DOCSLIB.ORG

S U Personics + Clim a Te

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S U Personics + Clim a Te MOON LANDING 36 HYPERSONICS 14 SPACE ECONOMY 30 What Apollo can teach Artemis Predicting overheating A new role for space-faring governments ICS + ON CL RS IM E A P T U E S Mach 1 passenger jets could exacerbate aviation’s carbon footprint. The search for solutions is underway. PAGE 22 REPORTER’S PICKS PAGE 18 Your IAC preview OCTOBER 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org SECURE YOUR AIAA CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP TODAY! Take advantage of being a Corporate Member: › Industry recognition › Transformative conversations › Automatically elevate your staff to AIAA Senior Members › Annual forum registration allotment and discounted registrations › Recruit students and young professionals at Meet the Employer events › Plus so much more! LEARN MORE: aiaa.org/corporatemembership CONTACT US TO TODAY TO LEARN WHAT AIAA CAN DO FOR YOU! Chris Semon • Vickie Singer • Paul doCarmo 703.264.7510 | [email protected] FEATURES | October 2019 MORE AT aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org 18 30 36 22 IAC preview Seismic shift in Apollo’s lessons satellite market for Artemis Supersonic transports Our staff reporter describes the Space-faring Experience gleaned International and climate change governments are during the 20th- Astronautical taking a new role century moon program The industry has creative ideas for Congress events she in the satellite can help sustain addressing the warming infl uence of doesn’t want to miss. market as startups today’s momentum proposed Mach 1 passenger jets. and established toward a 2024 lunar By Cat Hofacker companies vie for landing. By Adam Hadhazy investors. By John M. Logsdon By Debra Werner On the cover: Photo illustration aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org | OCTOBER 2019 | 1 RENO, NEVADA 15–19 June 2020 | Reno-Sparks Convention Center CALL FOR PAPERS The AIAA AVIATION Forum is the only global event that covers the entire integrated spectrum of aviation business, research, development, and technology. AIAA IS SOLICITING PAPERS FOR THE 2020 FORUM IN THE FOLLOWING TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES: › Aeroacoustics › General Aviation › Aerospace Traffic Management › Meshing, Visualization, and › Aircraft Design Computational Environments › Air Traffic Operations, Management, › Modeling and Simulation and Systems Technologies › Applied Aerodynamics › Multidisciplinary Design Optimization › Atmospheric and Space › Plasmadynamics and Lasers Environments › Theoretical Fluid Mechanics › Computer Systems › Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing › Flow Control (V/STOL) Aircraft Systems › Fluid Dynamics › And many more! Submit an abstract by 7 November 2019 aiaa.org/aviation/cfp IN THIS ISSUE AEROSPACE★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ AMERICA OCTOBER 2019, VOL. 57, NO. 9 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Keith Button Ben Iannotta Keith has written for C4ISR Journal and Hedge Fund Alert, where he broke [email protected] news of the 2007 Bear Stearns scandal that kicked off the global credit crisis. ASSOCIATE EDITOR PAGE 14 Karen Small [email protected] STAFF REPORTER Cat Hofacker [email protected] Adam Hadhazy EDITOR, AIAA BULLETIN Christine Williams Adam reports on astrophysics and technology. His work has appeared in Discover and New Scientist magazines. [email protected] PAGE 22 EDITOR EMERITUS Jerry Grey CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Keith Button, Adam Hadhazy, John M. Logsdon Robert van der Linden, John M. Logsdon, Debra Werner, John is professor emeritus at George Washington University and has written Frank H. Winter books on the space policies of U.S. Presidents Kennedy, Nixon and Reagan. He founded GW’s Space Policy Institute in 1987 and directed it until 2008. John Langford AIAA PRESIDENT He is editor of “The Penguin Book of Outer Space Exploration.” Daniel L. Dumbacher PUBLISHER PAGE 36 Rodger S. Williams DEPUTY PUBLISHER ADVERTISING [email protected] Debra Werner ART DIRECTION AND DESIGN A frequent contributor to Aerospace America, Debra is also a West Coast THOR Design Studio | thor.design correspondent for Space News. PAGES 30, 64 MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION Association Vision | associationvision.com LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE Ben Iannotta, [email protected] DEPARTMENTS 4 Editor’s Notebook 8 9 7 Flight Path AeroPuzzler Aerospace in Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly How fast can a lightsail go? action except in August by the American Institute of Aeronautics An 11-kilogram cubesat and Astronautics, Inc., at 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 41 AIAA Bulletin gives scientists views inside 200 Reston, VA 20191-5807 [703-264-7500]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; 59 Career Opportunities foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send 10 14 address changes and subscription orders to Aerospace 62 Looking Back America, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Q&A Engineering at 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA, 20191-5807, United Launch Alliance Notebook Attn: A.I.A.A. Customer Service. Periodical postage 64 Trajectories CEO Tory Bruno paid at Reston, Virginia, and at additional mailing Predicting overheating offi ces. Copyright 2019 by the American Institute of at hypersonic speeds Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce. 62 64 Looking Back Trajectories From 1969: Three Soviet AeroVironment electrical spacecraft in orbit at the engineer Michael Seitz same time aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org | OCTOBER 2019 | 3 EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK SPACE ECONOMY Deep space could jolt how we see ourselves egistrations for the tours of NOAA’s National Center for Weather and Climate Prediction tied to The Earth’s limb this month’s International Astronautical Congress were fi lled to capacity by mid-September, from the International according to the IAC website. Space Station. Blue layers are the middle and upper I guess it should not be surprising that many of those who are interested in the workings of atmosphere. far-off celestial bodies tend to be interested in the atmosphere they breathe every day. NASA RIn fact, I will dare to predict that the more Americans, Chinese, Europeans and Indians learn about other worlds, the more they will realize how rare, precious and tenuous our own existence is. The CO2 from these four leading polluters ends up in our atmosphere shown above in a photo from the International Space Station. Viewing Earth as part of the cosmos — a beautiful place where life is rare — tends to make us want to do better, doesn’t it? This prediction of a celestially inspired wake-up call is bold, but it’s not without historical underpin- nings. Within two years of the famous Earthrise photo shot on Christmas Eve during the Apollo 8 orbit of the moon, the U.S. created the Environmental Protection Agency, a step that was followed by the Clean Water Act and a slew of environmental laws. Apollo may have accomplished what Rachel Carson’s 1962 book “Silent Spring” could not do alone. Flash forward, and it’s safe to say that the NASA program to return U.S. boots to the moon was in no way inspired by environmentalism, but I postulate that could be one of the endeavor’s unanticipated outcomes. Perhaps if the Apollo program had not been canceled, it would not have taken so long for 73% of Americans to recognize that global warming is happening and for 62% to agree that it is mostly caused by humans, to give fi gures from a survey by Yale University. As signifi cant as the International Space Station program has been in many ways, it will never be as dynamic and attention grabbing as exploring deep space and building a space economy. Of course, it’ll take more than pretty pictures and testimonials to keep humanity in deep space. My sense is that if entrepreneurs don’t make space a dynamic place with direct benefi ts for those on Earth, then the proposed Artemis 2024 landing will turn out to be yet another one-off dabbling beyond low Earth orbit. ★ Ben Iannotta, editor-in-chief, [email protected] 4 | OCTOBER 2019 | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org DISCOVERERSSCOV S OFO ELUSIVE SOLUTIONS.SOLUTIONS. PURVEYORS OF FINEFINE DESIGN. Print,Print, webweb,, and e-commercee-commerce design and development for the aerospace industry.industry. ContactContact usus toto discussdiscuss youryour project.project. www.thor.designwww.thor.design 202.841.9476 | [email protected] Advertise in Aerospace America MATERIALS 9 SATELLITES 12 MILITARY AIRCRAFT 34 AIR SAFETY 36 AEROPUZZLER8 TRENDING 9 Make Aerospace America Part of Carbon fi bers from algae Fine resolution from smallsats A place for the F-15EX and F-21? Defeating MCAS Flying inverted Predicting aircraft electric needs Your 2020 Marketing Strategy TOMORROW’S Homo sapiens Deliver your message to the most prestigious community of engineers BLACK BOXES astronauta Should they be the same, ejectable or virtual? Should we modify our bodies for deep We take you inside the debate. space travel? Here’s how it might be done. in the world with an ad in Aerospace America or AerospaceAmerica.org PAGE 20 PAGE 10 Apollo 11 PAGE 20-34 Reach innovators, industry leaders, and world-class engineers who are making an impact in aerospace, space, aviation and defense! SEPTEMBER 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org JULY/AUGUST 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org Q&A 10 URBAN AIR MOBILITY 14 NASA’S NEW FRONTIERS 28 MATERIALS 14 ASTRONAUT’S VIEW 20 CYBERSECURITY 42 NASA’sNASA’s Bridenstine on lunar planningplanning CopingCoping with comcomplexityplexity NextNext probeprobe goesgoes to TitanTitan or to comet Sensing strain with light The case for nuclear fi ssion in space Safer aircraft tracking Aerospace America is the official magazine for AIAA’s 30,000 members In 1921, an Army pilot dropped insecticide on crops, starting a dashing new In-depth features | Industry updates | Recruitment opportunities profession that might or might not survive the age of drones.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Concorde Is a Museum Piece, but the Allure of Speed Could Spell Success
    CIVIL SUPERSONIC Concorde is a museum piece, but the allure Aerion continues to be the most enduring player, of speed could spell success for one or more and the company’s AS2 design now has three of these projects. engines (originally two), the involvement of Air- bus and an agreement (loose and non-exclusive, by Nigel Moll but signed) with GE Aviation to explore the supply Fourteen years have passed since British Airways of those engines. Spike Aerospace expects to fly a and Air France retired their 13 Concordes, and for subsonic scale model of the design for the S-512 the first time in the history of human flight, air trav- Mach 1.5 business jet this summer, to explore low- elers have had to settle for flying more slowly than speed handling, followed by a manned two-thirds- they used to. But now, more so than at any time scale supersonic demonstrator “one-and-a-half to since Concorde’s thunderous Olympus afterburn- two years from now.” Boom Technology is working ing turbojets fell silent, there are multiple indi- on a 55-seat Mach 2.2 airliner that it plans also to cations of a supersonic revival, and the activity offer as a private SSBJ. NASA and Lockheed Martin appears to be more advanced in the field of busi- are encouraged by their research into reducing the ness jets than in the airliner sector. severity of sonic booms on the surface of the planet. www.ainonline.com © 2017 AIN Publications. All Rights Reserved. For Reprints go to Shaping the boom create what is called an N-wave sonic boom: if The sonic boom produced by a supersonic air- you plot the pressure distribution that you mea- craft has long shaped regulations that prohibit sure on the ground, it looks like the letter N.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Week & Space Technology
    $14.95 JUNE 29-JULY 12, 2020 Quest for Speed BOOM XB-1 TAKES SHAPE RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Europe’s Hydrogen- Powered Aircraft Push PRIME TIME FOR How Safe Are HYPERSONICS Aircraft Cabins? Canada’s Fighter RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Strategy Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight International – July 2021.Pdf
    FlightGlobal.com July 2021 RISE of the open rotor Airbus, Boeing cool subsidies feud p12 Home US Air Force studies advantage resupply rockets p28 MC-21 leads Russian renaissance p44 9 770015 371327 £4.99 Sonic gloom Ton up Investors A400M gets pull plug a lift with on Aerion 100th delivery 07 p30 p26 Comment All together now Green shoots Irina Lavrishcheva/Shutterstock While CFM International has set out its plan to deliver a 20% fuel saving from its next engine, only the entire aviation ecosystem working in concert can speed up decarbonisation ohn Slattery, the GE Aviation restrictions, the RISE launch event governments have a key role to chief executive, has many un- was the first time that Slattery and play here through incentivising the doubted skills, but perhaps his Safran counterpart, Olivier An- production and use of SAF; avia- the least heralded is his abil- dries, had met face to face since tion must influence policy, he said. Jity to speak in soundbites while they took up their new positions. It He also noted that the engine simultaneously sounding natural. was also just a week before what manufacturers cannot do it alone: It is a talent that politicians yearn would have been the first day of airframers must also drive through for, but which few can master; the Paris air show – the likely launch aerodynamic and efficiency im- frequently the individual simply venue for the RISE programme. provements for their next-genera- sounds stilted, as though they were However, out of the havoc tion products. reading from an autocue.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeling Supersonic
    FlightGlobal.com May 2021 How Max cuts hurt Boeing backlog Making throwaway Feeling aircraft aff ordable p32 Hydrogen switch for Fresson’s Islander p34 supersonic Will Overture be in tune with demand? p52 9 770015 371327 £4.99 Big worries Warning sign We assess A380 Why NOTAM outlook as last burden can delivery looms baffl e pilots 05 p14 p22 Comment Prospects receding Future dreaming Once thought of as the future of air travel, the A380 is already heading into retirement, but aviation is keenly focused on the next big thing Airbus t has been a rapid rise and fall for on who you ask. As we report else- Hydrogen is not without its the Airbus A380, which not so where in this issue, there are those issues, of course, but nonethe- long ago was being hailed as the banking on supersonic speeds be- less it appears more feasible as a future of long-haul air travel. ing the answer. power source for large transport IThe superjumbo would be, The likes of Aerion and Boom Su- aircraft than batteries do at pres- forecasts said, the perfect tool for personic view the ability to shave ent, even allowing for improving airlines operating into mega-hubs significant time from journeys as a energy densities. such as Dubai that were beginning unique selling point. However, there are others who to spring up. While projects are likely to be see hydrogen through a differ- But the planners at Airbus failed technologically feasible, to be able ent filter. They argue that so- to take into consideration the to sell these new aircraft in signif- called sub-regional aircraft – the efficiency gains available from icant volumes their manufacturers Britten-Norman Islander, among a new generation of widebody will have to ensure that supersonic others – can be given fresh impetus twinjets that allowed operators to flight is not merely the domain of if a fuel source can be found that is open up previously uneconomical the ultra-rich.
    [Show full text]
  • W Oltoria Di Un Uo Non Man at Taman Antonio La D
    W OLTORIA DI UN USUO NON20180134382A1 MAN AT TAMAN ANTONIOLA D ( 19) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2018 /0134382 A1 Scholl et al. (43 ) Pub . Date : May 17 , 2018 ( 54 ) COMMERCIAL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT Publication Classification AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND (51 ) Int. Cl. METHODS B64C 30 / 00 (2006 .01 ) B64D 13 /08 ( 2006 . 01) ( 71) Applicant: Boom Technology, Inc. , Englewood , B64D 43 / 00 (2006 . 01 ) CO (US ) B64D 11 /06 ( 2006 .01 ) (72 ) Inventors : Nathaniel Blake Scholl, Englewood , (52 ) U . S . CI. CO (US ) ; Joe Wilding, Englewood , CO CPC . .. .. B64C 30 / 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ; B64D 13 / 08 (US ) ; Josh Krall, Englewood , CO (2013 .01 ) ; B64D 2013 /0618 (2013 .01 ) ; B64D (US ) ; Andy Berryann , Englewood , CO 11 / 064 (2014 . 12 ); B64D 43 / 00 ( 2013 .01 ) (US ) ; Michael Reid , Englewood , CO (US ) (57 ) ABSTRACT Commercial supersonic aircraft and associated systems and ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /811 ,327 methods . A representative commercial supersonic aircraft includes a fuselage configured to carry a crew and between ( 22 ) Filed : Nov . 13 , 2017 20 and 60 passengers, a delta wing mounted to the fuselage , and a propulsion system carried by at least one of the wing Related U . S . Application Data and the fuselage , the propulsion system including a plurality (60 ) Provisional application No . 62 /421 , 870 , filed on Nov . of engines , at least one variable - geometry inlet , and at least 14 , 2016 . one variable - geometry nozzle . 101 103 100 102 51216 Chen 110 - - - - 000000 - -
    [Show full text]
  • PORTUGUESE SPACE CATALOGUE PORTUGUESE SPACE CATALOGUE Fundação Para a Ciência E a Tecnologia (FCT) Is the National Funding Agency for Science and Research in Portugal
    PORTUGUESE SPACE CATALOGUE PORTUGUESE SPACE CATALOGUE Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) is the national funding agency for science and research in Portugal. FCT promotes internationally competitive and high impact science, technology and innovation across all areas of knowledge, including exact, natural and health sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. The FCT Space Office addresses all space related issues. It is strongly committed to strengthening the participation of Portuguese researchers and entrepreneurs in space-related activities and in bringing the benefits of developing space sciences, technologies and its applications to Portuguese citizens. Please reach us through [email protected] and on our website www.fct.pt. Towards the end of 2000, Portugal became a member state of the European Space Agency, thus paving the way to full participation in ESA technology and applications programmes. The success achieved by Portuguese companies and research institutes in the European Union programmes, namely in FP7, Copernicus (formerly known as GMES) and Galileo is proof that Portuguese companies and academia are both competitive and reliable partners. Indeed, Portugal contributes to most European Space programmes, covering key domains of space applications, ranging from satellite telecommunications, global navigation systems, Earth observation, space technology, space sciences and robotic exploration. The Portuguese Space Community is an active member of international networks, developing complex space technologies and participating in space science and exploration missions. This community is made up of innovative, knowledge- intensive companies, specialised research institutes and modern public institutions, all strongly engaged in advancing space science, technologies and their application in non-space sectors. Indeed, one of the success factors of the Portuguese Space Community is precisely the close links between companies and academia.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Week & Space Technology
    STARTS AFTER PAGE 34 How Air Trvel New Momentum for My Return Smll Nrrowbodies? ™ $14.95 APRIL 20-MAY 3, 2020 SUSTAINABLY Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights in Space 2010
    International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Supersonic Aerodynamics
    Some Supersonic Aerodynamics W.H. Mason Configuration Aerodynamics Class Grumman Tribody Concept – from 1978 Company Calendar The Key Topics • Brief history of serious supersonic airplanes – There aren’t many! • The Challenge – L/D, CD0 trends, the sonic boom • Linear theory as a starting point: – Volumetric Drag – Drag Due to Lift • The ac shift and cg control • The Oblique Wing • Aero/Propulsion integration • Some nonlinear aero considerations • The SST development work • Brief review of computational methods • Possible future developments Are “Supersonic Fighters” Really Supersonic? • If your car’s speedometer goes to 120 mph, do you actually go that fast? • The official F-14A supersonic missions (max Mach 2.4) – CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25nm – 4 ½ minutes and 50nm total • Then, head home or to a tanker – DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft., M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at 1.5 (out 125-130nm) • 2 minutes combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker Very few real supersonic airplanes • 1956: the B-58 (L/Dmax = 4.5) – In 1962: Mach 2 for 30 minutes • 1962: the A-12 (SR-71 in ’64) (L/Dmax = 6.6) – 1st supersonic flight, May 4, 1962 – 1st flight to exceed Mach 3, July 20, 1963 • 1964: the XB-70 (L/Dmax = 7.2) – In 1966: flew Mach 3 for 33 minutes • 1968: the TU-144 – 1st flight: Dec. 31, 1968 • 1969: the Concorde (L/Dmax = 7.4) – 1st flight, March 2, 1969 • 1990: the YF-22 and YF-23 (supercruisers) – YF-22: 1st flt.
    [Show full text]
  • Make America Boom Again: How to Bring Back Supersonic Transport,” Eli Dourado and Samuel Hammond Show That It Is Time to Revisit the Ban
    MAKE AMERICA BOOM AGAIN How to Bring Back Supersonic Transport _____________________ In 1973, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) banned civil supersonic flight over the United States, stymieing the development of a supersonic aviation industry. In “Make America Boom Again: How to Bring Back Supersonic Transport,” Eli Dourado and Samuel Hammond show that it is time to revisit the ban. Better technology—including better materials, engines, and simulation capabilities—mean it is now possible to produce a supersonic jet that is more economical and less noisy than those of the 1970s. It is time to rescind the ban in favor of a more modest and sensible noise standard. BACKGROUND Past studies addressing the ban on supersonic flight have had little effect. However, this paper takes a comprehensive view of the topic, covering the history of supersonic flight, the case for supersonic travel, the problems raised by supersonic flight, and regulatory alternatives to the ban. Dourado and Hammond synthesize the best arguments for rescinding the ban on supersonic flights over land and establish that the ban has had a real impact on the development of supersonic transport. KEY FINDINGS The FAA Should Replace the Ban on Overland Supersonic Flight with a Noise Standard The sonic boom generated by the Concorde and other early supersonic aircraft was very loud, and as a result the FAA banned flights in the United States from going faster than the speed of sound (Mach 1). This ban should be rescinded and replaced with a noise standard. A noise limit of 85–90 A-weighted decibels would be similar to noise standards for lawnmowers, blenders, and motorcy- cles, and would therefore be a reasonable standard during daytime hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerospace and Aviation
    GE Aviation in Evendale, Ohio. Where Aerospace and Aviation Companies Take Flight Ohio’s Innovative and Collaborative Environment Ohio is the birthplace of aviation and continues today as a place for leading-edge aerospace research, innovation and collaborative development. As the No. 1 supplier state to Boeing and Airbus, Ohio is a powerhouse producer of systems and parts for the aerospace industry, leveraging our innovation infrastructure and our manufacturing know- how. In addition, our mix of government, corporate and military investment in the industry make Ohio the ideal location for companies looking to expand and advance their aviation and aerospace operations. COTSWORKS in Highland Heights, Ohio. A Highly Skilled and Continuously Expanding Aerospace and Aviation Workforce Ohio’s skilled workforce, talent pipeline, training programs and higher education institutions provide aerospace and aviation companies the skilled workers they need to take their innovations to new heights. rd Largest Manufacturing 3 Workforce in the U.S. 18,000+ Engineering and Science degrees Graduate Each Year From 38,000+ 80+ University Campuses in the State Employees in the Private Aerospace Industry SEVEN Colleges and Universities Conducting th Highest Number UAS and Advanced Technology Research 5 of Top Aerospace Jobs in the Nation The National UAS Training and Certification Center located at Sinclair Community College Aerospace and 550+ Aviation Firms Innovation in the Sky and Beyond With $12 billion in R&D investments, Ohio is home to hundreds of organizations dedicated to advancing aerospace and aviation breakthroughs. Companies in Ohio can collaborate with government, academic, military, industry peers and industry organizations to develop and commercialize their latest aerospace and aviation technology.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Supersonic Aerodynamics
    Grumman Tribody Concept featured on the 1978 company calendar. The basis for this idea will be explained below. 10. Supersonic Aerodynamics 10.1 Introduction There have actually only been a few truly supersonic airplanes. This means airplanes that can cruise supersonically. Before the F-22, classic “supersonic” fighters used brute force (afterburners) and had extremely limited duration. As an example, consider the two defined supersonic missions for the F-14A: F-14A Supersonic Missions CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25 nm - 4 1/2 minutes and 50 nm total • Then, must head home, or to a tanker! DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft, M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at M = 1.5 (out 125-130 nm) • 2 minutes Combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker. In this chapter we will explain the key supersonic aerodynamics issues facing the configuration aerodynamicist. We will start by reviewing the most significant airplanes that had substantial sustained supersonic capability. We will then examine the key physical underpinnings of supersonic gas dynamics and their implications for configuration design. Examples are presented showing applications of modern CFD and the application of MDO. We will see that developing a practical supersonic airplane is extremely demanding and requires careful integration of the various contributing technologies. Finally we discuss contemporary efforts to develop new supersonic airplanes. 10.2 Supersonic “Cruise” Airplanes The supersonic capability described above is typical of most of the so-called supersonic fighters, and obviously the supersonic performance is limited.
    [Show full text]