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Sambodhi (Quarterly) SAMBODHI (QUARTERLY) VOL. 5 APRIL 1976 NO, 1 EDITORS DALSUKH MALVANIA DR. H. C. BHAYANI U O. INSTITUTE OF IN DOLOGY, AHMEDABAD 9 CONTENTS Historical Data in the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala Sudarshan Kumar Sharma Madhava's Rgvedavyakhya and the System of Qalitas K. P, Jog Subtle Bodies Postulated in the Classical Sarikhya System Y K, Wadhwani D, D, Malvania, J, C, Sikdar HISTORICAL DATA IN THE TILAKAMANJARI OF DHANAPALA Sndarshan Kumar Sharma Tilakamafljan of Dhanapala is a prose romance dealing with the love episode of Harivshana and Tilakamafljan, the prince of Ayodhya and a princess of Vidygdhara descent on the one hand, and on the other hand of Samaraketu and Malayasundan, the prince of Simhala and a princess of Kaflci Both these episodes stand intertwined and interfused within the frame-work of one another. Dhanapala belonged to the second half of the tenth and first half of the eleventh cent. A. D. In the introductory verses 1 [3S-43] the poet has referred to the mythical origin of the 'Paramsras' through the Agnikunda, having 'Paramara' for their Progenitor whose name was awe-inspiring to the Gnrjaras on the Mount Arbuda, even to the 2 days of the poet's age The Oeneology of the Paramaras as given by Dhanapsla is as under :- Paramara, born of Agnikunda and starting the lineage, had Vairisimha for one of his scions; Vairisimha had SnSiyaka alias Harsa for his successor, who was blessed with a son named Sindhuraja having an elder brother in Sri- and a son in 9 has also described mad Vakpatiraja fihoja , Dhanapala &n Bhoja, the son of Sindhuraja having been consecrated to his own throne [yab sve Vakpatiraja blmmipatina rajye' bhisiktah svayam] by the king Vakpatiraja also known as Mufija, personally [verse 43, P. 35] Dhanapala bas-categorically expressed the view that Sri Bhoja* was conversant with the entire stock of literature and had a special penchant to listen to the narratives told according to the scriptures of the Jinas 6 (Buddhas as well as the Jainas). For the sake of regalement of that king of spotless character, the pre- sent katna [Tilakamaajari] had been composed by him, a fact corroborated by MerutuAgacarya in his Prabandbacintamam a Being a son of Sarvadeva, a resident of Samkaiya in Madhyadesa, 7 he can be presumed to have depicted the details about the politcal history of the times of the Paramara Bhoja and some of his illustrious pedecessors The Agnlknla legend describing the mythical origin of Paramaras has posed a problem Dhanapsla seems to have emulated Padmagupta alias panmalaB, the court poet of Sindhuraja Who had perhaps framed this story to explain the clan name 'Paramsra'.* Several Paramara inscriptions, the documents of the Cahamanas, the Prth- virajaraso of Canda Bardai and innumerable bardic chronicles have repeated 10 to it is in this story as held by Dr Pathaka . The earliest referrence found the Vasantagarh insc of Poraapsla, dated A. D 1049. Earlier Paramsra Sambodhl 5,1 2 Sudarshan Kumar Sharma 11 inscriptions do not mention this story . Dr. Pathaka has identified the Paramsras with AgmveSa Brahmanas bearing the gotra Vasiatha.i 2 Hence- "Vssis,thaih sma krtasmayo varasataib astyagnikundodbhavo, 18 bhapalah Paramara ityabhidhaya khyato mahimandale" i e 'On the orb of the Earth there is well-known a king named Paramara' who was born from the sacrificial altar given to assume pride through hundreds of boons, by the Vssisthas'-has been construed quite rationally by Dr. Pathaka According to Dr Pratipala Bhatia also Paramsras were originally Vasislba Brahmanas who came to be regarded as K?atriyas either on account of adopting K?atra dharma or because their progenitor married a Ksatrfya woman and so their descendants adopted their mothers' caste for all 14 1 ' practical purposes . Gautama N. Dwlvedi takes Paramsras to be of northern origin and at first feudatories of the Gurjara Pratiharae with whom they shared a common origin but their peculiar geographical position, in Malwa led them to play a cautious opportunistic role, and to ally for some time with the stronger Rastrakatas The first important Paramara king of Malwa was Krsnaraja-Vakpati, possibly also known as Upendra who le was a contemporary and later vassal of Indra m . The ruling families of Mount Abu and Vsgada were collateral branches of the Paramaras, while Vakpati II possibly established a new branch at Jalor According to Dr. R. S. Tripathi-"The Paramsras were members of the Rastrakata race and to the a they originally belonged Deccan, which once formed home domi- nion of the Imperial Rastrakatas" 17 He also considers Upendra or Krsnamja as the founder of the Paramara dynasty and feels that his immediate successors must have been vassals of the Pratihgras or of the Rastrakatas as they al- in 18 ternately gained ascendency Malwa [Ancient Avanti] . The Banswar msc of Paramara Bhojadeva [Vikram Samvat 1076= A D. of S 1019], Udaipur Prasasti Jayasimha [V. 1112=1055 A. D.] and the of the of Malwa S Udaipur Prasasti kings (V 1202^=1145 A. D.) slightly differ in establishing the geneology of the Parmgra kings as compared with the 1 20 the one given in TilakamafijanK , Prabandhacmtamam and Navasaha- 1 santa caritam.* The Banswar inscription collects 6ri Siyaka, {-in Vakptirsjadeva, Sn Sin- and 6rj as the four out of the dhurgjadeva, Bhojadeva kings whole lot, while Udaipur Prasasti of Ja)asimha picks up 6rl-Vakpatirsjadeva, 6n Sindhudeva and without Srj Bhojadeva 6n Jayasimhadeva referring to Sindhudeva or Sm- the or elder brother of dhuraja beeing younger Vakpatirgjadeva.22 The Udalpuit Praiasti of the kings of Malwa, however, is more elaborate and details the of the as from Paramara geneology Paramaras starting who was brought m(o Historical data in the Tilakamatyarl of Dhanaptila 3 from the sacrificial 28 e. the In whose being by Vasistha altar (i Agnikunda), lineage was born Upendrarsja, a gem of the group of dvijas2i (Brahmanas or Ksatriyas) who had a son named Sn Vainsimha having his panegyric 2B inscribed on the victory columns of the earth engirt by the four oceans From him came about the king named Snyaka who was succeeded by Sri Vakpati, the sun to the lotuses m the form of the eyes of the youthful maidens of Avanti20 Through him was born Vainsimha who was called by a variant name Vajratasvgmin, by the people. From him came about &ri Hargadeva who wrested the sovereignty from Khottigadeva in battle.2' He had a son in Snmad Vakpatirajadeva who was called so by the suave and feet who had his lotus enamoured of the crest-jewels of the [ rulers of ] Karnata, Lata, Kerala and Cola, who the ambitious couqueror raised aloft his sword in Tripuri having vanquished yuvaraja m the battle and killed his armychiefs & He had a younger brother Sri Smdhuraja who had earned glory through victories and had vanquished the king of the Hunas, by whom was brought into being Sri Bhojaraja, a ventable gem-created by the grace the best menZo a of of [i e Vi?nu-Puru$ottama being synonym of Vfynu] He partook of the earth from Mount Malaya to Kallasa and up to the Astadn and Udayadn, being a peer to Prthu, the primeval king He was a Kavirsja [the king among the poets]. He had brought to subservience the Lord of the Cedis, the rulers of Kamsta, Lata, Gurjaras headed by Bhima, and the Turugkas, and had rendered the earth worth her name by making her renowned with temples, such as Kedatan&tha, RameSvaranatha, Soma-. natha, JJundiraksla, Analarudra etc But when the Sun-Valoured one, the devotee of or reached the abode of the splendour fortunes, heavenly ones [i e. the dead], the earth in the form of Dhara got circumambiated by the heaps of darkness in the form of the enemies, the principal men became slothful and Udaysditya rose like sun having thwarted the opponents.! A perusal of the facts enumerated in this inscription brings out certain enlightening factors First of all it narrates that Paramara was the progenitor of the race wherein was born Upendrarsja, a gem among the dvijas; his son Valrlsimha had a son Snyaka who had Sn Vakpati for his successor. He was followed by Sri Vainsimha alias Vajrata Svgmm who had a son named Sri Hargadeva who was succeeded by SnmadVakapatlrSja, having a younger brother Smdhurgja having his son Sn Bhojadeva subsequenry followed by Udayaditya who perhaps was a scion of the race and most probably a younger brother of Bhoja as postulated by Dr Pratipala Bhatla.' 1 According to her Bhoja did not probably leave behind any son, at least none worthy to succeed him in those days of trouble when the very existence of the Paramara state of Malava was threatened. It was enough to have external trouble, to this were now added the tribulations consequent on conflicts inci- dental to the unsettled succession Jayasimha I [Msndhsts Plates-Dhara 4 Sudarshan Kumar Sharma was the 1055 A. D. and the Panhera inscription 1059 A. D.] probably immediate successor of Bhoja and perhaps one of those clalments who fought 82 for the throne of Malwa, after the demise of Bhoja. The great Udaya- for his succeeded Jaya- ditya.the father of Jagaddeva [having Bhoja Pitrvya] 88 e. simha I in the seventees of the llth century A. D (i 107Q-86). Navasshasankacanta agrees more favourably with the Udepur Prasasti, of of the kings of Malwa than tie Tilakamafijan in point of historicity followd the geneological table Padmagupta's account has Paramsra by Vak- Upendra as one of the scions of the lineage started by the former, an elder brother In pati, Vamsimha, Sri Siyaka, Sri Sindhuraja having 8* has Vakpatiraja, alias Navasahasanka or Navma Sahasanka.
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