DOCSLIB.ORG

Asiatische Studien Etudes Asiatiques L U I • 1998

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Asiatische Studien Etudes Asiatiques L U I • 1998 Schweizerische Asiengesellschaft Société Suisse-Asie 5 Asiatische Studien Etudes Asiatiques LUI • 1998 Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft Revue de la Société Suisse - Asie Peter Lang Bern • Berlin • Frankfurtam Main • New York • Paris • Wien ASIATISCHE STUDIEN ÉTUDES ASIATIQUES Herausgegeben von / Editées par JOHANNES BRONKHORST (Lausanne) - REINHARD SCHULZE (Bern) - ROBERT GASSMANN (Zürich) - EDUARD KLOPFENSTEIN (Zürich) - JACQUES MAY (Lausanne) - GREGOR SCHOELER (Basel) Redaktion: Ostasiatisches Seminar der Universität Zürich, Zürichbergstrasse 4, CH-8032 Zürich Die Asiatischen Studien erscheinen vier Mal pro Jahr. Redaktionstermin für Heft 1 ist der 15. September des Vorjahres, für Heft 2 der 15. Dezember, für Heft 3 der 15. März des gleichen Jahres und für Heft 4 der 15. Juni. Manuskripte sollten mit doppeltem Zeilenabstand geschrieben sein und im allgemeinen nicht mehr als vierzig Seiten umfassen. Anmerkungen, ebenfalls mit doppeltem Zeilenabstand geschrieben, und Glossar sind am Ende des Manuskriptes beizufügen (keine Fremdschriften in Text und Anmerkungen). Les Études Asiatiques paraissent quatre fois par an. Le délai rédactionnel pour le nu­ méro 1 est au 15 septembre de l’année précédente, pour le numéro 2 le 15 décembre, pour le numéro 3 le 15 mars de la même année et pour le numéro 4 le 15 juin. Les manuscrits doivent être dactylographiés en double interligne et ne pas excéder 40 pages. Les notes, en numérotation continue, également dactylographiées en double interligne, ainsi que le glossaire sont présentés à la fin du manuscrit. The Asiatische Studien are published four times a year. Manuscripts for publication in the first issue should be submitted by September 15 of the preceding year, for the second issue by December 15, for the third issue by March 15 and for the fourth issue by June 15. They should be typed double-spaced with footnotes (also double-spaced) and the alphabetically arranged glossary at the end. Manuscripts should not exceed forty pages. Publiziert mit Unterstützung der Schweizerischen Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften Peter Lang Bern • Berlin ■ Frankfurt am Main • New York • Paris • Wien Asiatische Studien Etudes Asiatiques LU -1 • 1998 Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft Revue de la Société Suisse - Asie Peter Lang Bern • Berlin • Frankfurt am Main • New York • Paris • Wien ISSN 0004-4717 © Peter Lang AG, Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, Bern 1998 Alle Rechte Vorbehalten. Das Werk einschliesslich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ausserhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany BHOJA’S SRNGÀRAPRAKÀSA AND THE PROBLEM OF RASA A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION AND ANNOTATED TRANSLATION Sheldon Pollock, Chicago In Memory of Dr. K. Krishnamoorthy History has been unfair to the Érngàraprakâsa (SP), the greatest of the two dozen works of Bhoja, the Paramâra king who during the first half of the eleventh century ruled widely in what is the present-day state of Madhya Pradesh and presided over a literary court that, like the king himself, was later to become the stuff of legend.1 Despite the fact that it is the most comprehensive and sustained body of literary analysis in premodem India, in some ways the most germane - in view of the range of issues treated that are pertinent to reading actually existing Sanskrit literature - and in its organization, style, and plethora of citations and analyses perhaps the most fascinating, the SP attracted no commentarial attention that we know of. Although it was read widely in south India and in Bengal,2 only a few 1 I refer to Bhoja as the author of the SP not as shorthand (for “the literary circle of Bhoja”) but literally. The work throughout is unmistakably marked by the voice of a single author, and it is hard not to hear this as Bhoja’s, as for example in his comment on the first kârikâ: “It is not just anyone who enunciates this verse, but a particular man, [who is in fact] a great king,” etc. (see below p. 140). Later rulers view Bhoja as the model of the cultured king. Krsnadevarâya of Vijayanagara, for example, referred to himself as “King Bhoja of All Art” (sakalakalâbhoja) both in his inscriptions and in his drama, the Jàmbavatïparinaya. 2 Though almost certainly not Kashmir. The Sâhityamïmâmsâ, which cites Bhoja extensively, has been attributed to the twelfth-century poet and scholar, Mankhaka, in a new edition of the work (edited by Gaurinath Shastri [Varanasi: Sanskrit University 1984)], but on very weak grounds. Bhoja was however known to the great Tibetan scholar Sa-skya Pandita (1182-1251), who studied under the Kashmiri Sakyasri- bhadra. He tell us in the prologue to his “Entryway into Scholarship” that he mastered two poetic treatises, Kàvyàdarsa and Sarasvatîkanthâbharana (Matthew KAPSTEIN, personal communication). For Bengal, see BHATTACHARYYA 1963 and DELMONICO 1989. Bhoja was a central authority for the thirteenth-century Sanskritizing commenta­ tor on the Tirukkural, Parimelajakar of Kâncïpuram; he refers to the SP itself (cf. François GROS in Nalini BALBIR, ed., Genres littéraires en Inde [Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 1994], p. 357). It may seem odd that his literary-critical work is not mentioned in the later Paramâra world itself; Aijunavarman, for example, king of 118 SHELDON POLLOCK (four?) incomplete manuscripts of the work are available today, two of which appear to be transcripts of a third. Even after the entire extant text was edited by the heroic efforts of G. R. JOYSER and printed in Mysore,3 the work seems hardly to have been read by scholars; basic misinformation (regarding for example Bhoja’s relationship to Anandavardhana) continues to be transmitted.4 The bibliography of scholarship on the SP stands in a proportion precisely inverse to the text’s physical mass and intellectual weight. Almost nothing has been written that gives evidence of sustained eng<igsrnent with the work, and none of it seems to have been found worthy of translating into any South Asian or Western language, one index of such an engagement.5 The sole exception to this universal neglect is the monograph of V. RAGHAVAN.6 This is unquestionably a worthy monument to a great masterpiece. By providing detailed background information for most of the questions Bhoja discusses it has with justice become basic reading for students of Sanskrit literature. But in the very success of RAGHAVAN’s study lay a certain kind of failure: its effect has been, not to open the door to Bhoja but to nail it shut. Sanskrit scholar friends of mine in Mysore, for example, are typical in regarding any research interest in the SP as pistapesana.1 But the long anticipated publication of RAGHAVAN’s edition Dhara ca. 1215, never cites Bhoja in the Rasikasamjivani, his learned comentary on the Amarusataka. It is not impossible that the looting of the royal library by Jayasimha Siddharaja ca. 1140, while enabling Hemacandra to make such extensive use of the SP, deprived Bhoja’s own heirs of it. 3 Mysore: Coronation Press, 1955 - ca. 1969. Four vols. 4 Many scholars, for example, continue to believe that Bhoja is ignorant o f the dhvani doctrine, thus reproducing DE’s old error despite RAGHA VAN’s correction (1978: 150- 51 = 1963: 153). See below, karika 5 of the SP, and ad R 397.4ff. 5 Add to the references in Gerow 1977: 269-71, Chapter 4 of Delmonico 1989. While DELMONICO correctly acknowledges, in a couple o f places, Bhoja’s focus on the literary character as the locus of rasa, which I emphasize below, he does not apply this in his exegesis of the work. In the rest of his analysis I cannot follow him. 6 Bhoja’s Srhgaraprakdsa (Madras: Punarvasu, 1978). 7 I profited however from discussions with them, especially the late Dr. K. KRISHNA- MOORTHY, dean of modem-day dlahkdrikas, and Vidvan H. V. Nagaraja RAO. I am also much indebted to my friend Prof. Ashok Aklujkar (Vancouver) for his careful reading of this essay, and for suggesting several good textual emendations. I also want to thank my student Lawrence McCREA for his criticisms. BHOJA’S SRNGÁRAPRAKÁSA 119 of the SP in the Harvard Oriental Series8 provides a good occasion to return to Bhoja, and to consider just how much of his grain has in fact been ground. The present article is the first in what I hope will be a series of annotated translations preparatory to a larger study of the architecture, argument, and discursive art of Bhoja’s monumental work. Since in its very structure the text builds toward the propositions regarding rasa in Chapter Eleven, it is with a translation of the passages on rasa in that chapter, along with the introductory kñrikás and the author’s commentary on them in Chapter Seven, that 1 start my reconsideration.9 By way of preface I want to look at some of the historical and conceptual questions concerning rasa that necessarily bear on the translation. I begin with some simple schematic distinctions and key discursive developments before looking in more detail at Bhoja himself and two texts that I believe crucially supplement our understanding of the SP, namely, Bhatta Narasimha’s commentary on Chapter Five of the Sarasvatikanthábharana, and the Dasarüpaka of Dhanamjaya (with the commentary Avaloka of Dhanika). Both of these clarify the assumptions of the theory with which Bhoja operated whether by positive description (Narasimha) or negative critique (Dhanamjaya- Dhanika). I end the introduction with some speculations about what this discursive history may suggest for the domain of cultural politics in late- medieval South Asia. Sivaprasad BH ATTACH ARY Y A was in many ways correct when a generation ago he remarked that Bhoja’s discourse on rasa is the most detailed and provocative we have, and the most unusual, differing often essentially from both Bharata and those who follow him.10 Bhoja’s argument with Bharata is explicit in the SP itself (see below, R 681.13ff., J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ramayana of * - Valmeeki RENDERED INTO ENGLISH with EXHAUSTIVE NOTES BY
    THE Ramayana OF * - Valmeeki RENDERED INTO ENGLISH WITH EXHAUSTIVE NOTES BY (. ^ ^reenivasa jHv$oiu$ar, B. A., LECTURER S. P G. COLLEGE, TRICHINGj, Balakanda and N MADRAS: * M. K. PEES8, A. L. T. PRKS8 AND GUARDIAN PBE8S. > 1910. % i*t - , JJf Reserved Copyright ftpfiglwtd. 3 [ JB^/to PREFACE The Ramayana of Valmeeki is a most unique work. The Aryans are the oldest race on earth and the most * advanced and the is their first ; Ramayana and grandest epic. The Eddas of Scandinavia, the Niebelungen Lied of Germany, the Iliad of Homer, the Enead of Virgil, the Inferno, the Purgatorio, and the Paradiso of Dante, the Paradise Lost of Milton, the Lusiad of Camcens, the Shah Nama of Firdausi are and no more the Epics ; Ramayana of Valmeeki is an Epic and much more. If any work can clam} to be the Bible of the Hindus, it is the Ramayana of Valmeeki. Professor MacDonell, the latest writer on Samskritha Literature, says : " The Epic contains the following verse foretelling its everlasting fame * As long as moynfain ranges stand And rivers flow upon the earth, So long will this Ramayana Survive upon the lips of men. This prophecy has been perhaps even more abundantly fulfilled than the well-known prediction of Horace. No pro- duct of Sanskrit Literature has enjoyed a greater popularity in India down to the present day than the Ramayana. Its story furnishes the subject of many other Sanskrit poems as well as plays and still delights, from the lips* of reciters, the hearts of the myriads of the Indian people, as at the 11 PREFACE great annual Rama-festival held at Benares.
    [Show full text]
  • Portrayal of Family Ties in Ancient Sanskrit Plays: a Study
    Volume II, Issue VIII, December 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 Portrayal of Family Ties in Ancient Sanskrit Plays: A Study Dr. C. S. Srinivas Assistant Professor of English Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology Hyderabad India Abstract The journey of the Indian dramatic art begins with classical Sanskrit drama. The works of the ancient dramatists Bhasa, Kalidasa, Bhavabhuti and others are the products of a vigorous creative energy as well as sustained technical excellence. Ancient Sanskrit dramatists addressed several issues in their plays relating to individual, family and society. All of them shared a common interest— familial and social stability for the collective good. Thus, family and society became their most favoured sites for weaving plots for their plays. Ancient Sanskrit dramatists with their constructive idealism always portrayed harmonious filial relationships in their plays by persistently picking stories from the two great epics Ramayana and Mahabharata and puranas. The paper examines a few well-known ancient Sanskrit plays and focuses on ancient Indian family life and also those essential human values which were thought necessary and instrumental in fostering harmonious filial relationships. Keywords: Family, Filial, Harmonious, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Sanskrit drama. _______________________________________________________________________ http://www.ijellh.com 224 Volume II, Issue VIII, December 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 The ideals of fatherhood and motherhood are cherished in Indian society since the dawn of human civilization. In Indian culture, the terms ‘father’ and ‘mother’ do not have a limited sense. ‘Father’ does not only mean the ‘male parent’ or the man who is the cause of one’s birth. In a broader sense, ‘father’ means any ‘elderly venerable man’.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5022
    12 NAGARi ALPHABET, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS OF PARAMARA INSCRIPTIONS Arvind K. Singh The Paramaras, started their political career the scribe and the engraver was performed by the in the ninth century C.E. as feudatories of the same person. The relevant epigraphic data provide 1 imperial Racmrak0[)'ls1monarch , succeeded in significant details concerning these professionals, 1 building a strong kingdom in the heart of the central and sometimes mention their predecessors as well , India in the tenth century and played a leading as native place, role, occupation and designation j role in the history of the country till fourteenth as applied to poets, scribes and engravers. It is century C.E. During the course of their political obvious from the examples of good epigraphic I' existence, the Paramaras ruled over various poetry that high talented poets were employed for territories, which includes Maiava proper as well composing the inscriptions. The poets were 1 the adjacent districts of Vidisha in the east, Ratlam honored by different ways, even by donating land. in the west, Indore and the parts of Hoshangabad AtrO stone inscription of the time of JayasiAha: in the south-east. In addition the imperial royal V.S. 1314 (C.E. 1258) records the donation by house of Maiava, there was other contemporary JayasiAhadeva of the village Mhaisada (Bhainra) royal houses of the Paramaras over Arbuda­ in the territorial division of PaAvimha in favor of a manda, Maru-mandala, Jalor, and Vaga. The kavicakravartin, mhakkura NarayaGa (no. 55). house that grew to power in the region around · Tilakwada copper-plate inscription of the time of Arbuda-maandala or Mount Abo, subsequently Bhojadeva: V.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dasarupa a Treatise on Hindu Dramaturgy Columbia University Indo-Iranian Series
    <K.X-."»3« .*:j«."3t...fc". wl ^^*je*w £gf SANfiNlRETAN V1SWABHARAT1 UBRARY ftlO 72, T? Siali • <••«.•• THE DASARUPA A TREATISE ON HINDU DRAMATURGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY INDO-IRANIAN SERIES EDITED R Y A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON FaOFCSSOR OF INOO-IRANIAH LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNtVERSITY Volume 7 Neto York COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1912 AU righis reserved THE DASARUPA A TREATISE ON HINDU DRAMATURGY By DHANAMJAYA NOW FIRST TRANSLATED KROM THE SANSKRIT WITH THE TEXT AND AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY GEORGE C. O. HAAS, A.M., Ph.D. SOMKT1MB PBLLOW IN INDO-IftANIAN LANCOAGES JN COLUMBIA UNIVBRSITY Nrto Yor* COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1912 Alt rights reserved 2 Copyright 191 By Columbia University Press Printed from type. Auffiut, 1913 r«t*« ©r tMC MtV EKA PHtMTI«« COHM«r tAMCUTM. I»».. TO MY FATHER PREFATORY NOTE In the present volume an important treatise on the canons of dramatic composition in early India is published for the first time in an English translation, with the text, explanatory notes, and an introductory account of the author and his work. As a con- tribution to our knowledge of Hindu dramaturgy, I am glad to accord the book a place in the Indo-Iranian Series, particularly as it comes from one who has long been associated with me as a co-worker in the Oriental field. A. V. Williams Jackson. V» PREFACE The publication of the present volume, originally planned for 1909, has been delayed until now by ^arious contingencies both unforeseen and unavoidable. While in some respects unfortu- nate, this delay has been of advantagc in giving me opportunities for further investigation and enabling me to add considerably to my collection of comparative material.
    [Show full text]
  • Glimpses of Jhansi's History Jhansi Through the Ages Newalkars of Jhansi What Really Happened in Jhansi in 1857?
    T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Glimpses of Jhansi's History Jhansi Through The Ages Newalkars of Jhansi What Really Happened in Jhansi in 1857? Attractions in and around Jhansi Jhansi Fort Rani Mahal Ganesh Mandir Mahalakshmi Temple Gangadharrao Chhatri Star Fort Jokhan Bagh St Jude’s Shrine Jhansi Cantonment Cemetery Jhansi Railway Station Orchha I N T R O D U C T I O N Jhansi is one of the most vibrant cities of Uttar Pradesh today. But the city is also steeped in history. The city of Rani Laxmibai - the brave queen who led her forces against the British in 1857 and the region around it, are dotted with monuments that go back more than 1500 years! While thousands of tourists visit Jhansi each year, many miss the layered past of the city. In fact, few who visit the famous Jhansi Fort each year, even know that it is in its historic Ganesh Mandir that Rani Laxmibai got married. Or that there is also a ‘second’ Fort hidden within the Jhansi cantonment, where the revolt of 1857 first began in the city. G L I M P S E S O F J H A N S I ’ S H I S T O R Y JHANSI THROUGH THE AGES Jhansi, the historic town and major tourist draw in Uttar Pradesh, is known today largely because of its famous 19th-century Queen, Rani Laxmibai, and the fearless role she played during the Revolt of 1857. There are also numerous monuments that dot Jhansi, remnants of the Bundelas and Marathas that ruled here from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • New Kings and Kingdoms
    History - Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms Medieval Period Early Medieval Later Medieval Period 8th Period-12th Century to 12th Century to 18th Century Century Who were the new powers? How they became powerful? The Emergence of New Dynasties ● Rich landlords or warrior chiefs became subordinates of kings and were given title of samantas, and were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, had to be present at their courts and would provide them military support. With more power and wealth, samantas became ‘maha-samanta’ or ‘mahamandaleshwar’, and some of them became free from their overlords. ● Dantidurga, who was a Rashtrakuta chief, performed ‘hiranyagarbha’ ritual to become a Kshatriya and then he overthrew his Chalukya overlord. ● In spite of being Brahmans, Kadamba Mayurasharman and Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra built their kingdoms in Karnataka and Rajasthan. Prashastis and Land Grants ● Prashastis are a special kind of inscription, meaning “in praise of”. They were composed by learned Brahmanas in praise of the rulers, which may not be literally true; but, they tell us how rulers of that time wanted to illustrate themselves. ● If the kings liked the prashastis, they gave land as a gift to the Brahmans, with records of it on copper plates. ● Kalhana was a famous writer who wrote a long Sanskrit poem (Rajatarangini - "The River of Kings") on kings of Kashmir by using a variety of sources,such as inscriptions, documents, eyewitness accounts, and earlier histories. He was usually critical about rulers and their policies. Rajput ancestry can be divided between Suryavanshi (“House of the Sun,” or Solar people), or those descended from Rama, the hero of the epic Ramayana; and Chandravanshi (“House of the Moon,” or Lunar people), or those descended from Krishna, the hero of the epic Mahabharata.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER Onei BRIEF SURVEY of YADAVA's POLITICAL HISTORY
    CHAPTER ONEi BRIEF SURVEY OF YADAVA’S POLITICAL HISTORY The early history of the Yadavas is shrouded in some „ 1 obscurity. It seems that the Yadavas were first known as Seunas and their dominion was called Seunadesa. The Sangamner copper plate of Yadava Billama II/2 and Hemadri also testifies that the 3 Seunadesa was known after the name of Seunachandra who was the son of Dridhapahara. Seunadesa was the name given to the region extending from Nasik to Devagiri. In the introduction to Hemadri's Vratakhanda Devagiri was situated in Seunadesa and that the latter was located 4 on the borders of Pandakaranya. 5 The Kalegaon inscription of Yadava Mahadeva/ shows that the country founded by Dridhapahara was extended by Seunachandra on both the banks of Godavari so as to include the modern districts of Aurangabad and east and west Khandesh together with portions of Ahmednagar and Nasik. As the records of dynasty traced its descent from the Puranic hero Yadu its rulers were better known as Yadavas although the word Seuna was not totally forgotten. The Muslim historians knew them as Yadavas and Prataparudriya of vidyanatha 6 refers to them as Yadava kings of Seuna country. Origin of the Yadava Family The early history of the Yadava dynasty is found in the epigraphic records of its rulers as well as in the introduction iiuiiiii 3 to the Hemadris Vratakhanda. Most of the inscriptions of the Yadava rulers refer that the family called Yadava originated 7 from the holy Vishnu's lineage. The Paithan grant of Ramachandra tracing the descent of the family states the followings From the lotus that grew from the navel of Vishnu# there was produced Viruchi.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Download the Full Paper in a New
    The Possession of Narratives: Telling and Transmitting Caste in Indian Folktales Siddharth N Kanoujia, University of Delhi, India The European Conference of Arts & Humanities 2017 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract This paper postulates that caste in India is not just a sociological category, or an existential reality, but has been historically constituted of narratives that shape both. It will elaborate this by offering a brief survey of the rich store of myths, fables and parables meant for the children that have emerged and been transmitted over a millenia in the subcontinent. These include the Jatakas , the Panchtantra , and the Hitopadesh – a few of its most famous examples. These stories are deployed today to instil in children the cultural values and a sense of history. Hence, the paper will also examine some of these narratives, to see how caste is represented in them, and to analyze the implications of such representations in their repeated retellings today It will attempt to show that choice of subject, theme, mode and genre of Children’s Literature all substantially determine the meanings of ’caste’ for the ‘impressionable minds’ they target. Through the detailed analysis, especially of highly popular stories in Baital Pachisi and Singhasan Battisi (both 11th CE), this paper will attempt to reveal how children in India are introduced to the ideas of caste: how, when narrated by the paternal/maternal figure, the child imbibes the ideals of caste along with the other societal norms: how these ideas are juxtaposed by the child onto her social reality, leading to the verification and concretisation of caste ideologies.
    [Show full text]
  • M E H T a C S . X
    MEHTA C s .X.) * P ^ . n ) . i q £ h ProQuest Number: 10731380 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731380 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 if£ Political History of Gujarat CAD, JMn 750 - 950 Shobhana Khimjibhai Mehta Thesis submitted for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London. September 1961, CONTENTS page Acknowledgements.... 2 Abstract ... ................. ... ... * * •. ♦ 3 List of Abbreviations.......................... 5 Chapter I. The Sources ....................... 8 Chapter II. Chronology ........ .. ... ... 27 Chapter III. Gujarat at the Decline of the Maitrakas and After ......... 56 Chapter IV. The Saindhavas ... ... ........ 84 Chapter V. The Capas ... .... 106 Chapter VI. The Paramaras ... 135 Chapter VII. The Caulukyas...... ................. 199 Conclusion............... 254 Genealogical Tables ... ... ................... 259 Appendices. (i) The Gurjaras of Broach ... 270 (ii) The Early Cahama^mjLS. ............. 286 Bibliography (i) List of Inscriptions ............ 297 (ii) Primary Sources ........ 307 (iii) Secondary Sources .................. 309 (iv) List of Articles.................... 316 Maps. (a) Gujarat under the Maitraka • ... (b) Gujarat under the Paramaras ........ (c) Gujarat under the Caulukyas ........ (d) India in ca. 977 A.D...........
    [Show full text]
  • Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati . & Dr. K. Muniratnam Director i/c, Epigraphy, ASI, Mysore. Prof. Susmita Basu Majumdar Dept. of AIHC, University of Calcutta. Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Indian Epigraphy Module Name/Title Literary Inscriptions : An Overview Module Id IC / IEP / 34 Pre requisites Objectives Keywords E-text (Quadrant-I) : Epigraphic sources have been used extensively for reading early Indian history. There are more than one lakh inscriptions reported from the Indian subcontinent and the number is increasing as inscriptions are being discovered regularly. On the basis of the commonness of content Richard Saloman has divided the inscriptions found in the Indian subcontinent into ten broad categories. These are as follows: 1. Royal donative and panegyric-Prasasti 2. Land grants- Copper Plate charters 3. Private Donations 4. Memorial inscriptions 5. Label inscriptions 6. Pilgrim’s and Travelers’ records 7. Cultic inscriptions 8. Literary inscriptions 9. Seal inscriptions 10. Miscellaneous inscriptions Of these ten categories the least number of inscriptions belong to the literary genre yet theu are quite significant. The term literary reveals that the content is primarily literary, but they are found engraved mainly on stone and walls. This category of inscriptions have brought forth some dramas and poems the texts of which are otherwise unknown. The question is that why these dramas were incised on stone? Among dramas on stone we have three major dramas i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Ramayana on the Life, Culture and Literature in India and Abroad Ramayana Dr.Y.RAMESH Associate Professor Department of History & P.G
    ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2016 IJESC Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 8 Influence of Ramayana on the Life, Culture and Literature in India and Abroad Ramayana Dr.Y.RAMESH Associate Professor Department of History & P.G. Centre Government Arts College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Abstract The Valmiki-Ramayana is a splendid creation of the sublime thoughts of Valmiki, the seer poet; it serves as a source of eternal inspiration, salutary ideas and moral behaviour for millions of people all over the world. It transcends the limitations of time, place and circumstances and presents an universal appeal to people speaking different languages, dwelling different countries and h aving different religious persuasions. The Vedas and the Puranas along with two great epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata constitute the solid and enduring foundation of age long and magnificent edifice of Indian culture and civilization. The ever -las ting appeal of these treatises still influences, to a great extent, the cultural life and behaviour-pattern of crores of Indians. Introduction exercised such a stupendous influence on the mind, life and thoughts of the masses. The epic portrays many-sided picture Anybody, intending to know India’s present properly, even of a perfect life. The story of the Ramayana reveals the unwillingly, goes through its thriving past history; because in conquest of good over evil. Valmiki composes the epic, order to know the present of a nation properly, one cannot merging religion with morality and statesmanship with ignore its past history and cultural heritage. If we look into the common sense, in such a manner that it presents an excellent great epics, all the traditional characteristics of Indian combination of sociology, philosophy, Arthasastra, History civilization, along with its magnanimity as well as deficiency and ethics.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedingsofthe015177mbp.Pdf
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SANSKRIT CONFERENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI INDIA March 26th-31st 1972 Vigyan B hawan, New Delhi. GENERAL EDITOR Dr. R.K. Sharma, M.A. Ph.D. (Calif.) Director Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan Vol. ill - Part II (Papers on different aspects of Sanskrit Literature, thought and Culture) I98I RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN 2-A, Ram Kishore Marg, Deihi-1 10054 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SANSKRIT CONFERENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI INDIA March 26th-31st 1972 Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. GENERAL EDITOR Dr. R.K. Sharma, M.A. Ph D. (Calif.) Director Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan - Vol. Ill Part II (Papers on different aspects of Sanskrit Literature, thought and Culture) 1981 RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN 2-A, Ram Kishore Marg, Delhi-1 10054 Published by : The Director, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan 2- A Ram Kishore Marg, Delhi- 1 10054 Printed at : I78 , PREFACE the International Sanskrit The printing of the Proceedings of First Conference was entrusted to Dr. Raghavan, who edited and saw though the first first of the third of the press two volumes and the part volume; the third these, the second part of the first volume and the first part of volume were finished recently after the sad demise of the noted editor. taken for the The remaining parts were up printing by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan and it was our endeavour to see that at least before the commencement of the 5th International Sanskrit Conference, these were brought out and placed in the hands of the scholars taking part in the present Conference.
    [Show full text]