MOON LANDING 36 HYPERSONICS 14 SPACE ECONOMY 30 What Apollo can teach Artemis Predicting overheating A new role for space-faring governments ICS + ON CL RS IM E A P T U E S Mach 1 passenger jets could exacerbate aviation’s carbon footprint. The search for solutions is underway. PAGE 22 REPORTER’S PICKS PAGE 18 Your IAC preview OCTOBER 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org SECURE YOUR AIAA CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP TODAY! Take advantage of being a Corporate Member: › Industry recognition › Transformative conversations › Automatically elevate your staff to AIAA Senior Members › Annual forum registration allotment and discounted registrations › Recruit students and young professionals at Meet the Employer events › Plus so much more! LEARN MORE: aiaa.org/corporatemembership CONTACT US TO TODAY TO LEARN WHAT AIAA CAN DO FOR YOU! Chris Semon • Vickie Singer • Paul doCarmo 703.264.7510 | [email protected] FEATURES | October 2019 MORE AT aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org 18 30 36 22 IAC preview Seismic shift in Apollo’s lessons satellite market for Artemis Supersonic transports Our staff reporter describes the Space-faring Experience gleaned International and climate change governments are during the 20th- Astronautical taking a new role century moon program The industry has creative ideas for Congress events she in the satellite can help sustain addressing the warming infl uence of doesn’t want to miss. market as startups today’s momentum proposed Mach 1 passenger jets. and established toward a 2024 lunar By Cat Hofacker companies vie for landing. By Adam Hadhazy investors. By John M. Logsdon By Debra Werner On the cover: Photo illustration aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org | OCTOBER 2019 | 1 RENO, NEVADA 15–19 June 2020 | Reno-Sparks Convention Center CALL FOR PAPERS The AIAA AVIATION Forum is the only global event that covers the entire integrated spectrum of aviation business, research, development, and technology. AIAA IS SOLICITING PAPERS FOR THE 2020 FORUM IN THE FOLLOWING TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES: › Aeroacoustics › General Aviation › Aerospace Traffic Management › Meshing, Visualization, and › Aircraft Design Computational Environments › Air Traffic Operations, Management, › Modeling and Simulation and Systems Technologies › Applied Aerodynamics › Multidisciplinary Design Optimization › Atmospheric and Space › Plasmadynamics and Lasers Environments › Theoretical Fluid Mechanics › Computer Systems › Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing › Flow Control (V/STOL) Aircraft Systems › Fluid Dynamics › And many more! Submit an abstract by 7 November 2019 aiaa.org/aviation/cfp IN THIS ISSUE AEROSPACE★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ AMERICA OCTOBER 2019, VOL. 57, NO. 9 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Keith Button Ben Iannotta Keith has written for C4ISR Journal and Hedge Fund Alert, where he broke [email protected] news of the 2007 Bear Stearns scandal that kicked off the global credit crisis. ASSOCIATE EDITOR PAGE 14 Karen Small [email protected] STAFF REPORTER Cat Hofacker [email protected] Adam Hadhazy EDITOR, AIAA BULLETIN Christine Williams Adam reports on astrophysics and technology. His work has appeared in Discover and New Scientist magazines. [email protected] PAGE 22 EDITOR EMERITUS Jerry Grey CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Keith Button, Adam Hadhazy, John M. Logsdon Robert van der Linden, John M. Logsdon, Debra Werner, John is professor emeritus at George Washington University and has written Frank H. Winter books on the space policies of U.S. Presidents Kennedy, Nixon and Reagan. He founded GW’s Space Policy Institute in 1987 and directed it until 2008. John Langford AIAA PRESIDENT He is editor of “The Penguin Book of Outer Space Exploration.” Daniel L. Dumbacher PUBLISHER PAGE 36 Rodger S. Williams DEPUTY PUBLISHER ADVERTISING [email protected] Debra Werner ART DIRECTION AND DESIGN A frequent contributor to Aerospace America, Debra is also a West Coast THOR Design Studio | thor.design correspondent for Space News. PAGES 30, 64 MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION Association Vision | associationvision.com LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE Ben Iannotta, [email protected] DEPARTMENTS 4 Editor’s Notebook 8 9 7 Flight Path AeroPuzzler Aerospace in Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly How fast can a lightsail go? action except in August by the American Institute of Aeronautics An 11-kilogram cubesat and Astronautics, Inc., at 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 41 AIAA Bulletin gives scientists views inside 200 Reston, VA 20191-5807 [703-264-7500]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; 59 Career Opportunities foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send 10 14 address changes and subscription orders to Aerospace 62 Looking Back America, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Q&A Engineering at 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA, 20191-5807, United Launch Alliance Notebook Attn: A.I.A.A. Customer Service. Periodical postage 64 Trajectories CEO Tory Bruno paid at Reston, Virginia, and at additional mailing Predicting overheating offi ces. Copyright 2019 by the American Institute of at hypersonic speeds Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce. 62 64 Looking Back Trajectories From 1969: Three Soviet AeroVironment electrical spacecraft in orbit at the engineer Michael Seitz same time aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org | OCTOBER 2019 | 3 EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK SPACE ECONOMY Deep space could jolt how we see ourselves egistrations for the tours of NOAA’s National Center for Weather and Climate Prediction tied to The Earth’s limb this month’s International Astronautical Congress were fi lled to capacity by mid-September, from the International according to the IAC website. Space Station. Blue layers are the middle and upper I guess it should not be surprising that many of those who are interested in the workings of atmosphere. far-off celestial bodies tend to be interested in the atmosphere they breathe every day. NASA RIn fact, I will dare to predict that the more Americans, Chinese, Europeans and Indians learn about other worlds, the more they will realize how rare, precious and tenuous our own existence is. The CO2 from these four leading polluters ends up in our atmosphere shown above in a photo from the International Space Station. Viewing Earth as part of the cosmos — a beautiful place where life is rare — tends to make us want to do better, doesn’t it? This prediction of a celestially inspired wake-up call is bold, but it’s not without historical underpin- nings. Within two years of the famous Earthrise photo shot on Christmas Eve during the Apollo 8 orbit of the moon, the U.S. created the Environmental Protection Agency, a step that was followed by the Clean Water Act and a slew of environmental laws. Apollo may have accomplished what Rachel Carson’s 1962 book “Silent Spring” could not do alone. Flash forward, and it’s safe to say that the NASA program to return U.S. boots to the moon was in no way inspired by environmentalism, but I postulate that could be one of the endeavor’s unanticipated outcomes. Perhaps if the Apollo program had not been canceled, it would not have taken so long for 73% of Americans to recognize that global warming is happening and for 62% to agree that it is mostly caused by humans, to give fi gures from a survey by Yale University. As signifi cant as the International Space Station program has been in many ways, it will never be as dynamic and attention grabbing as exploring deep space and building a space economy. Of course, it’ll take more than pretty pictures and testimonials to keep humanity in deep space. My sense is that if entrepreneurs don’t make space a dynamic place with direct benefi ts for those on Earth, then the proposed Artemis 2024 landing will turn out to be yet another one-off dabbling beyond low Earth orbit. ★ Ben Iannotta, editor-in-chief, [email protected] 4 | OCTOBER 2019 | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org DISCOVERERSSCOV S OFO ELUSIVE SOLUTIONS.SOLUTIONS. PURVEYORS OF FINEFINE DESIGN. Print,Print, webweb,, and e-commercee-commerce design and development for the aerospace industry.industry. ContactContact usus toto discussdiscuss youryour project.project. www.thor.designwww.thor.design 202.841.9476 | [email protected] Advertise in Aerospace America MATERIALS 9 SATELLITES 12 MILITARY AIRCRAFT 34 AIR SAFETY 36 AEROPUZZLER8 TRENDING 9 Make Aerospace America Part of Carbon fi bers from algae Fine resolution from smallsats A place for the F-15EX and F-21? Defeating MCAS Flying inverted Predicting aircraft electric needs Your 2020 Marketing Strategy TOMORROW’S Homo sapiens Deliver your message to the most prestigious community of engineers BLACK BOXES astronauta Should they be the same, ejectable or virtual? Should we modify our bodies for deep We take you inside the debate. space travel? Here’s how it might be done. in the world with an ad in Aerospace America or AerospaceAmerica.org PAGE 20 PAGE 10 Apollo 11 PAGE 20-34 Reach innovators, industry leaders, and world-class engineers who are making an impact in aerospace, space, aviation and defense! SEPTEMBER 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org JULY/AUGUST 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org Q&A 10 URBAN AIR MOBILITY 14 NASA’S NEW FRONTIERS 28 MATERIALS 14 ASTRONAUT’S VIEW 20 CYBERSECURITY 42 NASA’sNASA’s Bridenstine on lunar planningplanning CopingCoping with comcomplexityplexity NextNext probeprobe goesgoes to TitanTitan or to comet Sensing strain with light The case for nuclear fi ssion in space Safer aircraft tracking Aerospace America is the official magazine for AIAA’s 30,000 members In 1921, an Army pilot dropped insecticide on crops, starting a dashing new In-depth features | Industry updates | Recruitment opportunities profession that might or might not survive the age of drones.