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CBD Fifth National Report

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CBD Fifth National Report CONTENT ABBREVIATIONS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1. BIODIVERSITY IN SERBIA – STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS; SIGNIFICANCE OF BIODIVERSITY FOR HUMAN WELL-BEING 14 1.1. Abiotic and biotic factors of biodiversity in Serbia 14 1.2. Diversity of ecosystems in Serbia 15 1.3. Threats and pressures exerted on biodiversity in sensitive ecosystems 18 1.3.1. Pressures on biodiversity - examples 22 1.4. Protected areas 28 1.4.1. National protected areas 29 1.4.2. Areas of international importance for the conservation of biodiversity 34 1.5. Protected species 36 1.5.1. Diversity of macromycetes in Serbia 41 1.6. Overview of studies and data on ecosystem services in Serbia 43 1.7. Natural resource systems and well-being of people in Serbia 48 1.7.1. Agricultural land in Serbia 49 1.7.2. Allocation of agricultural land 50 1.7.3. National agroecological program 53 1.7.5. Fish resources in Serbia 55 1.7.6. Forest ecosystems 57 1.7.7. Ecosystem services – forest ecosystems 60 1.7.8. Collection of wild species from nature 63 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR BIODIVERSITY WITH AN ACTION PLAN AND THE INCLUSION OF BIODIVERSITY INTO OTHER SECTORS 70 2.1. The Strategy for biodiversity of the Republic of Serbia with the Action plan for the period from 2011 to 2018 70 2.2. Strategic goals of biodiversity 71 2.3. Review of the Strategy of biodiversity in Serbia 74 2.4. Activities taken at the national level regarding implementation of the Convention on Biodiversity, after submission of the Fourth national report (2011-2014) 75 2.4.1. Institutional frame of the environmental sector during the period from 2011 to 2014 75 THE FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY 1 2.4.2. Improvement of the strategic and legal framework which relates to environmental protection and the protection of nature, during the period from 2011 to 2014 75 2.5. Inclusion of biodiversity goals into other sectors, sectoral policies and spatial planning as intersectoral activity 78 2.6. Synergy with other conventions / regional initiatives 89 2.7. The evaluation of progress in the implementation of the Strategy for Biodiversity of the Republic of Serbia and the Action plan for the period from 2011 to 2018 – planned and realized activities / challenges met in the realization 93 3. PROGRESS IN RELATION TO AICHI GOALS 2020 AND CONTRIBUTION TO RELEVANT MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2015 106 3.1. Degree of harmonization of national goals with Aichi goals 106 3.2. Contribution to the implementation of the Convention on Biodiversity And goals of biodiversity in the realization of Millennium development goals 2015 – analysis of activities performed in relation to the Millennium development goals 110 National biodiversity targets http://www.cbd.int/countries/targets/?country=rs 119 THE FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY 2 ABBREVIATIONS BDEA Biodiversity Enabling Activities Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and CARDS Stabilization – European Union financial support for West Balkans CBD Convention on Biological Diversity COP Conference of Parties CORINE Coordination of Information on the Environment ECNC European Center for Nature Conservation EEA European Environmental Agency ES Ecosystem Services ESP Ecosystem Services Partnership EUNIS European Nature Information System GEF Global Environment Fund EWEA European Wind Energy Association GEF Global Environment Facility GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH IBA Important Bird Area IPA Important Plant Area IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LBAP Local Biodiversity Action Plan MAB “Man and Biosphere” MAES Mapping and Assessing of Ecosystem Services NAPS Association of National Parks and Protected Areas of Serbia NGO Non-governmental organization NP National park ОECD The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PA Protected Area PA BAT Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool PBA Prime Butterfly Areas REC Regional Environmental Center SCI Sites of Community Importance SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SEE South-Eastern Europe SESP Serbian Ecosystem Services Partnership SNR Special Nature Reserve SPA Special Protection Area UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WTP Willingness To Pay THE FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY General notes The fifth national report to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity has been prepared within the project “ National Biodiversity Planning to Support the implementation of the CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in the Republic of Serbia”, which is financed by the Global Environment Facility(GEF) and implemented in partnership with the UNDP and the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection. The process of data collection and organization of meetings with the stakeholders for the purpose of elaboration of the report was by the Institute for Nature Conservation of the Republic of Serbia. The data presented in the report primarily relate to the period from 2011‒2013, unless otherwise stated. The report comprises the following parts: 1. BIODIVERSITY IN SERBIA – STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS; SIGNIFICANCE OF BIODIVERSITY FOR THE HUMAN WELL-BEING 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN AND INTEGRATION OF BIODIVERSITY INTO OTHER SECTORS 3. PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 2015 AND 2020 AICHI TARGETS AND CONTRIBUTION TO THE RELEVANT 2015 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PART I Serbia, as one of the countries in the region of Central and East Europe, within the UN system, covers an area of 88,461 km2, which represents about 2% of the European continent. Serbia, with its rich natural and cultural heritage, represents one of important centres of biological and geological diversity in Europe, where almost all zonal types of climate, land and biomes of Europe alternate. Eight basic types of habitats have been identified in Serbia, according to the EUNIS habitat classification. The diversity of the ecosystems in Serbia is reflected in the diversity and specific character of vegetation: 1,339 associations and 59 vegetation classes have been registered in the territory of Serbia. The most important centres of ecosystem diversity in Serbia with a large number of endemic, relict and endemic-relict communities are: high mountain regions (Kopaonik, Tara, Šarplanina, Prokletije, Stara planina and Suva planina), sand and steppe habitats (Deliblato and Subotica-Horgoš sands and mosaic salty areas in Banat and Bačka, in Vojvodina) and refugial areas (the Đerdap gorge, the canyon of the Drina River, the Sićevaćka gorge, the valley of the Pčinja River). Ten basic types of zonal ecosystems are present in Serbia, of which continental aquatic ecosystems, specific isolated continental (terrain) ecosystems, and continental naturally unstable ecosystems influenced by natural and induced successions, forest climate-genetic ecosystems, subterranean ecosystems, are especially sensitive to endangering factors. THE FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY 4 The pressures which have been influencing the biodiversity in Serbia during the last 3-4 years are: fires in protected areas which have impacted forest ecosystems and led to changes in biogeocenotic balance; influence of agricultural production – exaggerated application of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, uncontrolled drainage of liquid manure from cattle farms, land management in steppe and salty water habitats and diffuse pollution on agricultural fields; construction of hydro electric power plants; intensive exploitation of sand and gravel from the river bed, which changes its morphologic and hydrologic characteristics, causes destruction of the flooding zone vegetation, decreases shores stability and increases risk from flooding during periods of high water levels; regulation of rivers and flood prevention measures, due to interruption of connections between rivers and flooding areas along river beds and drainage of these areas; the protection of agricultural land from internal waters, as well as drainage of wet meadows and pastures with the aim of increasing the surface of arable land, which endangers natural habitats that represent a priority for protection, as well as the species connected to them. The protection of biodiversity in Serbia is realized through the implementation of measures for the protection and improvement of species, their populations, natural habitats and ecosystems and it has been regulated by the Law on Nature Conservation (“The Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, No. 36/2009, 88/2010 and 91/2010-correction), as the framework law. The number of protected areas in Serbia is 474. The total protected surface is 531,279 hectares, which represents 6% of the total territory of the country. According to the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia (“The Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, No. 88/10) by 2015, about 10% of the Serbian territory should be protected, i.e. 12% by 2021. In relation to the data presented in the Fourth National Report, the number of the protected areas has increased (11 new areas have been designated in the period since 2011), as well as the total protected surface in the percentage of 0.14%. There are additional 117 areas in the protection procedure, which represents a surface of 2.28% of the territory of Serbia. Figure I - Protected areas and
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