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Enhancing Cooperation Between Business Communities of Serbia and Kosovo Report and Recommendations

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Enhancing Cooperation Between Business Communities of Serbia and Kosovo Report and Recommendations 1 2020 FORUM ZA ETNIČKE ODNOSE FORUM FOR ETHNIC RELATIONS ENHANCING COOPERATION BETWEEN BUSINESS COMMUNITIES OF SERBIA AND KOSOVO REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ENHANCING COOPERATION BETWEEN BUSINESS COMMUNITIES OF SERBIA AND KOSOVO REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROJECT: BRINGING THE EU-FACILITATED DIALOGUE CLOSER TO THE BUSINESS SECTORS IN SERBIA AND KOSOVO Belgrade – Prishtina, October 2020 ENHANCING COOPERATION BETWEEN BUSINESS COMMUNITIES OF SERBIA AND KOSOVO REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS Belgrade – Prishtina, October 2020 Kraljice Natalije 45/VII 11000 Belgrade, Serbia +381 11 36 20 781 [email protected] • www.fer.org.rs FORUM CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Year 10, Issue nr. 1 Народна библиотека Србије, Београд Publisher 323.1 Forum za etničke odnose, Beograd Editor in chief FORUM : the magazine of FER / editor in Dušan Janjić, PhD chief Nenad Đurđević. - Year 1, iss. 1 Editor (2002)-year 2, iss. 4 (2003) ; 2013, no. 1- Nenad Đurđević . - Belgrade : Forum for Ethnic Relations, Translation 2002-2003; 2013- (Belgrade : Dosije studio). Vijuga - 30 cm Proofreading Povremeno. - Ima izdanje na drugom jeziku: Paul Murray Forum (Forum za etničke odnose) = ISSN Prepress 2335-0490 Atelje, Beograd ISSN 1451-6357 = Forum - Forum for Ethnic Printing Relations Dosije studio, Beograd COBISS.SR-ID 25690639 Published periodically Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................5 Introduction .....................................................................................7 PART I The context and challenges of economic cooperation between Kosovo and Serbia ..........................................9 PART II Socio-economic profile – Serbia ...................................................... 11 Macroeconomic context ........................................................................12 Business environment ............................................................................13 Sectoral structure of Serbian economy ...............................................13 Connectivity and infrastructure ............................................................14 Social context.......................................................................................... 15 PART III Socio-economic profile – Kosovo .................................................... 17 Macroeconomic context ........................................................................ 17 Business environment ............................................................................19 Sectoral structure of Kosovo’s economy .............................................20 Connectivity and infrastructure ............................................................ 21 Social context..........................................................................................22 PART IV Interdependence of the EU accession process and normalization of Serbia-Kosovo relations ................................27 PART V Regional dynamics and context ......................................................33 PART VI Regional cooperation .....................................................................37 Implementation status - achievements and limitations ....................42 Understanding the implementation challenges ................................. 45 PART VII Recommendations ..........................................................................47 Recommendations related to regional cooperation .......................... 48 Priority measures .............................................................................................48 Technical and operational measures within the CEFTA agreement ......49 Technical and operational measures within the Berlin Process ............. 50 Other measures ............................................................................................... 50 Recommendations related to the normalization of Serbia-Kosovo relations ............................................50 Priority measures ..............................................................................................51 Technical and operational measures ........................................................... 52 Recommendations aimed particularly at Kosovo ................................54 Recommendations aimed particularly at Serbia ..................................54 Acronyms and abbreviations AEO Authorised Economic Operator GDP Gross Domestic Product CEFTA Central European Free Trade Agreement EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EMS Serbian Electricity Transmission, System and Market Operator KOSTT Kosovo Electricity Transmission, System and Market Operator EU European Union EUR Euro INDEP Institute for Development Policy KAS Kosovo Agency of Statistics MAP-REA Multi Annual Action Plan for Regional Economic Area IMF International Monetary Fund NBS National Bank of Serbia NPAA National Programme for the Adoption of the acquis NPISAA National Programme for Implementation of the SAA KCC Kosovo Chamber of Commerce CCIS Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia REA Regional Economic Area RCC Regional Cooperation Council RIRA Regional Investment Reform Agenda SORS Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia RYCO Regional Youth Cooperation Office FDI Foreign Direct Investments SAA Stabilization and Association Agreement UN United Nations UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo 5 6 FORUM • Policy Paper • 1/2020 USD US dollar WB6 Western Balkans 6 WB6 CIF Western Balkans 6 Chambers Investment Forum Introduction This Report is a result of the work on the Project: Bringing the EU-Facilitat- ed Dialogue Closer to the Business Sectors in Serbia and Kosovo, implemented by the Forum for Ethnic Relations, in cooperation with the Chamber of Com- merce and Industry of Serbia, Kosovo Chamber of Commerce and the Insti- tute for Development Policy. Within the project, a multidisciplinary research research on knowledge and awareness of the business community concern- ing the EU-facilitated dialogue was conducted in Serbia and Kosovo during 2019/2020. Findings of the research were used for this report too. A report on the research is available on the website of the Forum for Ethnic Relations (www.fer.org.rs). This Report examines the key challenges that hinder the normalization of relations between Belgrade and Prishtina, as well as the opportunities and possibilities that can be used through stronger cooperation between business communities and evaluation of regional initiatives as a possible framework for encouraging normalization. A broader socio-economic context is observed, in which the cooperation between business people and communities is achieved, with a special focus on the process of advancing the normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo under the auspices of the EU (Brussels dialogue), the process of integration of Serbia and Kosovo into the EU, and opportuni- ties offered by regional initiatives. The Brussels dialogue and regional initia- tives serve as an explicit framework through which the effectiveness of various measures with significant impacts on the political and economic conditions of these economies is observed. Based on the analysis of the accomplishments so far reached in the process of normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo and challenges that stand in the way of a more intensive development of their mutual economic cooperation, it is argued that previous efforts have not contributed significantly to the political, economic and social stability of these economies; which is the 7 8 FORUM • Policy Paper • 1/2020 fundamental goal and value of European integration policy. Accordingly, it is proposed to consider and affirm modalities for accelerating the overall eco- nomic and trade cooperation in with the purpose of: • Lifting barriers that hinder cooperation between business commu- nities, and hinder the normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo and the development of sustainable economic relations; • Improving communication between business people and relevant na- tional institutions regarding the facilitation of trade flows between businesses and communities; • Enhancing the business environment and cooperation between busi- nesses and communities in Serbia and Kosovo in the framework of achievements and potentials of the EU-facilitated dialogue on the nor- malization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo. This Report is intended for competent institutions (governments, local authorities, international organizations), international business associations, experts and the wider public. Project manager: Dr Dušan Janjić. This Report has been prepared by: Dr Dušan Janjić and Burim Ejupi. Researchers: Dardan Abazi, Katarina Antić, Dina Kandić, Dr Dušan Lopandić, Dr Nada Raduški and Dr Danilo Šuković. Reviewers team: Miomir Brkić and Nenad Đurđević. CCIS associates Bojan Stanić and Aleksandar Radovanović, as well as Dr Alban Hashani, Riinvest Institute’s Executive Director who made a signifi- cant contribution to the improvement of the Report with additional research and comments. As used in this Report, the following terms shall have the following meanings: • “Kosovo” – as defined by Brussels Agreement: Designation, i.e. without prejudice to status and is in line with the UN Security Council Resolu- tion 1244 and the Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence. • “North Kosovo” - a region located north of the Ibar River, composed of four Serb-majority municipalities: Zubin Potok,
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