnation, 249 Horton Group, 242 Janssen Mamber, 408 Harts Pass Group, 474 Hosston Formation, 445, 448-449 Java Group, 205 Hartselle Sandstone, 205, 242 Hotauta Conglomerate, 83 Jeff Davis Granite, 71 Hartville Formation, 297, 304, 314 Hough Lake Group, 44 Jefferson City Fonnation, 113 Hassel Formation, 401, 482 Howell Limestone, 112 Jefferson Fonnation, 204, 248 Hatch Hill Formation, 117 Hoxbar Group (Fonnation), 294, 342 , 210, 230 Hatchetigbee Formation, 530, 546, 550 Hoyt Canyon Formation, 276 Jerome Fonnation, 213 Hattiesburg Clay, 530, 559 Hozameen Group, 471 Joana Limestone, 204, 252 Havallah Fonnation, 276, 356, 359-361, 363, Hualpai Fonnation, 531 John Day Fonnation, 531, 591 365 Huckleberry Fonnation, 85 Johnnie Fonnation, 1I2 Hawthorn Fonnation, 530, 558-559 Hueco Limestone, 276, 306-307, 309 Johns Valley Shale, 284, 334, 338 Haymond Fonnation, 276, 334, 336, 342 Hulett Sandstone Member, 400 Joins Fonnation, 141, 244 Haystacks Mountains Formation, 427 Humber Arm Group, 117 , 414 Hazel Fonnation, 71 Humbolt Formation, 531, 601 Joliet Dolomite, 140 Hazelton Group, 471 Humbug Formation, 204 Joliff Limestone, 332 Hazen Fonnation, 141, 171-173 Hume Formation, 212, 249 Jonah Limestone, 460 Head Member, 139 Hunt Fork Shale, 205, 256 Jones Ridge Limestone, 123 Heath Fonnation, 204 , 205, 208, 230 , 112 Hecla Bay Fonnation, 204, 256 Huntley Mountain Fonnation, 237 Josephine Ophiolite, 464 Heiberg Fonnation, 277, 375 Hunton Group, 141 , 400, 423, 426, 428, Helderberg Limestone (Group), 140, 153-154, Huronian Supergroup, 40, 43-44, 68 507 167 ' Hurwitz Group, 59 Juniata Fonnation, 140, 146-147, 166,354 Helena Limestone, 82 Hygiene Sandstone Member, 426 Helenmode Fonnation, 91, 107, 113 Hyolithus Creek Fonnation, 112 Kagvik structural sequence, 369, 371 Hell Creek Fonnation, 400, 423, 430-431. Hyrum Dolomite, 249 Kabochella Group, 66 507,517,528-529 , 276, 304, 319-320 Hell's Creek Limestone, 139-140 Ibbett Bay Formation, 173, 255 Kakabeka Formation, 46 Hemingford Group, 530, 541-542 Idaho Group, 611 Kalgoorlie System, Australia, 9 Hemlock Conglomerate, 595 Idaho Springs Fonnation. 78 Kalkberg Fonnation, 153 "Hempfield"Shale, 205 Idavada Volcanics. 610 Kamishak Fonnation, 478 Hendricks Dolomite, 140 Ideal Quarry Limestone, 148 KamIoops Group, 586 Hennessey Shale, 277, 313 Ignek Formation, 482, 484 Kanawah Formation, 277, 280 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 695

Kanayut Conglomerate, 205, 256-257 Kokomo Dolomite, 140 Lime Creek Formation, 204 Kane Basin Formation, 112 Kootenay Formation, 400-401, 408, 414, 474, Limerick Greenstone, 358 Kangulc Formation, 401, 482, 612 477 Lincoln Creek Formation, 590 Kaniap~ Supeqpuup, 52-53, 69-70 Krebs Group, 277,297,336-337,340 Lincolnshlre Limestone, 139-140, 166 Kankakee Limestone, 140 Kreyenhagen Shale, 588 Lingle Formation, 204, 212 Kansas City Group, 277, 297 Kromberg Formation, 19 Lisbon Formation, 530, 552 Kap Washington Group, 482, 613 Kwagunt Formation, 83 Lisburne Group, 205, 257, 277, 369-371 Kapp Franklin Granite, 237 Lissie Formation, 565 Kara Bentonite Member, 426 La Boca Formation, 351 Little Butte Volcanic Series, 583, 590 Karmutsen Formation, 475 La Caja Formation, 439 Little Flat Formation, 252 Karoo Series, South Africa, 389 La Casita Formation, 401, 439 Little Saline Formation, 208 Kaskapu Formation, 420 La lolla Group, 578 Littleton Formation, 231, 233 Kaweah Serpentinite, 366-367 La loya Formation, 438 Livingston Creek Formation, 43, Kayak Shale, 205, 257 La Pena Formation, 401, 449-450 Livingston Formation, 204 , 276, 318, 322-323, 507, La Tuna Formation, 276 Llewellyn Formation, 300 515 La Virgen Formation, 449 Locatelli Formation, 531 Kazan Formation, 59 Laberge Assemblage, 472-473 Lockatong Formation, 277, 346-347 Keefer Sandstone, 140, 167 Ladner Group, 471-472 , 140, 148-149, 167 Keel Limestone, 148, 244 Ladron Member, 224 Lodgepole Limestone, 204, 219, 224-225 Keeler Canyon Formation, 276, 353, 355 Ladrones Limestone, 359 Logan Canyon Formation, 401, 444, 450 , 212 Lafayette Formation, 560 Logan Gulch Member, 204, 218 Keld Member, 419 Lagoda Formation, 400 Logtown Ridge Formation, 400, 464 Kelley Canyon Formation, 86 LaHood Formation, 80 Lomita Marl, 607 Kelley Limestone, 224 Lak Member, 400, 402 Lompico Sandstone, 531, 599 Kelvin Conglomerate, 408 Lake Ardmore Formation, 277 Lone Mountain Dolomite, 176-177 Kemmerer Coal Zone, 421, 462 Lake City Limestone, 530, 550, 552 Lone Wolf Formation, 112 Kemp Clay, 461 Lake Creek Member, 426 Longford Member, 412 Kennett Formation, 249 Lake Fork Formation, 591 Longview Dolomite, 113 Kent Island Formation, 563 Lake Murray Formation, 277 Lorraine Group, 140, 146 Keo River Formation, 204 Lake Waco Formation, 459 Lorraine Shale, 44-45 , 204, 223 Laketown Dolomite, 141, 176-177 Louann Salt, 401, 438, 440 Ketona Dolomite, 116 Lakota Formation, 409 Loudon Formation, 113 Kevin Member, 420 Lamar River Formation, 537 Loudoun Formation, 90 Kewanee Group, 277, 298 Lamotte Sandstone, 113 , 140 Keweenawan Supergroup, 50-52 Lance Formation, 400, 426, 429-430, 507, Lowville Formation, 140 Key Largo Limestone, 563-564 517, 528-529 Loyalhanna Limestone, 205, 240 Keyser Limestone, 140, 153 Laney Shale Member, 534-535 , 205, 210-211 Kiamichl Formation, 450 Lanoria Quartzite, 84 Ludlowville Formation, 205, 235 Kibbey Formation, 204, 450 Lansing Group, 277,297 Lukachukai Member, 322 Kikerk Formation, 63, 66 LaPorte City Chert, 208 Luning Formation, 362 Killik Tongue, 401 (Group), 400, 426, 428- Lush's Bright Group, 161 Kincaid Formation, 530 431,507,517 Lykins Formation, 313-314 Kindblade Formation, 113 Largato Clay, 530 Lyleton Formation, 218 Kinga Formation, 59 Latah Formation, 603 Lynchburg Formation, 90, 92 Kingak Shale, 277, 375,401,483 Laurel Limestone, 140 Lynx Group, 112 Kings River Ophlolite, 366-367 Lavender Shale Member, 205, 239 Lyons Sandstone, 293, 313 Kings Sequence, 366-367 Le Duc reefs, 204, 218 Lyre Formation, 587 Kingston Dolomite, 113 Lea Park Formation, 419, 428 Kingston Peak Formation, 83, 86, 88 Leadville Limestone (Dolomite), 224, 278 , 205, 240 Kinkaid Formation (Mississippian), 204 Leatham Formation, 253 Macks Formation, 560 Kinkaid Formation (Tertiary), 546 Lebanon Limestone, 140 Madera Formation, 276, 306 Kinnikinic Quartzite, 124, 141, 175 Lecompton Formation, 342 Madison Limestone (Group) 204, 219, 224- Kinzers Shale, 116 Ledger Dolomite, 116 225,253 Kiowa Shale, 400, 409-410, 412, 417 Lee Formation, 280 Magdalena Group, 276, 306 Kirkfield Limestone, 140 Leeds Creek Member, 400 Magothy Formation, 401, 452-453, 459 Kirkman Formation, 532 Lego Limestone, 140 Mahantago Formation, 205, 236 Kirkman Limestone, 276, 292 Leicester Pyrite, 190 Mahnomen Formation, 46 , 558 Leipers Limestone, 140, 146, 166 Mahogany Member, 276 Kirtland Shale, 427, 430 Lennep Formation, 425, 426 Mahto Formation, 112 Kisimilok Formation, 484 Lenoir Limestone, 139-140, 165 Maiden Point Formation, 91 Kittanning Formation, 300 Lenox Hills Formation, 344 Malene Supracrustals, 26 Kiawah Formation, 359 Leola Volcanics, 84, 86 Mammouth Coal, 300 Kline Member, 399 Leonard Formation, 276, 310 Manakacha Formation, 276 Kloftelv Formation, 112 Levis Limestone Conglomerate, 117 Manasquan Formation, 549 Kluziai Formation, 65 Lewis Shale, 400, 416, 421, 426-427 Mancos Shale, 400, 416-417, 419, 421, 426- Knife Lake Formation, 48 Lewisville Formation, 459 427,464 Knob Lake Group, 52 , 140, 145 Mandata Formation, 140 , 113, 116, 124 Libbey Creek Group, 77 Manistique Dolomite, 140 Knoxville Formation, 466 , 140 Manitou Formation, 112, 124 Knoydart Formation, 140 Liberty Hall Facies, 166 (Limestone), 140, 148 Koipato Group, 276, 358-359, 361 Lighthouse Cove Formation, 91-92 Manlius Formation, 140, 153-154 696 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX

Manning Canyon Shale, 204, 229, 253 McMurray Formation, 412 Monmouth Formation (Group), 452 Manning Formation, 553 McNairy Sand, 458 Monongahela Group, 277, 301-302 , 412-413, 417 McNaughton Formation, 112 Monroe Canyon Limestone, 253 , 283 McShan Formation, 456 Montagnais Group, 52 Manuelitas Formation, 226 Meagher Limestone, 112, 134 Montana Group, 400, 407, 416, 421-428 Manuels River (or Brook) Formation, 113, 122 Medicine Hat Sandstone, 420 Monteagle Limestone, 205, 239-240, 242 Mapel Hill Formation, 204 Medina Sandstone, 147 Monterey Formation, 531, 599 Maquoketa Shale, 140-141, 146, 166 Mehrten Formation, 595, 608 Montgomery Lake Group, 59 Marais River Formation, 417 Melville Island Group, 256 Montgomery Terrace Formation, 565 Maravillas Chert, 146 , 204 Montoya Limestone, 146 Marble Falls Limestone, 277, 307-308, 331, Mendez Shale, 401-461 , 9, 17, 19, 20, 23, 29 336 Mendon Group, 92 Moodys Branch Formation, 552-553 , 205, 235-236 , 427 Mooney Falls Member, 224, 226 March Point Formation, 113, 116 Menominee Group, 47-48 Moonstone Formation, 543 Marianna Formation, 530, 555 Merced Formation, 607 Moorefield Formation, 226 Marias River Shale, 420 Merchantville Formation, 452 , 401, 456-457 Mariposa Formation, 400-464 Meriden Formation, 346 Mooringsport Limestone, 449 MaJjum Formation, 112, 119 Meridian Sand, 552 Moran Formation, 309, 344 Marlboro Clay, 530, 544 Merriton Formation, 140 Morden Member, 420 Marlbrook Marl, 462 Mesaverde Group, 400, 419, 421-422, 426- Morita Formation, 410 Marmaton Group, 277, 297 427 Morrison Formation, 400,403-406,408-409, , 293, 320 Mescal Limestone, 83 504, 506-507 Marquette Range Supergroup, 43, 47-49 Metchosin Volcanics, 582 Morrow Group, 284, 294 , 204, 222 Methy Formation, 204, 212 Moscow Formation, 205, 235 Marshalltown Formation, 452 Mexican Ridges seismic-stratigraphic unit, 440 Mould Bay Formation, 481 Marsland Formation, 530 Meyers Lake Group, 58 Moultree Member, 530 Martin Formation, 60 Miami Limestone, 563-564 Mount Alexander Volcanics, 231 , 140, 146-147, 166, Mic Mac Formation, 401, 436 Mount April Limestone, 112 354 Miccosukee Formation, 530, 559-560 Mount Bayley Formation, 271, 371 Marvm Formation, 141, 173 Michigan Formation, 205, 225 Mount Celsius Series, 237 Maryville Limestone, 113, 116 Mictaw Formation, 161 Mount Head Formation, 204 Mascot Dolomite, 113 MiddendorlFormation,4Ol,453 Mount Kindle Formation, 176 Masefield Shale, 402 Middle Canyon Formation, 204 Mount Laurel Formation, 452 Massanutten Sandstone, 166-167 Middleborough Formation, 277 Mount Marion Formation, 235 Massett Formation, 569 Midway Group, 530, 532, 544-545, 633 Mount Roberts Formation, 357, 359 Matagamon Formation, 231 Miette Bank Complex, 249 Mount Rodgers Group, 71, 75 Matanuska Formation, 401, 480, 569 Miette Formation, 112 Mount Rogers Formation, 90, 92 Matawan Formation (Group), 401, 452 , 419, 428 Mount Selman Formation, 530, 553 Matinenda Formation, 43 Millboro Shale, 205, 236 Mount Simon Formation (Member), 112-113, Mattoon Formation, 277, 298, 302 Mille Lacs Supergroup (Group), 43, 47 122 (Group), 205, 240- Milligen Formation, 249 Mount Whyte Formation. 120 242,279 Mina Formation, 357, 359-360 Mowry Shale, 400, 409, 414-415, 417, 419, Maury Shale, 205 Mineral Fork Tillite, 401, 438 421 Max Patch Gneiss, 71 Mingo River Formation, 112 Moydart Formation, 140 , 240 Minisink Formation, 140 Moyers Formation, 205, 246 Maynardville Limestone, 113, 116 Minnekahta Limestone, 277, 313-314 Mrkebjerg Formation, 168 Mayo Group, 72 Minnelusa Formation. 277. 297. 304. 314 Mt. Auburn Formation, 140 Maysville Group, 140, 146 Mint Springs Formation, 555 Mt. Catherine Formation, 531 Mayville Dolomite, 140 , 293 Mt. Hope Formation, 140 Maywood Formation, 204, 213 Misaine Member, 40 Muav Limestone, 118 Mazam Shale, 124,244-245 Mission Argillite, 359 Mud Springs Canyon Formation, 276 McAdam Formation, 140 Mission Canyon Limestone, 204, 224-226, Muddy Creek Formation, 531, 609 McBean Formation, 549 253 Muddy Sandstone, 400 McBryde Member, 530 Missisauga Formation, 401, 444 Mural Formation, 112, 410 McCloud Limestone, 358 Mississagi Formation, 44 Murfreesboro Formation, 140 McColley Creek Formation, 141 Missoula Group, 82 Murphy Marble. 91 McCormick Group, 299, 277 Missouri Mountain Shale, 141, 245-246 Murray Shale, 91, 107, 110, 113 McCoy Creek Group, 86 Mistassini Group, 53, 68-69 Musgravetown Group, 107 McCraney Limestone, 204, 219 Mitten Black Shale Member, 426 Muskeg Formation, 204, 212 McCully Formation, 284-285 , 140, 165 Muskiki Formation, 420 McDermott Member, 427, 430 Moccasin Springs Formation, 153 Muskox mafic-ultramafic intrusion, 67 McElroy Formation, 553 Modesto Formation, 277, 298 Mutual Quartzite, 86, 106 McGowan Creek Formation, 204, 252 Moenave Formation, 276, 322-323, 397 Myrtle Springs Formation, Australia, 97 McGrath Gneiss, 49 Moenkopi Formation, 276, 316, 318, 320-322 McKenzie Formation, 140, 167 Moffett Creek Formation, 178 Nacatosh Sand, 461-462 McKenzie Hills Formation, 113 Mohawk Formation, 401 Naches Formation, 531 McKim Formation, 43-44 Mohican Formation, 401, 433 , 532, 637 McLeansboro Group, 277, 298-299, 302 Molas Formation, 278, 292 Naco Formation, 289 McLeod Formation, 66 Moleen Formation, 276, 353 Naheola Formation, 530, 545 McLish Formation, 141, 244 Monk Formation, 85 Naknek Formation, 401, 480 McMicken Formation, 140 Monkton Quartzite, 113, 115 Nanafalia Formation, 530, 546 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 697

Nanaimo Group, 478 Oak Grove Member, 530 Pachi Group, 55· , 530, 549 Oak Hill Fonnation, 91 Packsaddle Schist, 71 Nankoweap Fonnation (Group), 83, 109 Oakville Sandstone, 530, 559 Paddy Member, 414 Nansen Fonnation, 2TI, 371-373 Ocala Limestone (Group), 530, 549-550, 555, Padei Formation, 59 Nanuk Formation, 255-256 633 Page Sandstone, 399-400 Nanushuk Group, 401, 484 Ocheleta Group, 277, 297 Pagoda Limestone, 118 Nashville Group, 145 Ochoco Formation, 531 Pahrump Group, 83, 86 Naskapi Shale, 401, 444 Ochre Mountain Limestone, 253 Paine Member, 253 Nassau Fonnation, 92 Ocoee Supergroup, 71, 75, 92, 104 Paint Creek Group, 204 Nastapoka Group, 55 Odjick Formation, 62, 65 Paint River Group, 47-48 Natchez Pass Formation, 276 Ogallala Fonnation (Group), 527, 530, 543, Palestine Sandstone, 204 Navajo Sandstone, 276, 322-323, 367, 397, 561 Palliser Group, 218 399,401 Ogotoruk Formation, 483 Palmer Mountain Greenstone, 359 , 401, 459, 461-462 Ohanapecosh Formation, 583 Palo Duro Basin, 341 Navesink Fonnation, 452 Oil Creek Formation, 141,244 Paluxy Fonnation, 401, 449-450 Neahga Formation, 140 , 427, 430, 532 Pamelia Fonnation, 140 Neal Ranch Formation" 344 Okaw Group, 204 Pantano Fonnation, 537 Nealmont Limestone, 145 Okpikruak Formation, 401, 484 Parachute Creek Member, 531, 535 Nebo Sandstone, 107, 113 Okpilak Batholith, 256 Paradise Valley Chert, 120 Needles Range Formation, 591 Old Church Fonnation, 530 Park City Formation (Group), 276, 292, 304, , 205, 230 Old Man Formation (Member), 423, 507 315-316, 355 Nelchina Limestone, 401, 480 Old Red Sandstone, England and Scotland, Park Shale, 112, 118 Neruokpuk Formation, 171 200 Parkers Ferry Fonnation, 530 Nesson Fonnation, 399 Old Tom Formation, 359 Parkman Sandstone, 400, 423-424 Nevada Formation (Group), 248 Oldham Dolomite, 140 Parkwood Fonnation, 205, 241-242, 248 , 204, 313, 237 Oldsmar Limestone, 530, 545, 550 Panna Sandstone Member, 284 New Hampshire Plutonic Series, 232 Olean Conglomerate, 280 Parrish Glacier Formation, 112, 123 New Hanover Member, 530 Oliverian Plutonic Series, 162 Pascagoula Clay, 530, 559 New Haven Fonnation, 346 Olivido Formation, 439 Paskapoo Fonnation, 431,531,572 New Market Limestone, 139-140 Olmos Coal, 462 Paskenta Formation, 466 , 277 Omar Formation, 563 Paspotansa Member, 530 New Scotland Limestone, 140, 153 Onaping Formation, 48-49 Passage Beds, 401 Newark Supergroup, 246-247, 351 Oneida Formation, 140 Passaic Fonnation, 2TI Newby Group, 471 Onondaga Limestone, 204, 230, 233 Patapsco Fonnation, 401, 444-445 Newcastle Sandstone, 414 Onverwacht Group, South Africa, 9, 17,29, Patuxent Fonnation, 401,444 Newland Limestone, 80, 97 95 Payette Formation, 603 Newman Limestone, 205, 240-241 Onwatin Formation, 48 Paynes Hammock Fonnation, 530 Neylandville Marl, 461 Oogahgah Fonnation, 171 Formation, 414 Niakogon Tongue, 401 Oogahyah Formation, 112 Peale Formation, 249, 358 Nichols Shale, 91, 107, 113 Ootsa Lake Group, 586 Pearsall Fonnation, 449-450 Nicola Group, 369, 471-472 Opeche Shale, 277, 313-314 Pearson Formation, 67 Nikolai Greenstone, 475 Opex Formation, 112 Pecan Gap Chalk, 460-461 Ninnescah Shale, 312-313 Ophir Fonnation, 112 Pecors Formation, 44 Ninuluk Formation, 401, 484 Oquirrh Formation (Group), 276, 292, 296, Pecos Greenstone, 78 Niobrara Chalk, 133,400,407,416-417, 353 , 140 419-423, 427-428, 460, 494, 496, 498, Oracle Granite, 80 Peedee Fonnation (Group), 297,401,453- 514 Oregon Limestone, 140 454,458 Nipissing intrusives, 49 Oreodon Beds, 530 Peerless Formation, 112 Nislcu Fonnation, 204, 218 Oriskany Sandstone, 205, 208, 229 Pekin Formation, 277, 346 Nolichucky Shale, 113, 116 cntsut Formation, 254 Pekisko Member, 204 Nonacho Group, 60 Oronto Group, 50 Pembina Member, 428 Nonesuch Fonnation, 50 Orr Fonnation, 112 Pennington Formation, 205, 242 Nooksack Formation, 472 Oscar Fonnation, 2TI Pensacola lember, 530 Noon Day Dolomite, 112 , 140 Pensauken Formation, 560, 562 Nopah Formation, 112 Oska Bay Formation, 256 Pense Formation, 413 Nonnanskill Shale, 146, 163-164 Osler Formation, 50 Pentagon Shale, 118 Norphlet Fonnation, 401, 438-439 Ospwagan Group, 56 Penters Chert, 208 North Hill Group, 204, 219 Oswego Sandstone, 140, 146, 166, 237 Pepper Shale, 459 North Horn Formation, 400, 430, 531-532, Otates Formation, 401, 449-450 Peratrovich Formation, 359 637 Otish Group, 53, 68-69 Perkins Canyon Fonnation, 176 North Shore Group, 50-51 Otter Formation, 204 Perote Member, 458 North Vernon Fonnation, 212 Otto Fiord Fonnation, 271, 277, 372-373 Perry Fonnation, 237, 242 Northcraft Fonnation, 582-583 Ottosee Shale, 140 Peterson Limestone, 400, 408 Nosoni Fonnation, 358, 360 Otts Canyon Formation, 86 Pethei Group, 66 Notch Peak Limestone, 112 Oumanlik Fonnation, 484 Petit Jardin Fonnation, 113, 116 Nugget Sandstone, 276, 318, 397 , 213 Pettet Formation, 401,446 Nuk Gneiss, 25-26 Owens Valley Formation, 276, 355 Phi Kappa Formation, 178 Nunatami Formation, 112 Owl Canyon Fonnation, 277, 314 , 276 Nuwok Member, 531 Owl Creek Fonnation, 458 Pica Fonnation, 607 Nye Mudstone, 595 Oyster Ridge Sandstone Member, 421 Picard Shale Member, 399 Nygaad Bay Limestone, 112 Ozan Formation, 461 Pictou Group, 277 698 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX

Picture Cliffs Sandstone, 427 Poxono Island Formation, 140 Red Pine Shale, 82 Picture Gorge Basalt, 531, 603 Prairie Bluff Chalk, 401,458 Red Rose Formation, 474 Pierce Canyon Formation, 276 Prairie du Chien Dolomite (Group), 112-113, Red Shale Formation, 400 Pierre Shale, 400, 416, 422-423, 428 124 Redwall Limestone, 223, 226, 253 Pika Fonnation, 112, 120 Prairie Formation, 204, 212 Redwater Shale (Member), 400, 402, 404 Pilgrim Dolomite, 112 Prairie Terrace Formation, 565 Reed Dolomite, 106, 109 Pilot Knob Intrusion, 460 Preuss Sandstone, 400, 402 Reedsville Shale, 140, 146, 166 Pilot Shale, 204, 249 Price Formation, 205, 238-239, 253 Reeve Formation, 358 Pinal Schist, 79 Price River Fonnation, 400, 417, 427, 468 Reklaw Member, 553 Pine Barren Member, 530 Prichard Formation, 80, 82 Renault Fonnation, 204 Pine Butte Member, 400, 402 Prida Formation, 276 Rens Fjord Complex, 177,255 Pine Hall Formation, 346 Pride Mountain Formation, 205, 240 Rensselaer Bay Formation, 123 Pine Island Fonnation, 401, 449-450 Priest Canyon Formation, 146 Repetto Formation, 607 Pine Plains Dolomite, 113, 116 Prince Creek Formation, 401, 484 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member, 316 Pine Ridge Formation, 427 Princeton Group, 205 Rbynie Chert, Scotland, 200-201, 267 Pine Salt Fonnation, 315 Prospect Hill Fonnation, 204, 586 Rich Member, 399-400 Pinetop Chert, 208 Prospect Mountain Quartzite, 86, 106, 112, Richmond Group, 140, 146 Piney Point Formation, 530, 555, 558 117-118 Richmond Gulf Group, 55 Pinnacle Fonnation, 92 Providence Sand, 401, 458 Rico Formation, 292 Pinyon Peak Limestone, 204 Pueblo Formation, 309, 344 , 208, 229 Pioche Shale, 112, 117 Puget Group, 531, 582 Riding Mountain Formation, 428, 431 Pioneer Shale, 83 Pulaski Shale, 140 Ridley Limestone, 140 Piper Fonnation, 399-400 PumpenrickelFonnation, 276, 356,359 Rierdon Fonnation, 400-402 Pipestone Creek Fonnation, 530 Pumpkin Valley Shale, 113 Ripley Fonnation, 401, 456, 458 Piscataquis Fonnation, 231 Punchbowl Formation, 600 River Bend Fonnation, 530 Piscataway Member, 530 Pungo River Formation, 530 Road River Formation, 176-177 Pitkin Limestone, 228, 246, 331 Purcell Lava, 82, 83 Roberts Mountain Dolomite, 176-177 Pittsburg Formation (Coal), 301-302 Purcell Supergroup, 75, 80, 82, 87 Robinson Formation, 358 Pittsford Formation, 140 Purgatoire Formation, 412, 417 , 140, 148 Pitz Fonnation, 59 Purisima Fonnation, 531, 607-608 Rock Creek Formation, 401 Platina Fonnation, 400 Puskawskau Formation, 420, 428 Rock Point Member, 322 Plattekill Fonnation, 235 Putnam Formation, 309, 344 Rock River Fonnation, 427 Platteville Dolomite, 140-141, 145, 244 Putnam Hill Limestone, 300 Rockdale Dolomite, 140 Pleasant Hill Limestone, 116 Rockdale Formation, 548 Pleasanton Group, 277, 297 Quorqut Granite, 27 Rockfish Conglomerate Member, 90, 92 Plum Creek Formation, 140 Quadrant Sandstone, 276, 295-296, 304 , 219 Plum Point Marl, 530, 558 Qu'Appele Fonnation, 218 Rockland Formation, 140 Plympton Formation, 320 Quartermaster Formation, 314 Rocknest Formation, 63, 65 , 277, 281 Queantoweap Sandstone; see Supai Fonnation Rockwell Formation, 205 Pocatello Fonnation, 86 Queen City Member, 553 Rockwood Formation, 166 Pocono Formation, 205, 237-240, 253 Queenston Shale (Formation), 140, 146-147 Rocky Point Member, 401, 453-454 Poe Evaporite Member, 399 Quirke Lake Group, 44 Rodessa Fonnation, 401, 449 Pogonip Limestone, 112 Rogersville Shale, 113 Point Lookout Fonnation, 426 Hill Limestone, 141 Rogue Formation, 400, 464 Poison Canyon Fonnation, 532 Rabbit Lake Formation, 46-47 Romanzok Mountains, 257 Pokegama Formation, 46 Rabbit Point Formation, 112, 123 Rome Fonnation, 113, 115 Polecat Bench Formation, 529, 637 Raccoon Creek Group, 298 Rondout Formation, 140, 153 Polk Creek Shale, 141, 146,245 , 140 Rosaire Formation (Group), 91, 112, 113 Pond Springs Fonnation, 140 Rae Group. 68 Rose Hill Fonnation, 140, 167 Pontotoc Group (Fonnation), 277, 294 Ramsay Lake Formation, 44 Roseburg Volcanics, 582 Popo Agie Member, 276, 316-318, 397 Rapitan Group, 86 Roslyn Formation, 531 Porcupine Hills Formation, 529 Raritan Formation, 401, 444, 452, 455, 459 Ross Brook Fonnation, 140 Port Ewen Formation, 140 Raspberry Formation, 276 Roubidoux Formation, 113 Portage Canyon Formation, 141 Raton Formation, 532 Rove Formation, 46-47 Portage Inlet Formation, 67 Rattlesnake Formation, 531 Row Park. Limestone, 139 Portage Lake Group, 50-51 Ravalli Group, 80 Royer Dolomite, 113 Porters Creek Clay, 530, 545 , 529, 637 Ruin Granite, 80 Portland Fonnation, 346 Rawlins Bay Formation, 112 Ruma Formation, 204 Potapaco Member, 530 Raysor Marl, 530, 558 Rumsey Ridge Formation, 166, 400 Potlach Formation, 218 Read Bay Formation, 171 , 204 Potomac Group, 401, 444-445, 452 Reagan Sandstone, 113, 244 Rustler Formation, 276, 312 Potomac "Marble", 347 Recluse Group, 61, 63-64, 66 Rutledge Limestone, 113, 116 , 113 Red Bank Sand, 452 Potsdam Fonnation, 120 Red Bird Silty Member, 426 Sabine Bay Formation, 375 Pottsville Group (Formation), 277, 279-281, Red Bluff Formation, 530 Sacajawea Formation, 276 300 Red Creek Quartzite, 76-78, 82 Saddle Gneiss, 71 Poughquag Quartzite, 113 Red Marker Bed (Tensleep Sandstone), 304 Saddle Mountains Basalt, 531 Poulsen Cliff Shale, 112 Formation (Group), 140, 147, Sadlerochit Formation, 277, 374-375 Pound Quartzite, South Australia, 106, 108 150, 167 Saganaw Bay Formation, 252 Povungnituk Group, 55 Red Mountain Gneiss, 71 Sagavaniktok Formation. 531, 615 Poway Group, 578 Red Peak Member (Formation), 276, 316 Sage Creek Formation. 586 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 699

S~wFonnation, 284, 298, 300, 359 Sequatchie Formation, 140, 146, 166-167. Smartville Opbiolite, 464 Saglek Dikes, 25 200 Smithport Formation, 113 Sagwon Member, 531 Sequin Formation, 548 Smithwick Facies, 277 Salado Formation, 276, 312 Serpent Formation, 44 Smithwick Formation. 332-333. 336 Salem Churcb Granite, 71 Sespe Formation, 588 . 419-420, 428 , 204, 226, 239 Seton Formation, 65 Smoky Hills Chalk Member, 419 Salero Formation, 428 Setters Quartzite, 92 Snake River Plain. 611 Salida Greenstone, 78 Settler Formation. 218 Snoqualmie Granodiorite, 595 Salina Group, 140, 167 Seven Devils Group, 358 Snowbird Group, 90, 92 Sallisaw Formation, 208 Severn Formation. 401 Snowhill Formation, 401 Salmon Hornblende Schist, 249 Severn River Limestone. 148 Snowy Pass Supergroup, 76, 78 Salona Limestone, 145 Sevier Sbale, 140, 165 Sokoman Formation, 53 Salt Grass Shale Member, 426 Seville Limestone Member. 284 Solenboften Limestone, Bavaria, 133 Salt Lake Formation, 609 Sevy Dolomite, 176-177 Solomon Creek Formation. 546 Salt Plain Formation, 313 Shady Dolomite, 91, 113, 115, 129,327 Sonyea Group. 205 Salt Wasb Sandstone Member, 404 Sbaftesbury Formation. 414 Sosan Group, 65 San Andres Limestone, 276, 311 Shamvian Group. Zimbabwe, 9 Soudan Iron Formation. 95 San Felipe Formation, 401, 460 Shark River Formation. 549 Souris River Formation, 204, 218-219 San Isabel Batholith, 79 Sbaron Coglomerate, 280 South Bosque Formation, 459 , 534 Sbaron Springs Member, 423. 426 South Cbannel Formation, 59 San Juan Formation, 591 Sharp Mountain Member, 300 South Creek Formation, 204 San Lorenzo Formation, 531 Sbaunavon Formation, 399-400 Southgate Formation, 140 San Marcos Formation, 449 Shawangunk Conglomerate, 140, 147. 166 Spar Mountain Member, 226 San Miquel Formation, 462 Shawnee Group. 277, 303 Sparta Formation, 530, 553 San Pedro Sandstone, 607 Sbedhorn Sandstone. 315-316 Spearfisb Formation, 277, 314-315, 397 Sandfly Lake Group, 68 Sbedroof Conglomerate, 84. 86 Specbty Kopf Formation, 205, 237 Sandf~Formation, 277, 346 Sbeep Creek Formation, 530 Spinney Hill Sandstone, 414 Sandia Limestone, 276 Sbeep Pass Formation, 586 Spiral Creek Formation, 112 Sandpile Formation, 176-177 Sbeeprock Group, 86 Split Rock Formation, 542 Santa Cruz Formation, 531 Sbeffield Formation. 204 Spoon Formation, 277, 284 Santa Fe Formation, 609 Sbell Creek Formation. 400 Spotted Ridge Formation, 358 Santa Margarita Sandstone, 531, 599 Sbell Rock Formation, 204 Sprayberry Sandstone, 310 Santa Rosa Formation, 276 Sbenango Sandstone. 205 Spring Garden Member, 530 Santee Limestone, 530, 549-550, 555 Sbin Brook Formation, 161 Spring Lake beds, 563 Sappington Member, 204, 218,253 Sbinarump Member, 276. 322 Springdale Member, 322-323 Saratoga Chalk, 462 Shinumo Quartzite. 83 Springer Group (Formation), 284, 332-333 Sardis Formation, 457-458 Sboemaker Formation, 359 , 140 Sassennacb Formation, 218 Sboo Ay Formation. 178 Springville Shale, 204 Saturday Mountain Formation, 141, 175-176 Sboreham Formation, 140 StaIlwortby Formation, 255 Sauquoit Formation, 140 Sbort Creek Oolite Member. 226 Stanaker Member, 276 Sausbee Formation, 284-285, 331 Sbortland Shale. 444 Stanley Group, 205, 226, 228, 246-247, 333- Sav~Formation,401,480 Sbublik Formation, 277, 375.483 334,338 Sawatcb Sandstone, 112 Sbunda Member, 204 Stansburg Formation, 213 SawtootbFormation,399 Sibley Formation, 50 Star Peak Group, 362 Scarborougb Formation, 628 Signal Mountain Formation, 113 Stark Formation, 67 Scatarie Member, 401 Sigsbee seismic-stratigraphic unit. 440 Starrs Cave Limestone, 219 Schaghticoke Shale, 113 S~anni Formation. 413, 415 State Bridge Formation, 320 Schawangunk Conglomerate, 166 Siksikpuk Formation, 374 St. Charles Limestone, 120-121 Scbei Point Formation, 277, 375 . 582 St. Cloud Granite, 49 Scbobarie Formation, 204, 230, 233 Silver Pass Formation, 531 St. David Formation, 296-297 Scboolhouse Sandstone, 318 Simonson Dolomite, 204. 248 Ste. Genevieve Limestone, 204, 226, 239-240 Schoonover Formation, 204, 252 Simpson Group, 139. 141,244 Steamboat Limestone, Il8 Schrader Bluff Formation, 401, 484 Sims Formation, 53, 69 Steele Shale, 400, 419, 427 Scbuler Formation, 401, 439 Sinawava Member, 399 Steens Basalt. 603 SconondoaFormation,149 Sioux Quartzite. 50 Stephen Formation, 120, 132 Scorenbay Formation, 11 Sixtymile Formation, 82 Stevens Ridge Formation, 531, 595 Scorpion Mountain Formation, 252 Siyeb Limestone. 82 St. George Formation, 113, 116 Scott Canyon Formation, 120, 177 Skaergaard Complex. 18 Stirling Quartzite, 96, 106, Il2, 117 Scott Mountain Member, 86 Skajit Limestone. 205, 254 Stissing Dolomite, 113, Il6 Scott Peak Formation, 204 Skaneateles Formation. 205, 235 St. Joe Limestone Member, 219 Scotty Wasb Sandstone, 204, 253 Skiatook Group. 277, 297 St. Kevin Granite, 79 Scourian Complex, Scotland, 9, 11,28 Skillogalee Dolomite, 97 St. Lawrence Formation. 112 Seabee Formation, 401, 484 Skinner Rancb Limestone, 344 St. Louis Limestone, 204-205, 226, 239-240 Seal Lake Group, 69, 72 Skull Creek Sbale. 414, 420 St. Marks facies, 530. 558 Sebakwian Group, Zimbabwe, 9 Slaven Cbert. 178, 204. 249 St. Mary River Formation. 423-424 Seboomook Formation, 231, 233 Sliderock Member. 400 St. Marys Formation, 530, 558 Second White-Speckled Sbale (Colorado Sligo Formation. 445. 449 Stobie Formation, 43-44 Group). 419 Slim Buttes Formation. 539-540 Stockade Beaver Member, 400 Selinsgrove Limestone, 205 Slim Sam Formation. 428 Stockton Formation, 277, 346 Sellersburg Formation, 212 Sloko Group. 586 Stoddard Formation, 229 Selma Chalk (Group), 407, 456. 460 Smackover Formation. 401. 438-439, 442 Stone Corral Formation, 277 700 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX

Stonehouse Formation, 140 Tatoosh Granodiorite, 595 Trinity Ophiolite, 178, 249, 368 Stones River Formation, 139 Tatum Limestone, 530 Trold Formation, 375 Stonesville Formation, 346 Taylor Flat Formation, 229 Trommald Formation, 46-48 , 146 Taylor Marl, 401, 459-460 Trout River Formation, 218 Stony Hollow Formation, 235 Teanaway Formation, 531 Troutdale Formation, 531 Stony Mountain Shale, 146 Telavirak Fonnation, 483-484 Troy Quartzite, 83-84 St. Peter Sandstone, 138-141, 145,229,244 Telegraph Creek Fonnation, 400, 422-423, Tucumcari Formation, 412, 417 Strain Shale Member, 313 427-428 Tuktu Formation, 401, 484 Strand Fiord Formation, 401, 482 Tellico Sandstone, 140, 165 Tukwila Fonnation, 582-583 Stratheam Formation, 276 Temiscouata Fonnation, 231 Tulare Fonnation, 608 Strawn Limestone (Group), 277, 308, 341- Temple Butte Limestone, 213 Tulip Creek Formation, 141,244 342 Temple Cap Sandstone, 399 Tully Limestone, 165, 205, 213, 236 Striped Rock Granite, 71 Tenmile Creek Formation, 205, 246 Tumbiana Formation, West Australia, 95 Stuart Formation, 337 Tenmile Granite, 78 Tunnel Mountain Fonnation, 229 Stuhini Group, 471 Tensleep Sandstone, 276, 295-296, 304, 314 Tuolomne Intrusive Series, 467 Stump Sandstone, 400, 403-404 Terra Cotta Member, 408 Tupelo Tongue, 457 Sturgis Formation, 303 Tesnus Formation, 247, 276, 334, 336 Turner Cliffs Formation, 171 Success Formation, 412 Tessey Limestone, 276, 312 Turner Valley Member, 204 Sudbury Gabbro, 49 Teutonic Limestone, 112 Turtleback Complex, 178 Sully Formation, 413-414 Thaynes Limestone, 276, 316-317, 321 Tuscahoma Formation, 530, 546 Sulphur Point Formation, 212 Thelon Formation, 59, 67 Tuscaloosa Formation (Group), 401, 455-456, , 400, 404 Thermopolis Shale, 400, 414 459 Summum Formation, 296-297 Thessalon Fonnation, 43-44 Tuscan Formation, 608 Sunblood Dolomite, 175 Thetford Mines Complex, 162 , 140, 147, 166 , 204, 219, 223, 238 Third Bone Springs Sand, 309 Tuscumbia Limestone, 205, 239 Sundance Fonnation, 399-402, 498 Thompson assemblage, 359 Tuxedni Group, 401, 480 Sunday Quartzite, 47 Thompson Formation, 46-47 Twin Creek Limestone, 397, 399, 400, 402 Sunderland Formation, 560 Thorold Sandstone, 140 Two Medicine Fonnation, 423-424 Sunrise Group, 480 Three Forks Formation, 204, 218, 253 Tyee Formation, 583 Supai Formation, 276, 289, 306, 318-320 Thunder Springs Member, 223 Tyonek Formation, 595 Sum:tt Canyon Formation, 204 Thurman Formation, 337 Tyrone Limestone, 140 Suwanee Limestone, 530, 555 Tibbet Hill Formation, 91 Tyson Formation, 113 Svartevaeg Formation, 255, 257 Tillamook Volcanics, 582 Sverdrup Basin, 271 Tillite Group, 112 , 531, 536, 586; see also Swan Hills Limestone, 204, 218 Tillman Graywacke, 244 Swan Peak Formation, 124, 141, 175-176 Timiskaming facies, 20 Uinta Mountains Group, 76, 80, 82, 88 Swan River Group, 412-413 Tims Point Siltstone, 607 Uivak Gneiss, 24-26 Swandyke Gneiss, 78 Tindir Group, 109 Ullin Limestone, 204, 223 Swank Formation, 531 Tintic Quartzite, 86, 112 Ulusksan Group, 60 Swartkroppie Formation, South Africa, 19 Tinton Formation, 452 Umiat Formation, 484 Swauk Formation, S82 Tioga Bentonite, 205, 207, 230, 235 Umpqua Volcanics, 582 Swazey Formation, 112, 119 Tipton Shale Member, 535 Union Island Group, 65 Swaziland System (Supergroup), South Africa, Tishomingo Granite, 244 Uniontown, Formation, 301 9, 17,95 Titkana Formation, 112 Unkar Group, 83-84, 109 Swift Formation, 400, 402-404 Tjakastad Subgroup 17, 29 Upemavik Supracrustals, 26 Swift Run Fonnation, 90-92 Tobacco Road Sand, 549 Upper Red Beds (Michigan Basin), 406 Switchback Shale, 118 Toby Conglomerate, 84, 86 Upper Red Member (Moenkopi Formation), Sycamore Limestone (Point), 205 Tochatwi Fonnation, 67 321 Sylvan Shale, 141, 146, 244 Tokio Fonnation, 460-461 Upson Clay, 462 Sylvester Group, 249 Tombigbee Sand Member, 401, 456 , 140, 146, 166 Syracuse Fonnation, 140 Tomera Formation, 276, 353 , 113, 115 Vaillant Formation, 62 Basalt, 531 Tonka Fonnation, 252, 352 Valcour Limestone, 143 Taconite River Formation, 173 Tonoloway Limestone, 140, 167 Valdez Group, 480 Taft Hill Glauconitic Sandstone Member, 414 Tony Grove Lake Fonnation, 141 Valley Spring Gneiss, 71 Takiyuak Formation, 63 Topagoruk Formation, 484 Valmy Formation, 124, 176-177 Takla Group, 369, 471 Toquima Fonnation, 176 Vamoosa Formation (Group), 277, 303, 342 Talkeetna Formation, 478 Torok Fonnation, 401, 484 van Hauen Formation, 277, 375 Tallahassee Limestone, 550, 552 Toroweap Fonnation, 276, 319 Van Hom Sandstone, 71 TaIlahattaFormation, 530, 552-553 Tosi Chert Member, 316 Van Sciver beds, 563 Taloga Formation, 314 Tradewater Fonnation, 283 Vanoss Formation (Group), 277, 303, 342 Tamabra Limestone, 401, 450 Trail Ridge sequence, 562 Vanport Limestone, 300 Tamaulipas Fonnation, 401, 449,451 Traveler Formation, 231 Vaqueros Sandstone, 531 Tamiami Formation, 559-560 Traverse Group, 204, 212 Vaughn Member, 414 Tampa Limestone, 530, 558-559 Travis Peak Formation, 401, 449 Venango Formation, 205 TanquaryFormation, 371, 375 Trempealeau Formation (Group), 122 Vendom Fjord Fonnation, 254 Tapeats Sandstone, 118 Trenton Gravels, 563 Vermillion River Fonnation, 420, 428 , 449 Trenton Group, 140, 145 Verne Limestone Member, 284 TacrantFormation, 459 Trident Member, 204 Vernon Shale, 140 Tarratine Formation, 231 Trimmers Rock Sandstone, 205 Verrill Canyon Shale, 401, 444 Tatei Formation, 112 Trinity Group, 449, 507, 516 Vicksburg Group (Fonnation), 554 STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 701

Victoria Fonnation, 204 Weches Member, 553 Windsor Group, 242 Victorio Peak Limestone, 276, 310 Weeks Limestone, 112 Windy Hill Sandstone Member, 400, 404 Viejo seismic-stratigraphic unit, 439-440 Weisner Quartzite, 91, 107 , 276, 322-323, 397 Viking Fonnation, 420 Wellborn Fonnation, 553 Winnemucca Fonnation, 276 Vimy Member, 420 , 277, 312-313 Winnipeg Fonnation, 139 Vincentown Fonnation, 544 Wells Fonnation, 304, 315 Winnipegosis Fonnation, 204, 212 Vinini Fonnation, 176 Wenowah Formation, 452 Winooski Dolomite, 113, 116 Vinson Chalk, 460 Werner Formation, 401, 438, 441 Winterburn Group, 218 Viola Limestone, 141, 145, 244 Wescogame Fonnation, 276 Winthrop Sandstone, 474 Virgelle Sandstone Member, 423-424 Weskan Shale Member, 426 Wissahickon Fonnation (Group), 92-93 Virginia Fonnation, 46-47 West Castleton Fonnation, 116 Complex, South Africa, 43, 95 Virginian Ridge Fonnation, 474 West Falls Group, 205 Wolf River Batholith, 49 Vishnu Schist, 78 West Foreland Fonnation, 593 Wolfcamp Limestone (Group), 276, 309, 344 West Range Limestone, 204 Wolfe City Fonnation, 461 Wabamum Group, 204, 218 West Springs Creek Limestone, 113 Wolsey Shale, 112, 118 Wabana Shale, 113 Western Cascades Group, 531 Womble Shale, 141, 245 Wabaunsee Group, 277, 303 Weverton Fonnation, 90 Wonewoc Formation, 112 Waccamaw Fonnation, 530, 560 Weymouth Fonnation, 122 Wood Canyon Fonnation, 106, 112, 117 Wachsmuth Limestone, 205 Wheeler Shale, 112, 119-120 Wood Mountain Gravels, 542 Wahoo Limestone, 258, 277, 370, 374 Whetstone Gulf Shale, 140 Wood River Formation, 293, 353-355 Wakeham Bay Group, 70, 72 Whirlpool Sandstone, 140, 147, 166 Woodbine Group, 401, 458-459 Walden Creek Group, 90 Whirlwind Sandstone, 112, 120 Woodbury Clay, 452 , 140 White Rim Member (Fonnation), 318 Woodford Shale, 205, 213,237,244 Wales Group, 178 (Group), 527, 530, Woodhurst Limestone (Member), 224, 253 Wallace Fonnation, 82 539-540, 591, 634 Woodland Gneiss, 71 Walnut Clay, 450 White Throne Member, 399 Woodman Fonnation, 252 Walston Fonnation, 560 Whitehorse Group (Fonnation), 277, 313 Woodruff Shale, 178, 249 Wanapum Basalt, 531 Whitemud Fonnation, 428, 431 Woods Comers Group, 116-117 Wapanucka Limestone, 333 Whitesburg Formation, 165 Woodside Formation, 276, 316-317, 321 Wapanuika Fonnation, 284 Whiteside Granite, 71 Woodstock Member, 530 Wapiabi Formation, 401 Whitewater Fonnation (Group), 43, 48-49, Word Fonnation, 276 Wapiti Formation, 420, 428, 431 140 WyandotCludk, 401, 444, 450 Wapsipinicon Fonnation, 204, 208, 211 Whitmore Wash Member, 223 Warner Basalt, 603 Whitsett Fonnation, 553 Yahatinda Formation, 212 Warrawoona Group, West Australia, 93 Whittaker Formation, 176 Yakima Basalt, 603, 610 Warsaw Limestone, 204-205, 223, 225-226 Wichita Group, 277, 313, 344, 388 Yakutat Group, 569 Wasatch Formation, 531, 534, 536-537 Wiggins Fonnation, 540 Yankeetown Fonnation, 204 Washington Fonnation, 277, 303 Wilcox Group, 530, 544-546 Yaquina Fonnation, 590 Washita Group, 450 Wild Cow Fonnation, 276 Yavapai Supergroup, 78 Watahomigi Fonnation, 276 Wildcat Peak Formation, 355 yazoo Group, 549, 552 Watchung Volcanics, 277 Wilkie Point Formation, 481 Yegua Fonnation, 530, 553 Waterways Fonnation, 218 Wilkins Peak Member, 535 Yellowknife Supergroup, 20, 30 Watt Mountain Fonnation, 204 Williana Terrace Formation, 565 Yeso Fonnation, 276, 310 Watton Canyon Member, 400 Willis Sand, 561 yorktown Fonnation, 530, 558-560 Waubakee Limestone, 140 Williston Fonnation, 550 Wayan Formation, 400, 408 Willow Creek Fonnation, 529 Zanzibar Fonnation, 176 Waynesboro Fonnation, 113, 115 Willowvale Fonnation, 140 Zayante Sandstone, 531 Waynesburg Formation, 277, 301-302 Wills Creek Shale, 140, 167 Zebra Cliffs Fonnation, 174 Waynesville Fonnation, 140 Wills Point Fonnation, 530, 546 Zephyr Fonnation, 62 Weatherall Fonnation, 256 Wind River Formation, 534 Zilch Fonnation, 595 Weaverton Fonnation, 113 Windermere Group (Supergroup), 75, 84, 86- Zoroaster Granite, 78 Weber Sandstone, 293, 295-296, 304-305, 87,90, 107 Zuloaga Limestone, 401, 438-439, 442 318, 353 Windhill Limestone, 141 Taxonomic Index

All fossil and living taxa discussed or tabulated in the text nacular terms (e.g., horses, saber-tooth cats, rudists) are are listed here following the most commonly recognized listed here following the most appropriate formal taxonomic systematic term. Because suffixes of taxonomic terms (e.g., usage. The reader may wish to use a standard dictionary to -ida, -acea, -ina, -oida, -oidea) generally correspond to their look up the appropriate Linnean entry; however, most taxa assigned hierarchical level, a particular taxonomic name of general interest have sufficiently well-known names and may vary in appearance in this book relative to other pub• are here sufficiently cross referenced to allow easy access lications: and, possibly, between our usage in the Synoptic (e.g., horses may be found under Perissodactyla, Equus, or Taxonomy (Appendix A) and references in text. To accom• many older genera-in any case, the pertinent discussion modate these inevitable discrepancies, this index lists all will be found nearby). For a few groups whose vernacular internal variations in usage for organisms and trace fossils, names are very different from the formal systematic usage, even where our coverage consists of only a listing in the we supply entries in the Subject Index with cross references synoptic taxonomy. Taxa discussed in the text using ver- to this index.

Acanthodii, 259-260, 656 Albenosaurus. 507 Anglocetus. 643 Acanthograptus. 181 Alcyonacea, 654 Animalia, 653 Acanthopecten, 378 Allantopora. 501 , 506 Acentrophorous. 259 Allogromiina, 132, 195, 653 . 521 Achorutes.268 Allosaurus (Antrodemus), 507, 521 Annelida, 132-133, 196-197.379,655; see Acoelomata, 108 Allotheria, 515-517, 657 also Ichnofossils (Subject Index) Acrania, 656 Alticamelus. 647 Annuloria. 265-266 Acritarcha, 657 Amebelodon. 648 Anomura, 502 Acropora, 382 AJonKnritida, 394, 399,414,417,423, 425- Anthophyta, 394,504, 631, 633-634. 658 Acrotreta, 130 428,490-493,520,631,655 Anthozoa, 124, 136, 138, 143, 182-184, 186, Acrotretida, 130, 654 Ammonoidea, 193,259,279, 316, 380-382, 189, 286, 381-383, 654 Actinistia, 260, 656 394, 426, 490-493, 519-520, 655 Anthracomya. 378 , 193 Amphibia, 201, 206, 262-263, 278, 321, 379, Anthtacosauria, 384,656 Actinoceratoidea, 192 383-385, 656 Antiarcha, 261, 656 Actinocerida, 655 Amphigastropoda, 192 Anuria, 385 Actinocoelia. 378 Amphineuria, 191, 654 Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus) 507 Actinopoda, 653 Amphioxus; see Branchiostorruz Aplodontia, 642 Actinop~gil, 259-260, 656 Amphipoda, 655 Apterodon. 643 Actinostrorruz, 186 Amphychelydia, 514 Apterygota, 656 Adapidae, 640 Amynodonta, 644 Arachnida, 201, 379, 655 Aepyornis, 511 Anahomulites, 492 Araeoscelidia, 657 AgJaspida, 132, 655 Anapsida, 385-387, 513-514, 656 Araucarioxylon, 322, 503 Agnatha, 132, 139, 197, 199,258-259,656 Anasca, 500 Area. 495 Agnostida, 126-128, 134, 655 Anatolepis. 199 Atchaeoceti, 643 Agnostina, 119, 127-128,655 Anatosaurus, 507 Atchaeocopida, 655 Ailanthus, 541 Anchiceratops. 507 Atchaeocyatha, 100, 107, 110, 125, 129, 654 Aistopoda, 384, 656 Anchitherium. 644 Atchaeocyathida, 654 Ajacicyathida, 654 Ancylopoda, 643, 646 Atehaeogastropoda, 191, 654 Alamosaurus. 427 Aneurophyton. 265 Archaeogeosaurus. 384 703 704 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Archaeomeryx, 647 Bothriolepis, 261 Ceriantipatharia, 183 Archaeopteridales, 658 Botryopteris, 266 , 642-643 Archaeopteryx lithographica, 509-511,517, Bovidae,647 Cevidae, 647 519 Braarudosphaera, 497 Chaetognatha, 197, 379 Archaeornithes, 511, 657 Brachiopoda, 100, 123-124, 129-130, 136, Chompsosaurus, 512-513 Archewn, 514 138-140, 143-145, 182, 189-191, 196, Choroia, 107, 109 Archimedes, 185 259, 275, 286, 302, 311, 315, 375-377, Cheilostomata, 185, 500-501, 654 Architeuthis, 192,493 500,654 Cheirolepis, 259 Archosauria, 385, 390-391, 505-509, 512, Brachiosaurus, 507 Cheirurina, 655 657 Brachyrhyncha, 502 Chelicerata, 188,200, 655 Arcoida, 655 Brachyura, 502 Chelonia, 389, 513-514, 517, 519, 522, 657 Argonauta, 493 Branchiopoda, 655 Chilopoda, 268-269, 379, 655 Ariaspis, 199 Branchiostoma, 197 Chiroptera, 640 Anhrapalaemon gracilis, 379 Brontops, 645 Chitinozoa, 653 Arthrodira, 260-261, 656 Brontosaurus; see Apatosaurus Chlorophyceae, 657 Anhrophycus, 166 Brontotherium, 645 Chlorophyta, 97, 187, 200, 657 Anhropirys, 266 Brooksella, 10 Chondrichthyes, 260-262, 379, 424-425, Anhropleura, 268-269 Bryophyta, 199 430,656 Arthropleurida, 201, 268-269, 655 Bryozoa, 124, 130, 136, 138-140, 143-144, Chondrostei, 259, 380-382, 656 ~, 100, 107, 110, 117, 122-123, 180, 184-186, 196,259,286,311,378, Chonetidina, 654 125-129, 132-134, 138, 140, 188-189, 381,500, 519,654 Chordata, 130, 132, 196-197,656 195-196, 201, 267-269, 379, 381, 405, Buchia, 495, 519 Choristida, 653 SOI-S02, 505, 631, 654, 655 Buchiidae, 495 Chroococcales, 653 Articulata (Brachiopoda), 124, 130, 136, 138- Burgessia, 133 Chrysomonadales, 657 140, 143-145, 185-191,375-377,500- Chrysophyceae, 657 501,654 Cacops, 383 Chrysophyta, 97, 407, 495-497, 633, 657 Articulata (Crinoidea), 195, 380-381, 497- Caenopus, 644 Chuaria,83 499,656 Calamites, 265-267, 502 Cidaroidea, 499 Artiodactyla, 643, 646-647 Calcarea, 187,378,653 Ciliata, 653 Anocarpus, 505 Calcaronea, 654 Cingulata, 641 Asaphina, 126-128,655 Calcichordata; see Homalozoa Cinnamomeides, 505 Ascophora, 500 Calcispongia; see Calcarea Cirripeda, 655 Asteroidea, 656 Callavia, 122, 134 Cladoselache, 261-262 Astraeospongium, 187 Callianassa (), 502 Cladoxylopsida, 658 Astraspis, 199 Callianassa (Callichirus) major, 452 Climacograptus, 182 Ateiocystites, 194 Callianassidae, 502 Climatius, 260 Atrypacea, 189-191, 259 Callipteris conferta, 278 Clitambonitidina, 654 Atrypida, 654 Callistophytales, 458 Clypeasteroida, 499 Aulophyseter, 643 Callixylon, 265-266 Cnidaria, 108-110, 124, 136, 138, 143, 182- Aulopora, 183 Calwgraptus, 182 184, 186, 189, 286, 381-383, 654 Auloporidae, 184 Calyrnenina, 259, 655 Coccolithaceae, 187,407 Aves, 657 Calyrnopityales, 658 Coccolitbineae, 657 Avicuwpecten, 378 Camarosaurus, 507 Coccolithophyceae, 187,407,495-497,519, Avicuwpinna, 378 Camerata, 181, 195, 380,656 522,632 Aysheaia, 133 Cameroceras, 193 Coccosteus, 261 Cameroidea, 656 Cochioceras, 490 BacilIariophyceae, 657 Camptosaurus, 507 Codiaceae, 187 Bactrites, 490 Canadia, 133 Coelacantbidae, 260 Bactritoidea, 655 Cancridae, 502 Coelomata, 108 , 460 Capitosaurus, 384 , 322, 506 Baioconodon, 529 Captorhinomorpha, 386, 656 Coelurosauria, 506, 510 Bairdia, 196 Carbonicola, 378 Coelurus (Omitholestes), 506 Barosaurus, 405 Carnivora, 637-638 Coenopteridopsida, 266, 502, 658 (Zeuglodon), 643 Camosauria, 506, 518-519 Coleoida, 493, 655 Bathmoceras, 193 Carpoidea; see Homalozoa Coleoidea, 493 Bathyuriscus, 121 Carybdeida, 654 Coleopora, 501 Batoidea, 261, 656 Casea, 387 Coleoptera, 268 Beckspringia, 97 Castor, 651 Collembolla, 200-201, 267-268 , 404, 493, 519, 631, 655 Castorimorpha,642 Colubroidea,512 , 192 Castoroides, 642, 651 Comatulida, 498 Bellerophontacea, 192 Catarrhini, 641 Condy~, 637-639, 642-643 Bellerophontida, 654 Caulastrea, 382 Coniferales, 267, 503 Bembexia, 192 Cavusgnathus, 198 Coniferophyta, 658 Bennettitales, 503-504, 519, 658 Cephalaspidea, 654 Coniferopsida, 658 Betula, 505 Cephalaspidiomorphi, 197, 199,656 Conocatdioida, 655 , 646, 649-650 Cephalochotdata, 196-197, 656 Conodonta, 110, 197-198,656 Bivalvia, 132, 138, 191,377-379,405,417, Cephalopoda, 138, 191-193,279,490-493, Conodontophorida, 110, 197-198,656 425-426, 493-495, 522, 631, 655 655 Conularida, 654 Blastoidea, 193-195, 259, 380, 656 Ceratitida, 655 Cooksonia, 200 Blattoidea, 268 , 506 Corallinacea, 186, 657 Booidae. 512 Ceratosaurus, 507, 521 , 266 TAXONOMIC INDEX 705

Cordaitopsida, 266-267, 658 Didymograptus, 182 Euechinoidea, 499-500, 656 Cornulites, 186 DimerrodOn, 388-389 Euomphaliidae, 191-192 Coronatida, 654 Dimorphodon, 507-508 Euomphalus, 192 Corynexocbida, 126-129, 655 Dinnetherium, 515 Euoplocephalus, 507 Coryphodon, 639 Dinohyus, 646 Euparkeria, 390-391 Cotylorhynchus, 387 Dinophyceae, 657 Euphausiacea, 501 Cotylosauria, 385-386 Dinorthis, 511 Eutyapsida, 389-390, 511-512, 657 Crania, 376 Diploblastica, 108 Eurypterida, 153, ISO, 188-189, 199-201, Craniacea, 501 Diplocaulus, 384 380,655 Crassarellites, 495 Diploceraspis, 302 Euryplerus remipes, 188 Crassostrea, 493-494 Diplodocus, 507 Euryplerygius, 512 Crassosrrea virginica, 377 Diplograptus, 181 Eusthenopleron, 260 Creodonta,637-638 Diplopoda, 655 Euscbia, 509 Crinoidea, 143-144, 193-195,259,286, Diploporita, 656 Exogyra, 452-453,456,458,460,494,519, 380-381, 497-499, 656 Diplopteridales, 658 631 Crinozoa, 656 Dipnoi, 259-260, 656 Exogyra cancellata, 468 ~a, 206, 509, 517-519, 522, 657 Diptera, 286, 505 Exogyra COSlara, 452-453,458,494 C~~gn, 201, 259-260, 262-263, 656 Discina, 501 Exogyra ponderosa, 453, 456, 460 Crustacea, 379, 381, 501-502, 655 Discinacea, 501 Cruziana, 125 Discoporella, 501 Fabrosaurus, 507 Cryptodira, 514 Docodon, 516 Favia,382 Cryptolithus, 128 Docodonta, 516-517 Favosites, 184 Cryptostomata, 184-185, 259, 380, 654 Draco, 512 Favositidae, 184 Ctenochasma, 508 Dtomaeosauria, 506 Fenestrata, 184-185, 259, 380, 654 Ctenostomata, 185,381, 500, 654 Dunkelosteus (Dinichthyes), 260 Fenesrrellina, 185 Cuniculinella, 357 Ficus, 505 Cupressaceae, 503 Echinauris parva, 377 Filicales, 266, 502-503, 658 Cyanobacteria; see Cyanophyta Ecbinodermata, 100, 108, 130-133, 140, Filicopsida, 658 Cyanophyceae, 653 193-196, 311, 380, 499, 519, 522, 656 Fisheriles occidentalis, 188 Cyanophyta, 47, 93, 653 Echinoidea, 131, 133, 193,380,499-500, Fissipeda, 638 Cycadales, 658 519, 522, 656 FIexibilia, 195, 380, 656 Cycadeoidophyta, 503-504 Edaphosauria, 387 Flexicalymene, 127 Cycadophyta, 267, 406, 503-504, 520, 658 Edaphosaurus, 387-388 Floridinella, 501 Cyclostigma, 265-266 Edentata, 641-642 Foraminiferida, 97, 132, 136, 195-196,278, Cyclostomata, 199,379, 381, 500, 654 , 507, 521 380-381,497, 522,632, 653 , 389 Edrioaster, 131 Fotdilloida, 655 Cyrtonellida. 654 Edrioasteroidea, 131-132,656 Fungi,l99 Cystoidea, 656; see also Rhombifera Ekgmowechashala, 641 Fusulinacea, 195, 278-279, 286, 289, 304, Cystoporata, 184-185,380, 654 Elaslnobranchll, 260-262, 380, 656 307-308, 311, 357, 359, 380 CYSlosrroma, 186 Elasmobrancbiomorpbi, 206, 260-262, 656 Fusulinina, 653 , 511 Dalmanellacea, 190, 376 Eleutherozoa, 656 Gallomis, 510 Dasycladaceae, 187 Ellesmerocerida, 655 Gastropoda, 100, 132, 191-192, 379, 381, Dasycladales, 657 Elrathia, 119, 128 405,408,425,494,631,654 Decapoda (Cephalopoda), 192, 493 Elrarhia kingii, 119 Gemuendina, 261 Decapoda (Crustacea), 379, 381, 501-502, Elrarhina, 121 Geomys, 649 655 Encrinus, 497 Gigantoproductus, 376 Deinonychus, 517-518 Endoceratoidea, 192 Ginkgo, 504 Deinosuchus,509 Endocerida, 655 Ginkgo biloba, 504 Dekayia, 185 Enteropneusta, 196, 656 Ginkgoales, 265, 267, 504, 520 Demospongia, 132, 187, 378, 653 Entomotaeniata, 654 Ginkgophyta, 658 Demostylus, 649 Eoasrrion, 95-96 Girtycoelia, 378 Dendroidea, 132, 181-182,259, 656 Eocaptorhinus, 388 Girtyocoelia, 377-378 Denta1ioida, 654 Eocrinoidea, 132, 656 Girvanella, 176 Dennaptera, 50S Eodiscina, 119, 125, 655 Globidens, 512 Desmograptus, 182 Eohippus; see Hyracotherium Globigerina, 498, 632 Deuterostomia, lOS, 196 Eoparajusulina, 357 Globigerinacea, 497, 632 Diacodexus, 646 Eosphaera, 96 Globorotalia, 498, 618, 632 Diadectes, 384 Eosucbia, 390, 512-513, 657 Globorotalia lruncarulinoides, 618 Diadectomorpha, 386 Eotheria, 515, 657 Globotruncana, 498 Diademon, 389 Eozosrrodon, 515 Globotruncanidae, 498, 519 Diapsida, 385, 390-391, 505-509, 512-513, Ephemeroptera, 268 Glossopteridales, 273, 503, 658 517-518 Epihippus, 645 , 273, 503 Diarthrognathus, 514 Equisetales, 263, 657 Gloltidia, 501 Diatryma, 511 Equisetum, 263 Glyptagnoslus, 128 Dibrancbiata, 493 Equus, 644, 649 Gnathostomata, 269, 656 Diceras, 495 Errantia, 132, 655 Gogia, 131 Diceratherium, 541 Erymidae, 502 Gomphoceras, 193 Dickinsonia, 109-110 Eryon, 502 Gompholherium, 648 Dictyonema, 181-182 Eryops, 302, 383-384 Goniasrrea, 382 Dictyonemajlabelli/orme, 181 Euconodonta: see Conodonta Goniatitida, 259,492, 655 706 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Goniopholis. 509 Ichthyopterygia, 657 Lunaspis. 261 Gorgonacea, 182, 654 /chthyornis. 510 Lychniscosida, 653 Graminae, 633-634 Ichthyosauria. 390,419, 511-513, 520 Lycophyta, 200, 657 Graptolithina, 132, 138, 149, 180-182,656 Ichthyosaurus. 512-513 Lycopoda, 206, 263-267, 273, 386, 502 Graptoloidea, 181-182,259,656 Ichthyostega. 262-263 Lycopodiales, 657 . 399,456,493-494, 519, 631 Ichthyostegalia, 262-264, 656 Lysorophus. 384 Guadalupia. 378 Icriodus. 198 Lyssacinosida, 653 Gymnolaemata, 184-185,654 Ictidosauria, 514 Lytoceratida, 491, 655 Gymnospermatophyta, 264, 503-504, 658 Illaenina. 655 . 636 Inadunata, 195.380,497,656 Maclurites. 192 Inarticulata, 100. 123, 129-130. 189, 376, Macluritidae, 191-192 Halimeda. 187 501,654 . 492 Hallopora. 185 Indiana. 107, 110 Magnolia. 504-505 Halysites. 183-184 Inoceramus. 417-419,421,428,459-460, Malacostraca, 655 Halysitidae, 184 494-495, 519, 631 Mammalia, 389, 505, 514-517, 634-652, 657 Hamulina, 490 Insecta, 655; see also Hexapoda Mammut.649-651 Hantkenina. 498 Insectivora, 517. 636, 640 Mammut americanum. 649-651 Haramyidae, 515 lrregu1ares, 129, 654 Mammuthus. 619, 649, 650 Hardouina. 453, 456 Ischyrinioida, 655 Mammuthus columbi. 650 Harpina, 127, 655 Ishadites ba"andei. 188 Mammuthus jeffersoni. 650 Hastigerinella. 498 lshadites dixonensis. 188 Mammuthus primigenius. 648, 650 Helcionella. 132 Ishadites koenigii. 188 Mandibulata, 655 Helicoplacoidea, 131-132, 656 Isopoda, 379, 655 Mansonites. 109 . 131 Isoptera, 505, 631 Manteodea, 505 Helicoprion. 262 Isotelus. 126, 128 Manticoceras. 492 Hennchordata, 132, 180-181, 196,656 Marattiales, 266-267, 502, 658 Hemicyciaspis. 199 Jamoytius. 199 Marrella. 133 Hercosia. 376-377 Mastodonsaurus. 384 Hercosia wideni. 377 Kakabekia. 95-96 Medlicottaceae,' 382 Hesperomis. 510-511 Knightia. 536 Medullosales, 658 Hesperomithidae, 511 Kritosaurus. 507 Megalanyx. 649 Heteractinida, 654 Kronosaurus. 511 Meganeura, 268 Heterocorallia, 182, 654 Kuehneosaurus. 512 Megascoptera, 268 . 507 Kuehneotheriidae, 515-516 Megatherium. 642 Heterostraci, 197, 199, 206 Kuehneotherium. 516 Merostomata, 132, 655 Hexactinellida, 109, 132, 187,653 Kutorginida, 654 . 541, 644 Hexactinosida, 653 Merycoidodon. 540, 647 Hexagonaria. 184 Labiduromma. 541 Mesogastropoda, 654 Hexapoda (Insecta), 268, 379, 50S, 631, 655 Labyrlnthodontia, 262, 383-384, 656 Mesohippus.644 Hibbardella. 198 Lagomorpha, 642 Mesonyx. 639, 642-643 Hindeodella. 198 Lambeosaurus. 507 Mesosauria, 386-388, 657 Hindia. 187 Latimeria. 260 .388 . 644 Lemmatophora. 268 Mesosuchia, 509 Hippidium. 644 Lemuroidea, 640 Metameria, 196 Hippurites. 495 Lepadocystites. 194 Metasequoia. 541 Hippuritoida, 495-496, 519, 631, 655 Leperditicopida, 655 Metatheria, 515-517, 636, 657 Holmia. 134 Lepidodendrales, 263-267, 657 Metazoa, 100, 107-110 Holocephali, 261, 656 . 253. 266, 502 Metriorhynchidae, 509 Holoclemensia. 516 Lepidodendropsis. 266 Metriorhynchus. 509 Holostei, 259, 380-382, 656 Lepidoptera, 505, 631 Micraroter. 384 Holothuria, 133, 180, 379 Lepidosauria, 385, 390, 419. 512-513,657 . 500 Holothuroidea, 656 Lepospondyli, 656 Microsauria, 384, 656 Homalozoa, 143, 194, 259, 656 Leptaena. 190 Miliolina, 195,497,653 Homarus. 502 Leptoceratops, 521 Millerosaurus. 387 Huroniospora. 96 Leptocycas. 503 Milliporina, 654 Hyaenodon. 637 Leptodus. 377, 495 Miohippus. 644 Hyalospongia; see Hexactinellida Leptoria. 382 Mixopterus. 188 Hybodontidae, 261-262 Lepus. 619, 649 Modiomorphoida, 655 Hydnophora. 382 Lichida, 129, 655 . 648 Hydra. 379 Ligonodina. 198 Molluscata, 196 Hydroida, 654 Limulida, 655 Molluska, 100, 132, 191-193, 196,279,323, Hydrozoa, 654 Limulus. 188 377-379, 381, 405, 407, 408, 417, 425- Hyenia1es, 657 Lingula. 130, 302, 376, 501 426,490-495,522,631,654-655 Hylonomus. 386 Lingulida, 130, 501, 654 Monaxonida, 653 Hymenoptera, 505 Lissamphibia, 385, 656 Monera, 653 Hyolitha, 655 Lithistida, 136, 180, 187, 378, 653 Monocyathida, 654 Hyolithes. 110, 132, 191 Lithorhizostomatida, 654 Monoplacophora, 132, 191,654 Hyracodon. 644-645 Lithostrotionella. 183-184 Monotremata; see Omithodelphia Hyracotherium. 643-645 Loligo. 493 Morganucodon. 515-516 .493 Morganucodontidae, 515-516 Icaronycteris. 640 , 196 Moropus. 541, 646 Icarosaurus. 390. 512 Lucina.495 Mucrospirifer. 190 TAXONOMIC INDEX 707

Multituberculata. 515-517 Ortbocerida. 193,655 Pbaretrones, 378, 653 Myalina. 377-378 Ortboptera. 268 Pbasmatodea, 505 Myodocopida. 655 Ortbotheca. 181-182 Phenacodus. 638 Myoida.655 Oryctocephalus. 126 Philhedra. 501 Myomorpha.642 Osteicbthyes, 206, 259-260, 262. 381-382, . 648 Myriapoda. 200-201. 269. 379. 655 656 Pboladomyoida. 655 Mysticeti. 643 Osteolepidae, 260, 262-263 Pboronida, 130, 196 Mytiloida. 191. 377. 655 Osteolepis. 260, 263 Phororhacos. 511 Osteostraci. 197. 199, 206 Pbylactolaemata. 184 Naiadites. 378 Ostracoda. 132, 136, 195-196.259. 302. 380. Phylloceratida, 491, 655 Nasselaria. 653 632,655 Phyllograptus. 182 Nautilida. 192-193.382.490-491.493.655 Ostrea.191,456,462,494 Physeter. 643 Nautiloidea. 132. 189. 192-193. 259. 279. Ostrea cortex. 462 Pilosa, 641-642 380.519.631.655 Ostrea cretacea, 456 Pinaceae, 503 Nautilus. 192.490-491.493 Ostreidae, 191,377-378.381.410,417,456. Pinnipeda, 638 Nautilus pompilius. 491 462, 493-494. 631 Placodermi, 260-261, 656 Nectridea. 384. 656 Ostreina, 493, 631 Placodontia, 657 Nemertina. 379 Otocerataceae. 382 Plantae, 657 Neoceratodus. 260 Oxhyaena. 637 Platanus. 505 Neogastroplites. 414-415 Oxydactylus. 647 Plateosaurus. 506 Neogastropoda. 654 Oxyrbyncha, 502 Platybelminthes, 109 Neognathae. 511-657 Plesiadapis. 640 Neoloricata. 654 Pachypleurosaurus 390 Plesiadapoidea, 640 Neopilina. 191. 196 Pagetidae. 127 , 511 Neornithes. 511. 657 . 643 Pleuracanthodii; see Xenacantbidae Neoschwagerina. 278 Paleocopida, 655 Pleurodictyum. 183 Neotrigonia. 495 Paleodicytyoptera, 268 Pleurodira, 514 Nephropidae. 502 Paleodonta,641 Pleurothoceras. 193 Nerites. 356 Paleognathae, 511. 657 Pleurotomaria. 192 Neuropteris. 264. 266 Paleo1oricata. 654 . 644 Nipponites. 490. 492 Paleospondylus. 261 Pliosaurus. 511 Nostoc, 95. 97 Palmatolepis. 198 Podocnemis. 514 Nostocales, 653 Palmoxylon. 505 Podocopida, 655 Notharctus, 640-641 , 639-640 Podocopina. 632 Nothosauria. 318. 390, 511 Pantolambda. 640 Poebrodon. 647 Nothosaurus. 318. 511 Pantotheria, 515-517 Poebrotherium. 647 Nothrotherium. 642 Pantylus. 384 Polycbaeta, 180 Nucuia, 378. 495 Pappotherium. 517 Polycystina, 653 Nuculana. 378 Paraconodontida, 656 Polypterus. 259 Nuculoida, 655 Paracrinoidea, 656 Populus. 405 . 632-633 Paradoxidacea, 127 Porifera, 132. 180, 187,311. 377-379, 519, Nummulitidae. 632-633 Paradoxides. 107, 122, 127, 134 653 Parafusulina. 357 Praecardioida, 655 Obolellida, 125. 130. 654 Parahippus.644 Priapulida. 132, 379 OOOlus, 130 Paramyidae, 642 Primates. 517, 636, 640-641 OctoconUlia. 107, 183 Paramylodon. 642 . 648-650 Octopoda. 493. 655 Paramys. 642 Procerberus. 636 Odonata. 286 Parasauroiophus. 507 Productacea, 189-190, 375-377. 380. 500 Odontoceti. 643 Pareiasauria, 387 Productidina, 654 Odontognathae. 511. 657 Parvancorina. 110 Proetida. 127. 129. 655 Odontopleurida. 129.655 Passerifonnes, 511 Proganochelys. 389 0ldhamminidina. 654 Paterinida, 130, 654 Progymnospermopsida. 658 0Ienellida,90. 117, 125-128, 134.655 Pavonia. 382 Prorichtho/enia. 376. 378 Olenellina,90. 125-128, 134.655 Pecopteris. 264 Prosauropoda. 506 Olenellus, 90, 128 , 647 Prosobrancbia, 191 Omomyidae,641 Pecten. 495, 631 Prospondylus. 378 Ondatra. 619, 649 Pelecypoda; see Bivalvia Protacrodus. 262 Onniela, 145 Pelmatozoa, 132. 136. 143, 193-195, 206, Protelytron, 268 Onycbopbora. 132 259. 497-499, 656 Protista, 653 Ophiacodon, 387 Pelycosauria, 387-389. 657 Protoavis. 510-511 Opbiacodontidae, 387-388 Penaeus. 502 Protolepidodendrales, 657 Ophiderpeton. 384 Pennatulacea, 107-108, 110, 654 Protolepidodendron. 265 Ophiomorpha. 414, 425, 452, 456-458, 502 Pentacrinites. 498-499 Protostomia, 108 Opbiuroidea, ISO, 656 Pentamerida, 189-191,259,654 Protosuchus. 509 Orbulina. 498 Pentremites. 194 Prototheria. 515. 657 Ornithiscbia, 506-507, 657 Periscboecbinoidea, 499, 656 Protoungulatum. 636-637 Ornithodelpbia (Monotremata), SIS, 657 Perissodactyla, 537, 643-646 Protozoa, 97, 195,497 Omithomimus. 506 Petalicbthyida, 656 Prozeuglodon. 643 Ornitbopoda, 506 . 390 Psaronius. 266-267 Orria. 128 Phacopida, 125, 127, 259, 655 Pseudobomiales, 657 ~da, 189-191, 259. 376, 380, 654 Phacopina, 127, 259, 655 Pseudocoe1omata, 108 ~dina, 654 Phacops. 127 Pseudomonotis. 378 708 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Pseudoschwagerina. 278 Sarcopterygii, 656 Stomatopoda, 501 Pseudostylodictyon lamottense. 186 Sassafras, 505 Stromatocerium. 186 Psilophyton. 200,262-264 Saukia. 121 Stromatopora Psilopsida, 200, 262-263 Saurischia, 506-507, 657 Stromatoporoidea, 136, 138, 140, 143-144, Pteranodon.508-509 Saurolophus. 507 ISO, 185-186, 654; see also Sclerospongiae Pteranodon ingens. 509 Smuopoda,406,427, 506, 520 Strophomenacea, 189-190, 259, 375-377, Pteraspidiomorphi, 197-199,656 Sauropodomorpha, 506 500-S01 Pteraspis. 199 Sauropterygii, 389, 656 Strophomenida, 189-191,259, 375-377, Pteridinium. 107-1OS Sawdonia.263 500-501,654 Pteridospennopsida, 206, 264, 502, 658 Scacchinella. 376-377 Strophomenidina, 654 Pteridiophyta, 264, 658 Scacchinella titan. 377 Struthiomimus, 507 Pterioida, 378,655 Scaphites. 428, 490 Sty1asterina, 654 Pterobranchia, 180, 182, 656 Scaphites vermifonnis. 428 Stylonurus, 188 Pterodactylus. 508 Scaphopoda, 191, 654 Styracosaurus. 507 Pterophyta; see Pteridiophyta Schakoinidae, 519 Suina, 646-647 Pteropoda, 133 Schizodus. 378 Sycones, 378 ~uria,419, 507-509, 657 . 357 Symmetrodontia, 515-517 . Pterygota, 656 Sciuromorpha, 642 Synapsida, 323, 387-389, 514, 657 Pterygotus. 189 Scleractinia, 183. 3SO, 654 Synthetoceros, 647 Ptilodus. 515 Sclerospongiae, 184-186.654 Syringocnematida, 654 Ptychopariida, 126-128,655 Scutellosaurus. 507 Ptychopariina, 127-128, 655 Scyphozoa, IOS-110, 133,654 Tabulata, 180, 183-184,259,380,382,654 Ptychoparioida, 259 Sebecidae. 509 Tabulospongidae, 654 Ptychtodontida, 656 Sedentaria, 132. 655 Talpaspongia, 378 Punctospiracea, 190 Selachii, 656 Tarsius, 641 Purgatorius. 517,636-637, 640 Selenoides iowensis. 188 Taxales, 658 Putapacyathida, 654 Semaeostomatida, 654 Teleosauridae, 509 Pycnogonida, 180,655 Sepia. 493 Teleosaurus, 509 Pyrrhophyta, 497, 632, 657 Sepiida, 655 Teleostei, 259, 656 Pyrus.505 Sequoia. 503 Teleostomi, 206, 259, 656 Seymouria. 383 Temnospondyli,383-384,656 Quercus. 505 Seymouriamorpha, 383-384, 386 Tentaculites, 181-182 Quetzalcoatlus. 508 Sigillaria, 266, 268, 502 Tentaculitida, 655 Quinqueloculina. 497 Sigillariales, 657 Terataspis. 126 Sinocodon. 516 Terebratulida, 189-191, 376, 500, 654 Radiolaria, 195,653 Sinocodontidae. 515-516 Tetonius, 641 Radiolites. 495-496 Siphonales, 657 Tetragraptus. 182 Rangea. 107 Siphonaptera, 631 Tetrapoda, 656 Receptaculitida, 187-188, 654 Siphonodella. 198 Teuthida, 655 Redlichiida, 127,655 Siphonodentalioida, 654 Textulariina, 195, 653 Redlichiina, 125, 127, 655 Siphonophorida, 654 Thallatosaurus, 390 Regulares, 129, 654 Sirenia. 649 Thallophyta, 657 Reptilia, 278-279, 321, 385-391, 406, 505- Skolithos. 90, 107, 168 Thamnopora, 183 509, 511-514, 517-519, 656 Smilodectes. 640 Thecideida, 654 Rhachitomi, 383-384 Solemyoida, 655 Thecodontia, 322, 390-391, 505-506, 657 Rhamphorhynchus. 507 Solenopora, 186 Thelodonti, 197-199 Rhenanidae, 261. 656 Solenoporacea, 186-187, 657 Thelodus, 199 Rhipidistia, 260, 262, 264, 656 Sowerbyella. 145 Therapsida, 389, 657 Rhizacyathida, 654 Sphaeractinida, 654 Theria, 515-517, 632-652, 657 Rhizopodea, 653 Sphenacodon, 388-389 Theriodontia, 389, 514 Rhizostomatida, 654 Sphenacodontia, 388-389 Theropoda, 506, 518-519 Rhodophyta, 96, 186, 657 Sphenodon. 513 . 521 Rhombifera, 144, 193-194, 259, 656 Sphenophyllales, 657 Tintinnida, 653 Rhus. 505 Sphenopsida, 206, 263-267, 502, 657 Tracheophyta, 657 Rhynchocephalia, 390, 512-513, 657 Sphinctozoa, 519, 653 Trachylinida, 654 Rhynchonellida, 189-191,259,376,500-501 Spiriferacea, 189-190 Tragulus. 647 Rhynia. 200, 262-264 Spiriferida, 189-191, 259, 376, 654 Trematosaurus. 384 Rhyniophyta, 200, 262-265, 657 Spirotrichia, 653 Trepostomata, 184-185, 259, 380, 654 Ribeirioida, 654 Spirula. 192,493 Triadobatrachus, 385 Rodentia, 642 Spongiomorphida, 654 , lOS, 110, 131 Romeria. 386 Spongiostromales, 653 . 428-430, 507, 521, 532 Rostroconchia, 132, 654 Spriggina. 109-110 Trichoptera, 505 Rostrospiracea, 189-190 Spumellaria, 653 Triconodonta, 515-517 Rotaliina, 195,497-498,632.653 Squamata, 512-513, 657 Tridacna. 381,495 Rotaliporidae, 519 Stegosaurus. 506-507 Trigonia, 494-495 Roveacrinida, 498-499 Steno1aemata, 184-185, 654 Trigonidae, 495, 519, 631 Rugosa, 183-184, 259, 380, 382, 654 Stenopterygius. 512 Trigonioida, 655 Rusophycus. 125 Stereospondyli, 384 Trigonotarbida, 201 Rutiodon. 390 Ste"opterygion. 262 Trilobita, 100, 110, 117, 122-123, 125-129, Stigmaria. 265-266 133-134, 138, 140, 189, 258-259, 269, Saccocoma, 498-499 Stigonematales, 653 380,655 Saltopsuchus. 391,505 Sto1onoidea. 181, 656 Trilobitoidea, 655 TAXONOMIC INDEX 709

Trilobitomorpha, 132-133, 655 UUuatherium. 537,639, 640 Xenacanthidae, 261-262 Triloculina. 497 Ulmophyllum, 505 Xenacanthus. 262 Trilophodon. 648 Unionoida, 655 Xiphosuria, 379, 655 Trimerophytophyta, 657 Urochordata, 196 Xylobus. 268 Trinucleina, 126-128, 655 Urodela, 385 Triplesiidina, 654 Yabeina. 357 Triticites. 278 Varanosaurus. 387 Yaleosaurus (Anchisaurus), 506 Trituberculata, 515, 657 Venericardia. 495 Yangchienia. 278 Tryblidoidea, 654 Veneroida, 655 Yoldia.495 Tuboidea, 180, 656 , 357, 359 , 390, 512 Tubuliporata, 184-185 Vertebrata, 132, 136, 139, 189, 196-201, Turrilites. 490 262-263,278, 302,321, 383-391, 406, Zacanthoides. 128 Turritella. 458 505-509,511-519,634-652,656-657 Zamia floridana. 504 , 647 Zaphrentis. 183 Tylosaurus proriger. 512-513 Waptia. 133 Zosterophyllophyta, 657 . 507, 521 Wedekindellina. 278 Zosterophyllum. 200,263-264 Williamsonia. 503 UUdacrUrlda, 498-499 Wyattia. 109, 191 Uintacrinus, 498-499 Subject Index

The nature of this index is largely self-evident; however, ic units per se appear in the Stratigraphic Index but refer• several usages or absences bear noting. Topics are omitted ences to sedimentary basins appear herein. References to if they feature both extensive text coverage and clearly de• fossil organisms are similarly omitted here and placed in the marcated entries in the Table of Contents; such topics in• Taxonomic Index; exceptions are those important taxa with clude most continental regions, physiographic provinces, common names not readily related to their formal tax• time and time-stratigrapic intervals, and other major en• onomic name (e.g., mosasaurs are listed under Squamata; tities. Index entries are given where references to the above dinosaurs include several taxa, none conventionally termed are scattered through the book. All references to stratigraph- "Dinosauria' ').

Abenaki Platfonn, 444 Algonquin Arch, 149 Antler tectonic land, 205, 252, 289, 291, 351- Abitibi Greenstone Belt, 14-17,20-21,30- Allegheny detrital wedge, 165 355,365 31 Allegheny Mountains, 274, 279 Appalachian-Caledonian orogen, 14 , 533, 535-537 Allegheny orogeny, 71, 92, 157, 159,234, Appalachian Basin, 153, 165,203,208,210, Acadian detrital wedge, 165, 213, 218-219, 280, 301-302, 324-325, 330-331, 345, 213,218,222,229-230,234,238,240- 230, 234-236, 238 469 243,253, 271, 275, 277, 279-281, 283, Acadian Highlands, 206, 212, 218, 222, 226, Alligators; see Crocodilia (Taxonomic Index) 286,297,300-302,371 237,285 Alpha Cordillera, 487 Appalachian Highlands, 280, 288, 300 Acadian orogen, 203, 232 Alpha-Mendeleyev Ridge, 394,487-489 Appalachian Mountains in general, 4, 10,64, Acadian orogeny, ISS, 157-159, 168, 203, Amarillo Uplift, 332, 341-342 68, 75, 88, 92, 154-155, 203, 274, 326, 218,230,233-234,236,325,330 Amber deposits, 631 335,338, 351, 375, 393, 444, 449 Actopan Platform, 450 Amchitka Island, 595 Appalachian "Revolution," 324 Actua1ism, 4, 6-7, 72-73, 101 Amerasian Basin, 394, 486-488, 611 Central Appalachian orogen, 70, ISS, 167, Adirondack Highland line, 70 Amino acid racemization dating technique, 652 230, 238, 324-325 Adirondack Highlands, 68, 70 eggs, 384-386 Maritime Appalachian orogen, 154, 230 Adirondack Lowlands, 70, 72 Amundsen Basin, 61, 67 Northern Appalachian orogen, 70, ISS, 349 Adirondack Mountains, 625 Anadarko Basin, 139, 219, 244, 285, 291, Southern Appalachian orogen, 70, ISS, 157, Aftonian Interglacial, 620 294, 312-313, 331, 333,338, 341 164, 167, 230-231, 233, 285, 313, 324, Alabama-New York lineament, 74 Anahim belt, 603-604 350 ~Range, 622-623 Ancestral Cordillera, 571 Apparent polar-wandering, 100 Alaska Range orogeny, 462, 479-480 Ancestral Rocky Mountain system, 87, 289- Arbuckle Anticline, 341 Alberta Basin, 212, 218, 412, 529 290, 294-295, 313, 318, 575 Arbuckle facies, 244 Alberta Thrust, 474, 477 Anderson-Great Slave shelf, 208 Arbuckle Mountains, 208, 243, 285, 312, 338, Alberta Uplift, 249 Andros Island (Bahamas), 373 342 Aleutian Range-Talkeetna Mountains plutonic Angiosperms; see Anthophyta (Taxonomic Arbuckle orogeny, 338, 342 belt, 479-480, 569, 587, 593, 616, 623 Index) Archean Eon Aleutian Basin, 569 Animikie Basin, 47 actualistic tectonic models, 28, 33 Aleutian Trench, 566, 593-594 Anthracite coal fields, 279-280, 300 asthenosphere, 33-34, 36-37 Aleutian Volcanic Arc, 160, 570, 587, 595 Anticosti Island (Quebec), 148 atmosphere, 21-23 Alexander terrane, 359, 364-365, 369, 478 Antilles, 550 classical tectonic models, 28 Algae; see individual taxa Antler Foreland Basin, 224, 252-253, 289, crust, 35-36 Algal structures, 12,93-97, 106, 115, 143, 352 geothermal gradient, 18, 22, 33-35, 38 304, 314; see also Stromatolites Antler orogeny, 176, 205, 213, 218, 248-251, high-grade terranes, 9, 13,24, 27, 30, 34, Algave Basin (portugal), 351 253, 294, 360, 573 38 Algoma-type BIF, 21 Antler overlap sequence, 355 lithosphere, 34, 36-37 711 712 SUBJECT INDEX

Archean Eon (cont.) Bering land bridge (Beringia), 623, 634, 644, Cadomian orogenic belt (Normandy and Brit• unifonnitarian tectonic models, 28 652 tany),232 see also Greenstone belts Bering Sea, 569, 623, 650 Calcareous algae; see Chlorophyta; Rho• Arctic Archipelago, 616 Bering Sea Basin, 569, 571 dophyta; individual taxa (Taxonomic Arctic Coastal Plain, 169, 524, 611, 615 Bering Shelf, 569-571, 627 Index) Arctic Ocean, 393-394, 402, 406, 412, 451, Bering submarine canyon, 592 Caledonian orogeny, 64, 67, 136 482,484,486-487,522-524,532,629- Berlcley Hills, 608 Cambridge Arch, 212 630 Berkshire Mountains (Massachusetts), 70, ISS, Cambridge-Central Kansas Arch, 111 Arctic Platfonn, 168, 254-256 161 Camp Century ice core, 618 Arcto-Tertiary flora, 634 Big Badlands (South Dakota), 527, 539 Campeche Escarpment, 439, 441, 446 Arcturus Basin, 292 Big Bend Park (Texas), 537 Campeche knolls, 438-439 Ardmore Basin, 285, 294, 332-333, 338, 342 Bighorn Basin, 529-530, 533, 540, 572 Canada Basin, 486 Arduino, Giovanni, 524 , 573 Canadian (Arctic) Archipelago, 107, 122-123, AJkomaBasin,244, 284-285, 297, 332, 336- Big Round Top (Gettysburg battlefield), 349 168, 171,255,487 337, 340-341 Big Snowy Basin, 229 Canadian Maritime Provinces, 350 Aroostook-Matapedia Trough, 155-156, 160, Bioclastic carbonates, 143-144 Canadian Rocky Mountains, 616, 622 232 Bioherms; see Reefs Canadian Shield, 4, 10, 39-40, 56, 73, 99, Ashland-Wedowee Belt, 158 Bituminous sands; see Hydrocarbons 121, 144, 148-149, 218,222,226,229, Astoria submarine fan, 595 Black Hills Uplift, 75-76, 78, 297, 315,409, 257, 283, 285, 288-289, 297 Athabasca Basin, 58-60 414,417,419,533,539,573 Cape Fear Arch, 393, 436, 443, 453-454, Athabasca tar sands, 412-413 Black Rock Desert, 357, 363 550, 556, 558 Athapuscow Aulacogen, 39, 61, 65-67 Black Warrior Basin, 240-243, 247-248, Cape Fear River, 562 Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Provinces, 393-394, 335-336 Cape Hatteras (North Carolina), 554 397,431,451,494,509,523,528,543- Blacks Harbour Basin, 237 Cape Lisburne (Alaska), 483 544,627 Blake Escarpment, 447, 453-454 Cape Lookout (North Carolina), 554 Atlantic Coastal Plain, 48, 346-347, 350, Blake Plateau, 351, 433, 435-436, 447, 453- Cape Phillips slope facies, 255 431,433,443-445,451-452,455,634 455 Cape Smith Fold Belt, 52-53, 55-56 Augusta Fault, 159 Blake Plateau Basin, 431, 433, 438, 445-447, Carbon-14 dating; see Radiocarbon dating Aulacogen, 39 453-454, 545, 555, 560 Caribbean Coast Ranges, 550 Avalon Peninsula (Newfoundland), 107, 156, Blake Spur, 545 Carnotite, 276, 322,404 159 Blake Spur magnetic anomaly, 433, 435 Carolina Platform, 433 Avalon Terrane (Avalonia), 122, 157, 159, fauna, 619, 649 Carolina Slate Belt, 107-108, 122, 127, 159- 231-234 Blount detrital wedge, 136, 146, 164-165 160,231,233-234,238,330, 347 Avalonian orogeny, 156, 159, 231 Blue Mountains, 581, 585, 603 Carolina Trough, 431, 433, 435-436 Axel Heiberg Island, 371, 482, 611, 613 Blue-green algae; see Cynaophyta (Taxonomic Carolina-Virginia delta, 237 Index) Cartersville Trough, 158 Baffin Bay, 611, 613 Blue Ridge Province, 70-71, 88, 92, 157- Cascades Range, 474-475, 524, 581, 590, Baffin Bay rift, 613-614 158, 233, 325-327, 330, 344 594, 622-623 Baffin Island, 482 central core, 158 Cascades Volcanic Arc, 610 Bahama Banks, 101, 103,445,447-448,450, eastern belt, 158, 164 Cascadia, 472 454-455,523 western belt, 158 Catalina Basin, 598-599 Bahama Platform, 373 see also Appalachian orogen CataJina Mountains, 537 Baird Mountains, 169 Boothia Arch, 168, 174 Catastrophism, 624 Baja Peninsula, 160, 464, 594, 608 Borden Basin, 59-60 Cathedral Range intrusive epoch, 467-468 Baltica, 100, 106, 137 Borden delta front, 239 Catskill Delta clastic wedge, 230, 234; see Baltimore Canyon Trough, 431, 433, 436, Borderland terranes; see Suspect terranes also Acadian detrital wedge 445,452,544,555,560,563 Boreal rifting event, 611-613 Cedar Creek Anticline, 252 Banded iron formation, 9, 17, 20-21, 23-26, Boulder Batholith, 374 Cedar Ridge Glaciation, 622 29, 47, 53, 87 Boundary Range, 623 Central American land bridge, 634, 650 Barberton Mountain Land (South Africa), 9, Bowers Basin, 569 Central Basin Platfonn, 307-308, 310 14-15, 17-19,29-30, 34 Bowers Ridge, 569, 571 Central Colorado Basin, 292-294, 318, 320 Barents Shelf, 487 Bowser Assemblage, 473 Central Kansas Arch; see Transcontinental- Barred-lagoon model of evaporite deposition, Bowser Basin, 472-474, 476 Central Kansas Arch 151-152 Brandywine terrace, 562 Central Maine Volcanic Belt, ISS, 162 Basin and Range Province, 77, 249,346,523, Breakup unconformity, 433 Central Melange terrane, 368 543, 566, 593-595, 600, 602, 604-606, Brevard Zone, 158, 327, 331 Central Metamorphic belt (Klamath Moun- 608,610 British Mountains, 169, 256 tains), 368 Batesville Channel, 222, 227-228, 335 Brock Inlier, 67 Central Montana Trough, 219, 229 Bathurst Aulacogen, 61, 65 Bronn, Heinrich, 524 Central Montana Uplift, 252 Bear Province, 10, 39, 60-61 Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, 155-156, 160- Central North American rift (CNARS), 12 Beartooth Mountains, 533 163,231-232,234 Central Piedmont suture, 159 Beartooth Uplift, 573 Brooks Range, 169,255-257,370-371,374- Central stable area (Innuitian area), 168 Beaufort Uplift, 370, 374 375, 394, 483-484, 615-616, 622 Chaeops Pyramid (Giza, Egypt), 632 Becraft Mountain, 162 Brothers Fault, 586 Chalk deposits, 397, 406-407, 416, 419, 496, Belair Belt, 159-160, 234 Bryce Canyon National Park, 534, 606 512 Belcher Fold Belt, 52-53, 55 Bull Lake Glaciation, 622-623 Challis-Absaroka Arc, 582-583, 586 Belt Basin, SO, 87-88 Butte Fault, 83 Champlainian (Tyrell) Sea, 628 Belt Island, 399, 401 , 623-624 Bentleytenace, 565 Charlotte Belt, 159-160, 231, 233-234, 330; Bentonites, 146,322,404-405, 414,417, Cabin Creek delta, 237-238 see also Appalachian orogen 419-421, 425-426, 539 Caddo Shelf, 331 Chatham sag, 210 SUBJECT INDEX 713

Chatham Strait Fault, 600 Coppermine Arch, 67, 168.254 Dinosaur National Monument, 406 Cbaudiere Nappes (Quebec), 155 Coprolites. 406 Dinosaurs, 322-323, 405, 423, 427-430, Chauga belt, 158 Coquiballa belt, 472 505-507; see also individual taxa Cherski Mountains, 487 Coral; see Anthozoa (Taxonomic Index) Dioecious plants, 504 Cheyenne shear zone, 76-78 Coralline Algae; see Rbodophyta (Taxonomic Discoasters, 496-497, 632 Chichagof-Baranof Fault, 600 Index) Displaced terranes, 357; see also Suspect Chichagof Island, 475 Cordilleran foredeep basin, 289, 318 terranes Chilliwack Batholith, 583 Cordilleran geosyncline. 174 Diversity, taxonomic; see Specific diversity China, Ancestral, 207 Cordilleran glacier complex, 616, 622 Drape folding, 523, 573-574 Choctaw Fault, 333, 337 Cordilleran Mountains, 407-408, 412 Dry Mountain trough, 355 Chugash terrane, 480, 569 Cordilleran orogen. 10, 14, 292, 322, 394, Dunkard Basin, 275 Chukchi Basin, 485 398, 404, 415 Chukotski Peninsula, 487 Cordilleran region, 205, 398,425 Eagle Basin, 292-293, 320 Churchill Province, 10,39-40,52,55,57, Cornwall Arch, 254, 612, 614 East Africa Rift System, 92, 436, 526, 604 59-61, 75-76 Cornwallis Fold Belt, 168-169, 174 East ~t magnetic anomaly, 433, 435, 437 Cincinnati Arch, 137, 166,208, 219, 225, Coronation continental margin, 61, 64 East Greenland Fold Belt, 167, 174 230,238 COST (Continental Offshore Stratigraphic East Kootenay orogeny, 83-84, 87-88 Circle Cliffs Uplift, 573 Test) wells, 433 East Texas Embayment, 459 Circum-Superior Belt, 39, 41, 48, 52, 56-57, Crater Lake, 610 East Warrior Platform, 240-242, 247 61,69 Cratonic basins; see individual basin Eastern Nain Province, 39 Circum-Ungava Mobile Belt, II, 52 Cratonic sequences, 99, 103-104 Eastern Piedmont Fault Systern, 159 Clarlt Fork River, 623 Cratonic tectonics, 102 Eastern Shelf (Texas), 343-344 Clinotbem, 373, 549 emergent episodes, 102, 104,381 Eastern Slate Belt; see Carolina Slate Belt Coahuila Province (Mexico), 438 oscillatory episodes, 102, 104, 274, 288, Eastern Triassic-Jurassic Basins, 87, 344, Coal, 281, 283, 285-287, 297-300, 302,404, 295-296 433,435 406, 415-416, 419, 421, 423, 427-430, submergent episodes, 102, 104,406 Echo Cliffs Uplift, 573 529-530 Crazy Mountains. 574 Ediacarian-Cambrian boundary, 106, 108, Coal swamps, Paleozoic, 287-288 Criner Hills Uplift, 243, 285, 294, 332, 337, 1l0, 117 Coast Plutonic Complex, 474, 477-478, 569, 340-341 Ediacarian Period, terminology, 106 586 Cripple Creek mining area, 541 Edw~Plateau,450 ~tRanges,466,470, 566, 581-582, 595, Cryophilic organisms, 95 Eglington Graben, 613 606,608 Cuba, 443,445, 550 El Capitan (West Texas), 311-312 Coastal Volcanic Arc, 156, 231-232 Cuban-Antilles Arc, 550, 555 El Doctor Platform, 450 Coates Scarp, 562 Culpeper Basin. 346-348 El Paso Mountains, 365 Cobalt Plain, 43 Cumberland Plateau, 242 Eleana Trough, 252 Coccoliths; see Coccolithophyceae (Taxonomic Cussewago delta, 237 Elk Point Basin, 208 Index) Cuyama Basin, 599 Elkhorn Mountains, 423-424, 428 COCORP (Consortium for Continental Seismic Cuyuna Range, 46-48 Ellesmere detrital wedge, 256 Reflection ProfIling), 71, 78, 92, 327, Cycads; see Cycadophyta (Taxonomic Index) Ellesmere-Green1and Fold Belt, 168 329 Cyclical sedimentation, 241, 271-272, 281, , 107,371,374, 611 Coharie terrace, 562 283, 312 Ellesmere orogen, 219, 226, 256 Colorado Mineral Belt, 574 Cyclothems, 297-300, 303,415 Ellesmere orogeny, 206, 254-256, 371,482, Colorado Plateau, 275, 318-323, 409, 601, "ideal", 281, 283, 285-286, 288 487 604,606 phases, 285-288 Ellesmere-Baffin glacier complex, 616 Colorado River, 608 see also Sea-level variations Ellis Arch, 291 Colorado Trough, 289 Ely (Hogan) Basin, 296, 353, 355 Columbia Plateau, 594, 603-604, 610 Dana, James Dwight, 75 Endicott Mountains, 169 Columbia River, 595, 603, 623 Danian Stage controversy, 520-521 Endothermy, dinosaur, 517-519 Columbia River Basalt Plateau, 566,602 Danville Basin, 346-348 Ensialic orogens, 39 Columbian orogen, 473, 571 Death Valley, 80, 83, 86 Eocambrian; see Ediacarian Columbian orogeny, 462, 566, 586 Death Valley Fault Zone, 174, 601, 604-606 Eolian deposits, 318, 322-323 Columbian Zwischengebirge (Intermontane Death Valley-Furnace Creek Fault, 174 Epeirogeny, epeiric seas, 101-104 belt), 586 Deccan trap (India), 603 Epworth Basin, 61, 64, 67 Colville Basin, 394, 483-484 Deep River Basin, 346-348 Essaouira Basin (Morocco), 351 Comanche Plateau, 449-450 Defiance Uplift, 321, 573 Euconodonts; see Conodonta (Taxonomic Committee Fold Belt, 11,59,61 Delaware Basin, 291, 307-312 Index) Commuruties, ~c, 143 Delaware River, 563 Eugene-Denio Fault, 586 Concho Platform, 331, 337, 341-343 Delmarva Peninsula, 560 Eurasian Basin, 486-487, 524, 611 Connecticut Basin, 346-348 DeLong Mountains, 169 Eurkean orogeny, 480, 524, 611-614 Connecticut Valley-Gaspe Trough, 155, 231. Denali Fault, 480 Eurkean rifting event, 613 233 , 529-530, 533, 540, 572 Euryhaline organisms, 153 Conodonts; see Conodonta (Taxonomic Index) Deshayes, Paul, 524 Eustatic sea-level changes; see Sea-level Continental borderlands. 595 De Soto Canyon, 455 variations Continental-margin sediment prisms, 39, 431 Dezadeash Basin, 472-473 Evaporites, 103, 135, 149-152, 271, 274, Cook Inlet, 478, 569. 593 Diablo Uplift, 291 311-315, 321-322, 350-351, 371-372, Cook Inlet Basin. 480. 593 Diamictites, 84, 86-88, 92, 246-252, 255 393,399,406,436,438,535-536 Cooper Basin Trough. 252 Diatoms; see Chrysophyta (Taxonomic Index) Even-toed ; see Artiodactyla (Tax• Cope, Edward D., 404-405 Diatremes, 139, 150 onomic Index) Copenhagen Canyon, 176 Dicotyledonous angiosperms, 505 Evolution Copper Basin. 293. 353 Dinoflagellates; see pyrrbophyta (Taxonomic bradytelic ("living fossils"), 501 Copper Basin Uplift, 353-354 Index) iterative. 491 714 SUBJECT INDEX

Evolution (com.) Uplift, 208, 289, 292-293, 303- Greenstone belts (cont.) monophyletic, 644 305,312-313,321,531, 533, 573 economic deposits, 13 polyphyletic, 389,499 Front Ranges, Rocky Mountains, 78, 312, greenstone belts, 9, 12-14, 27-32, 34, 37 punctuated equilibrium models, 262 368,412,429,529,537,574 igneous rocks, 28 "racial senescence," 376, 381,490 Frontal Ouachitas, 246, 333, 337-338 see also Archean Eon radiations and diversifications, 138, ISO Frontier Basin, 294 Greenville plutonic belt, 232 Extinctions Fundy Basin, 242, 347 Grenville orogen, 12,39-41,43,52,68,70, asteroid impact models, 520-522 72,80,88 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 519-522, Gakkel Ridge, 487, 611 Grenville tectonic front, 43, 68-69, 73 650 Gander terrane, 162 Gros Ventre Uplift, 573 Late Devonian mass extinctions, 258-259 Garibaldi arc, 610 Ground sloths; see Pilosa; individual genera Permo-Triassic boundary, 271, 379-381 Garlock Fault, 579, 594 (Taxonomic Index) Pleistocene mass extinction, 634, 650-652 Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec), 155, 161 Growth faults, 281, 285 Exuma Sound (Bahamas), 436 Gass Peak thrust, 469 Guadalupe Mountains, 311 Gay-Fink delta, 237-238 Gulf Coastal Plain, 243, 335, 337-338, 344, Facies fossils; see Fossils, facies fossils Geohermal gradient; see Archean Eon 393-394,431,437-438,443-446,449, Fairweather Fault, 600 Georges Bank Basin, 431, 433,451, 544 451,453,523,544,631,633 Faja de Oro P1atfonn, 450 Georgia Basin, 394, 478, 568 Gulf of Alaska, 623 Fall line, Atlantic and Gulf regions, 451, 548 Gettysburg Basin, 344-349 Gulf of California, 594, 607-608 Falls of the Ohio, 210 Glacial lakes; see individual lake Gulf of Mexico, 274, 338, 365, 393-397, F~~, 346-348,534, 601, 612 Glacio-isostatic rebound, 619, 625-626 406,412,431,448,451,532,544,550 Fara1Ion Plate, 523-524, 568, 576, 585, 588, Glass Mountains, 308-312 Gulf Stream, 397, 454-455, 545, 558, 629 605 Glauconitic sediments, 402, 404, 414 Gunflint Range, 46-48 Fara1Ion Ridge, 586, 588 Glen Canyon, 323, 606 Fannville Basin, 346 Goat Rock Fault, 158-159 Hamburg Klippe, 155 Fayum Depression (Egypt), 648 Golconda allochthon, 359-363 Hardeman Basin, 341 Fernie-Laberge Basin, 394 Golconda Thrust, 357 Hastings Basin, 72 Ferns; see Pteridiophyta (Taxonomic Index) Golden Lane Platform, 450 Havallah Basin, 360 Findlay Arch, Ill, 137,208,225,283 Goler Basin, 579 Havallah sequence, 356 Fmger Lakes, 627 Golfo do Campeche, 438 Hay River Basin, 208, 212, 218 Fishes Gondwanaland, 100, 134,204,207,242,248, Hayden, Frederick V., 416 early occurrences, 199 272, iso, 288, 330, 338, 340, 389, 526 Hayford-North Fode terrane, 358-359 fish-bone and fish-scale beds, 414-415, Gorda Ridge, 588 Haynesville-Fries fault, 158, 162 419-420 Grand Banks, 350, 436 Hazelton-Nicola volcanic arc, 394, 472-473 fish-tail morphologies, 259-261 Grand Banks Basin, 350,431,436 Hazelton-Omineca magmatic arc, 476 see also individual taxa (Taxonomic Index) Grand Canyon-Mackenzie Mountains Distur• Hazelton Trough, 471 Flake tectonics, 360-361 bance, 87-88 Hazen Trough, 171-173, 254-257 Flint River, 555 Grand Canyon, 78, 84, 86, 229 Helderberg platform, 233 Florida-Bahamas area, 523 of the Colorado River, 80, 82, 118, 319- Hemphilloblancan fauna, 649 Florida Current, 397, 455 320,606 Hepburn metamorphic-plutonic belt, 61, 63, Florida-Hatteras Shelf and Slope, 445, 453- orogeny, 83-84 67-68 455, 545, 559 Grandfather Mountain Window, 327 Hercynide orogen (Europe), 344, 351 Florida Platfonn, 433, 445, 447-448, 454 Graptolitic facies, 124, 172 Heteromorphs, ammonites, 490, 492 Florida Straits, 394,455,545 Grasses; see Graminae (Taxonomic Index) Hexacoral; see Scleractinia (Taxonomic Index) Florida Uplift (Cordilleran region), 289, 291 Gravina-Nuzotin plutonic belt, 478 High-grade terranes; see Archaean Eon Flying reptiles; see Pterosauria (Taxonomic Gray gneisses, 24-25, 28 Hingelines; see Tectonic hingelines Index) Great Basin, 75, 174, 176, 314, 357, 362, HiSpaniola, 550 Flysch facies, 23, 64-66, 206, 248, 253, 256, 366,543,587,591,600,606,608 Hogan Basin; see Ely Basin 283, 334, 336, 354 Great Bear Batholith, 61, 64 Hogbacks, 409 Fondothem, 373 Great , 627 Holston Mountain Fault, 158 Foothills suture, 363 Great Lakes; 135, 148, 616, 620, 625-627; Horseshoe Atoll, 307-308 Forest City Basin; see Midcontinent Basin see also individual lakes Horsetails; see Equisetum (Taxonomic Index) Form-genera, usage, 264 Great Lakes tectonic zone, 43, 49 Hot-blooded dinosaur hypothesis; see Endo- Fort Chadboume System, 337 Great Plains, 537, 539-543, 606 thermy, dinosaur Fort Worth Basin, 331-333, 336, 340-341 Great Salt Lake, 610, 616, 628 Hottah terrane, 61, 64, 67 Fossil Forest, Yellowstone National Park; see Great Slave Lake, 627 Housatonic Highlands, ISS Lamar River Fonnation (Stratigraphic Great Smokey Fault, 158, 327 House Range (Utah), 119 Index) Great Smokey Mountains, 90, 161 Houston Embayment, 556 Fossils Great Valley, 567, 595 Hudson Bay, 99, 137, 148, 150,628 facies fossils, 149 Great Valley fore-arc basin, 470 Hudson Highlands (New Yodel, 70 index fossils, 279, 316,407; see also indi• Greenbrier Thrust, 161 , 627 vidual taxa (Taxonomic Index) Green Mountain-Sutton Mountain Anti• Hudson submarine canyon, 627 trace fossils, 123; see also individual taxa clinorium, 155, 161, 163-164 Hudsonian orogeny, 40, 48-50, 53, 57-58, (Taxonomic Index) Green Mountains (Vermont), 70, ISS, 162, 60, 68, 72, 75-76, 78; see also Penokean Four Comers area, 289, 318 625 orogeny Fox River Belt, 55-56 Green River Basin, 530, 533-536, 542, 572, Humans in North America, 641, 650-652 Foxe Basin, 168 639 Humber Arm allochthon, ISS, 161 Foxe Fold Belt, 58, 61 Greenland ice cap, 616 Humboldt Highlands, 353-355, 360 Franciscan Trench, 470, 567-568 Greenstone belts Humboldt orogeny, 353-355 Fraser Fault, 471 2.8-2.6-Byr type, 13 Humboldt Range, 358 Fraser Glaciation, 623 >3.O-Byr type, 13 Huntington arc terrane, 368 SUBJECT INDEX 715

Huntington Lake intrusive epoch, 467-468 Kings Mountain Belt, 158, 234, 330 Llanoria, 335-336 Hutton, James, 4, 17 Kings sequence, 366-367 Loess, 543, 620 Hwang-Ho (China), 404 Kingston Range, 83 Lomonosov Ridge, 486-488, 611 Hydrocarbons Kiokee Belt, 159-160,234,330 Long Island Platform, 433 bituminous (tar) sands, 412-413 Klamath fauna, 357, 359 Long Range (Newfoundland), 70 natural gas, 421, 427 Klamath Mountains, 178, 249-250, 357-358, Los Angeles Basin, 599, 606 oil shales, 535 360-361, 362, 365, 368, 464, 468, 581- Lusitania Basin (Portugal), 351 petroleum, 285,294,420-421,427 583 Lusk Embayment, 297 Hyperdactyly, 512 Knight, Charles R., 406 Lyell, Charles, 4, 524 Hyperphalangy; 389-512, 642; see also Knolls; see Reefs Lyellian curves, 524-525, 619, 631 Hyperdactyly Kodiak-Kenai plutonic belt, 478 Lystric faults, 325 Hypersubsidence, 292, 294 Kolymski plate, 487-488 Komandorsky Basin, 569 Mackenzie Mountains, 80, 82, 86 Iapetos (Iapetus) Ocean, Ill, 134, 136-137, Komatiites, 17-18, 25-26, 34-35 , 171 232 Koyukuk Basin, 484 Madra-Tertiary flora, 634 Ibbitt Bay starved basin facies, 255 Krill; see Euphausiacea (Taxonomic Index) Magnetic reversal chronology, 618 Ibex Basin, 174 Kula plate, 571, 585 -like reptiles; see Therapsida (Tax- Ice cores, 618-619 Kula Ridge, 566, 570, 578, 586-587, 593 onomic Index) Ichnofossils; see Fossils, trace fossils Kuroshio (Japan) Current, 629 Mammals Idaho Batholith, #8, 475 Kuskokwim River Valley, 623 Mesozoic, 427, 430, 514-517 IUinois Basin, 153,207-208,210,211,213, molar teeth morphologies, 515-516, 637, 218,222-223,227,277,281,283-285, La Have Basin, 433 642, 644, 648-649 297-299, 302-303, 335-336, 371 Laberge-Fernie Basin, 473 tooth formulae, 636, 642-643 Illinois Glaciation, 616, 620 Labrador region, 39, 624 see also individual taxa (Taxonomic Index) Imina flysch facies, 255 Labrador Sea, 397, 611 ; see Ma:mmuthus; individual spe- Index fossils; see Fossils, index fossils Labrador Shelf Basin, 431 cies (Taxonomic Index) Infracambrian; see Ediacarian Labrador Trough, 52-53, 55, 69 Man; see Humans Inldinian orogeny, 369,462,471-472 Ladron Mountains, 79 Manitoulin Island, 148-149 Inner Piedmont Province, 92, 158, 161, 164, , 628 Manzano Mountains, 79 234,330; see also Appalachian orogen Lake Athabaska, 627 Marathon Basin, 340, 342, 344 Innuitian continental margin, 168-174,206, , 610, 628 Marathon Orogenic Belt, 291 253-258,369-375,480-489,524,611- Lake Champlain, 140, 143, 230 Marathon region, 294 616 Lake Columbia, 624 Marfa Basin, 291, 307-310 Innuitian Fold Belt, 169, 255 Lake Gosiute, 534-537 Marietta Basin, 338, 342 Innuitian orogen, 10 Lake Huron, 148, 627-628 Marine cycles; see Cyclothems; Sea-level Insects; see Hexapoda (Taxonomic Index) , 610, 628 variations Interior Belt, 75, 78-79,80 Lake McConnell, 628 Markley Gorge, 580, 588 Interlake Basin, 208; see also Williston Basin Lake Michigan, 627-628 Marsh, Othniel C., 405-406, 504 Intennontane basins; see particular basins Lake Missoula, 623-624 ; see Mammut americanum (Tax- Interwedge carbonates, 165, 234 -Barlow, 628 onomic Index) Inyo Mountains, 355,463,468 Lake Ontario, 146,627-628 Mauritanide orogen (northwestern Africa), 154 Inyo Mountains intrusive epoch, 467 Lake Superior, 41, 50-51, 95, 627-628 Mazon Creek fauna, 133,269,378-379 Iridium anomalies, 520-521 Lake Timiskaming, 148 McDonald Fault, 65 Iron deposits, 149-150, 378; see also Banded Lake Uinta, 535-536 McLoughlin Fault, 586 iron formation Lampreys; see Agnatha (Taxonomic Index) Meade Arch, 484 Irvingtonian fauna, 619, 649 Lancaster Sound aUlacogen, 613, 614 Meadow Lake Escarpment, 212 Lancian fauna, 636 , 76-78 Jackson Dome, 461 Land plants; see Vascular plants Meek, F. B., 416 Jackson Gas Rocks, 461 Laramide orogen, 523, 529, 548, 577, 606 Meganos Canyon, 580 John Day Basin, 634 Laramide orogeny, 11,462,478,526,544, Melanges, 136 Jokulhlaups, 623-624 550,554,566-567,571-576,586-587, Melones Fault, 358, 464 Jones-Lancaster Basin, 168 591, 613 Melville Basin, 168 Jones Sound Rift, 613 Laramie "problem," 428-429 Melville Island, 374 Juan de Fuca Lowlands, 623 Laramie Range, 76, 78, 297, 527, 533, 537 Mendeleyev Ridge, 487 Juan de Fuca plate, 588, 594 Laramie Uplift, 573 Mendocino Fracture Zone, 588-589 Las Vegas Fault Zone, 601, 604-606 Mendocino triple junction, 604, 608 Kaibab Arch, 289, 573 Lassen Peak, 581, 610 Merrimack-Fredericton Trough, 156, 160, Kaltag transform fault, 612 Laurasia, 207 231-232 Kamchatka Peninsula, 571 Laurentide ice sheet, 564, 616, 619-620, Mesa-butte topography; see Plateaux Kaminak Craton, 10, 11,52,58-59,61 622-623, 625 topography Kangamiut dike swarm, 39 Laxfordian Belt (Scotland), 39 Mesabi Range, 46 Kankakee Arch, Ill, 208, 225, 283 Layer-cake geology, 428-429 Mesozoic mammals; see Mammals, Mesozoic Kansas Glaciation, 620 Lemhi Arch, 120 Methow Basin, 471-472, 474, 476 Katahdin Batholith, 155 Lignite; see Coal Mexican Basin, 398 Kazakhstania, 207, 272 Limpopo Belt, 28 Michigan Basin, 150-152, 207-208, 210, Kenoran orogeny, 40, 52, 57-59 Little Belt Mountains, 574 212-213, 218-219, 222, 225-226, 230, Kerr Basin, 340 Little Belt Uplift, 573 281,283-284,298,300,371,406,628 Ketilidian Mobile Belt, 11, 12, 39-40 Little Round Top (Gettysburg battlefield), 349 Michigan River, 226-228, 285 Kevin Sunburst Uplift, 573 Living fossils; see Evolution Midcontinent Basin; see Forest City Basin Keweenawan Belt, 75,87 Lizards; see Squamata (Taxonomic Index) Midcontinent gravity high, 51 Kings-Kaweah ophiolite belt, 366-367, 463 Llano Uplift, 68, 71, 307, 331 Middlesboro Syncline, 325 716 SUBJECT INDEX

Midland Basin, 291, 307-312, 341-342 North Park Basin, 572 Paleogene/Neogene tenninology, 524 Milankovitch hypothesis, 349, 630 "North Pole" (Australia), 93-94 Paleosols, 537, 540 Millipedes; see Myriapoda (Taxonomic Index) North Slope (Alaska), 370, 374, 394, 483, Paleotemperatures, 103,617-619,633-634 Minto Arch, 168 615,623 Palisades of the Hudson River, 349 Minto Inlier, 67 Northeast Newfoundland Shelf Basin, 431 Palisades orogeny, 435 Mirimichi Massif, 156, 162, 232, 234 Northern Cascade Range, 472 Palos Verdes Hills, 607 Mississippi Embayment, III Nova Scotia shelf, 433, 436 PamIico terrace, 562 Mississippi River, 537, 606, 616, 619, 625 Nutbush Creek Fault, 159 Panamanian land bridge; see Central American Mississippi River Arch, 284, 298 Nutzotin-Chichagof plutonic belt, 480 land bridge Mistassini Basin, 52 Panamint Range, 83, 355 Modoc Fault, 159 Occam's Razor, 7 Pangaea I, 171 Mogollon Plateau, 591 Occipital condyles, in vertebrates, 384, 387, Pangaea n, 39, 271-274, 344, 350, 361, 393- Mojave Desert, 75, 79, 598, 600 514 395,397,431,437,519 Molasse facies, 20, 23, 63, 66, 69, 164, 203, Ocean cores, 617-618 Pantha1assa Ocean, 272-273, 361 248, 256, 340, 342, 344, 354 Ochoco Mountains, 581, 585 Paradox Basin, 275, 290-292,294,306 Monocotyledonous angiospenns, 505 Ocoee Basin, 92 Park Basin, 533 Monoecious plants, 504 Oil; see Hydrocarbons Parry Channel, 614 Monotremes; see Prototheria (Taxonomic Oil shale; see Hydrocarbons Parry Islands Fold Belt, 168 Index) Okanagan area (Canada), 368-369 Pasadenian orogeny, 607 Monroe Gas Rocks, 461 Okanogan Trench, 623 Peace River-Alberta Peninsula, 249 MomroeUplift,459,461 Okefenokee terrace, 532 Peace River Arch, 212, 218, 249, 412, 414 Montana Dome, III Oklahoma aulacogen; see Southern Oklahoma Pearya magmatic arc, 171, 173,254-257 Monterey Bay, 599 aulacogen Pectins; see Pterioida (Taxonomic Index) Montgomery terrace, 565 Olistrostromes, 67, 334, 338 Pedernales (Pedemal) Uplift, 224, 289, 291, Monument Uplift, 573 Oliverian gneiss domes, 231 294-295, 308 Mosasaurs; see Squamata (Taxonomic Index) Olympic Mountains, 581 Pedregosa Basin, 306 Mt. Adams, 581 Olympic Peninsula, 581 Pemberton volcanic arc, 594 Mt. Baker, 581 Olympic-Wallowa lineament, 585 Penholoway terrace, 562 Mt. Hood, 581, 610 Omineca crystalline belt, 359, 368, 473-474, Peninsula Arch, 445-446, 454, 549, 556,559 Mt. Mazama, 610 586 Peninsular Ranges, 468, 478, 566, 571 Mt. Rainier, 581, 595, 610 Ontario River, 219, 238 Penokean orogen, 41, 43, 75, 77 Mt. Shasta, 581, 610 Ophiolites, 31, 53, 56, 136, 162, 366-368, Penokean orogeny, 12, 48-50, 53, 75; see Mt. St. Helens, 537, 566, 581, 591, 610 466,471,480 also Hudsonian orogeny Muenster Arch, 336-337, 342 Oquirrh Basin, 290-292, 296, 353-354, 373 Permian Basin, 307-313, 318 Mullen Creek-Nash Fork Shear Zone, 77 Orangeburg scarp, 562 Permobile tectonics, 9, 13, 38 Murphy Synclinorium, 91 Oregon Bight, 581-582, 585-586, 588 Persian Gulf, 151, 272, 439, 441 Murray Fracture Zone, 588 Oreodonts; see MerycoidtJdon (Taxonomic Petrified Forest, 322 Mussels; see Mytiloida Index) Petrified wood, 276, 322 Orksut-Eids slope, 255 Petroglyphs, 427 Nagssugtoquidian Mobile Belt, 11, 39-40 Oroflexural folding, 174 Petroleum; see Hydrocarbons Nain Province, 10, 11, 52, 68, 72 Orogrande Basin, 306 Phosphoria Basin, 315-316 Nannofossils, 632; see also Coccolithophyceae Orthoquartzites; see Sand deposits Phosphorite deposits, 275, 315-316 (Taxonomic Index) Orting Glaciation, 623 Photic zone, 103 Nanuk Basin, 255 Ostracodenns; see Agnatha (Taxonomic Index) Physiographic provinces, 2 Nares Strait Rift Basin, 613-614 Otish Basin, 52 PhytOSaurs, 322, 348, 391, 509; see also Nassian orogeny, 462, 473 Ouachita facies, 245, 338, 340 Rutiodon; Thecodontia (Taxonomic Index) Natural gas; see Hydrocarbons Ouachita Foreland System, 340 Piceance Basin, 530, 533, 535 Nazca Ridge, 577 Ouachita hinge line, 284 Piedmont Province, 70-71, 88, 233, 325-327, Nebraska Glaciation, 620 Ouachita Mountains, 240, 243-244, 259 331, 349,456; see also Appalachian Needle Mountains, 78-79 Ouachita orogeny, 244-245, 331, 337-340 orogen Nemaha Granite Ridge, 257, 291, 294 Ouachita region, 280, 283-285, 294, 313 Piedmont terrane, 164 Nemaha Highlands, 332, 336 Ouachita Trough, 228, 284, 334, 336, 338 Pilot Range, 86 Nerites assemblage, 356 Ouachita-Marathon orogen, 154,203-204, Pine Mountain belt (Georgia), 92, 158-159 Nevada Rift, 602, 604-605 244,246-248,294,309,331,336-337, Pine Mountain Anticline, 325 Nevadan orogeny, 394,462-463 340-342, 469 Pinedale Glaciation, 622 New England Highlands, 89, 325 Owl Creek Discontinuity, 245 Piscataquis Volcanic Arc, 155-156, 160, 231- Newark Basin, 346, 348 Oxygen isotope paleotemperatures, 103, 617- 232 Newport Embayment, 595 619, 632 Placental mammals; see Theria (Taxonomic Niagara Escarpment, 148-149 Oysters; see Ostreidae (Taxonomic Index) Index) Niagara Gorge, 147-149 Ozark Dome, 79, 111,212,219,222-223, Planktonic fossils, 126, 134, 136 Nipigeon Basin, 43, 50 225, 227, 284, 336, 342 Plateaux topography, 322 Noachian flood, 525 Ozark region, 208 Platform deposits, 39 Nonuniformitarianism, 14, 24 Platte River, 539 Nooksack Basin, 473-474 Pacific Northeast arc, 583 Plesiosaurs; see Sauropterygii (Taxonomic North American Central Plains Conductive Pacific Northwest arc, 569, 575, 603-604; see Index) Anomaly (NACPCA), 76 also Challis-Absaroka arc Pluvial lakes, 610, 616 North Atlantic Craton, 11, 24, 39 Pacific plate, 523 Porcelainite, 414, 423 Basin, 533 Painted Desert, 322 Porcupine Basin, 174 North Ellesmere Fold Belt, 168, 171, 173 Paleo-Indians; see Humans Porcupine megashear, 489 North Equatorial Current, 455 Paleocurrent analysis, 100, 147 Port Arthur Homocline, 4, 43, 48 North Fork temne, 358, 368 Paleogene magmatic nUll, 571, 586 Post-Knox unconformity, 104 SUBJECT INDEX 717

Poway submarine fan, 578 Reindeer fold belt. II Santa Cruz Basin, 599 Powder River Basin, 530, 533-534, 572 Regressive-Transgressive marine cycles; see Santa Cruz Mountains. 599, 607 Powell Valley Anticline, 325 Sea-level variations Santa Lucia Basin. 599 Prairie region, 625 Rheic Ocean. 234 Santa Maria Basin, 599 Prairie terrace, 565 Rhodesian Craton (Africa). 14. 17 Santa Ynez Basin. 568, 578. 588 Pre-Bighorn erosion surface; see Post-Knox Richardson Trough. 174 Sauratown Mountain Anticlinorium. 71. 92. unconformity Richmond Basin. 346-348 158-159. 165 Pre-Ketilidian massif, 39-40 Ridge Shelf. 592 Sawatch Range, 533 Precambrian geological province, \0 Rincon Mountains. 537 Sawatch Uplift, 573 Precambrian shield, 9 Rinkian Fold Belt. 11 Schell Creek Range, 86 Presqu'ile barrier, 212 Embayment. 449. 462, 556 Scolecondonts; see Annelida (Taxonomic Pribilof submarine canyon, 592 Rio Grande Rift. 600. 605 Index) Prince Patrick Uplift, 613 Rivera triple junction. 608 Scorpions; see Chelicerata (Taxonomic Index) Princess Anne terrace, 562 Roberts Mountain allochthon, 250-251. 363 Scotian Basin. 431, 436-437, 443-444, 451 Princess Margaret Arch, 612, 614 Roberts Mountain thrust, 174, 250 Scotian Shelf, 350-351 Procaryotes, early fossils, 93-97 Rocas Verdes Complex, 31 Sea-level variations (cycles). 152. 154, 272; Prosimians; see Primates (Taxonomic Index) Rocky Mountains, 4. 407, 419; see also Cor• 274.281,285-288, 381, 393-394, 397- Proto-San Andreas fault, 568 dilleran region; Ancestral Rocky Moun• 399, 641. 650 Prudhoe Bay, 375, 484 tain system; Canadian Rocky Mountains Sebastion Vizcaino Bay, 608 Puget Lowlands, 623 Rock Springs Uplift, 533. 535 Sebkhas; see Sabkhas PugetSound,581,59O Romanzof Mountains, 169, 171,256,370, ferns; see Pteridospermopsida (Tax- Puget Trough, 581 374-375, 482-484 onomic Index) Punctuated equilibrium; see Evolution, punctu- Rome Rift (or Graben), 114 , evolution of, 264 ated models Root Basin, 174 Selkirk Mountains, 84, 117 Purcell Mountains, 84 Rosita deltaic system. 552 Selwyn Basin, 174 Purcell Trench, 623 fault. 472 Selwyn Mountains. 84 Rowe, A. W., 500 Seminary Ridge (Gettysburg Battlefield), 349 Queen Charlotte Fault System, 523, 587, 590, Rudist bivalve reefs; see Reefs Senegal Basin. 433 592-595, 600, 604, 611 Rudist bivalves; see Hippuritoida (Taxonomic Seven Devils terrane. 368. 475 Queen Charlotte Islands, 475, 568, 600 Index) Sevier orogenic belt, 468-469 Queenston detrital wedge, 164; see also Tac• Sevier orogeny, 394,462.464,474.565 onic detrital wedge Saber-tooth cats, 650-651 Sewanee Strait, 454-455, 545, 550 Sabinas Basin. 461-462 Shear zones in Precambrian cratons, 40 Racial senescence; see Evolution, racial Sabkhas. 151-152 Sheeprock Mountains, 86 senescence Sacagawea Glaciation. 622 Shells of organisms; see Skeletons Racklan orogeny, 83, 87-88 Sacramento Basin. 567. 580, 588, 595, 608 Shelly facies, 124, 144, 177 Radiation, organic; see Evolution, radiations Sacramento Valley, 465, 567 Sheridan delta, 425 and diversifications Sadko Trough, 487 Shirshov Ridge, 569, 571 Radioactivity in specific rock units, 297 Saint Andrews Basin. 237 Shoreline oscillation; see Sea-level variations Radiocarbon dating, 652 Salina Basin, 103 Shrimp; see Decapoda (Crustacea) (Taxonomic Rainbow Range shield volcano, 603 Salinian block, 566, 568. 588 Index) Raleigh Belt, 159-160,234,330 Salisbury Embayment. 393, 397. 443-444, Siberian plate, 206-207 Rampart Cave (Arizona), 642, 650 452, 455, 459. 544 Siberian platform, 87 Rancho La Brea tar pits, 642 Salt deposits; see Evaporites Siberian Shelf, 487 Rancholabrean fauna, 649-650 Salt Range, West Pakistan, 379-380 Sierra Grande Arch, 313 Rarefaction, in paleobiology, 379 Salton Trough. 597. 607 Sierra Grande-Las Animas Uplift, 291 Raton Basin, 529, 532-533, 541, 543, 572 San Andreas fault system, 365, 523, 566, Sierra Madre Basin, 568, 578, 588 Rattlesnake terrane, 358, 368 587-589.592-593,595.597.600,604- Sierra Madre Oriental, 437, 523 Ravinement, 453, 457 608 Sierra Madre Range (Wyoming), 77 Reading Prong, 70, 344 San Diego Canyon, 580 Sierra Madre Uplift, 573 Red Bedford delta, 219, 238 San Gabriel fault, 597, 608 Sierra Nevada Batholith, 363, 366, 394, 462, Red River (Minnesota, Manitoba), 628 San Joachin Basin. 567. 579. 595 466-467, 565 Red River Arch, 336-337, 341 San Joachin Valley. 465,567.608 Sierra Nevada foothills, 463, 581 Red Sea, 436, 526 San Juan Basin. 426-427. 430. 529, 532-534 Sierra Nevada Mountains, 178, 357-358, 362, Redbeds, 96, 146, 167,236,275,300,304, San Juan Island, 178 468,479,566-567,576,594,601,606, 306-307,311-314,316,346-347,383, San Juan Mountains. 292, 532-533, 574 608, 616, 622 389, 406, 433, 438, 507 San Juan volcanic field, 574. 591 Sifton Basin, 476 Reefs San Marcos Arch. 459-460. 556 Sigsbee Abyssal Plain, 438-439 archaeocyathan, 100, 129, 143 San Nicolas Basin. 599 Sigsbee knolls, 438-439 atoll, 142 San Raphael High. 533, 568, 579. 588 Silicoflagellates, 497, 632; see also barrier, 141, 151-152 San Raphael Uplift, 573 Cluysophyta (Taxonomic Index) bioherms, 124, 135, 141-143, 149, 151- Sand deposits Silver-Anderson megashear; see Sonora-Mo- 152,304,309-311,376,378 blanket sands, 135, 138 jave megashear Chazyan, 143, 152, 183-184, 187 multicycle (supermature) sands, 121, 138 Silver Bluff terrace, 562 coral, 382-383 Sand Wash Basin. 419 Sioux Arch, 212 framework, 142 Sandia Mountains, 537 Siphonate clams; see particular taxa (Tax• fringing, 142, 309-3\0 Sangamon Arch, 211-212 onomic Index) patch, 141 Sangamon Interglacial, 620, 623 Skeletal carbonates; see Bioclastic carbonates pinnacle, 142, 151-152 Sangre de Cristo Mountains. 294 Skeletons of organisms, first appearances, 100, rudist bivalve, 446, 448, 450-451, 495-496 Sangre de Cristo Uplift, 573 109-110, 124-125 Reelfoot Rift, Ill. 114 Sanpoil River region. 624 Slab window, 605 718 SUBJECT INDEX

Slate Belt; see Carolina Slate Belt; Talledega Sverdrup Basin, 169, 255, 257, 271-272, Triassic-Jurassic basins; see Eastern Triassic- Slate Belt 371-375,394,480-482,523,611,613, Jurassic basins Slave Province, 10-11, 18-19,30,39,57, 615 Trilobite biofacies, 133-134 59-61,65 Sweetgrass Arch, 398,401,412,415,420, ; see Chelonia (Taxonomic Index) Snake Range, 86 573 Tyaughton Basin, 471, 474 Snake River Plain, 566, 602-605, 610 Sweetgrass Hills, 574 Tyaughton-Methow Trough, 394,471-474, Soils; see Paleosols Sweetwater slope system, 342 476 Sonoma Mountains, 356 Sylvester shelf-edge carbonate bank system, Tyler Basin, 459 Sonoma orogeny, 294, 352, 359-361, 365, 342 369 Symbiotic algae; see Zooxanthellae Uchee Belt, 158-159 Sonomia, 361-362, 369, 487 Uinta Basin, 529, 532-534, 537, 539, 541- Sonora-Mojave megashear, 442 Taconic Allochthon, 155, 161, 164 542, 572, 639, 647 South Florida Basin, 447 Taconic detrital wedge, 136, 164-166, 230 Uinta Range, 77, 83, 402, 532-533, 535-537 Southeast Georgia embayment, 431, 433, 435- Taconic Highlands, 135, 144, 146-147, 149, Uinta Uplift, 208, 573 436,445,453-454,545,549,555,558- 153 Umnak Plateau, 570-571 560 Taconic Mountains, 117 Uncompahgre Uplift, 289-293, 321, 399, 533, Southern California borderland, 594 Taconic orogen, 135-137 573-574 Southern Labrador Trough, 52-53 Taconic orogeny, 135-136, 147, 154-156, Undathem, 373 Southern Oklahoma aulacogen, 87, 244, 331- 160-162, 164, 231-232, 234, 338, 354 Ungava craton, 53 332,337,340-342,344 Taconica, 162, 166 Ungava Peninsula, 52 Southern Province, 39-41. 43, SO-51, 56-57, Taghanic onlap, 213, 236, 248 mammals; see Condy1arthra; Ar• 60,75,77 Talbot terrace, 562 tiodactyla; Perissodactyla (Taxonomic Southwestern Belt, 75, 79 Talladega Slate Belt, 158, 233-234, 240 Index) Specific diversity, 143 TamauJipas Province (Mexico), 438, 460 Uniformitarianism, 4, 6, 14,30, 32-33, 72- Spinifex texture, 18 Tantalus Basin, 472-474 73,624 Spores; see Seeds Taphonomy, 258 Uranium series dating, 652 Sporomorphs, 537 Tar sands; see Hydrocarbons, bituminous Utah Basin, 174 Springtails; see Collembolla (Taxonomic Index) sands Stadium delta, 578 Tectonic collage, 11, 39, 357 Val Verde Basin (Trough), 308-309, 340, 344 Stansbury Anticline, 213, 253 Tectonic hingelines, 281, 284 Valles Platform, 450, 455 Stansbury Peninsula, 253 Tectonic ramp, 325 Valley and Ridge Province, 91, 157, 234, Starved basins, 307-308, 310 Temporal fenestrae in reptiles, 385-386, 389, 239, 324-328, 347; see also Appalachian Stem reptiles; see Cotylosauria (Taxonomic 506, 512 orogeny Index) Tethyan fauna, 357, 359, 495 Van Hom Mountains, 68, 71 Stenohaline organisms, 153 Tethyan region, 495 Vancouver Island, 568, 600 Stevns Klint (Denmarlc), 520 Tethys Sea, 351, 364, 395, 436, 526 Varved sediments, 283, 348, 535-536 Stewart Valley Fault, 174 Teton Uplift, 573 Vascular plants, 199-200, 206, 262-267 St. Francois Mountains, 75, 79-80 Tetracoral; see Rugosa (Taxonomic Index) Vendian; see Ediacarian Stikine terrane (Stikinia), 369, 471-472 Texas Foreland System, 285, 289, 291 Ventura Basin, 606 St. Lawrence Lowlands, 628 Theic Ocean, 207 Verkhoyansk Mountains, 487 St. Lawrence Seaway, 230 Thelon Basin, 59 Vertebrates; see Vertebrata and individual taxa Stockton Arch, 567, 579, 588 Thick-skinned tectonics, 325 (Taxonomic Index) Stolz Fault, 613 Thin-skinned tectonics, 325 Victoria Strait Basin, 168 Stone Mountain Thrust, 71 Thompson Nickel Belt, 55 Virgilina orogeny, 159 Storm surges, in epeiric seas, 103 Thompson volcanic arc, 369 Stromatolites, 12, 95-97, 123, 143 Thornton Reef Complex, 152 Wabash Platform, 208, 211 Stuart City reef ttend, 450 Thumb delta, 219 Wadesboro sub-basin, 347 Stuck Glaciation, 623 Time-stratigraphic units, 4 Walcott, Charles D., 132 Stuhini volcanic arc, 369 Timor, Netherlands East Indies, 380-381 Walker Lane fault zone, 604-605 Sublette Basin, 292 Titanotheres; see Brontops (Taxonomic Index) Wallbridge Disconformity, 207, 229, 2S4 Successor basins, 470 Tofmo Basin, 586-587, 592 Walther's Law, 153,286-287,315,416,453 Sudbury Basin, 49 Toliman platform, 450 Wasatch Basin, 529 Sudbury-, 39 Tommotian fossils, 107, 109-110 Wasatch Range, 82, 86, 291, 421, 427, 532, Suffolk scarp, 562 Tommotian Stage, terminology, 109 534 Sundance sea, 399-402 Tongue of the Ocean (Bahamas), 373, 394 Washakie Basin, 530, 533-534, 536, 639 Sunderland terrace, 562 Tonsina-Chichagof plutonic belt, 479 Washakie Point Glaciation, 622 Superior craton, 39-40, 57, 65, 75-76 Tonto Basin, 79 Waterlimes, 153 Superior Province, 10, 14, 28, 30-32, 41, 43, Tooele Arch, 174, 176 Waverly Arch, 242 57,60,68 Towaliga Fault, 158 Webb-Chainman-Diamond Peak Trough, 252 Superior-type BIF, 21 Trace fossils; see Fossils, trace fossils Wellington Arch, 168 Supermature sandstones; see Sand deposits Trade Winds, 100, 137,274 West Africa Magnetic Anomaly, 435 Supracrustal rocks, 15 Trail Ridge sequence, 563 West Florida Escarpment, 446-447, 450, 454 Surry scarp, 562 Trans-Indus Range, 380 Western Alberta Uplift, 212 Suspect terranes, 136, 154, 160, 174, 178, Transcontinental-Central Kansas Arch, Ill, Western Beaufort Shelf, 616 357 137, 138, 148,207-208,219,222,226- Western Canada Basin; see Interlake Basin Sustut Basin, 476, 568 227, 229, 275, 284, 294, 298, 404, 406 Western Interior Basin; see Midcontinent Basin Sutton Inlier, 55 Transgressive-regressive marine cycles; see Western Jurassic terrane, 464 Sutton Mountain, 155 Sea-level variations Western Penokean, belt, 75-76 Sutures, in ; see individual taxa Transpressive plate margin, 366-367 Wet Mountains, 79 (Taxonomic Index) Transverse Ranges, 75, 79, 568, 587, 598- White Mountains (New Hampshire), 625 Suwanee Strait, 454-455, 545, 550 599,608 White River Uplift, 573 SUBJECT INDEX 719

Wichita Foreland System, 243, 289, 291 Wisconsin Glaciation, 616, 619-622, 625 Yellowstone hot spot, 583, 603 Wichita orogeny, 333, 337 Wisconsin Highlands, 137 Yellowstone National Park, 527, 537, 633 Wichita Uplift, 291, 312-313, 332, 337, 341 Witnet Basin, 579 , 531 Wicomico terrace, 562 Wollaston Basin, 168 Yilgam craton (Australia), 14, 32 Wiggins Uplift, 552 Wollaston Lake fold belt, 58 Yoked basins, 147, 275, 289, 294-296; see Wildflysch, 161 Wood River Basin, 291, 296, 354 also individual basins Willamette Valley, 581 Wopmayorogen, 11,61,64-65 Yosemite intrusive epoch, 467-468 Williana terrace, 565 Wrangellia terrane, 364, 368-369, 394, 462, Yucatan (Mexico), 442, 448 Williston Basin, 103, lll, 139, 148, 150, 475-478, 480, 484, 586-587 Yukon-Koyukuk terrane, 484 207-208,212, 218-219, 224-225, 229, Wyoming Basin, 229 Yukon River Valley, 623 296-297,398-400,402,406,414,529- Wyoming craton, II, 75-78 Yukon-Tanana terrane, 369 531, 533 Wyoming Province, 10 Wind River Basin, 530, 533-534, 540, 543, Zemchug submarine canyon, 592 572 Yakima folding event, 595, 603, 606 Zeugogeosynclines; see Yoked basins Wind River Mountains, 622 Yakutat-St. Elias plutonic belt, 595 Zion Canyon (Utah), 323, 399 Wind River Uplift, 573 Yalacom fault, 471 Zooxanthellae, 381, 383, 495 Wind tides in epeiric seas, 103 Yangtze-Kiang River delta (China), 404 Zuni-Defiance Uplift, 224, 289-290, 294 Wisconsin Arch (Dome), 50, 212, 219, 222- Yarmouth Interglacial, 620 223,283

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