Strategija Za Rekonstrukciju I Rehabilitaciju Podsistema Nadela

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Strategija Za Rekonstrukciju I Rehabilitaciju Podsistema Nadela Opština Pančevo, 13. juni 2008. godine STRATEGIJA ZA "REKONTRUKCIJU I REHABILITACIJU REGIONALNOG PODSISTEMA NADELA" Profesor dr Božo Dalmacija Docent dr Milena Bečelić Asietend mr Dejan Krčmar Prirodno-matematički fakultet Novi Sad Trenutno stanje Regionalnog podsistema Nadela ! 6 Stanje na terenu je takvo da usled koncentracije zagađivača na sektoru dužine oko 30 km od ustave Skrobare do ustave kod Ivanova dolazi do izrazitog narušavanja kvaliteta voda. 6 Otppjadne vode naselja se direktno ili indirektno is pjpuštaju u kanal ''Nadela''. 6 Sa aspekta mogućnosti izmuljivanja sedimenta, ne preporučuje se izmu ljivan je sediment a kdkod ustava Ivanovo i Jabuka zbog ozbiljnog nivoa zagađenja cinkom, bakrom i kadmijumom. REKONTRUKCIJU I REHABILITACIJU REGIONALNOG PODSISTEMA NADELA (RPN) I FAZA Izgradanja postrojenja za prečišćavanje Kontrola difuznih otpadnih voda koncentrisanih izvora zagađenja zagađivača koje se upuštaju u Nadelu II FAZA Izmuljivanje toksičnog sedimenta i izgradnja Remedijacija deponija za njegovo kontrolisano odlaganje sedimenta III FAZA Rekonstrukcija RPN, koja podrazumeva remont ustava, mostova, nasipa, propusta , izgrdnja cevovoda i kanala za dodatno osvežavanje vode iz drugih vodotoka GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ REGIONALNOG PODSISTEMA NADELA 6 Regionalni podsistem „Nadela“ (RPN) nalazi se na prostoru koji je ograničen sa zapada rekom Tamiš, sa istoka Delibl a ts kom peščarom, jžjužnu graniiici čiiini reka Dunav a sa severa granica je magistralni kanal Hs DTD-„Novi Bečej- Banatska Palanka“. 6 Gradnja RPN započela je 1976. godine, i izvedena je u tri etapa, koje su se sastojale od više faza, a bile su uslovljene zahtevima i potrebama za hidrotehničkim uređenjem područja na kome se RPN nalazi. Idejnim hidrotehničkim rešenjima razmatrane su varijante da snabdevanje vodom RPN bude sa tri strane. 6 Don ji bjef da se snabdeva iz Dunava, 6 Srednji iz Tamiša, 6 Gornji iz Hs DTD. 6 Kao krajnje rešenje usvojeno je snabdevanje vodom samo iz Hs DTD. Do sada su realizovane dve faze izgradnje RPN. I-faza je omogućavala snabdevanje vodom RPN sa 2,5 m³/s, a II-fazom je omogućeno snabdevanje vodom sa 5 mm/s.³/s. Sledeća faza predviđa mogućnost snabdevanja sa 10 m³/s, a krajnja faza trebala bi da omogući snabdevanje vodom od 20 m³/s. 6 Tranutno duž trase RPN imamo izgrađene objekte koji omogućavaju protok od 5 pa do 20 m³/s. OSNOVNA NAMENA REGIONALNOG PODISTEMA NADELA Osnovna namena Regionalnog podsistema Nadale je da: 6 da omogući efikasno odvodnjavanje poljoprivrednog i ostalog zemljišta 6 da omogući prihvatanje atmosferskih i podzemnih voda iz naseljenih mesta 6 obezbedi mogućnost snabdevanja poljoprivrede vodom za navodnjavanje 6 obezbedi snabdevanje vodom industrijskih postrojenja 6 prihvati prečišćene otpadne vode industrijskih postrojenja i naselja 6 omogući rekreaciju i bavljenje sportom, kao i učini prostor na kom se nalazi lepšim 6 Snabdevanje vodom šećerane " Jedinstvo" iz Kovačice u periodu prerade šećerne repe 6 Zaštita priobalja Nadele od negativnog uticaja uspora HE " Đerdap" 6 Snabdevanje vodom iz r.Dunav, kod sela Ivanova, za potrebe navodnjavanja POSTOJEĆE STANJE 6 Donji deo RPN, pod kojim se smatra deonica koja je nastala pretvaranjem prirodnog korita rake Nadele, u regulisani kanal, proteže se od pregrade na km 2+600 do Glavne ustave „Skrobara“ na km 30+567. Na ovoj deonici RPN je zadržao osnovne odlike ravničarskog vodotoka. 6 Kanalisanim delom podsistema, smatra se deo od km 30+567 pa sve do vodozahvata na km 81+440. On je izgrađen kopanjem kanala, i izgradnjom ustava na njemu radi obezbeđivanja osnovne namene te deonice, a to je snabdevanje vodom za navodnjavanje i za potrebe Šećerane, kao i ostalih predviđenih namena. Na ovom delu su radovi na redovnom održavanju koji se redovno sprovode, puno efikasniji pa je funkcionalno stanje regionalnog podsistema znatno bolje. ZAGAĐIVAČI REGIONALNOG PODSISTEMA NADELA 6 Stanje na terenu je takvo da usled koncentracije zagađivača na sektoru dužine oko 30 km od ustave "Skrobare" do ustave kod Ivanova dolazi do izrazitog narušavanja kvaliteta voda. 6 Na ovom vodotoku postoji veliki broj zagađivača (tačkastih) od kojih su najznačajniji Industrija Skroba ''Jabuka'', ATP "Pančevo", Mlekara "Pančevo", PIK Tamiš, Gradska zona Pančevo i Farma svinja "Stari Tamiš". 6 Pored ovih zagađivača značajno je i difuzno zagađenje sa poiljoprivrednih površina i nerešeno deponovanje sadržaja septičkih jama koji se u najveće broju slučaje istresa (završava) u melirac ione kana le RPN. Raspored zagađivača u Industrijskoj zoni Pančeva i u prigradskim naseljima Uticaj ratarske proizvodnje (difuzni izvori) PROGRAM MONITORINGA KVALITETA VODE I SEDIMENTA U KANALU »NADELA« Ustava “KOVAČICA” Ustava “DEBELJAČA Ustava “SKROBARA” Sadržaj rastvorenog kiseonika Maj Rastvoreni kiseonik 10 Oktobar MAJ 8 6 PšikPovršinska voda kdkod UtUstave /l 2 6 Skrobara se ne može svrstati mg O niti u jjggednu klasu zbog niskog 4 sadržaja rastvorenog 2 kiseonika. 0 6 Voda kod ustava Debeljača i Kovin anovo Crepaja Iv Skrobara Debeljaca Beli narcis Beli narcis spada u IV klasu, a kod ustave Crepaja u III klasu. OKTOBAR Voda kod ustava Kovin i 6 IV klasa prema Uredbi o klasifikaciji Ivanovo spada u I klasu. voda na svim ispitivanim profilima. Sadržajjg organskih materij a u vodi HPK - Maj Maj 90 Mineralna ulja BPK - Maj 80 Oktobar 5 80 HPK - Oktobar 70 70 BPK - Oktobar 5 60 60 I/II klasa /l 2 50 50 mg O µg/l 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 a n a is n j i c cis ovi ar epaj eljaca repa Kov eljaca r robara nar K anovo b krobara li n vanovo C li Iv C e I eb Sk De S D Be B 6 Prema Pravilniku o opasnim materijama u vodama, voda kod Ustave Debeljača i nizvodno od Ivanova se svrstava u III/IV klasu jer premašuje maksimalno dozvoljenu koncentraciju za I/II klasu od 50 μg/l. 6 Organske materije – prema vrednosti BPK5 voda je van klase prema Ure dbi o klasifik aciji voda na svim ispiti vani m profilima. Sadržajj( metala u vodi (μgg)/l) Ustava Debeljača 50 Ustava Crepaja 45 Ust ava Jabuka 40 35 Ustava Beli narcis 30 Ustava Kovin 25 g/l Ustava Ivanovo μ 20 15 10 5 0 Ni Pb Cd Zn Cr Cu I/II klasa prema sadržaju svih metala u oba perioda, osim u maju u slučaju: 6 kadmijuma 6 kod ustave Skrobara (()Jabuka) (()III/IV) 6 kod ustave Crepaja - van opsega definisanog našim Pravilnikom 6 žive jer je u površinskoj vodi kod ustave Kovin, detektovan sadržaj žive koji premašuje 2,1 puta maksimalno dozvoljenu koncentraciju od 1 μg/l koja je propisana za I/II i III/IV klasu. Kvalitet sedimenta u Nadeli 6 Parametri kvaliteta: 6 Nutrijenti 6 Teški metali 6 Organske materije (HPK, BPK5, mineralna ulja) 6 Za sediment su korišćene kanadske preporuke. 6 Niža vrednost (ISQGs) - privremena preporuka - iznad kojih je moguć uticaj na akvatične organizme. 6 Viša vrednost (PEL) - iznad koje je empirijski verovatan uticaj. 6 Kanadske preporuke nisu definisane za nikal. Njegova koncentracija je poređena sa holandskim preporukama. SADRŽAJ NUTRIJENATA U SEDIMENTU Amonijak 20000 Nitrati i nitriti Organski azot 18000 Ukupni azot Ukupni fosfor 16000 14000 mg/kg 4000 2000 0 in o aja ep narcis Kov anov Cr krobara Iv S Debeljaca Beli SADRŽAJ ORGANSKIH MATERIJA U SEDIMENTU 500 400 HPK /kg 300 2 g O BPK m 200 5 100 0 Debeljaca Crepaja Skrobara 160 Beli narcis 140 120 Mineralna ulja Korigovana mineralna ulja Kovin 100 mg/kg80 Ivanovo 60 40 20 0 Debeljaca Crepaja Skrobara Ciljna vrednost Beli narcis 50 mg/kg Kovin Ivanovo Sadržaj m et al a u sed ime ntu p ri viso k om v odost aju Ustava Debeljaca 650 17.2 Ustava Creppjaja 640 Ustava Jabuka 17.0 Ustava Beli narcis 630 Ustava Kovin kg kg Ustava Ivanovo // 620 // 16. 8 mg mg 5 200 4 3 100 2 1 0 0 Ni Pb Zn Cr Cu Cd Hg 6 Potencijalni problemi: Zn (Skrobara), Cu (Skrobara, Beli narcis), Pb (Skrobara, Beli narcis, Ivanovo), Hg (Debeljača, Crepaja, Kovin) 6 Ozbiljno zagađenje: Zn (Ivanovo), Cu (Ivanovo), Cd (Crepaja, Skrobara, Beli narcis, Kovin), Hg (Skrobara, Beli narcis, Kovin) Koncentracije metala u sedimentu iznad preporečenih vrednosti pri visokom vodostaju Ni Pb Cd Zn Cr Cu Hg Mesto uzorkovanja mggg/kg Ustava Debeljača 37 26 2,9 36 10 21 0,25 Ustava Crepaja 41 29 4,3 39 17 26 0,24 Ustava Jabuka 49 73 17 145 29 85 0,69 Ustava Beli narcis 44 38 4,7 92 12 41 0,54 Ustava Kovin 35 24 353,5 54 20 31 0170,17 Ustava Ivanovo 38 57 < 1,3 644 23 285 0,84 SdžjS h di t i ik d tj ad rž aj h roma 100 u 90 Empirijska se vrednost 80 (90 mg/kg) di 70 men 60 50 t mg/kg u 40 pr 30 i ni 20 Cr sk 10 om 0 vo dos Sredina kanala - površinski sloj Teorijska ta vrednost (37,3 mg/kg) ju Sredina kanala - srednji sloj Ivanovo Beli narcis Sredina kanala - dubinski sloj Skrobara Leva obala Desna obala 500 m uzvodno Sadržaj nikla u sedimentu 220 215 210 Holandska interventna g k 205 vrednost (210 mg/kg) mg/ 200 100 Ni 50 0 Sredina kanala - površinski sloj Sredina kanala - srednji sloj Ivanovo Sredina kanala - dubinski sloj Beli narcis Sk b ro b Leva obala ara Desna obala Holandska "ciljna" vrednost (35 mg/kg) 500 m uzvodno Sadržaj bakra u sedimentu 200 EiijkE mp vrednost (197 mg/kg) 190 ir g ij sk a mg/k 80 60 Cu 40 20 0 Sredina kanala - površinski sloj Teorijska vrednost Sredina kanala - srednji sloj Ivanovo Beli narcis ((gg) Sredina kanala - dubinski sloj 35,7 m Skrobara g /k Leva obala g) Desna obala 500 m uzvodno Sadržaj cinka u sedimentu 940 920 900 mg/kg 400 300 Empirijska vrednost (315 mg/kg) 200 Zn 100 0 Sredina kanala - površinski sloj Ivanovo Beli narcis Teorijska Skrobara Sredina kanala - srednji sloj vrednost (123 mg/kg) Sredina kanala - dubinski sloj Leva obala Desna obala 500 m uzvodno Sadržaj kadmijuma u sedimentu 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 Empirijska 3.2 vrednost (3,5 mg/kg) 3.0 mg/kg 0.6 0.5 0.4 030 .
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