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Política De China CHINA:CHINA: ECONOMIA,ECONOMIA, POLITICAPOLITICA YY SOCIEDADSOCIEDAD ((ZhongguoZhongguo:: zhengzhizhengzhi 中国中国:: 政治政治)) EUGENIOEUGENIO ANGUIANOANGUIANO Curso CECHIMEX-FE-UNAM AgostoAgosto--noviembrenoviembre dede 20082008 ZhongguoZhongguo ((中华人民工和国中华人民工和国)) RepRepúúblicablica PopularPopular ChinaChina 中华人民共和国中华人民共和国 ¾ Superficie: 9,561,000 kilómetros cuadrados ¾ Población: 1.3 mil millones (fines de 2004) ¾ División política, 33 entidades: ¾ 4 municipios especiales, uno de ellos capital del país (Beijing 北京). ¾ 22 provincias, más la “provincia rebelde” de Taiwan (台湾). ¾ 5 regiones autónomas (自治区). Mongolia Interior (内蒙); Ningxia (宁 夏); Xinjiang (新疆); Tibet (西藏); Guangxi (广西). ¾ 2 regiones administrativas especiales. Hong Kong (香港) y Macao (澳门). República de China 中华民国 ¾ Taiwan e islas adyacentes. Superficie 31,179 kilómetros cuadrados ConstitucionesConstituciones polpolííticatica yy cartascartas magnasmagnas dede lala RepRepúúblicablica PopularPopular ChinaChina ¾ ProgramaPrograma ComComúúnn dede lala ConferenciaConferencia ConsultivaConsultiva polpolííticatica deldel PuebloPueblo ChinoChino (29(29 dede septiembreseptiembre dede 1949).1949). 6060 artartíículosculos enen 77 capcapíítulos.tulos. ¾ PrimeraPrimera ConstituciConstitucióónn (28(28 dede septiembreseptiembre dede 1954).1954). PrePreáámbulombulo yy 106106 artartíículosculos enen 44 capcapíítulos.tulos. ¾ SegundaSegunda ConstituciConstitucióónn (17(17 dede eneroenero dede 1975).1975). PrePreáámbulombulo yy 3030 artartíículosculos enen 44 capcapíítulos.tulos. ¾ TerceraTercera ConstituciConstitucióónn (5(5 dede marzomarzo dede 1978).1978). PrePreáámbulombulo yy 6060 artartíículosculos enen 44 capcapíítulos.tulos. ¾ CuartaCuarta ConstituciConstitucióónn (4(4 dede diciembrediciembre dede 1982).1982). PrePreáámbulombulo yy 138138 artartíículosculos enen 44 capcapíítulostulos.. AsambleaAsamblea PopularPopular NacionalNacional ¾ Primer congreso, 15-28 de septiembre de 1954 ¾ Segundo congreso, 27-28 de abril de 1959 ¾ Tercer congreso, 20 diciembre 1964-4 enero 1965 ¾ Cuarto congreso, 13-17 de enero de 1975 ¾ Quinto congreso, 26 de febrero-5 de marzo de 1978 ¾ Sexto congreso, 6-21 de junio de 1983 ¾ Séptimo congreso, 25 de marzo-13 de abril de 1988 ¾ Octavo congreso, 15-31 de marzo de 1993 ¾ Noveno congreso, 5-16 de marzo de 1998 ¾ Décimo congreso, 5-19 de marzo de 2003 ¾ Undécimo congreso, 5-18 de marzo de 2008 PartidoPartido ComunistaComunista dede ChinaChina 8° Congreso, 15-27 de septiembre de 1956 9° Congreso, 1-24 de abril de 1969 10°Congreso, 24-28 de agosto de 1973 11°Congreso, 12-18 de agosto de 1977 12°Congreso, 1-11 de septiembre de 1982 13°Congreso, 25 de octubre-1 de noviembre de 1987 14°Congreso, 12-18 de octubre de 1992 15°Congreso, 12-18 de septiembre de 1997 16°Congreso, 1-15 de noviembre de 2002 17°Congreso, 15-21 de octubre de 2007 CongresosCongresos NacionalesNacionales deldel PartidoPartido ComunistaComunista dede ChinaChina enen elel poderpoder 8° (15-27 de septiembre de 1956). Liderazgo (CP-BP-CC): Presidente (主席), Mao Zedong Vicepresidentes: Liu Shaoqi; Zhou Enlai; Zhu De; Chen Yun Secretario general: Deng Xiaoping 9° (1-24 de abril de 1969) Presidente, Mao Zedong Vicepresidente, Lin Biao Miembros: Chen Boda; Zhou Enlai; Kang Sheng 10° (24-28 de agosto de 1973) Presidente, Mao Zedong Vicepresidentes: Zhou Enlai; Wang Hongwen; Kang Sheng; Ye Jianying; Li Desheng Miembros (número d trazos): Zhu De; Zhang Chunqiao; Dong Biwu 22 11° (12-18 de agosto de 1977) Presidente, Hua Goufeng Vicepresidentes: Ye Jianying; Deng Xiaoping; Li Xiannian; Wang Dongxin 12° (1-11 de septiembre de 1982) Secretario General, Hu Yaobang Miembros: Deng Xiaoping; Zhao Ziyang; Li Xiannian; Chen Yun 13° (25 de octubre-1 de noviembre de 1987) Secretario General, Zhao Ziyang Miembros: Li Peng; Qiao Shi; Hu Qili; Yao Yilin 33 14° (12-18 de octubre de 1992) Secretario General, Jiang Zemin Miembros: Li Peng; Qiao Shi; Li Ruihuan; Zhu Rongji; Liu Huaqing; Hu Jintao 15°(12-18 de septiembre de 1997) Secretario General, Jiang Zemin Miembros: Li Peng; Zhu Rongji; Li Ruihuan; Hu Jintao; Wei Jianxing; Li Lanqing 16° (1-15 de noviembre de 2002) Secretario General, Hu Jintao Miembros: Wu Bangguo; Wen Jiabao; Jia Qingling;Zeng Qinghong; Huang Ju; Wu Guanzheng; Li Changchun; Luo Gan 17° (15-21 de octubre de 2007) Secretario General. Hu Jintao Miembros: Wu Bangguo; Wen Jiabao; Jia Qingling; Li Changchun; Xi Jinping; Li Keqiang; He Guoqiang; Zhou Yongkang. MaximatoMaximato ¾¾ EraEra dede MaoMao Zedong,Zedong, 19311931--19761976 ¾¾ EraEra dede transicitransicióón,n, septiembreseptiembre 19761976--juniojunio 19811981 ¾¾ EraEra dede DengDeng Xiaoping,Xiaoping, c.c. noviembrenoviembre dede 19791979--octubreoctubre dede 19921992 ¾¾ EraEra dede JiangJiang Zemin,Zemin, c.c. octubreoctubre dede 19921992--c.c. noviembrenoviembre dede 20032003 ¾¾ CuartaCuarta generacigeneracióónn dede llííderes,deres, HuHu Jintao,Jintao, c.c. noviembrenoviembre dede 20032003 PRESIDENTES DE LA REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA (1949 – 2005) 1. MAO ZEDONG Asumió el 27 de septiembre de 1954 2. LIU SHAOQI Asumió el 27 de abril de 1959 VACANTE Noviembre 1968- enero 1975 ABOLIDO Enero 1975 – diciembre 1982 3. LI XIANNIAN Asumió el 8 de Junio de 1983 4. YAN SHANGKUN Asumió el 8 de abril de 1983 5. JIANG ZEMIN Electo por APN, 27 de marzo de 1993 6. HU JINTAO Electo por APN, 15 de marzo de 2003 REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA ESTRUCTURA FORMAL DEL ESTADO ASAMBLEA POPULAR NACIONAL (Comité Permanente) ORGANIZACIONES CCPPC JUDICIALES PRESIDENTE Y Partidos Políticos (PCC y 7 “partidos VICE PRESIDENTE democráticos”) CONSEJO DE ESTADO (Primer Ministro; Consejeros de Estado y viceprimer ministros; ministerios y comisiones estatales) Provincias, Municipios especiales, regiones autónomas y regiones administrativas especiales Municipios, consejos y ciudades REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA ORGANIZACIÓN FORMAL DEL ESTADO ASAMBLEA JEFE DE CONSEJO DE POPULAR ESTADO ESTADO COMISIONES MINISTERIOS REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA ESTRUCTURA REAL DEL ESTADO PARTIDO COMUNISTA CHINO (Comité Central y sus órganos dirigentes) ASAMBLEA NACIONAL POPULAR (Formaliza acuerdos y renovación de cuadros) CCPPC PODER JUDICIAL PODER EJECUTIVO REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA ORGANIZACION REAL DEL ESTADO PARTIDO ASAMBLEA JEFE DE COMUNISTA POPULAR ESTADO CONSEJO DE ESTADO COMISIONES MINISTERIOS REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA ESTRUCTURA DEL PARTIDO CONGRESO NACIONAL DEL PCCH (Secretario General) COMISIÓN CENTRAL DE COMISIÓN COMITÉ CENTRAL DISCIPLINA E INSPECCIÓN MILITAR (Organización y control del CENTRAL PCCh.) POLITBURO COMITÉ PERMANENTE DEL POLITBURO REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA PARTIDO COMUNISTA DE CHINA: ORGANIZACIÓN CENTRAL REAL (17 Congreso, octubre, 2007) COMITÉ PERMANENTE DEL BURÓ POLÍTICO (9) COMISIÓN CENTRAL MILITAR (CMC) (11) COMITÉ CENTRAL (204) 167 s SECRETARIADO DEL PCCh CONGRESO NACIONAL DEL PCCh DEPARTAMENTOS DEL COMITÉ CENTRAL La CMC tiene un presidente, 2 vicepresidentes y 8 miembros El Comité Central incluye a los miembros del Buró Político (25). Fue designado por el Congreso Nacional el 22 de octubre de 2007. Al 17 Congreso del PCCh asistieron 2,235 delegados que presentaron a 73 millones de miembros del Partido. La población de China era de más de 1,300 millones de personas, a mediados de 2007. Cúspide del liderazgo, Comité Permanente del Buró Político del 17° Comité Central del PCCh 1. Hu Jintao (12.1942) Srio. Gral., y presidente CMC del PCCh; jefe de Estado 2. Wu Bangguo (07.1941) Presidente Comité Permanente, XI Asamblea Popular Nacional 3. Wen Jiabao (09.1942) Primer Ministro (jefe de gobierno) 4. Jia Qinglin (03.1940) Presidente XI Comité Nacional CCPPCh 5. Li Changchun (02.1944) Aparente jefe de Propaganda del CC 6. Xi Jinping (06.1953) Vicepresidente de la RPCh 7. Li Keqiang (07.1955) Viceprimer ministro (ejecutivo) 8. He Guoqiang(10.1943) Srio. Comisión de Inspección Disciplina 9. Zhou Yongkang (12.1942) Jefe Comité Político y Legislativo CC Otros miembros del Buró Político del 17 Comité Central (listados por número de trazos de sus apellidos) Wang Gang, 王刚. Vicepres. CCPPC Li Yuanchao, (李源潮), srio. PC Jiangsu Wang Lequan 王乐泉. Srio PC Xinjiang Wang Yang (汪洋), Srio. PC Chongqing Wang Zhaoguo 王兆国. Vicepres. APN Zhang Gaoli Wang Qishan, 王岐山. Vicepremier Zhang Dejiang Hui Liangyu (Hui), 回良玉. Vicepremier Yu Zhengsheng Liu Qi (刘淇), secretario del PC Beijing Xu Caihou (Gral) Liu Yunshan (刘云山), jefe Propaganda Guo Boxiong (Gral) Liu Yandong (F) (刘延东), vicepre. CCPPC Bo Xilai (博熙来) Chongqing? “TEORÍA“TEORÍA DEDE LASLAS TRESTRES ARMONÍAS”ARMONÍAS” (HU(HU JINTAO)JINTAO) ¾¾和平和平,, buscarbuscar lala pazpaz mundial.mundial. ¾¾和解和解,, reconciliacireconciliacióónn concon Taiwan.Taiwan. ¾¾和谐和谐,, armonarmonííaa enen lala sociedadsociedad china.china. Miembros (9) del Comité Permanente del Buró Político del CC del PCCH, electos el 22 de octubre de 2007 por la 1ª Sesión Plenaria del 17 Comité Central HuHu JintaoJintao 胡锦涛胡锦涛 (21.12.1942)(21.12.1942) HuHu JinataoJinatao 胡锦涛胡锦涛 (21.12.1942),(21.12.1942), JixiJixi,, ANHUIANHUI WuWu BangguoBangguo 吴邦国吴邦国 (07.1941),(07.1941), FeidoFeidonngg,, ANHUIANHUI WenWen JiabaoJiabao 温家宝温家宝 (09.1942),(09.1942), TIANJINTIANJIN JiaJia QinglinQinglin 贾庆林贾庆林 (03.1940),(03.1940), BotuoBotuo,, HEBEIHEBEI Li Changchun 李长春 (02.1944), Dalian, LIAONING XiXi JinpingJinping 习近平习近平 (06.1953),(06.1953), FupingFuping,, SHAANXISHAANXI LiLi KeqiangKeqiang 立克强立克强 (07.1955),(07.1955), DingyuanDingyuan,, ANHUIANHUI He Guoqiang 贺国强 (10.1943), Xiangxiang, HUNAN ZhouZhou YongkangYongkang 周永康周永康 (12.1942),(12.1942), WuxiWuxi,, JIANGSUJIANGSU Xue Xueqin (f), Hu Xiaoyuan (f) y Kang Huoming, trabajadores
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