TAIWAN: PROSPECTS FOR REUNIFICATION

VOL. 29. NO. 11 MARCH 17, 1986 CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 Reform Redresses Distorted Price Speaking Out On Year of Peace System EVENTS/TRENDS 5r9 In an interview with our correspondents, Zhang Wenjin, Satellite Links in : President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship Modern Orbit with Foreign Countries and deputy director of the Chinese Honours Working Women Organizational Committee for International Year of Peace, Meeting Commends Model Workers dwells on the questions of war and peace, disarmament, Bureau Stats In On Economic regional conflict and the peace movement (p. 20). Boom China, Philippines to Broaden Tics Prospects for Mainland Reunion Bronze Bust of Unveiled Beijing Review publishes in this issue three articles by staff INTERNATIONAL 10-13 members of the Taiwan Affairs Research Institute of the Western Europe; US Allies Waver Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, in an effort to answer on Arms Control some questions relating to the recent political and economic Latin .America: Urgent Steps to Curb situation in Taiwan and the prospects for the peaceful Looming Debts reunification of China. After a detailed analysis, the authors West Germany-France; Growing conclude that Taiwan's continued refusal to reunify with the Bilateral Ties Denmark: Referendum Backs mainland will get the island nowhere. The only reasonable way EEC Treaty Reforms out for Taiwan, the authors argue, is to embark on the road to Rwanda; Building Economy reunification by entering into negotiations with the mainland Slowly But Surely authorities (p. 14). Taiwan: Prospects for Reuni• fication 14 Redressing tiie Distorted Price Structure Speaking Out on 'Year of Peace' 20 Because of long-term negligence of the law of value and role of the market, China's price structure had been seriously New Laws Uphold Women's Rights 22 distorted. Following the publication of the Party Central Travel In China Made Easier for Committee's 1984 document on economic reform, China began Foreigners 24 redressing its price structure through planned readjustment and Chinese Cities and Counties Open market regulation. The reform will require several years of to Foreign Visitors 25 painstaking work (p. 4). FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 26-27 BUSINESS ARADE 28-29 Satellite Paves Way for Modernization CULTURE/SCIENCE 30-31 The impact of the launching of China's first telecommunications satellite will be felt far beyond the BOOKS 32 improvement of radio and television reception. It will help pave SPORTS 33 the way for the development of the nation's space technology LETTERS 34 and its modernization drive as a whole (p. 5). COVER: Laft: The rocket blasting off with the telecommunications satellite on board. Upper right: Ship radars tracking the Laws to Uphold Women's Rigiits satellite. Lower right: The control unit at the Inheritance laws and other regulations have been launching centre. promulgated to address incidences of discrimination and Photo by Zou Yi mistreatment of women in many spheres of society (p. 24).

Pvbltihed every Monday by BEIilNG REVIEW USA USSZZJIO 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing P.O. Box 399, Beijing, Otino New ZMlond... NZ.$ 30.110 UK...... £t2jn The People's RepubUc of China Reform Redresses Distorted Price System by Geng Yuxin

n irrational price system can planned commodity economy directly affect its population's A distort the value of goods just which requires exchanges at equal livelihood. as a warped mirror can a person's value, and has stressed the The current price reform will image, said the late economist Sun principle of distribution to each have a far-reaching impact. From Yefang. according to his or her work, the results logged last year, it is China's commodity prices, which in turn calls for the clear that China's gain outweighs which were frozen for many years, exchange of equal amounts of its loss. Commodity production were seriously distorted by such a labour. Under such circum• climbed and the market surged system, due to historical factors stances, price reform became forward. In 1985. the total retail and long-time negligence of the inevitable. sales value increased by 30.7 law of value and the role of the In October 1984, the Party percent, and the averaged price market in setting prices. Although Central Committee issued its index also hit a record high and there have been some changes in programmatic document on was up 8.8 percent over 1984. Of the amount of socially necessary economic reform. In that state• the increase, 12.2 percent was in labour which constitutes the base ment, price reform was considered cities and 7 percent was in the of commodity value, and in the a key to the country's reform. countryside. After price hikes are relationship between supply and Now the distorted prices are being factored in, rural per-capita demand, commodity prices have gradually redressed through the income still went up 8.4 percent, not been altered accordingly. For combination of a planned readjus• while those in the cities rose 10.6 example, urban residents continue tment and market regulation, and percent. to pay for rationed grains, cooking an operative mechanism is Nevertheless, Chinese con• oil, and rent at the 1950s prices. expected to be established, under sumers, who are used to a stable The distortion was also re• which commodity prices can price environment, have shown flected in price parities between promptly reflect commodity concern over the price hikes. If the various commodities; Prices for values (which are determined by price rise continues, people will products of the same category average production cost and find that their wage increases will were not fixed according to their average rate of profits) and mirror be offset by inflation. The price quality. What resulted were low the change in the relations rises have, therefore, become a prices for agricultural and sideline between supply and demand. major topic of conversation products, minerals, raw materials Price reform is an arduous and among the people. and labour services, and high complex process that involves After making a comprehensive prices for processed goods. almost all trades. The reform will survey of the merits and problems In China, an 18"-colour lead to an overall readjustment in of the price reform, the Chinese television set costs 1,500 yuan distribution of national income, government decided to hold off on (US$469), almost equivalent to and it is obvious that it will require major reform measures for 1986. the price of one ton of beef several years of painstaking work. Instead, the government has purchased before the price reform In 1985, China took a big step chosen to concentrate on conso• began last year, and 380 kg at the towards price reform. To date the lidating and improving measures current price. Despite the dif• reform measures include a pur• already carried out in the hope of ferences in the two goods, this chase contract system, which stabilizing commodity prices. irrational price ratio would replaced the state monopoly on Is such a plan a retreat from the seldom be seen on the .intern• the purchase and marketing of reform because of resistance, as ational market. grain, cotton and edible oil and some foreign critics have sug• Before the price reform, China lifting price controls on meat, gested? No. it is not. had rejected the idea of consider• vegetables and other perishable What are the motives behind ing its socialist economy a food, all of which are allowed to be this decision? commodity economy, and people sold freely at markets. In addition, First, it is possible to conduct had grown accustomed to the the government has decontrolled price reform while holding the lid irrational distribution system, prices for small articles of daily on prices. The current price which was metaphorically de• use, and increased short-distance reform as a whole is a structural scribed as "everybody eating from train fees. This is the first time readjustment, which is intended to the same big pot." In recent years, since the founding on New China send some prices up and others however, China has come to that the government has enacted down and thus will not lead to an regard its socialist economy as a price reform measures that so overall price hike.

4 ULLIINCJ RLVIE;W. NO. I I Satellite Links China in IVIodern Orbit

The accurate orbiting of a telecommunications satellite brings the nation's space technology into active service.

n the showroom of the Beijing involved in the project from the I Satellite Ground Station in a Central Committee of the western suburb, a group of high- Communist Party of China, the ranking Chinese officials were State Council and the Central seated in front of eight colour TV Military Commission. It also broadcasts from the application showed that China's satellite communications satellite spon- communications had moved from telecommunications satellite. the experimental stage into one of However, last year the prices for It was an on-the-spot gathering application, the message added. most decontrolled commodities for the trial transmission of TV "This achievement is of great went up, particularly those for broadcasts from the application significance in speeding up the nonstaple food, a matter which communications satellite spon• nation's modernization drive and concerns every Chinese family. sored by the Commission of developing its space technology," The increases sparked dissatisfac• Science, Technology and Industry it said. tion among China's consumers. It for National Defence (CSTFND). is, therefore, imperative to curb The satellite is functioning perfectly for telecommunications, prices in order to maintain social At 7 pm sharp, when the China radio and television transmission order and to reassure the public. Central Television (CCTV) began and will be put into regular service Second, businesses and con• its nightly news broadcast, colour soon, said an officer of the sumers alike need a period to pictures appeared on the screen, command centre of the com• digest and adapt to the reforms accompanied by clear sounds. The mission. enacted last year. officials were all smiles and the China has launched 18 satellites A business, for example, is scientists of the commission broke of various types over the last 26 facing a new situation: prices of into animated shoptalk. China at years. Its first experimental tele• processed products are down, but last put its own telecommuni• communications satellite was sent those for raw materials and fuels cations satellite into practical use. into space in April 1984 and also are up. In addition, the enterprise The satellite, launched into was placed in permanent orbit must increases its wages and space by the nation's most over Indonesia. The present continue paying at least as much advanced three-stage satellite is a great improvement in taxes. With such changes, a No. 3 carrier rocket on February over its predecessor. business needs time to renovate its 1, was successfully guided into According to officials, the new technology, increase productivity permanent orbit on February 20. telecommunications satellite is and reduce production costs. It is now settled over Sumatra, able to cover all Chinese territory, Third, since decontrolling Indonesia, 35,786 kilometres from and will improve China's radio prices for consumer goods, it is the earth. now necessary to adopt a number That night, satellite ground of supplementary measures to stations nationwide, including consolidate the achievements of those in Gansu, Sichuan, Gui- the reform. These measures zhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet (Continued on p. 2%.) and other remote areas also received the CCTV news pro• gramme via the satellite, and reported excellent results. "The successful positioning of the satellite shows that China has Issue l\o. 12 will carry the full fully mastered the design and text of the communique on the launch technology of carrier fulfilment of China's 1985 econ• rockets and the techniques of omic and social development plan tracking and controlling commu• ' . . . ; issued February 28, 1986 by the nications satellites," read a joint State Statistical Bureau. message of congratulations to the scientists, engineers and workers

MARCH 17, 1986 5 She told the gathering that News in Brief Beijing Honours Chinese women had established Working Women friendly relations with 240 intern• meeting marking the ational organizations for women A ! 00th anniversary of and children in more than 120 the birth of and he first week of March was one countries and regions. LinBoqu was held on March of honour for women in China. "The Chinese women are ready 5 at the Great Halt of the T On March 7. more than 1,500 to strengthen unity with sisters in People in Beijing. Both various countries and deepen Dong and Lin were born in people gathered in the Great Hall mutual understanding, friendship March 1886. They died in of the People in Beijing for a and co-operation with them," she 1975 and 1960 respectively. reception to mark the 76th said. The two were among anniversary of International Wor• China's earliest Commu• king Women's Day. Women Turning to the Chinese nists and were respected diplomats, wives of foreign women's ability at various posts, senior leaders of the Chinese diplomatic envoys and foreign Zhang said Chinese women were Communist Party and the experts working in C^hina as• striving to raise their own People's [Republic of China. sembled in the hall and pledged to competence and explore new Dong, as one of the CPC "translate into reality" the main approaches in their work with the founders, attended the First theme of the United Nations tenacity of the legendary "foolish N^ational Conercss of the Decade for Women at the Nairobi old man removing a mountain." Party in 1921. " Conference last year: sexual equality, national development Attending the reception were and world peace. Muhua, and * ..•:>.* • *• ing I.ing, one of China's "It is my belief that women who president of the People's Bank of Dleading authors, died in make up half of the world's China, , president of Beijing on March 4 at the population will continue to assert the All-China Women's Feder• age of 82. Ding was born in themselves in winning world peace ation, and , member Hunan Province's Linli and national development," said of the Party Central Committee County in 1904. Since 1927. Zhang Guoying, vice-chairwoman Secretariat. Mme. Sihanouk of she published about 300 and first secretary of the Kampuchea was also present. novels, short stories, plays, secretariat of the All-China On behalf of the All-China books of non-fiction and Women's Federation. Women's Federation and the essays, totalling more than 2 million words. and TV reception. With the launching services on the intern• * * * greater telecommunications ca• ational market at a preferential hina's bicycle output is pacity, the programmes by CCTV price. Half a dozen countries C expected to top 26 can be received clearly throughout currently are discussing the issue million durine the Seventh China with aerials six metres in with China. An initial agreement F-ive-Year Plan (1986-90), diameter, which means the has been reached with Sweden on and residents are going to construction costs of ground launching a postal telecommunic• enjoy ample supplies of stations will be cut greatly and ations satellite. It also has been bicycles of the most sought- radio and TV transmission will disclosed that China intends to put after brands. Emphasis will reach the more remote areas. its carrier rockets. Long March be put on the manufacture of The new satellite and its No. 2 and Long March No. 3, on bicycles catering to special launcher were both designed and the international market and offer needs, such as those for built in China. Their successful launching services to foreign tourists, children, primary launching indicates China has customers at a cost 15 percent and middle school students, matured in its technology of lower than the average intern• and mothers. carrier rockets and is now able to ational rate. The Chinese People's There are roughly 300 undertake the business of launch• Insurance Co. will provide small and medium-sized ing satellites on both the home and insurance service for the cus• bicycle plants in China, international markets, said a tomers at preferential prices as which boasts 210 million source from the department well. bicycles one third of all concerned. Research on carrier rockets the bicycles in the world — began in China in the 1960s. averaging one bicycle for According to the latest news Today China has established every five persons. from the Ministry of Aeronautics complete sets of launching Industry, China will provide facilities and measuring and

BEIJING REVIEW. NO. 11 capital celebrated their day in the auditorium of the Chinese China & the World People's Political Consultative Conference. Attending the get- Chfnese President's Five- together were 18 honoured Nation Tour. President Li colleagues who had come at the Xiannian arrived in Dhaka, invitation of the All-China March 8, on a three-day Federation of Trade Union. They state visit, the firsl by a took the floor to speak about their Chinese head of state to achievements and called on all Bangladesh since its inde• women to heighten their sense of pendence in 1971. Ban• gladesh is the first leg of Li's responsibility and play an active five-nation Asian and part in the state affairs. They African- lour, which will also expressed their determination to take him to Sri Lanka, make new efforts in the Seventh Egypt, Somalia and Five-Year Plan (1986-90). Xi, chairman of the China Women Madagascar. Journalists Association, talking with a foreign friend at the party celebrating According to a recent survey in the 25th anniversary of the publication of Renmin Rihao (People's Daily), Soviet Hijacker Jailed in "Beijing Riview." the number of working women has China. The Soviet co-piloi. increased to 43.24 milHon, or 36.4 who hijacked a Soviet Chinese women, Zhang expressed percent of the country's total passenger aircraft and her gratitude to the women workforce. And one-third of the landed it in Northeast China diplomats and experts who had country's scientists and techni• in December last year, was come to work in China and who, cians are women. sentenced to eight years of she said, made valuable contri• Up to now, 14 Chinese female prison in Harbin, Heilong- butions to China's socialist scientists have received their jiang Province on March 4. modernization drive. doctorate degrees since 1981, the Alimuradov Shamil Gadji On the same day, under the year the country reintroduced that Ogly was sentenced by the auspices of the All-China title. More than 3,500 women Harbin intermediate Women's Federation, more than technicians have received master's people's court. On De• 1,000 working women in the degrees since 1979. One out of 12 cember 19, 1985. he hijacked a domestic airliner to western Hcilongjiang Pro• vince. Chinese authorities controlling systems. There are phasis on self-reliance, the minis• returned the 42 passengers currently two satellite-launching ter said. and crew members and the centres, one in Jiuquan, Gansu aircraft to the Soviet Union Province, at which satellites that soon afterwards. operate near earth are launched, and the other in Xichang, Sichuan The Long iVIarch No.3 carrier rocl

MARCH 17. 1986 7 Chinese with a master's degree is a woman. Two days earlier on March 6, the Women's Journalists Associ• ation was founded in an effort to strengthen relations among women journalists, and protect their rights. At the inaugural ceremony, Wang Xi, former director and editor-in-chief of Beijing Review, was elected chairwoman of the association. In her speech she said her organiz• ation would work to promote exchanges between women jour• nalists in China and their colleagues in other countries, as well as in Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan. There are 400,000 journalists in China, one-third of whom are women. by Wang Xianghotig

Meeting Commends Model Workers

Twenty-nine collectives and 251 I individuals from the depart• ments under the Central Commit• tee of the Communist Party of China were recently commended for their exemplary performances in the Party consolidation drive.

At a February 5 meeting to commend the performances by Severed Fingers Rejoined collectives and individuals spon• sored by the Party committee of 'ang Putao, a worker at an air force pilot training school, had the central Party departments, the Wher 10 fingers accidentally severed by a paper cutting machine work units and individuals on January 27. When she was rushed into a hospital affiliated to received certificates of merit. the Fourth Army Medical University, doctors were able to rejoin More than 1,000 participants from the fingers on both hands. After more than 20 days of treatment, the central Party departments her hands are recovering, with normal blood circulation. Through gave thunderous applause to show physical therapy, Wang is trying to restore strength and function their respect for the model in her fingers. workers. , member of the Secretariat of the Party Central on them to continue their policies, to serve the people Committee, described this meeting "positive role in fostering good wholeheartedly so as to build the as a review of the achievements of working style" in the central central departments into efficient, the central Party units in the drive Party departments, adding that disciplined organizations with a to build socialist modernization the work of these departments was sense of steadfastness in their and ethics. "It will play an active "vital to the full implementation political orientation and into part in the construction of the of the Party's policies." exemplars for the whole country." work style of the Party," he said. He called on all office workers At the end of last year, the CPC While praising these model of the central departments "to be Central Committee decided to units and individuals, Wang called models in carrying out the Party improve the conduct among both

8 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 leaders and rank-and-file mem• doubled during the Sixth Five- bers. At that time, all central Party Year Plan period, rising from 210 China, Philippines departments were urged to billion yuan in 1980 to 430 billion substantially improve in their yuan in 1985. The total volume of To Broaden Ties operations within one year, to set imports and exports registered a examples for the whole country. 84 percent increase in the intervening years. ice-President and Prime Mini• ster of the Philippines Sal• Bureau Stats In Inter-Regional and Inter-Trade V Ties. During the Sixth Five-Year vador Laurel said recently in On Economic Boom Plan period, economic and Manila he would like to see closer ties between the Philippines and or China, the Sixth Five-Year technical co-operation between different regions, industries and the People's Republic of China. F Plan period (1981-85) was Laurel, who is also foreign characterized by the most impress• trades was on the rise. A total of 7 billion yuan of investment was minister, made the remark on ive economic growth in the history March 5 when he received a of the People's Republic. An involved in the more than 70,000 contracts that were signed in 1985 Chinese government cultural de• analysis of the figures released in a legation led by Zhu Muzhi, recent State Statistical Bureau alone, calling for materials worth 16 bilUon yuan. This has helped to Minister of Culture. As the first communique (full text to be foreign delegation to visit the carried in our next issue) indicates open the once tightly shut doors between regions and industries. Philippines since the new govern• that tremendous changes have ment assumed office, Zhu and his taken place in the Chinese entourage arrived in Manila on Economic Forms Diversified. The economy over the last five years in March 4 at the invitation of the private and collective economies, four fields. Philippine Foreign Ministry to long left to dwindle in cities, have sign an executive programme of a made a comeback significant Ratios Moving Towards Balance. cultural agreement between the enough to have an impact on the The series of reforms and two countries for 1986 and 1987. national economy. The private readjustments during the 1981-85 Laurel emphasized that the new sector's retail sales in 1985 more period have expedited the devel• Philippine government would than doubled, while the collective opment of agriculture, light attach special importance to economy grew by 18 percent. The manufacturing and the service relations with Asian neighbours, state economy, the dominant industry, while cutting back on the especially the People's Republic of sector of the national economy, growth of heavy industry and the China. "The Philippine people also saw a 13.6 percent increase. rate of accumulation. The result and the Chinese people have never Of the total industrial output has been a relatively well-balanced been enemies at all. So there is no value, state industry grew 12.9 ratio between agriculture, light reason why we should not be close percent, the collective economy manufacturing and heavy indus• friends," he added. rose 30 percent and the private try. According to recent statistics, Laurel said the Philippines agriculture (farming, forestry, industry reported a 2.5-fold increase. recognizes only one China and sideline occupations and fisheries) that they would stand by that accounted for 34 percent of the policy. Responding to Zhu total industrial and agricultural Muzhi's invitation to visit China, output value in 1985, as against 30 Bronze Bust of Laurel said he looked forward to percent in the previous five-year Zhou Enlai Unveiled visiting China in the near future. plan period. Forestry, animal Zhu Muzhi, on behalf of husbandry, sideline occupations Premier , conveyed to and fisheries made up half of the China's first bronze bust of the Laurel and through him to newly total agricultural output value, late Premier Zhou Enlai (1898- elected President Corazon Aquino and the industrial output value 1976) was unveiled in his home the Chinese government's sincere was divided equally between light town, Huaian, in Jiangsu Province desire to develop the relations manufacturing and heavy indus• last week. between the two countries. try. Service trades and agriculture The bust, 80 centimeters tall, The strengthening of relations have gained much ground in the depicts Zhou as a young man at in political, economic and cultural nation's economic setup. The ratio the time when he decided to devote fields between China and the between accumulation and con• himself to his country. Zhou spent Philippines is not only in the sumption stood at 3:7. 12 years of his childhood in his interests of the two countries, but Commodity Economy Flourished. hometown. also conducive to peace and According to the bureau statistics, The bust was made by sculptor stability in Southeast Asia, he total commodity retail sales Zhang Yibo. said.

MARCH 17. 1986 9 WESTERN EUROPE Soviet short-range missiles. West German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher said last US Allies Waver on Arms Control month that "the removal of nuclear weapons would bring us West European nations are expressing doubt about the new not more but less security — unless at the same time political US arms control proposal. None of them want to see threats conditions were steadied and the to their security by conventional forces if a US-Soviet pact conventional balance of power eliminating medium-range nuclear missiles is signed. was stabilized." France, which has consistently followed an independent nuclear fter years of urging the United To offset the Soviet superiority policy, is critical of the possible A States and the Soviet Union to in medium-range nuclear missiles, signing of a US-Soviet agreement come to a nuclear arms accord, the NATO (North Atlantic on freezing the number of British West Europeans now suddenly Treaty Organization) countries and French nuclear missiles or fear such a pact might leave the decided in 1979 to deploy 572 US their plans to modernize them continent exposed to conventional cruise and Pershing II missiles in with more warheads. attacks by the Warsaw Pact five West European countries. Since the end of World War II, countries. Over the past two years, nearly the defence strategies of the 300 of these missiles have been NATO countries have relied The fear surfaced when United deployed in Britain, the Federal heavily on the US nuclear States President Ronald Reagan Republic of Germany, Italy and deterrent, which has been regar• on February 22 proposed the Belgium. The Netherlands, which ded as an effective check against elimination of US and Soviet is assigned to deploy 48 cruise Soviet attacks on Western Europe. medium-range nuclear missiles in missiles according to NATO's The West European countries Europe and Asia in the next three plan, has decided to deploy the US argue that at a time when the years. His proposal was made in missiles. Soviet Union still has a vast response to Soviet leader Mikhail British Prime Minister Mar• numerical superiority in troops at Gorbachev's proposal on January garet Thatcher, a staunch sup• its disposal in Europe, it would be 15 which called for complete porter of US policy towards the a precarious move by the United dismantling of all nuclear Soviet Union, expressed her States to withdraw its medium- weapons by the year 2000. concern about the US proposal range missiles from the continent. Reagan's proposal is nothing while meeting Paul Nitze, special If the two superpowers reached an agreement on the elimination of new,-but simply a revised version arms-control adviser to President medium-range missiles in Europe, of his "zero option" programme Reagan. Nitze said nuclear Moscow could then use its put forward at the US-Soviet weapons were a "necessary evil" conventional arms superiority to intermediate forces negotiations that could prevent conventional intimidate Western Europe. in 1981. According to the wars in Europe when he visited proposal, the Soviets would Western Europe earlier last According to the figures dismantle their medium-range month. published by the Western press, missiles targeted on Western Urging Reagan not to lose sight the Warsaw Pact countries have Europe, and the United States of the overall context of West deployed about 1.16 million would drop its plans to deploy its European security. West German troops in Central Europe, 160,000 similar weapons, the Pershing II Chancellor Helmut Kohl warned more than the NATO troops and cruise missiles. that if intermediate-range missiles stationed there. were removed from Europe, it Western Europe, where the two Although Washington and would only enhance the im• big military blocs — NATO and Moscow differ on such a pact, US portance of the Soviets' SS-22 and the Warsaw Pact — confront each Arms Control and Disarmament SS-23 short-range missiles. From other, has been the focus of Agency Director Kenneth Adel- bases in the Soviet Union these contention between the super• man said last month that the two missiles can strike West Germany, powers in their global strategics. countries were likely to make and from forward positions in the What steps Western Europe will some progress in this area at their German Democratic Republic take in response to the US intermediate-range nuclear forces they can hit most of Western proposal remain to be seen. But talks. As a result, US allies are Europe. one thing is certain. None of the becoming nervous over the He insisted that any agreement West European countries will prospect of losing the protective to be concluded between the two allow threats to their security if shield provided by the installation superpowers should limit and, if such a US-Soviet pact is signed. of US missiles. possible, reduce the numbers of by Chen

10 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 LATIN AMERICA their economic growth is ensured. Some have requested that debt Urgent Steps to Curb Looming Debt repayment be based on payment ability. Still others have urged more radical joint action to Something has to be done to cope with the looming debts in grapple with the problem. Latin America which are undermining growth and stability in The International Creditor the region. Bank and other financial agencies, awed by the resistance of the debtor nations and looking out for e nations of Latin America Moreover, the Latin American their own interests, are now r face urgent pressure to solve steel, shoe and textile industries working on debt renegotiation. their debt problems to avoid a are finding it more difficult to gain The International Creditor Bank crisis far more serious than the one access to the markets of developed struck a deal with Venezuela last in 1982, declared the Cartagena countries. month for a rescheduling of its Group of major debtor nations on Yet another dilemma for Latin debts. Prior to this. International February 28 after its meeting in America is the drain of capital Monetary Fund had signed an Uruguay. from the region into the hands of agreement to provide Argentina Plunging oil prices and stagnant the Western nations. Last year, with additional credit. Brazil and production have resulted in repayment of interest and prin• Mexico are negotiating with the sharply reduced revenues among cipal on debts forced Latin commercial banks for more credit. the exporters, sapping their ability American nations to divert more Other Latin American nations to repay debts. Last year alone, than US$30 biUion, or 36 percent have also requested the restructur• Latin American nations lost US$6 of all their export earnings, to ing of their debts. bilHon on the world's raw material creditor nations. The repayment Nevertheless, a fundamental market. If oil prices remain rate, though it has slowed down in solution to the Latin American depressed, Mexico, Venezuela and the past year, still outstrips their debt problem is nowhere within Ecuador, the leading oil producers growth rate. On top of this, local reach. The monitoring committee in the region, will lose more than investment has been cut by one- of the Cartagena Group in US$10 billion this year. third, compared with that of 1980. Uruguay late last month urged the In addition to oil, almost all Faced with the harsh truth, creditor nations to lower their other Latin American exports are Latin American nations are interest rates, and indicated that being touched by falling prices. sdffening their stance when they some Latin American debtor The Latin American Economic explore ways to resolve the nations would have no choice but Commission said in a recent study looming debt affair. Some have to take concrete measures to that the prices of 18 Latin called for the renegotiation of protect their economic interests. American primary products have foreign debts on the premise that by Xiao Fangqiong actually fallen by 16.5 percent compared with prices in 1980, a WEST GERMANY-FRANCE new low since the great depression of the 1930s. The wave of trade protection• Growing Biiaterai Ties ism rising in the United States and other Western industrial countries has also cast a shadow over Latin Bonn and Paris are making efforts to build on their "year of American exports. In 1985, the German-French relationship" designed to inspire European subsidies provided by the Western unity. industrial nations to their own manufacturers resulted in a loss of lew momentum in co• European nations was that in the US$65 billion in Latin American N- operation between the future their foreign ministers will nations. On the international Federal Germany and France has confer with each other on market for farm products, they been gaining ground since 1986 important foreign policy deci• suffered not only a 40 percent fall was proclaimed the "year of sions. They also agreed to double in prices, but also a drastic cut in German-French relationship" by their current number of foreign exports to the US and European. foreign ministers from both minister meetings to four Economic Community countries, countries on January 7. times annually. On top of this, because of an overload of Western One of the agreements reached officials in both countries' foreign farm products competiting on the on February 27-28 in Paris summit ministries, who are in charge of market. meeting between the two West policy, economies and cultural

MARCH 17, 1986 II INTERNATIONAL affairs, will meet once a month. March 16, and general elections in any influence over creating jobs, it France's recent agreement to a Germany are scheduled for will yield favourable impressions West German proposal for war• January next year. Both countries for the strong-willed French time consultation indicates a are faced with severe unemploy• voters and cater to the wishes of substantial advance in Paris-Bonn ment, about 8 percent in Federal West German voters who are connection in security and de• Germany and 10.5 percent in demanding detente between the fence. According to the proposal, France. Although the co• superpowers. a conference between the presi• operation efforts of the two dent of France and the chancellor governments do not directly have by Fang of Federal Germany would be required if France were to use DENMARK strategic weapons within the West German border. However, the Referendum Backs EEC Treaty Reforms final decision will remain in the hands of the French president. After Danish voters approved a package of measures to The two nations are also reform the founding Rome Treaty of the European Economic comtemplating the establishment of a bilateral institute aimed at co• Community, the Danish foreign minister joined his Italian and ordinating French-German tech• Greek counterparts on February 28 in signing the reform nology development policies. package. All EEC member states have now agreed on the As for the European space- package. shuttle plan advocated by France, the West Germans have agreed to enmark passed on February The faction in favour of the participate. This complete turn• 27 a referendum accepting a EEC reform package was led by about demonstrates the great D package of measures to reform the the ruling Conservative People's importance Bonn has attached to founding Rome Treaty of the Party. It stressed that to uphold its co-operation with Paris. European Economic Community the reforms would help safeguard The dedication of France and (EEC). With 56.2 percent in Denmark's vested interests within Federal Germany to improve favour and 43.8 percent against, the EEC, while to oppose them bilateral co-operation is based on the Danish people showed where would signify the first step of many considerations. First, im• their leanings were. Danish withdrawal from the EEC and proved East-West relations. There Foreign Minister Uffe EUemann- eventually hurt the Danish was a dialogue between the Jensen signed the EEC treaty economy. superpowers, though their dif• reform package in the Hague on The anti-reform faction headed ferences remain. Responding to February 28. by the Social Democratic Party the slightly improved world contended the measures would situation, Paris and Bonn have Last year the member nations of increase the power of the expressed their willingness to unite the EEC issued a reform package European Parliament in Stras• to curb the arms race. Better East- of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which bourg and damage Denmark's West relations, said Federal founded the EEC. The package sovereignty. Germany's Foreign Minister called for creating an unhampered Hans-Dietrich Genscher, are not internal market by 1992, a Denmark has great economic only the duty of the superpowers, restriction on the veto power of interest in the EEC. Since but also of Europeans themselves. individual states on certain EEC Denmark joined in 1973, it has issues, and for greater strength of brought in an aggregate of 34 France and the Federal Ger• the European Parliament. How• billion kroner (about US$4.2 many have also made efforts to ever, on January 21 the Danish billion) from EEC exports and inspire European construction. Parliament approved an oppo• subsidies. A country which is West German Chancellor Helmut sition Social Democratic reso• highly dependent on its exports, Kohl and French President lution rejecting the EEC reform Denmark exports 50 percent and Francois Mitterrand have agreed package. It called on the Danish 60 percent of its agricultural and that joint French-German efforts government to go back to the fish products. And 40 percent of are a necessary pre-condition to negotiation table with the other Danish industrial products is sold European development. member nations to review the on the EEC market. The domestic political situ• reforms. When this resolution in The stated aim of the EEC ations in both countries also have turn was rejected by other EEC reform is to strengthen the made it necessary for the two members, the Danish government polifical, economical and techn• governments to step up co• proposed to hold the national ological ties among the member operation. The National As• referendum that finally approved nafions by pushing the EEC to sembly election in France falls on the package. become a real common market.

12 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 This, of course, would only benefit results of the referendum will sition of the minority government. the Danish economy. Although undoubtedly strengthen the po- Liu Xumin the Danish referendum is purely consultative, it is assumed that if RWANDA the majority of the Danish voters opposed the reform package, it would be difficult for the country Building Economy Slowly But Surely to get further support from the While larger African countries rich in natural resources are EEC Council of Ministers. barely breathing, this small landlocked central African Denmark joined the EEC when country is building its economy through self-reliance and the Social Democratic Party was in power. Except the Danish foreign assistance. party, all the Social Democratic iile the woes of hunger in allocated a quarter of its total Parties of other EEC member WEthiopia and widespread investment budget for agriculture. states favour the reform. Some drought and famine throughout With a high population scattered old-time Danish Social Democ• the African continent have made indiscriminately throughout the rats and their party parliamentary all the headlines in the last few tiny mountainous country (about members denounced their party's years, the tiny central African 26,338 sq. km.), Rwanda tra• stand, however, and publicly nation of Rwanda has managed to ditionally counted each family as a stated they would vote in favour of quietly come out ahead by basic work unit, therefore promot• the reforms. The pillar of the building its economy over the last ing individualism instead of Social Democratic Party, the decade. collectivism. Federation of Trade Unions, Since 1980, many African In recent years, the government called on its members to adopt a countries have been bogged down has made loans to the farmers, neutral stand, neither opposing in economic crisis, while Rwanda supplied improved varieties of nor supporting the reform pack• has steadily kept pushing its seeds and has promoted the price age, although its leaders allowed economy on its government's of farm products, steps that have the individual trade unions to "peace, unity and development" stimulated the productivity of the decide for themselves. policy put forth by President Maj.- farmers. In the last several years, Gen Juvenal Habyarimana. grain output has climbed by 4.2 The Radical Party, which has While Rwanda is sfill among the percent annually, higher than the co-operated with the government most underdeveloped countries population growth rate (3.7 on economic policies, but stood on listed by the United Nations — its percent). the side of the opposition, was also scarce in natural resources and The government has begun bogged down with controversy landlocked geographically — the to attract foreign investment by and decided to let its followers former Belgian colony has under• introducing foreign capital to set make their own choice in the taken a policy that combines self- up joint and single ventures to referendum. reliance and foreign assistance, complement its domestic The minority government, led with positive results. economic development. On top of by Prime Minister Poul Schluter Its gross domestic production this, Rwanda receives hefty of the Conservative People's increased at an annual rate of 5 assistance from Belgium, the Party, and comprised of the percent during 1975-80. This European Economic Community Liberals, Centre Democratic growing trend slowed down to 0.6 and the United Nations organiz• Party, Christian People's Party percent by 1983 because of the ations. Outside aid assisted and Conservative People's Party, Western economic crisis. But soon Rwanda in developing its highway has witnessed one crisis after things began to pick up again and network, which has improved the another over the past three years. the growth rate has returned to 4.6 provincial connections and there• Although it has achieved signifi• percent. fore the national economy. cant results in reviving the Down in the southwestern economy, the country still faces Rwanda maintains foreign corner of the country, stands a great difficulties. The lopsided currency deposits of US$100 tea processing factory built in international deficit amounted to million to US$200 million. Its 1981 und.er the assistance of the 28 billion kroner in 1985, an average production output per European Economic Commu• unprecedented figure in Danish capita went from US$171 in 1978 nity. Tea export has now history. Playing on this crisis, the to US$280 in 1984. become a major industry Social Democratic Party had tried Rwanda bases its development emnual production: 8,000 tons) to force the government out of on agriculture, the top priority in and markets have been found in office through its opposition to the ^ the country. The government's many countries. reform package. But the latest third Five-Year Plan (1982-86) by Bao Shishao

MARCH 17. 1986 I.- 13 Taiwan: Prospects for Reunification

After reading the article "Formula for China's Reunification',' "Beijing Review" issue No. 5, some readers have written expressing their hope to understand the recent political and economic situation in Taiwan and the prospects for the peaceful reunification between Taiwan and the mainland. " Beijing Review" asked staff members of the Taiwan Affairs Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing to prepare the following three articles in an effort to answer some of the related questions.

follow these emergency An Appraisal of Island Situation regulations. by Yao Yiping and Liu Yuan These two political theories by which the maintains its rule are very unpopular and hat are the Kuomintang longer able to attend to daily office therefore hard to be kept up. As W authorities in Taiwan count• work. delegates to the "National As• ing on when they continue to reject The second political theory is sembly" and members of the the proposed peaceful reunific• based on the enforcement of "Legislative Yuan" have passed ation with the motherland? martial law. The Kuomintang away one after another, the Externally, they have been authorities published the "War• Kuomintang government will find dependent on the United States, time Emergency Regulations for it increasingly hard to maintain its and internally, they have enforced Punishment of Activities Jeopar• nominal "legally constituted auth• an autocratic rule while relying on dizing the State Security" on ority." As for the tight public their economic strengths. Here we December 25, 1947, when it security measures, they will will analyse the present politico- suffered defeats during the civil eventually be put away by the economic situation in Taiwan, and war launched against the Commu• mounting demands of the Taiwan observe the prospects for the nists. By virtue of martial law, the people for freedom and demo• peaceful reunification of China. Kuomintang imposed military cracy and by the growth and rule, depriving the Chinese people decHne of different pohtical forces Theoretical Basis of their right to democracy and on Taiwan Island and within the freedom. Today, more than 36 Kuomintang itself. The Kuomintang authorities in years after it retreated to Taiwan, Members of the middle class, Taiwan maintain their rule by the Kuomintang continues to which has arisen since the 1970s as relying on two pohtical theories. One is called "legally constituted authority" which means that their government has been elected On October 25,1971, the 26th Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations according to the "constitution of endorsed a resolution on restoring the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of the Repubhc of China" and that China in the United Nations. the Taiwanese government has inherited the "legally constituted authority" of the "Republic of China" founded under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the Chinese democ• ratic revolution in 1911. This explains why the Kuomintang government has all along main• tained its so-called central organs "representing the will of the people" formed in 1948 on the mainland. There are more than 1,000 delegates to the "National Assembly" and more than 300 members of "Legislative Yuan," but many of them, more than 76 years old on the average, are no

14 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 TAIWAN: THE WAY OUT an important social force in the but has created many difficulties patible with the Taiwan author• Taiwan community, are demand• in developing their exchanges with ities' basic policy that there is only ing political rights commensurate related countries in the fields of one China, Taiwan is part of with their economic position. technology, culture and sports. China, and the Taiwanese govern• Democratic movements that re• Sometimes, Taiwanese even have ment is "representative of all of flect their political demands, problems in procuring entry visas China." If the plural systems were though meeting with repeated for travel abroad. put into effect, the Kuomintang setbacks, are not in the least To extricate themselves from authorities' basic policy would no waning. Non-party forces also isolation, the Taiwan authorities longer exist. attack the Kuomintang autocratic in 1981 were compelled to agree to Everything considered, the rule, demanding the abolition of participate in the Olympics in the Kuomintang authorities, weighed tight government controls and name of "China, Taibei" and not down with difficulties both at media censorship. It has been speculated that these democratic movements will eventually de• velop into an important influence on Taiwan's political future. Within the Kuomintang itself, there has been a "successor crisis'" and the intense power struggle centred around the question of successor has continued unabated since 76-year-old President Chiang Ching-kuo fell ill in 1981. Foreign observers predict that the post-Chiang Kuomintang centre of power will be a pluralistic organ fraught with intense power struggle, thus rendering the Kuomintang less powerful and affecting Taiwan's political stability. International Isolation I Since the United Nations recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China in 1971, the international community has to use the national flag or anthem home and abroad, have been come to acknowledge Taiwan as a of the Republic of China. This has driven into a corner with no exits. part of China, causing the Taiwan become dubbed the "Olympic The longer they drag their feet authorities to lose their "sovereign pattern." Conservative Kuomin• over the peaceful reunification of status." The People's Republic of tang forces contend that ac• the two sides, the tighter that China now has established dip• ceptance of this pattern would corner will become. lomatic relations with 133 nations, mean Taiwan agreed to accept its while the Taiwan authorities have status as a local government of Economic Weaknesses diplomatic ties with only 23. China. Therefore, when this People have every reason to pattern is applied to other Taking a look at the economic believe that the number of international organizations, the situation in Taiwan, an observer countries having diplomatic rel• Taiwan authorities become ner• may at first see a success story, but ations with Taiwan will diminish. vous and try hard to boycott them. with deeper study he will discover Although the Taiwan authorities But if the pattern is rejected, what its fundamental weaknesses. have spared no efforts to carry out is the alternative ahead for The period between 1964 and the so-called "essential diplo• Taiwan? Some armchair strate• 1973 is known as the "golden age" macy" by economic means, their gists in Taiwan suggest a state for Taiwan's economy, which efforts will not help lift themselves pattern with plural systems. That grew at an annual rate of 11 from their international isolation is, establishing a legitimate power percent. In the 1974-83 period, or change their deteriorating to represent Taiwan. But this is although the economy suffered actually nothing more than a situation. Their isolation not only two serious recessions, its growth refurbished "two Chinas" pattern. has exerted tremendous negative rate sfill remained a steady 7.4 This pattern, however, is incom- influence on them pschdlogically. percent. Since September 1984,

MARCH 17, 1986 15 however, all major economic murder of Chinese-American should conduct negotiations on an weather vanes indicated lagging writer Liu Yiliang (Henry Liu) by equal footing, so as to put into performance serious enough to Taiwanese agents in October effect the exchange of mail, trade, throw the economy into a new 1984, and last year's corruption air and shipping services between recession. Taiwan is currently scandal of the Taibei No. 10 the mainland and Taiwan. This experiencing a reduction in export Credit Co-operative, have caused policy has received warm support and investment, as well as a the Taiwan people to lose faith in from all Chinese people, including slowdown in industrial produc• the authorities, rendering the those compatriots in TaiNvan, and tion. According to the Taiwan business people reluctant to invest overseas Chinese. authorities' statistics, the real in industry and commerce. Although the Taiwan author• economic growth rate in 1985 was Taiwan's Vice-Minister of ities stick to their Three No's — no only 4.7 percent, a 6.2 percent Economic Affairs Wang Jian- contact, no compromise and no drop from that of 1984. hsuan wrote in a Taiwan negotiations — and their Three periodical:"When in crisis, other Refusals — refusal to exchange Taiwan's economic develop• countries respond with a sense of mail, trade and air and shipping ment is handicapped by its responsibility, whereas we re• services, they have avoided being shortage of natural resources. In spond with evasion and escape. Is too definite in their remarks. For the 1960s and 1970s, Taiwan's there any entrepreneur who does example, some of Taiwan's top industry was limited to the labour- not have saving deposits in foreign officials have repeated in recent banks? At least 80 percent to 90 intensive processing of primary years that reunification of China percent of them have." products. Its structures of capital as soon as possible was the and technology long remained in a common aspiration of the entire backward state; its industry and The Only Way Out Chinese people. Sun Yun-hsuan, trade patterns were lopsided; former president of Taiwan's textiles and the production of From the above political and Executive Yuan, once said, " So household electrical appliances economic analysis it must be long as the mainland's political, were the mainstay of industry. concluded that the continued economic, social and cultural gap Eighty percent of Taiwan's textiles refusal of Taiwan to reunify with gradually narrows, the barriers to were exported; its manufactured the mainland will get the island peaceful reunification will goods were sold mainly on the nowhere, and may eventually lead diminish." United States' market, accounting to the toppling of the present The Taiwan authorities, follow• for 50 percent of its total exports. regime to be followed by a critical, ing its tactic of making changes in So, whenever the United States chaotic situation in Taiwan. In some fields and no changes in economy is in a slump, the Taiwan case this happens, the government others, have made limited modifi• economy becomes stagnant as of the People's Republic of China cations in certain aspects of their well. would do everything possible to policies relating to the mainland. What the Taiwan economy defend the sovereignty over its In entrepot trade for example, basically needs is an overall territory, Taiwan Province. the Taiwan authorities pursue a readjustment and updating of its The Chinese government has policy of "non-interference," on enterprises. But today when made it clear that its policy the ground that it is hard to Taiwan is economically and towards Taiwan is peaceful control those Taiwan goods technologically weak, it is hard for reunification based on the formula already exported to a certain it to achieve the above goal. Worse "one country, two systems." For region and then resold elsewhere. still, Taiwan is facing cut-throat the present, the Kuomintang and The Taiwan authorities also allow competition on the international the some specified mainland goods to market, its economic future is uncertain. Taiwan fisliing boats talcing shelter from a storm at Province's ShenJIamen A major political factor, called a Harbour. "confidence crisis" by the Taiwan press, is another factor influencing Taiwan's economic growth. People on the island fear that once Chiang Ching-kuo dies, serious political unrest will ensue, and that the return of Hongkong to China in 1997 will divest Taiwan of its status as the third largest exporter, even though the Chinese government has declared that Hongkong's return will not hinder Taiwan's economic ties with this major free port. In particular, the 16 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. II TAIWAM: THE WAY Ci-T be sold indirectly to Taiwan. indicated that they are hard- difficult to maintain their Three As for personnel exchanges, the pressed by the current circum• No's and Three Refusals. It must Taiwan authorities allow their stances and that they have been be recognized that the mainland non-governmental organizations unable to continue their policy of Chinese do not wish the Taiwan to participate in international coping with the changing situation authorities to drive themselves to a academic, scientific and techno• with unchanged tactics. In the face corner, but only hope they will logical and cultural conferences of growing demand for reunific• comply with popular feelings, go and sporting events together with ation through the joint efforts of with the tide of history and take their counterparts in the mainland the people living on both sides of the initiative to embark on the the Taiwan Straits, the Taiwan under the "no avoidance, no road that leads to peaceful authorities will find it increasingly concessions" principle. They have reunification. even relaxed control of entry into Taiwan of those compatriots residing in Hongkong and Macao Gratifying Clianges Since 1979 or in foreign countries, who once visited the mainland and now by Guo Xiangzhi and Li Shuiwang want to visit Taiwan. Some of Taiwan's official Ppromoted by the Chinese and sympathizers have come to see newspapers and magazines have Communist Party's policy of the determination of the Chinese carried articles giving specific peaceful reunification of the Communist Party to achieve suggestions on reunification. For mainland and Taiwan, the long• modernization of the country, and example, the magazine of Voice of standing confrontation between its sincerity towards achieving a Free China, carried an article in its both sides of the Taiwan Straits peaceful solution of the Taiwan June 1982 issue, suggesting that has begun to see some relaxadon question. They believe they know reunification be carried out by since 1979. Some encouraging where the future of Taiwan lies, three steps: Both sides should first changes that have taken place over and therefore maintain that now is "push through reforms so as to the last seven years are as follows. the time for the mainland and eliminate barriers to reunifica• Taiwan to enter into negotiations. tion." In the second step, both Peaceful Reunification has At a recent academic sym• sides must agree to open up trade, become a major nationwide posium in the United States, a and their postal and transpor• concern. Many compatriots in noted Taiwan scholar talked tation services to seek "common Taiwan and overseas Chinese about the significance of the ground and mutual understand• alike, especially those who are political and economic reforms ing." In the third step, the paper professionals and intellectuals, sweeping across the mainland. said, the two sides should come to have been actively working Leaders of the Chinese Commu• the negotiation table and convene towards a united China in these nist Party, he said, by learning from the bitter lessons of the a national assembly to adopt a past several years. Pushed by a "," had constitution and realize reuni• high sense of patriotism, they have switched their priorities to the four fication. gone beyond the barriers of modernizations: agriculture, in• The Taiwan authorities have forbidden political zones to hold dustry, national defence and made some changes in their seminars and symposiums on the future of Taiwan. Some of them science and technology. Since the approach as evidenced by these mainland has made great strides in examples; of course they have have even crossed oceans to attend similar activities on the mainland. these areas in the last decade, the done all this not out of their Taiwan scholar argued, people willingness. These changes only During these gatherings, they have expressed strong opposition to the have seen "the Chinese culture prolonged national division and reassert its value and vitality on have cited painful examples that the mainland," adding that herein the split has brought to their lies "the hope for China" and "the motherland as well as to their solid foundadon for its families. Some have reminded the reunification." Taiwan authorities that they must In the meantime, some people not depend on foreigners and that who used to stand for Taiwan's the most realistic way is to rely on "independence" or "self- their fellow-countrymen, the determination" also have begun to Chinese people, for the prosperity understand that it is no longer wise of their motherland. to depend on external forces and it From the developments that is impossible for Taiwan to have taken place on the mainland become independent. They in• in recent years and the successful dicated that so long as the Chinese solution of the Hongkong ques• Communist Party was sincere in tion, some Kuomintang members and capable of solving the ques-

MARCH 17. 1986 17 tion of reunification, Taiwan players in the mainland. And in mainland and Taiwan was less should enter into negotiations July 1984 when the athletes from than US$80 million. But it grew to with it. Some of them even the mainland were hotly contest• US$300 milhon in 1980 and proposed that Taiwan practise ing their foreign counterparts at US$460 million in 1981. Due to democratic autonomy in hne with the Los Angeles Olympic Games, some internal and external factors, the "one country, two systems" the Taiwan authorities, fearing it dropped to US$220 million and principle. that the outstanding performance US$249 million respectively in of athletes from the mainland 1982 and 1983. In the last two Demand for Exchanges Between might exert adverse influence on years, however, the indirect trade Both Sides Becomes Stronger. the Taiwan people, ordered the between the two sides has been To promote the course of national local TV station to cut shots of booming, largely because people reunification, people of different these Chinese athletes. This in the industrial and commercial social strata on both sides of the aroused strong opposition from circles in Taiwan regard their Taiwan Straits and those living the Taiwan public. Many of them trade relations with the mainland abroad hope that both sides will denounced this act of the Taiwan as a major way to get out of the reduce hostility and resume authorities in letters, cables and economic recession in the capital• normal people-to-people ex• articles, stressing that the out• ist world. It has been reported that changes. Those in the cultural standing performance of the such trade was valued at US$567 circle demand that Taiwan begin athletes from the mainland at the million in 1984. In the first half of exchanges with the mainland first Los Angeles Olympic Games 1985, their trade volume reached in the academic, cultural, sports represented the glory of the 1 US$600 million and the trade and music fields. Industrialists biUion Chinese, the Taiwan people volume is believed to have reached and businessmen hope to invest in included. Since then the Taiwan US$1 billion for the whole year. the mainland and restore and authorities have slightly relaxed All in all, it is clear that the develop trade there. Some Tai• these types of restrictions. And in situation prevailing on both sides wanese are already doing business recent years, an increasing number of the Taiwan Straits is developing with their counterparts on the of Taiwan Chinese have come to in the direction favourable to the mainland, ignoring the Kuomin- the mainland to tour or visit realization of national unity. tang threats and embargoes. friends and relatives. A number of Though there remain serious To help the Taiwanese gain a them have even settled down on obstacles, we beheve the day will better understanding of life on the the mainland. not be far off when the long- mainland, Taiwan newspapers, Trade Grows Between Both cherished dreams of national radio and TV stations have made Sides. In 1979, the year in which reunification and family reunion fairly objective reports and the Message to Taiwan Com• will come true so long as the documentaries about the patriots sent out from the Chinese people at home and mainland's achievements in mainland was pubHshed, the value abroad work hard with one heart science, technology, culture and of the indirect trade between the towards this common goal. sports. Taiwan publishing com• panies have printed many works by mainland writers; cultural institutions have sponsored art A Review of CPC-KMT Co-operation exhibitions on the mainland; local Taiwanese TV and radio stations by Li Wen have included programmes intro• ducing prevalent customs in various mainland provinces. n 1911, the Kuomintang headed thoughts and dauntless In March 1980 when a West I by Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner courage."* German freighter was berthed at of democratic revolution, led a The Communist Party actively the Jilong (Keelung) Port of nationwide uprising to overthrow responded to Sun's willingness to Taiwan, seamen from the Chinese the last feudalist rule of the Qing co-operate and in return offered mainland working on the ship Dynasty. The result was the him and the Kuomintang a great were invited by the Jilong Branch founding of the Republic of deal of help. After a year of of the Taiwan Seamen's Trade China. However, the new political preparations. Sun Yat-sen himself Union to go sightseeing in Taibei. power was soon usurped by presided over the Kuomintang's These mainland sailors found warlords, and the Kuomintang First National Congress held in themselves wrapped up in warmth was thrown into confusion. Guangzhou on January 20, 1924. and hospitality. In January 1982 At that time. Dr. Sun Yat-sen The focus of the congress was to when Taiwan played host to the turned his hopes to the Commu• reorganize the Kuomintang, and it Fifth Women's World Softball nist Party of China, which was Game, many Taiwan compatriots founded in 1921. He was sure that strongly demanded the Taiwan "in the struggle, he could rely on * From the Selected Works of Soong authorities send invitations to the their [the Communists'] definite Ching Ling.

18 BEIJING REVIEW, NO, 11 TAIWAN: THE WAY OU • was there that the Kuomintang's the head of the institute. During civil war, the .lapanese invaded first constitution was adopted this period of Kuomintang- China. In 1931, they occupied alongside a declaration. These Communi^Jt co-operation, the three northeastern provinces, and documents adopted the Commu• revolutionary armed forces put further attempted to annex the nists' demands for fighting against down a reactionary riot among entire country. At this time, China imperialism and feudalism. The merchants in Guangzhou, and was faced with a choice of life or congress made new interpret• frustrated a rebellion launched by death. The Communist Party ations of the Three People's warlord Chen Jiongming in south called for a truce between the two Principles — Nationahsm, Demo• China. It was during this time that rival parties to fight together cracy and the People's Livelihood the workers' and peasants' against foreign aggression, and — and put forth a three-tiered revolutionary movement against later suggested the establishment policy of co-operating with the imperialism and feudalism gained of a against the Soviet Union and the Communist momentum. Japanese. Party and assisting workers and The most resounding victory in peasants. Many Communists their common struggle was On December 12,1936, General Zhang Xuehang and Yang joined the Kuomintang as indiv• achieved in the Northern Expe• Hucheng detained their supreme iduals. Li Dazhao and two other dition. In less than one year, the commander Generalissimo Communists were elected mem• revolutionary armed forces Chiang Kai-shek in Xian, in an bers of the Kuomintang's Central occupied the Changjiang (Yang• attempt to force Chiang to accept Executive Committee. Mao Ze• tze) River basin and most of the their anti-Japanese position. The dong, , Qu Qiubai and Huanghe (Yellow) River valley. Communist Party immediately four other Communists were Unfortunately, Sun Yat-sen sent Zhou Enlai to Xian to chosen as alternate members of died on March 25, 1925. The mediate—a successful move that the committee. This marked the Kuomintang rightists, headed by led to a peaceful settlement of the beginning of co-operation be• Chiang Kai-shek, betrayed tnc Xian Incident. In March 1937, tween the Communist Party and revolution on April 12, 1927, by Zhou Enlai negotiated with the Kuomintang. massacring large numbers of Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Lifu, and another agreement of co• Front gate of the Huangpu (Whampoa) Military Academy. operation between the two parties was concluded. The War of Resistance Against Japan began on July 7, 1937, when the Japanese attacked Lugou Bridge (also known as Marco Polo Bridge), in the southwestern suburbs of Beijing. It was followed by the Kuomintang soldiers' stand against Japanese aggression in Shanghai on August 13. On August 25, the Communist- led Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army under the leadership of Chiang Kai- shek. On September 22, the Kuomintang's Central News Agency issued a declaration on Kuomintang-Communist co• operation, which the Central Committee of the CPC had earlier handed to the Kuomintang. The Through the joint efforts of the Communists and putting down following day, Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang and the Communist the movements of workers and made a statement in which he Party, the Huangpu (Whampoa) peasants. This led to the breakup recognized the legal position of the Military Academy was founded in between the Kuomintang and Communist Party, marking the 1924, with Chiang Kai-shek as its Communists. beginning of the second co• president and Zhou Enlai as In the following 10 years, China operation between the Kuomin• director of the Political Depart• was locked in civil war, during tang and the Communists. ment of the Academy. The which time, the Kuomintang The second phase of co• National Institute of Peasant attempted to eliminate the operation, though not without Movement was also set up in 1924 Communists and their armed conflicts and setbacks, lasted for and Mao Zedong was appointed forces. Taking advantage of the eight years while the war raged on

MARCH 17, 1986 19 ARTICLES Speaking Out on 'Year of Peace' The United Nations has declared1986 the International Year of Peace. "Beijing Review" staff reporters Zheng Fangkun and Li Li interviewed Zhang Wenjin, president of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and deputy director of the Chinese Organizational Committee for International Year of Peace. Zhang, a veteran diplomat, was formerly a vice-minister of foreign affairs and ambassador to the United States.

Beijing Review: How would you develops, people are realizing that informed on the unrest and assess tlie current situation of if there were another world war, it disturbances in other parts of the worid peace and disarmament? would undoubtedly surpass the world because of the mass media. horrors of the previous two and They are thus better equipped to Zhang Wenjin: The hottest issue leave the world in a complete state organize themselves to guard facing the world today is the of disaster. • against the spread of tension that prevention of war and mainten• It used to . be the case that could eventually lead to world ance of world peace. People can small countries could do little war. only carry out their daily work in to prevent wars launched by the In short, the forces.that prevent peaceful surroundings, whereas big powers and were forced war are gaining strength. war cannot but hinder the nations' to silently accept their aftermaths. However, the danger of world economic and social development Numerous medium and small wars should not be underes• and bring their people disaster. countries have won independence timated. The world nowadays is We feel the prospects for peace since World War II. They have a still troubled with regional are better than ever before for the greater say in international affairs, conflicts and wars, most of which following reasons: and hope for a peaceful enviro- the superpowers have either After the two world wars and menent where they can develop manipulated or become directly the continuing unrest and chaos, their national economy. As the involved in for their own people have come to see their third world grows stronger, the purposes. There is always the danger and dire consequences of forces for peace grow stonger as danger that some of these regional war and have therefore become well. wars, once mis-handled, may light more determined than ever to do Common people can now play a up a world conflagration. But a their part for the defence of world bigger role in preventing war. In world war is unlikely to break out peace. the past wars have silently crept up if the forces for peace are fully As the sophisticated arms race on people. Today they are better mobilized.

to drive out the invaders. The two periods of co-operation united China is one that has stood However, that co-operation was were all initiated and promoted by and will stand a long time. undermined by the Kuomintang the Communist Party, but sabo• Sun Yat-sen devoted his entire only one year after the surrender taged by Kuomintang members. life to the unification of his of the Japanese in 1945. In early In recent years, top leaders of country. He said: "Unification is July 1946, the Kuomintang troops the Communist Party have the hope of all Chinese people. If launched an all-out offensive appealed again and again for a unity is realized, the Chinese against liberated areas led by t^he third phase of co-operation and people will be dehghted. If it fails, Communist Party. The return to the peaceful reunification of the Chinese people will suffer." civil war resulted in the collapse of Taiwan and the mainland through The Communist Party of China is the Kuomintang and the birth of negotiations. now in all its sincerity seeking the New China in 1949. Co-operation is necessary. The peaceful reunification of the Reviewing the history of the co• concept of a "united" China has motherland. The Taiwan author• operation between the two parties long been regarded as funda• ities also have publicly expressed makes it clear that when the mental to running a healthy, stable their desire to see a united China. Kuomintang and the Communists country. Chinese civilization — Co-operation is also possible. co-operated, the state thrived, the one of the oldest in the world — Taiwan is currently weighed down revolutionary forces were victori• has proven that territorial splits in by difficulties at home and ous and the people led better lives. China are temporary, and that a abroad. The political and

20 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. II Disarmament is a key link to the sake of world peace, the Zhang: Possessing one-forth of peace issue. The more so• superpowers must accomplish the the world's population, China can phisticated the military techniques following: and should play a significant role become, the greater the threat of They must first initiate disarma• in the defence of peace. We should war. Currently, the two super• ment, particularly in the number act in two ways. One is to adhere powers have an absolute advan• of weapons of mass destruction. to the peaceful stand. China will tage in arms, which no other Then they must cease their never harm the interest of other nation can match. This arms race interference in the regional hot nations, nor will it allow any between the Soviet Union and the spots, withdraw their troops from country to harm the interests of United States not only hurts the those regions, and let the people of China. We insist on developing development of world economies, those countries resolve their own relations with other countries but also heavily burdens their own problems and stabilize the situ• under the five principles of economies. But for various ation there. peaceful coexistance. We will not reasons, it has not been easy to get compromise our principles for any them to take disarmament seri• BR: How does China evaluate the selfish interests. Furthermore, ously. Though they meet occa• spreading peace movement China must develop and become sionally and have come up with within many countries, and strong as soon as possible, strong some agreements in the course of where does China stand? in the material sense first and their negotiations, these compro• foremost. China has developed mises are merely in non- Zhang: The peace movement is some strength, but not enough to substantial fields. Real disarma• varied in its composition and contain the aggressors worldwide, ment, we feel, should be carried demands. There are religious, and certainly only in regions out in substance, such as reduction feminist and student orgaizations nearby. of nuclear arms that, if used would that differ in ideology, but are lead to mass annihilation. striving for the same end result. To BR: What activities does China analyze the nature of these groups, plan to Involve itself in the International Year of Peace? BR: In terms of world peace, one must assess their respective theses and aims. But this is Zhang: As the organizational what are the key issues to which committee, we will make the we should attach importance? irrevelant when we speak of peace. We hope that broad international significance of the "peace year" Zhang: I think the threat of world unity will forge ahead to prevent widely known through the mass war stems mainly .from intense war. media. We will try every means to rivalry between the two super• sponsor various activities, to show powers. This finds expression in BR: How can China as a large our support for peace and to the arms race and in their country contribute to world strengthen our relations with worldwide intervention. For the peace? people in other parts of the world.

economic crises in Taiwan are for the reunification of the the Communist Party hopes both mounting. For a long time, the country. The signing of the Sino- sides will relinquish past enmity Kuomintang authorities were British declaration on the Hong• and come together once again to content to rule just a part of the kong question in late 1984 was make further contributions to the divided country — Taiwan applauded by people around the rejuvenation of the country. In Province — but now the situation world. This move has produced July 1983, said; is changing, and they find incalculable influence on the issue "We want to fulfil the cause left themselves at an historical turning of reunification between Taiwan behind by our predecessors. If the point. Many far-sighted members and the mainland. Chiangs and all those who have of the Kuomintang have come to The Communist Party of China devoted themselves to the cause of accept that holding to a part of adheres to the principle of seeking reunifying China can accomplish Chinese territory cannot ensure truth from reality. The Party has this cause, they will find long-term security, and insisting always respected Sun Yat-sen, themselves better recorded in that national division will only founder of the Kuomintang, and history." lead to self-destruction. recognizes the Kuomintang as a The concept of "one country, long-standing polifical party that two systems" put forward by has made substantial contri• Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping butions to the modern democratic has laid down a solid foundation revolution in China. Therefore,

MARCH 17. 1986 21 New Laws Uphold Women's Rights

Although China's constitution guarantees women's equal rights, incidences of discrimination against and maltreatment of women in many spheres of society continue to come to light. The recently promulgated Inheritance Law is one of the attempts by policymakers to address specific abuses. by Our Correspondent Li Ning

he fundamental principle of transfer her loyalties to her local court. Under contention Tequality between men and husband's family. A daughter, were the houses left behind by her women has been upheld by the therefore, had no right to inherit husband but which were later Chinese government ever since the from her parents, nor had a widow registered in the name of her son. founding of the People's Republic any rights to retain her husband's When local authorities announced in 1949. Each of the four property if she remarried. that the property would be requisitioned for a construction constitutions formulated since Although such feudal traditions project, mother and son quarrel• then has contained clauses violate women's rights and have led over the reparations the ensuring basic rights for women. been discredited, their residual government would pay. The son The Constitution adopted in 1982 influence is still felt in society. It refused to share the money with states explicitly that women in was to combat this influence that his mother. However, with the China have equal rights in all the Inheritance Law of the help of her lawyer, the widow spheres of life, whether political, People's Republic of China was finally won the suit. economic, cultural or social, and adopted last April; since it was that their rights and interests will promulgated, many women have Taihu Township Women's be protected by the state. been encouraged to bring their Federation in Tongxian County, Legal stipulations guaranteeing grievances to court or mediating Beijing, made a survey of 4,490 women's rights have led to great organs where they were swiftly famihes and found that in 86 of improvement in the political, resolved. them, or 2 percent, their members economic and social status of were frequently squabbling and women in China since 1949. One example is the case of the disputes mostly stemmed from However, traditional attitudes of Wang Guifen of Fangshan questions of inheritance. In many male chauvinism, which pre• County, Beijing. Brought up by cases, the woman's right to inherit dominated in China for several her grandfather after the death of was violated or a widow who thousand years, have yet to be her parents, she was in line to remarried was denied her right to entirely eliminated; they are inherit the old man's assets when keep her former husband's manifested in the continued he died. When Wang's uncle, property. Such figures are typical existence of discrimination against thinking that as a senior middle of incidences of encroachment and maltreatment of women. school student Wang was too young to fight back, tried to force upon the legal rights and interests Policymakers, alerted to her to sign over to him her right to of women. specific incidents by trade unions, the inheritance, Wang, however, women's groups and the Commu• brought the matter to the county nist Youth League, have become people's court and wrote a letter to Local Laws increasingly aware of the problem the Beijing Municipal Women's of abuses against women's rights Federation for help. The feder• Results of a survey conducted in and interests and a number of laws ation assisted her in obtaining a Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin and regulations accordingly have lawyer, who successfully defended indicated that 65 percent of the been promulgated to specifically her claim based upon the state women interviewed think "inequ- address problem areas. inheritance law. ahty" is common in promotion and hiring practices in the Inheritance Rights In another incident a widow workplace and in admissions surnamed Hao from the Chong- policies in schools. When a woman married in the wen District of Beijing brought a Officials have responded to old days, she was required to lawsuit against her only son to the reports of discrimination by

22 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 WOMEN'S RIGHT promulgating local laws in defence population and are a major force Law to female cadres, who in turn of women's rights in various in the development of the rural are asked to explain it to women provinces, municipalities and economy. In , for example, farmers. This effort has helped autonomous regions. there are more than 190,000 them understand the intricacies of A notable example is the law specialized household enterprises contract business. entitled "Regulations Concerning run by women, accounting for the Protection of Legitimate about 30 percent of the specialized Legal Counselling Office Rights and Interests of Women household enterprises in the March 1985 saw the opening of and Children" promulgated in the province. In the suburbs and the No. 8 Legal Counselling Office Ningxia Hui Autonomous counties of Beijing, 70 percent of of the Dongcheng District in Region. The various articles of the the women are involved in Beijing, the first in China to be law prohibit discrimination commodity production. These devoted to women's rights. against women in promotion and working women have discovered Designed to provide legal as• job assignment and in the that knowledge of the law can help sistance to women and children, it allocation of apartments by the them do a good business. is staffed with 16 lawyers, 15 of work units, protect the rights of whom are women. mothers of female babies, guaran• In the first six months of its tee inheritance rights of widows, Knowledge Essential opening, the office received 454 and assure freedom from coercion clients from Beijing and other in marriage. Violations of the law places. Of these clients, 237, or will be punished. Wang Ruiming, a woman farmer from Beijing's Tongxian 52.1 percent, came for marriage County, grew two mu (1 mu equals and family problems; 31, or 6 Local laws like the one adopted percent, for women's inheritance in Ningxia are expected to be one-fifteenth of a hectare) of watermelons last year. Ignorant of problems; 27, or 5.9 percent, for effective in solving problems problems of child support or care involving discrimination against the legal requirement, she failed to secure a purchase contract from of the aged; and the remaining women. Whether a state law on 159, or 36 percent, for advice the legal rights and interests of the local co-op, with the result that the co-op would not transport her concerning arbitration and women is ultimately enacted will criminal and economic matters. depend upon the situation that melons to the market. One of the clients was Liu prevails after the implementation To help rural women like Wang, Cailin, a woman worker from a of local laws. the legal counselling office of textile mill in Pinggu County, In China today, women account Tongxian County sends people to Beijing. Married several years for 50 percent of the rural explain the Economic Contract earlier to a middle school teacher, Liu financially supported her husband when he started attend• ing university soon after their marriage. Before he graduated, however, the man sowed discord between his mother and his wife and then on the basis of that demanded a divorce. Liu felt she had more than enough reasons to refuse the demand and went to the legal counselling office for help. After careful investigation, her lawyer, Zhang Guiwen, advised Liu to accept the divorce demand, saying that her husband had purposely started the quarrel as an excuse to divorce her and change his residence to the city. When she came to understand that it was her husband and not her mother-in-law who was at fault, Liu consented to the divorce. Zhang then notified the university of Liu's ex-husband's perfidy; the authorities there decided he should be sent not to the city but back to the county school where he used to teach.

MARCH 10, 1986 23 ltB¥isl in China Made Easier for Foreigners

Law on the Control of Entry and Exit for Foreigners Facilitates Tourism and Business Trips.

oday foreigners may travel Kunming, Guilin, Hangzhou and of Entry and Exit under the Tfreely to all the open cities and other prefectures and ports of Ministry of Public Security, with counties in China without a travel entry already began to issue visas China's growing development, permit. at the beginning of 1985. more areas will be open in the Foreigners that invest in China future. Foreign Investors May Reside In may apply for long-term or China. This important stipulation permanent residence in China. Other stipulations of the new in the law indicates China's law include: Foreigners leaving China are determination to adhere to the not required to apply for exit visas. open policy. It states: "Foreigners 1) Administrative Agencies. — These are some of the new that invest in China or are engaged The Chinese diplomatic missions, stipulations in the Law of the in economic, scientific and consulates and other representa• People's Republic of China on the technological or cultural co• tions in foreign countries auth• Control of the Entry and Exit for operation with Chinese enter• orized by the Ministry of Foreign Foreigners which went into effect prises or institutions in ac• Affairs shall be the agencies of the on February 1. cordance with Chinese law, and Chinese government to deal with other foreigners that need to live in The new law was enacted to the entry and transit applications China for a long time may acquire meet China's open policy and to of foreigners in other countries. the status for long-term or promote China's international — The Ministry of Public exchanges. Compared to the permanent residence, subject to the approval of the competent Security, the local public security Provisions for the Management of organs authorized by the Ministry Foreigners" Entry. Exit, Transit, authorities of the Chinese government." of Public Security and the local Residence and Travel pro• foreign affairs authorities auth• mulgated by the State Council in orized by the Ministry of foreign 1964, there are substantial Restrictions on Travel Are Affairs shall be the agencies of the changes in, as well as supplements Relaxed. In the past, foreigners Chinese government to deal with to, those stipulations concerning intending to visit China's inland the entry, transit, residence and foreigners" residence and travel in areas had to apply for travel travel applications of foreigners in China and their exit procedures. permits. To suit its expanded China. exchanges with other countries, in Entry and Exit Procedures Are 1982 China opened 29 cities and 2) The Chinese Government Simplified. The new law has counties where foreign visitors are Protects the Legal Rights and abolished the requirements for not required to apply for travel Interests of Foreigners in China. foreigners to apply for exit visas permit. By the end of 1985 the when leaving China. It stipulates: number of open cities and counties The personal freedom of "Foreign nationals leaving China increased to 107. Another 137 foreigners shall not be violated. are only required to present valid were opened on February 1 this Foreigners in China are obliged to passports or other related year, raising the total number to observe Chinese law. Foreigners documents."" 244 (see "Chinese Cities and shall not be allowed to leave China The new law also relaxed Counties Open to Foreign Visi• under these circumstances: If he is controls over entry procedures. It tors," p. 25). Actually foreigners found to be a defendant in a stipulates: Foreigners who are now can visit most of China's criminal case, or is a criminal going to enter China shall apply to cities, scenic spots and tourist suspect charged by the public the Chinese diplomatic missions, resorts with only a valid visa or security organs; if he comes under consulates or other organizations identification for permanent res• the notice of the people's court in foreign countries authorized by idence. that he has been involved in an the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Foreigners intending to visit unclosed civil case; and if he has visas. Under specific circum• areas that are not open must still committed an offence against stances, they may also apply to the apply for travel permits from the Chinese law that has not been designated visa offices. The visa local public security organs. dealt with and the' competent offices in Shanghai, Beijing, According to Cao Luhe, director authorities find it necessary to Tianjin, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Dalian, of the Bureau of the Management detain him for investigation.

24 BEIJING REVIEW. NO. 1 I Chinese Cities and Counties Open to Foreign Visitors

here are now 244 open cities and counties in China where foreigners may travel freely without having Tto apply for travel permits. They are: Beijing Municipality Tianjin Municipality Shanghai Municipality Province: Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang, Chengde, Baoding, , Handan and Zhuoxian. Shanxi Province: Taiyuan, Datong, Linfen and Yuncheng. Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region: Hohhot, Manzhouli, Tongliao, Baotou, Erenhot, Hailar, Dongsheng, Xilin Hot, Zalantun and Dalad Qi. Liaoning Province: Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, Fushun, Dandong, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Fuxin, Liaoyang, Benxi, Tiding, Chaoyang and Panjin. Jilin Province: , Jilin, Yanji, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baicheng and Antu (Changbai Mountain Natural Preserve). Province: Harbin, Qiqihar, Daqing, Jixi, Jiamusi. Mudanjiang, Hegang, Qitaihe, Yichun and Wuda Lian Chi. Jiangsu Province: Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Lianyungang, Nantong, Changzhou, Yangzhou, Zhen- jiang, Xuzhou, Huaiyin and Yancheng. Zhejiang Province: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Jinhua, Jiaojiang and Putuo (Putuo Mountain tourist zone). Anhui Province: Hefei, Wuhu, Huangshan, Bengbu, Tunxi, Maanshan, Anqing, Huainan, Huaibei, Chuzhou, Chaohu, Shexian, Fengyang, Jingxian and Jiuhua Mountain tourist zone. Province: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chongan. Jiangxi Province: Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Yingtan, Jinggangshan and Ganzhou. Shandong Province: Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Taian, Weifang, Zibo and Jining. Henan Province: Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Anyang, Xinxiang, Xinyang, Nanyang, Puyang, Pingdingshan and Wenxian. Hubei Province: Wuhan, Yichang, Shashi, Xiangfan, Xianning, Danjiangkou, Huangshi, Jingmen, Ezhou, Shiyan and Jiangling. Hunan Province: Changsha, Hengyang, Yueyang, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou. Guangdong Province: Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Haikou, Zhanjiang, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Shaoguan, Maoming, Huizhou, Chaozhou, Sanya, Meixian, Dongguan. Gaoyao. Qiongshan, Anding, Qionghai, Wanning, Tunchang, Chengmai, Lingao, Danxian, Wenchang, Baoting, Baisha, Qiongzhong, Lingshui, Ledong, Dongfang, Changjiang, Xingning, Huiyang. Boluo, Heyuan, Lufeng, Haifeng, Huidong, Xinxing, Yunfu, Sihui, Fengkai and Deqing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Nanning, Guilin, Beihai, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Binyang, Gulping, Rongxian, Guixian, Beiliu, Xingan and Luchuan. Sichuan Province: Chengdu, Chongqing, Leshan, Wanxian, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan and Zhongxian. Province: , , Zunyi, Kaili, , Shibing, Qingzhen, Zhenyuan, Huangguoshu Waterfall scenic spot. Yunnan Province: Kunming, Dali, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Qujing, Tonghai, Jinghong, Menghai, Simao and Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County. Tibet Autonomous Region: Lhasa. Shaanxi Province: Xian, Xianyang, Yanan, Baoji and Hancheng. Gansu Province: Lanzhou, Baiyin, Jiayuguan, Jiuquan, Tianshui, Linxia, Yongjing, Dunhuang and Xiahe. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region: Yinchuan and Zhongwei. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Urumqi, Shihezi, Turpan and Kashi. Qinghai Province: Xining, Huangzhong (Taer Temple), Golmud and Gonghe.

MARCH 17. 1986 25 FROM THE CHINESE PRESS

On March 15, 1984, Deng Pu• Doctors Urged to Quit Smoking fang and Wang Luguang founded the China Welfare Fund for the Disabled after several months of "RENMIN RIBAO" conducted by the CMA showed painstaking efforts. Later, Deng, (Peoples Daily, Overseas Edition) that smokers had 10 times the sitting in a wheelchair, visited the chance of acquiring lung State Planning Commission, the cancer than did non-smokers, Minsitry of Education, the smokers' chances were four times hina's doctors should take the Ministry of Labour and Personnel greater for chronic bronchitis and C lead in quitting smoking, the Affairs, and the Ministry of Civil three times for coronary disease. Chinese Medical Association Affairs to urge them to agree to (CMA) declared recently. The association called on its enrolling 301 disabled students members and all medical person• The association, an organiz• into the institutions of higher nel in China not only to quit ation of Chinese medical workers, learning in 1984. The welfare fund also called for a ban on smoking in smoking, but to persuade others to has also appealed to the Ministry public places, including hospital stop the "harmful habit." of Civil Affairs and the General wards and waiting rooms. Nearly 34 percent of Chinese Administration of Customs to people older than 15 — including Smoking has been proven pass two regulations on tax many doctors — smoke cigarettes, harmful to health in many ways, reductions and exemption for according to an earlier nationwide particularly by inducing lung individual undertakings run by the cancer and heart disease. China's survey of about 500,000 people, disabled and on customs reduc• recent increase in lung cancer, which was conducted by the tions for imported goods needed other pulmonary diseases and Central Committee for the by disabled persons and their cardiac troubles has been closely Patriotic Sanitation Campaign organizations. In addition, the linked to smoking. A recent survey from January to August 1985. welfare fund has published a magazine, San Yue Feng (Wind in March) and is now making efforts to establish a modern rehabilit• ation centre for the disabled. and His Cause Give Them Cheaper Rooms "WENHUI YUEKAN" month for pocket money. Later, (Wenhui Monthly) he was sent to stay with his parents "JINGJI RIBAO" who were then under house arrest (Economic Daily) in Jiangxi Province. It was only n the spring of 1968, when the after died in an air crash I "cultural revolution" was in in September 1971 that he here is a severe shortage of full swing, Deng Pufang, then a returned to Beijing for proper Tcheap and medium-priced student at Beijing University, was treatment. hotels for foreign tourists in persecuted by the cohorts of Lin Beijing. Biao and the because When the "cultural revolution" In the more than 50 hotels open of false charges against his father, came to an end in 1976, Deng to foreigners, 28 percent of the Deng Xiaoping, today's top Pufang took a wheelchair to work rooms are de luxe class. But nearly Chinese leader. As a result, his two at the Dbngfeng TV Sets Factory. half of the rooms in hotels under legs were permanently damaged In 1980, his health further construction come under this and today he remains crippled. As deteriorated. In October, he was category. he lay in his hospital bed back sent to Canada for two major Last year, Beijing travel services then, he got to know Wang operations. They saved his life, he received 380,000 foreign, overseas Luguang, suffering from a serious could sit straight, but still could Chinese or Hongkong and Macao traffic accident that was to leave not bend to pick up or reach for tourists. Seventy percent of them him a paraplegic. Just prior to the things. The Canadian doctors sought rooms priced at less than Spring Festival of 1971, Deng suggested he stay on in Canada in 100 yuan a day, but of 14,000 Pufang was sent to a relief centre a famous rehabilitation centre and rooms available, more than 50 for the disabled on the outskirts of offered to cover all the expenses. percent charged more than that. In Beijing. Crowded into a damp and Deng politely refused, but what he hotels under construction or dark room with 10 others, Deng saw at the centre made him planning, only 11.5 percent of made waste-paper baskets with his determined to set up a modern rooms were priced below 100 hands, earning a few yuan a rehabihtation centre back home. yuan.

26 BEIHNG REVIEW, NO. 11 As the nation's capital, Beijing The hotel industry is underde• must have some luxury ac• veloped in China. Of total tourism Foundation commodation, but a reasonable revenues, only 18 percent comes ratio would be between 20 percent from room charges, a much lower Boosts Research and 30 percent of the total. When proportion than that of developed this percentage is exceeded, de countries. One way to boost the luxe hotels have difficulty filling business would be to set up more "RENMIN RIBAO" their rooms during off seasons. one or two-star hotels. (People's Daily) Many foreign tourists are Hotel room costs in Beijing are ordinary people with relatively priced independently by the low incomes. They come to China management. The prices of some to enjoy the country's sights and rooms have been floating from he decision by the State Council enjoy its rich culture, and to go between 40 and 80 yuan to be• Tto establish a natural science home with low-priced arts and tween 60 and 100 yuan. Some foundation has recently brought crafts as souvenirs. They prefer hotels and guest houses ascend to warm praise in the Chinese press. simple, cheap accommodation. If the de luxe rank by merely having Establishing this foundation is the country lacks low and their suites renovated and both a reform of our scientific and medium-grade hotels, a great equipped with colour TV sets and technical system and a strategic number of tourists will find it refrigerators, while the service measure to encourage the smooth difficult to make the visit. itself is not improved. development of fundamental research. Traditionally, such prcjecis were separately administered and funds allocated by different departments. The new foundation County Party Head Apologizes will centralize the administration of projects' approval and fund allocation. health, she was unable to make the "HEBEI RIBAO" Research, application and tech• trip. She asked someone to write a (Hebei Daily) nical exploitation are the compo• letter of criticism to the county nent parts of science and tech• Party committee on her behalf In nology. The state will continue the letter, she said, "I'm old and increasing funds for fiincia- e radio station in Linxi not in good health. How can I mental research according lo uvz r County in Hebei Province make the 40-kilometre trip to your country's financial condiuvjns. recently broadcast a letter from an office? During the war, the cadres But funds administration will old woman who was critical of the who stayed at my home were very break away from the old system, county Party committee. Hua modest and warm. They even which led to duplication of effort Fuheng, Party secretary of the helped me with household chores. county, noted the criticism and and waste. Promising young I found if I did not see them for a scientists did not receive proper apologized for the behaviour that few days I missed them. Now, you support. The foundation will sparked it. enjoy a good life and seem to have overcome these shortcomings. forgotten us common people. Hu Xiuying, the woman who Years go by between your visits to The new funds system is a wrote the letter, said during the us. By writing this letter, I just nationwide academic administr• War of Resistance Against Japan, want to tell you one thing: Cadres ation system controlled by her home was used as a contact should not detatch themselves democratic management of scien• point for underground Party from the people. It is understa• tists and experts, (t aims to members. Her husband, she said, ndable that you forget me. You promote a nationwide compe• was killed by the Japanese because should never, however, forget the tition for the best research items, he had been protecting Party people." according to the state's overall members. Recently, officials of the programme for science and Hua Fuheng was deeply moved department of civil affairs in Linxi technological development. It will by Hu's letter. The next day, he County asked Hu to come to the boost fundamental research and went to Hu's home to apologize in county government office in order help it develop in world science. person. Later, he conducted a self- to renew her preferential treat• criticism at a meeting of the ment certificates given to revo• county's cadres. He then wrote an lutionary martyrs' families. article of self-criticism, which he Hu said, however, because of later gave to the county broadcast• her advanced age and ailing ing stadon for publication.

MARCH 17, 1986 China's foreign aid programme Aids to Foreign Countries began in 1950. It provided aid to 17 countries in the 1950s, 35 hina will offer 253 economic pharmaceutical plant and the countries in the 1960s, and more C and technical aid projects to Mbarah State Farm of Tanzania. than 70 countries in the 1970s. 67 countries in 1986. Of these. 98 The Malian plant wiped out its China's economic and technical are construction projects, and 101 deficits and made a profit of aid is either interest-free or given technical and management co• US$400,000 in one year. gratis. The Chinese government operative projects. Forty projects China sent 120.000 tons of relief maintains that aid is reciprocal — will be put into operation before grain to 31 African countries in if China provides aid to third the end of this year. 1985. Some 1,200 Chinese doctors ^ world countries, those countries In 1985, China provided 212 aid and nurses worked in 42 countries will eventually come to the programmes to 67 countries. and regions. support of China. Thirty-six were completed in the same year, such as the People's Workers in the Malian Pharmaceutical Plant built with Chinese aid. Parliament Hall in Cape Verde, the Friendship Stadium in Sen• egal, the chemical fertilizer plant in Bangladesh, the Malwanagama Farm in Sri Lanka, highways in Madagascar and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, the Political Institute in Somalia, a sugar refinery in Togo, and the Cantchungo Hospital in Guinea- Bi.5sau. The commission of these projects has helped to develop the national economy of the recipient countries and improve the people's life. .An economic and technical co• operation programme now under wpv ir. Mali. Sierra Leone, Niger;;; ar.(i .• dozen other countries has been fruitful. The programme includes labour co-operation, technical services, joint invest• ment and management and US Firms Successful in Xiamen production co-operation. Management-production co• our Sino-US joint ventures and j Xiamen in Fujian Province was operation yielded substantial F co-operative enterprises have declared one of China's four economic results at the Sierra gone into operation during the special economic zones six years Leone sugar refinery, the Malian past six years, since the city of j ago.

Notes From the Editors improving the management of reform, China has made it an state-owned shops, which should important principle to ensure a take the lead in setting prices at gradual improvement of the I Continued from p. 5.) reasonable levels. people's livelihood along with include strengthening market No doubt, a successful imple• economic development. China will management, curbing random mentation of these measures will adhere to this principle through• price hikes and unclogging help China consolidate the out the reform. Through this and channels of commodity circul- achievements in the reform, its other benefits, the reform has c.tion. In some big cities like accumulate its strength and create won the support of the people. Vicijmg where vegetable and favourable conditions for further• With the reform's initial foodstuff prices become unreason• ing the reform in the next two achievements and with the ably high, measures should be N'ears. people's support, China has no taken to counter the hikes by To prevent a drop in living reasons for retreat, only for opening new sources of goods, and standards because of the price advance.

28 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 11 The Xiamen Tobacco Factory, Services Co. of Hongkong, the million tons of coal, or about half a venture with the Reynolds exhibition will offer academic of China's coal export, to about 12 tobacco International Company seminars on modern port manage• countries and regions including of the US, has manufactured and ment and technology. Japan, Britain, France, Thailand sold filter-tip "Camel" cigarettes Exhibits will cover loading and Hongkong. worth US$10 million since its facilities, port construction and At the same time, its imports of inauguration in October 1980. communications equipment, investment and technology have The Xiamen Beverage Factory, navigation and technical also climbed to 80 items worth a jointly run with the Coca-Cola instruments. total of US$55.38 milHon. The Company turned out 27 million Sponsors of the exhibition say province exports commodities to bottles of Coca-Cola in the first they will use displays, models, 48 countries and regions on the year after going into production in photos and videotapes to provide five continents and has conducted October 1984 and earned a profit information on modern port business with 19 firms in seven of USS800,000. technology. countries. In addition, Shanxi has The Xiamen Pleasure Boat contracted two projects in Central Company produced jointly with Africa. the Celestial Yacht Company 32 Ship Orders yatchs for export and earned US$4.3 milhon in net profit. From Cuba A radar equipment co-operative Pacl

MARCH 17, 1986 29 IIE/SCIENCe

form that it spawned. Opera Opens Door To Tang Dynasty The liyuan piece performed recently by the Fujian actors for Beijing audiences was entitled Li erformers from the southeast• of the Tang Dynasty designated as Yaxian after its legendary main ern Province of Fujian recently the location for operas during his character, a call girl with the same visited Beijing, where they staged a reign. The orchard later became name, Li Yaxian. In the tale a Hyuan opera dating back to the the first national performing arts young scholar on his way to the fang Dynasty (618-907). The academy devoted to teaching capital to take an imperial liyuan, or , refers to an music, dance and opera, and later examination encounters Li Ya• orcha'-d that Emperor Xuan Zong became the namesake of the opera xian, and falls in love with her at first sight. Because the scholar refuses to leave Li Yaxian, he forgoes the chance to take the examination and takes up re• Swiss Dancers Delight Beijing sidence at the brothel where Li is in. Staying at the brothel the 'he artists of the Basel Ballet from Switzerland won acclaim scholar eventually loses all his "rom Beijing audiences with their natural and lively money to its owner. He is later entertainment in a relaxed manner, during their two performances driven out of the home and in Februar\ becomes a beggar, wandering La Fille Mai Gan/ee, a traditional ballet that has been stagefrod mb yplac e to place. Just as he is on many countries for about 200 years, impressed Chinese audiences the verge of death from hunger the most. It was about a pretty farm girl, Lise, who is in love with a and exposure, Li Yaxian finds farm boy. Colas, and marries him, instead of being the wife of him. Under her care and Alain, a rich man's son, against her mother's will. The Swiss encouragement, the young scholar dancers also presented such modern ballets as Transfigured Night, regains his health and later passes Concituio. Concerto Baroeeo and Cheese. the imperial examination and The audiences were enthralled not only by their flawless technique, but their emotional involvement and character creation as well. The 45-year-old choreographer and artistic director of the Scientists Discover troupe. Heinz Spoerli, said that he tried not to force one dancer to carry the load of an entire ballet. He maintained that the total Ancient Rift Valley peri'ormance was important, and movement was used to make a statement, not just to gain an effect. group of Chinese scientists A recently announced the discovery of a mineral-rich ancient rift valley around the city of Dukou (where Panzhihua is) and Xichang County, Sichuan Pro• vince. The scientists said that after more than 12 years of research, they could now give convincing evidences of the existence of a valley with reportedly dozens of large and medium-size mineral beds and several hundred small mineral beds and mineral spots in this complicated geological struc• ture, known as a rift valley. Rift valleys, which are of unique geological formations, always abound with mineral resources. In 1973, Cong Bolin and others of the Geology Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences first pointed out the probability of existence of a rift valley in China. Their claim was

^0 BEIJING REVIEW. NO. 11 that is pleasant and graceful, the bouncing up and down. The scene opera requires the actors to delve is always warmly applauded. into the inner worlds of the two In another memorable scene haracters through restrained after the scholar is forced to resort acting. As one opera-goer said, it to begging, four other beggars is not only the story that attracts perform lianhualuo, a comical large audiences, but the quality of dance with singing. The scene is a the acting and the humourous poignant one. Though the beggars dialogue. Though Li Yaxian has tremble from the cold, they sing, been adapted to other opera "It's good time to have some fun. forms, liyuan opera artists present The more I sing, the warmer I the opera in its unique style. With become." As they dance, they its combined singing and dancing, rhythmically flap their forearms at the opera is lively, upbeat and, their sides. Their performance, the because of the love between Li and mixture of poverty and destitution the scholar, it is also romantic. with joy and comedy, is effective in In ancient times, a certain ball- elucidating the scholar's plight kicking game was popular among and his character. the nobles. In the brothels, in So far 70 liyuan operas have The image of Li Yaxian in "Liyuan" opera. order to attract the wealthy and been recorded according to the powerful, the prostitutes were oral versions passed down from becomes an official, ending the encouraged to master the game. In generations of old artists. Their story on a happy and hopeful one scene in the opera, Li Yaxian, preservation has made for hours note. who became an adept kicker, of unique entertainment for This particular opera, which has expresses her love for the scholar audiences across the country, long been popular in Fujian by skillfully manipulating a ball. while also contributing to people s Province, also pleased its au• Her nimble movements nearly understanding of the nation's diences in Beijing. Set to music simulate a dance with the ball artistic past. first taken seriously in 1982 when Chinese medicine, and honorary Kuang's theory has led to the "Pan-Xi Rift 'Valley Form- chairman of Shanghai Internal effective prevention and treatment atfon and Evolution" was in• Secretion Research Institute, the for these troublesome diseases cluded in the academy's key three diseases can be linked to through traditional Chinese medi• research projects. The Geology weak kidneys, the chief culprit of cine and deep breathing exercise. Research Institute, with the aid of imbalanced hormone secretions. Many male patients regain a other departments, finished the The relation between inadequate hormone balance after their project in three years. kidney function and these diseases kidneys' function improved. In December 1985, an expert has been studied for hundreds of committee was formed to assess years in traditional Chinese the results of the project. In medicine. reviewing the survey's data, the Kuang said their discovery was committee attested to the validity based on the research conducted of the claim of the existence of the by an American physician who rift valley. discovered a casual relationship between male coronary heart disease and hormone changes. In Link Found Between his own research Kuang found that diabetes and morbid nodus Hormone, Diseases sinoatrialis syndrome in male patients were also connected with ypertension, diabetes and the rise in estrogen, the female H morbid nodus sinoatrialis hormone in a man, syndrome in men are closely connected to the change in male sex hormone and arise in female sex hormone. According to a group of Chinese scientists led by Kuang Ankun, a doctor of traditional

MARCH 17, 1986 31 A Foreigner's Guide to Investment in China

Foreign Investment in China: in China will want to know, first of does not require control over the Questions & Answers, published by all, whether their capital will be joint venture by the Chinese Foreign Languages Press, is a protected by law. In addition, they participants, and that it permits a valuable guide for foreigners, will also want to know whether larger contribution from overseas Chinese and compatriots they will be allowed to remit foreigners than from the Chinese. in Hongkong and Macao interes• profits back home, whether they The proportions of the shares are ted in investing in China. will be guaranteed workers and worked out through negotiation raw materials, and whether their Written by Chu Baotai, deputy and defined in the joint venture products will have ready markets. director of the Foreign Investment contract. The Chinese government In short, potential investors need Administration of the Ministry of encourages a majority foreign to know as much as possible about the Foreign Economic Relations share in those ventures including the investment climate in China, and Trade, the book, which has large investments, new tech• about the nation's policies and its been pubhshed in EngUsh and nologies brought in by the foreign methods of foreign investment. Chinese, contains answers to 103 participant, and the likelihood of These questions and many more questions that foreign investors growing expert staff. are answered in this book. may have about China. The Chinese side encourages Since opening to foreign trade, foreign investors to transfer more Absorbing foreign capital and China has adopted various new technology or to contribute importing advanced technology approaches to foreign investment. technology as part of the and equipment constitute an These forms now include joint investment. The Chinese govern• important part of China's open ventures; co-operative business ment, however, does not wish to policy and its modernization. operations; co-operative develop• see industrial property rights The open policy was first ment; co-operative construction; being dominated by the foreign carried out in four special co-operative production; enterpr• side. Contributing industrial pro• economic zones in Guangdong ises owned exclusively by foreign perty and technology as invest• and Fujian provinces. This was capital', compensatory trade; pro• ment must be in compliance with followed by the opening of 14 cessing materials supplied by the following standards. (1) coastal cities and Hainan Island to clients and the assemblage of parts Producing products that are badly the world. In 1985, the govern• and components supplied by needed in China or that are ment opened three more zones for them; leasing; debentures; and popular on the international the same purpose— the Yangtze loans. In this book each of these market; (2) Improving product River Delta, the Delta, approaches, particularly joint quality and raising productivity; and the Zhangzhou-Quanzhou- ventures, is explained in great (3) Economizing on raw materials Xiamen region in the southern detail. and energy. In general, foreign part of Fujian Province. In Chinese-foreign joint ventures investors are asked to provide addition, eight ports in Guan• first appeared in 1979 after the advanced technology and equip• gdong, Liaoning and Shandong publication of the Law of the ment, which, when combined with provinces were also opened last People's Republic of China on the advantages of the Chinese side, year. This year, the government Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures. will enable the joint venture to will open more ports, including Because many Chinese and compete on the international the one at Nanjing.. The point of foreigners are not familiar with the market. opening additional cities and ports joint venture and how it operates, The book also provides stat• is to encourage more foreign Chu Baotai's book eleborates on istics showing the growth and business people and overseas how to establish a joint venture, its trends of foreign investment in Chinese to invest in China. Apart organizational structure and man• China. From 1979 to 1984, the from opening these areas, the agement system, and the proce• total amount of foreign invest• government will also provide dure for having a joint venture ment in joint ventures, co• investors with an attractive proposal approved. operative business operations, investment environment and pre• Foreign Investment in China enterprises owned exclusively by ferential contract terms. points out that the Law of foreigners, and compensatory Those considering investment Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures trade reached US$10 billion.

32 BEUING REVIEW, NO. II There now are 3,000 joint ventures, co-operative business operations and exclusively foreign enterprises across China. The Europe Shakes Pingpong Throne businesses are in shipping, mining, transportation, energy resources development, machine building, he Asian men's table tennis examples. Their serves were hard electronics, nonferrous metal Tteam, led by China's world for the Chinese players to return. processing, textiles, foodstuffs, champion Jiang Jialiang and Grubba is good both at- quick medicine, automobiles, telecom• third-ranked national champion attack and precise placement. He munications equipment, building Chen Longcan, was buried by the can serve and return both materials, sleel, timber, chemicals, European team with two wins to forehand and backhand. His near- leather, animal feed, chemical six defeats in the first inter• perfect standing position — at the fertilizers, furniture, animal hus• continental table tennis tourna• miiddle of the table — makes it bandry, breeding, botany, tour• ment held in Italy and Holland on hard for others to pierce his ism, leasing and offshore oil January 7 and 9 this year. defence. Although he is not a drilling. The dramatic upset jolted oarticularly tricky server. Ap• Because China's open policy is a Chinese pingpong fans out of their pelgren has an exceptionally deft long-term basic state policy, complacency. Within table tennis wrist, which gives him unex• treatment of foreign investors will circles there was much concern pectedly accurate placement and grow increasingly favourable. In thpt the training of China's team attack. addition, the Chinese governmeni might be flawed and its world Ever since all the seven golds in is placing more emphasis on status compromised. the 36th World Table Tennis improving the infrastructure, Since table tennis has been Championship in 1981 were including electricity and water accepted as a sport for the 1988 bagged by China, the performance supply, telecommunications and Olympic Games, many countries of Chinese players became the highways in order to facilitate have begun to prepare their teams standard to which all others productive investment. It is seriously. In particular, European aspired. Many countries video• estimated that during the Seventh countries, such as Sweden and taped Chinese teams in action and Five-Year Plan period (1986-90), Poland, have encouraged their scrutinized every detail so as to the number of joint ventures in table tennis stars abroad to return work out a counter strategy. China will grow, and market home and join the national team. China's men's team, however, economic results will be Table tennis, once ignored more overlooked the aggressive chal• remarkable. or less by the Western press, often lenge from Europe, and slacked Chu Baotai is a veteran have become front page news off in their training and experi• economic administrator. Since the these days. During the inter• mentation with new techniques. inauguration of the open policy in continental tournament, box- World champion Jiang Jialiang, 1979, Chu has been in charge of office turnouts rose to a record for example, spent much of his overseeing foreign investment in high in pingpong history. time engaged in an endless string China, and has participated in the Viewing the sport globally, Asia of tournaments and social activ• nation's foreign investment policy and Europe have the best seeds. ities, and neglected his systematic research and its formulation of Excellent European players are training, to say nothing of the related laws and regulations. scattered among a dozen different pursuit of technique break• In the book, drawing on his vast countries while Asian seeds mostly throughs. Having been the world experience and knowledge of the come from China, North Korea, top team for more than 20 years, field, Chu answers questions on South Korea, Japan and Hong• China's table tennis circles became policies and technical details. kong. Although, generally speak• overly confident. Foreign Investment in China ing, Asia's players rank a cut China's men's team coach Xu includes the Law of the People's above Europe's, many of them Shaofa said he was surprised that Republic of China on Chinese- could not be picked for the Asian Europe caught up so rapidly. He Foreign Joint Ventures and the team due to a regulation limiting had thought China wouldn't have regulations for its implementation recruitment to two players from to fear a threat until the 39th or as two appendices. The book is each country. 40th World Table Tennis available in China for 10 yuan The major reason for the Asian Championship. (RMB) at foreign language, team's debacle was the progress China's team captain Li Furong bookstores, and can be purchased made by European men players pointed out if China wanted to from abroad by sending orders to after the 38th World Table Tennis maintain its dominance in next Post Office Box 399, Beijing. Championship in 1985. Andrzej year's 39th World Table Tennis by Baowen Grubba, Poland, and Mikael Championship, the team would Appelgren, Sweden, are two prime have to "get its act together."

M.\RCH 17. 1986 33 More on Reunification economic reform, and the pursuit disabled. A country should do of more profits. He was also right research in this matter and in emphasizing building cultural establish social security pro• I was very pleased with your civilization and combating cul• grammes. But, it is important to articles "Taiwan — Tugging at tural decadence. His description let them know the "pleasure of Chinese Heartstrings" and "For• of the appropriate relations life," and only through productive mula for China's reunification," between material and cultural labour can they learn what that in Beijing Review issue No.5. civilization was also informative pleasure is. There are more than 50 minority and well reasoned. nationalities on China's mainland, I hope you will pubhsh more and each of them maintains its I also liked the article articles on such welfare own traditions, customs and commemorating Zhou Enlai, in programmes. culture. They live happily in which readers were given details of Tadao Ichilani China's big family, and the historic events, and of Zhou's Toyonaka,Japan government shows them great leadership abilities in foreign concern. Their contentment shows affairs. Both the topic and the A Few Suggestions that the Chinese people are peace- content of this article were superlative. loving and have a broad vision of I believe your magazine should Heinz Gunther-Foerster the future. In my opinion, China's grab more readers' attention if you Biele Feld, F.R.G. mainland and Taiwan could be made some improvements. For reunified. I would like to congratulate example, you could add more A nation that is separated in Beijing Review on its issue No.l of colour photos. As for the content, two parts unable to contact each 1986. The special article comme• it would be good to publish more morating Zhou Enlai was other, as are the mainland and articles on current affairs. Reports inspiring. Taiwan, should reunite. on controversial issues are also Also, the exclusive interview Such a separation hinders the interesting and encourage your with was interesting. happiness of hundreds of millions readers to respond to your ideas, of people, and I sincerely wish it is It said just what I wanted. The you should issue your opinions changed. One country. two article in the "International" systems and mutual-prosperity is column about Afghanistan and without censorship and thereby possible. As a reader of Beijing the travelogue "Sunshine and add life to your articles and any Review and a friend of China, I Shadows" only added to issue ensuing debate on their contents. hope the reunification of your No.l's appeal. I hope all future This is the principle of democratic country will soon be realized. This issues of Beijing Review will be as discussion, of which I am sure you reunion will depend on the remarkable as this one. are capable. Chinese people's intelligence and Rainer Seidelmann You could also try to popularize wisdom as well as on that of other Dusseldorf, F.R.G. your magazine with advertise• peace-loving people. ments. In addition, you should Eiji Watanabe send one or two copies of every Tochigi, Japan Social Participation for the issue to the largest libraries in the Disabled world. You probably do not know there is no Beijing Review in all the Applause for Issue No.l After reading "Welfare Benefits libraries of Tunisia. Finally, you 100 Million Needy" in issue No. 5, should ask for more criticism and The inside back cover of Beijing I realized a major difference advice from your readers, so as to Review issue No. 1, 1986, was nice; between China and Japan. improve the magazine. it brought out the true features of In Japan, we consider the social El Fani Mohumed traditional Chinese painting. security of disabled people but Sousse, Tunisia Also, Duan Liancheng's south ignore their need to participate in China travelogue was very social life. Your country pays interesting, and his vivid descrip• attention to this need by finding tions well depicted the daily lives suitable jobs for the disabled of the Chinese people. people and by letting them From the article, readers are led discover their abilities. It is to believe that since correcting important for disabled people to ultra-left policies, the Chinese participate in social life, and your people have become happier. The country, by allowing them to do author did not, however, forget to so, is extraordinary. criticize the criminal acts that have It is necessary to provide accompanied the open policy. satisfactory social security for the

34 BEIJING REVIEW. NO. 1! A Street.

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