IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Analysis of the water quality risk index for human consumption in urban areas of the department of Bolivar To cite this article: Emilia Polo-Carrillo et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 844 012047 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 170.106.35.229 on 27/09/2021 at 01:26 Expotecnología 2019 "Research, Innovation and Development in Engineering" IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 844 (2020) 012047 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/844/1/012047 Analysis of the water quality risk index for human consumption in urban areas of the department of Bolivar Emilia Polo-Carrillo1, Geraldine Morales-Simancas2, Yudis Cabarcas-Ariza2 and Jorge Valle Rodríguez 3 1Gitac: Grupo de investigación de turismo, administración y comercio. Colegio Mayor de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. 2Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Fundación Universitaria Antonio de Arévalo Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. 3Gobernación del Departamento de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia [email protected] Abstract: Objective: To analyze the results of the Water Quality Risk Index for Human Consumption in Urban Areas of the Department of Bolívar. Materials and methods: A descriptive investigation was developed, with the objective of evaluating the compliance of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water for human consumption. The direct observation technique was used whose results are based on the application of the standardized measuring instrument authorized by the Ministry of Social Protection in Colombia - IRCA for estimating compliance with acceptable parameters established in current regulations. Results: It was found that of the 46 municipalities in the department of Bolívar, study focus 18 presents water that is not suitable for human consumption that requires special surveillance and 3 municipalities have sanitary waters that require maximum, special and detailed surveillance. Conclusions: The need to establish alternatives by the competent entities that improve the quality of water for consumption in some municipalities of Bolívar and implement strategies for the prevention of waterborne diseases was evidenced. 1. Introduction United Nations Human Rights [1] Affirms that water is the essence of life. Drinking water and sanitation are essential for life and health, and fundamental for the dignity of every person [2] Expresses that the right of all persons was mentioned worldwide for the first time to have access to drinking water in sufficient quantity, and the evaluation and use of water resources in the world for the assurance of the well-being of the people was discussed, as the states were encouraged to carry out internal reviews on water matters to establish plans and policies focused on meeting the needs of drinking water and sanitation. The United Nations General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation, reaffirming that drinking water and sanitation are essential for the realization of all human rights. [3]. Health and water quality are essential for the development and well-being of humans. Providing access to safe water is one of the most effective instruments to promote health and reduce poverty. (WHO, 2017). In the same way according to statements of [4], Water is essential for life. No living being on Earth can survive without water. Water is essential for human health and well-being as well as for the Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1 Expotecnología 2019 "Research, Innovation and Development in Engineering" IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 844 (2020) 012047 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/844/1/012047 preservation of the environment. Despite this, four out of ten people in the world lack access to a simple latrine and almost two out of ten do not have access to a safe source of drinking water. Every year, millions of people, mostly children, die from diseases related to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. In accordance with the above [3] it indicates that water is at the epicenter of sustainable development and is essential for socio-economic development, energy and food production, healthy ecosystems and for the very survival of human beings. Similarly [5] expresses that the supply of drinking water constitutes a public service that states must provide in an obligatory manner to individuals, since access to the resource is a collective, basic or fundamental need, said supply has not could be entirely satisfied by many governments in various countries, especially in those underdevelopment conditions prevail [5]. According to figures from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that 10% of the world population consumes irrigated food with untreated sewage, and that 32% of the world population does not have access to adequate basic sanitation services, generating 280,000 deaths associated with water diseases. It is estimated that 4% of total deaths in the world are related to water quality, hygiene and sanitation. In Latin America and the Caribbean, acute diarrheal diseases (ADD) are one of the ten leading causes of deaths per year (5), due to problems in water quality, mainly due to improper wastewater management [6]. The Political Constitution of Colombia establishes as one of the main purposes of the State's activity, the solution of unsatisfied basic needs, among which is access to the drinking water service, which is fundamental for human life. The adequate supply of quality water for human consumption is necessary to avoid cases of morbidity due to diseases such as cholera and diarrhea [7]. Referring to the importance of water quality in health [5] Most intestinal parasites are transmitted by environmental pollution and in this aspect, water and food play an important role. If the feces are not disposed of properly, the cysts, oocysts and eggs of the intestinal parasites can remain in the home environment or contaminate water sources or crops irrigated with sewage. Therefore, it is estimated that many of the deaths in the world are due to problems related to water, drainage and hygiene. The framework for which a water sample can be considered adequate or "safe" is a drinking water quality standard. An appropriate standard is, then, the reference that will ensure that water is not harmful to human health. 9 Most of the countries in Latin America, North America, the European Union and other regions and communities have adopted in their quality standards of drinking water, WHO guide values as specific indicators for its national standards [8]. According to the latest data published for the department of Bolívar on waterborne diseases (EVA) and water quality risk index (IRCA) in Colombia 2015. [9] the incidence rate of diseases directly related to the water in Colombia shows that for that last report year 2015, the mortality rate due to acute diarrheal disease (ADD) in children under 5 years and shows a general incidence rate of ADD of 49.5 with very low data in the rate of incidence of hepatitis A ”of 0.6 paratyphoid fever incidence rate of 0.5 and incidence rate of leptospirosis of 1.7 showing an average risk IRCA with a 22.13. This investigation takes into account the provisions of Decree 1575 by [10]. By which the system for the protection and control of water quality for human consumption is established, in which the IRCA is defined as the degree of risk of occurrence of diseases related to non-compliance with the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water for human consumption. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the results of the Risk Index of Water Quality for Human Consumption in Urban Areas of the Department of Bolívar in order to establish strategies for the prevention of waterborne diseases. 2. Materials and Methods A descriptive investigation was developed, with the objective of evaluating the compliance of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water for human consumption according to Resolution 2115 of 2007. 2 Expotecnología 2019 "Research, Innovation and Development in Engineering" IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 844 (2020) 012047 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/844/1/012047 It is very important to express that the data bank used for this investigation on water quality was obtained from the Information System of the Monitoring of the Quality of Water for Human Consumption (SIVICAP), reported to the Government of Bolívar, the data recorded in This base is the result of the report on the monitoring of water quality for human consumption carried out by health authorities in the different territories of Colombia. This surveillance circumscribes the collection of samples, the analysis and interpretation of results, the provision of information and the use of this information for public health. For the collection of samples, the water quality monitoring plan established in Resolution 2115 of 2007 is developed, and in which the frequency and number of samples are established according to the characteristics and the population supplied. In the analysis the characteristics of color, pH, turbidity, free residual chlorine, total coliforms and Escherichia