Participation and Language Use
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Language and Development in Africa: Perceptions, Ideologies and Challenges H
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08855-9 - Language and Development in Africa: Perceptions, Ideologies and Challenges H. Ekkehard Wolff Index More information Index Aari, 157 decolonisation, 164, 198, 244 Abdulmajid, Iman Mohamed, 109 department(s), 31, 52, 169–70 Abebe Bikila, 120 dictionaries, 148 Aborigines, 19 discrimination, 150, 172–73, 178, 202, 251–52 Abyssinia, 59–60, 117 education, 17, 275 academic education, 158 empowerment, 24, 173, 188, 237, 248, 273, ACALAN (African Academy of Languages), 278 13, 248, 265, 268, 300, 316 history, 151 Achebe, Chinua, xiii, 55, 71, 76, 246 informal sector (economy), 184, 194 acquisition planning, 35, 224–25, 227–28, 267, intellectualisation, 152, 198, 225, 237, 267, 316 273, 276, 278 additional language, 14, 152, 170, 173, 181, international, 182–84 208, 238 lingua franca, 100 additive multilingualism, 16, 36, 205, 316 linguistics, 47 ADEA (Association for the Development of literacy, 13 Education in Africa), 44, 266 marginalisation, 13 ADEA Association for the Development of medium of instruction, 24, 36–37, 165, 183, Education in Africa), 266 188, 191, 247–48, 262, 278 Adegbija, Efurosibina, xiv, 260 number, 15, 57, 135, 176–77, 179, 182–83, administration, 4, 6, 40, 86, 152, 160, 162, 167, 288 184, 203, 205, 207, 247 official functions, 153, 183–84, 188, 233 adult education, 242 publishing, 76, 282 advanced education, 173 standardisation, 268 Afar, 123–24, 254 writing, 56–57, 74, 120, 135, 149, 245 Africa experts, 22–23, 43, 74 African linguistics, xiv, 2, 5, 21–22, 26, 29–32, African -
Closed Adjective Classes and Primary Adjectives in African Languages Guillaume Segerer
Closed adjective classes and primary adjectives in African Languages Guillaume Segerer To cite this version: Guillaume Segerer. Closed adjective classes and primary adjectives in African Languages. 2008. halshs-00255943 HAL Id: halshs-00255943 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00255943 Preprint submitted on 14 Feb 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Closed adjective classes and primary adjectives in African Languages Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN (INALCO, CNRS) Closed adjective classes and primary adjectives in African Languages INTRODUCTION The existence of closed adjective classes (henceforth CAC) has long been recognized for African languages. Although I probably haven’t found the earliest mention of this property1, Welmers’ statement in African Language Structures is often quoted: “It is important to note, however, that in almost all Niger-Congo languages which have a class of adjectives, the class is rather small (...).” (Welmers 1973:250). Maurice Houis provides further precision: “Il y a lieu de noter que de nombreuses langues possèdent des lexèmes adjectivaux. Leur usage en discours est courant, toutefois l’inventaire est toujours limité (autour de 30 à 40 unités).” (Houis 1977:35). These two statements are not further developped by their respective authors. -
Music of Ghana and Tanzania
MUSIC OF GHANA AND TANZANIA: A BRIEF COMPARISON AND DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS AFRICAN MUSIC SCHOOLS Heather Bergseth A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERDecember OF 2011MUSIC Committee: David Harnish, Advisor Kara Attrep © 2011 Heather Bergseth All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT David Harnish, Advisor This thesis is based on my engagement and observations of various music schools in Ghana, West Africa, and Tanzania, East Africa. I spent the last three summers learning traditional dance- drumming in Ghana, West Africa. I focus primarily on two schools that I have significant recent experience with: the Dagbe Arts Centre in Kopeyia and the Dagara Music and Arts Center in Medie. While at Dagbe, I studied the music and dance of the Anlo-Ewe ethnic group, a people who live primarily in the Volta region of South-eastern Ghana, but who also inhabit neighboring countries as far as Togo and Benin. I took classes and lessons with the staff as well as with the director of Dagbe, Emmanuel Agbeli, a teacher and performer of Ewe dance-drumming. His father, Godwin Agbeli, founded the Dagbe Arts Centre in order to teach others, including foreigners, the musical styles, dances, and diverse artistic cultures of the Ewe people. The Dagara Music and Arts Center was founded by Bernard Woma, a master drummer and gyil (xylophone) player. The DMC or Dagara Music Center is situated in the town of Medie just outside of Accra. Mr. Woma hosts primarily international students at his compound, focusing on various musical styles, including his own culture, the Dagara, in addition music and dance of the Dagbamba, Ewe, and Ga ethnic groups. -
Edinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Translinguistic apposition in a multilingual media blog in Rwanda Citation for published version: Gafaranga, J 2015, 'Translinguistic apposition in a multilingual media blog in Rwanda: Towards an interpretive perspective in language policy research', Language in Society, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740451400075X Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1017/S004740451400075X Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Language in Society Publisher Rights Statement: © Gafaranga, J. (2015). Translinguistic apposition in a multilingual media blog in Rwanda: Towards an interpretive perspective in language policy research. Language in Society, 44(1), 87-112. 10.1017/S004740451400075X General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 Translinguistic apposition Translinguistic apposition in a multilingual media blog in Rwanda: Towards an interpretive perspective in language policy research Abstract Researchers have called for studies which link the macro and the micro in language policy research. In turn, the notion of ‘micro’ has been theorised as referring either to the micro implementation of macro policies or to micro policies. -
1 Parameters of Morpho-Syntactic Variation
This paper appeared in: Transactions of the Philological Society Volume 105:3 (2007) 253–338. Please always use the published version for citation. PARAMETERS OF MORPHO-SYNTACTIC VARIATION IN BANTU* a b c By LUTZ MARTEN , NANCY C. KULA AND NHLANHLA THWALA a School of Oriental and African Studies, b University of Leiden and School of Oriental and African Studies, c University of the Witwatersrand and School of Oriental and African Studies ABSTRACT Bantu languages are fairly uniform in terms of broad typological parameters. However, they have been noted to display a high degree or more fine-grained morpho-syntactic micro-variation. In this paper we develop a systematic approach to the study of morpho-syntactic variation in Bantu by developing 19 parameters which serve as the basis for cross-linguistic comparison and which we use for comparing ten south-eastern Bantu languages. We address conceptual issues involved in studying morpho-syntax along parametric lines and show how the data we have can be used for the quantitative study of language comparison. Although the work reported is a case study in need of expansion, we will show that it nevertheless produces relevant results. 1. INTRODUCTION Early studies of morphological and syntactic linguistic variation were mostly aimed at providing broad parameters according to which the languages of the world differ. The classification of languages into ‘inflectional’, ‘agglutinating’, and ‘isolating’ morphological types, originating from the work of Humboldt (1836), is a well-known example of this approach. Subsequent studies in linguistic typology, e.g. work following Greenberg (1963), similarly tried to formulate variables which could be applied to any language and which would classify languages into a number of different types. -
The Role of Indigenous Languages in Southern Sudan: Educational Language Policy and Planning
The Role of Indigenous Languages in Southern Sudan: Educational Language Policy and Planning H. Wani Rondyang A thesis submitted to the Institute of Education, University of London, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2007 Abstract This thesis aims to questions the language policy of Sudan's central government since independence in 1956. An investigation of the root causes of educational problems, which are seemingly linked to the current language policy, is examined throughout the thesis from Chapter 1 through 9. In specific terms, Chapter 1 foregrounds the discussion of the methods and methodology for this research purposely because the study is based, among other things, on the analysis of historical documents pertaining to events and processes of sociolinguistic significance for this study. The factors and sociolinguistic conditions behind the central government's Arabicisation policy which discourages multilingual development, relate the historical analysis in Chapter 3 to the actual language situation in the country described in Chapter 4. However, both chapters are viewed in the context of theoretical understanding of language situation within multilingualism in Chapter 2. The thesis argues that an accommodating language policy would accord a role for the indigenous Sudanese languages. By extension, it would encourage the development and promotion of those languages and cultures in an essentially linguistically and culturally diverse and multilingual country. Recommendations for such an alternative educational language policy are based on the historical and sociolinguistic findings in chapters 3 and 4 as well as in the subsequent discussions on language policy and planning proper in Chapters 5, where theoretical frameworks for examining such issues are explained, and Chapters 6 through 8, where Sudan's post-independence language policy is discussed. -
Official Bilingualism in a Multilingual City: Case Helsinki
Official bilingualism in a multilingual city: case Helsinki Pasi Saukkonen Conference The Politics of Multilingualism: Possibilities and Challenges Workshop The Politics of Multilingualism in Complex Urban Settings Amsterdam 22-24 May 2017 Structure of the presentation . Finland as a multilingual country . Finnish multilingualism: society . Finnish official bilingualism . Finnish official multilingualism . Evaluation of Finnish bilingualism and multilingualism . Helsinki as a multilingual city . Demography . City bilingualism: basic principles . City bilingualism: policy practices . City bilingualism: policy evaluation . City multilingualism: basic principles . City multilingualism: policy practices . City multilingualism: policy evaluation . Conclusion: what is the linguistic future of Helsinki? 05/08/2017 Pasi Saukkonen 2 Finland is a multilingual society with a large Finnish language majority . Finnish population register includes information about the mother tongue of all residents. The population register does not recognize individual bilingualism or multilingualism.* . The overwhelming majority of people are Finnish speakers, 88.3% in 2016. Swedish speakers constitute 5.3% of the population, mainly located in the coastal areas of Southern, Western and South-Western Finland. Speakers of other languages make about 6.5% of the population. The largest groups are Russian speakers (about 75.000) and Estonian speakers (about 49.000). There are about 2.000 registered Sami speakers (altogether three Sami languages). 05/08/2017 Pasi Saukkonen -
Amnesty International's Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism
Document généré le 25 sept. 2021 18:23 Meta Journal des traducteurs Translators’ Journal Institutional Multilingualism in NGOs: Amnesty International’s Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism Wine Tesseur Traduction et plurilinguisme officiel Résumé de l'article Translation and Official Multilingualism Le plurilinguisme institutionnel est le plus souvent associé à d’importantes Volume 59, numéro 3, décembre 2014 institutions intergouvernementales comme l’Union européenne et les Nations Unies. Le multilinguisme d’organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1028657ar cependant, est resté en grande partie invisible. Comme les organisations DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1028657ar gouvernementales internationales (OGI), elles opèrent en traversant les barrières linguistiques. Cela soulève la question de savoir si les ONG utilisent la langue et la traduction de la même manière que les OGI. Dans le présent Aller au sommaire du numéro article, nous étudions le cas d’Amnistie internationale et ce que le multilinguisme veut dire pour cette organisation, comment il se reflète dans sa politique langagière et comment il est mis en pratique. En offrant une Éditeur(s) meilleure compréhension du cas particulier d’Amnistie internationale, cet article apporte une contribution à la traductologie institutionnelle. Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal ISSN 0026-0452 (imprimé) 1492-1421 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Tesseur, W. (2014). Institutional Multilingualism in NGOs: Amnesty International’s Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism. Meta, 59(3), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.7202/1028657ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2015 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. -
Vidunda (G38) As an Endangered Language?
Vidunda (G38) as an Endangered Language? Karsten Legère University of Gothenburg 1. The position of Swahili and other Tanzanian languages Tanzania is a multi-ethnic and, as a consequence, multi-lingual country. This fact is reflected in the existence of approximately 120 ethnonyms according to the 1967 population census (Tanzania 1971). The most recent edition of Ethnologue (Gordon 2005) lists 128 languages (of which one is extinct) and glossonyms accordingly. This number recently grew even bigger when the results of a country-wide survey under the auspices of LoT1 were released (LoT 2006). Thus, the survey added approximately 80 more glossonyms to the existing lists published by, for example, Polomé & Hill (1980) and Ethnologue. As known, many glossonyms refer to language varieties which are mutually intelligible with those spoken mainly by neighboring ethnic groups or nationalities. People who claim to speak a language of their own frequently understand that of their neighbors, although the latter’s variety is terminologically distinct from the former.2 Hence, the high number of glossonyms is linguistically not relevant for adequately describing the factual situation, which is often characterized by a dialect continuum. In other words, dialect clusters which are comprised of “languages” (as expressed by particular glossonyms) may definitely reduce the number of Tanzanian languages. However, to which number a necessary linguistic and terminological recategorization may ultimately lead is still an open question. The informal and formal spread of Swahili (henceforth called L2) as a language of wider distribution/lingua franca (the national and co-official3 language; see Legère 2006b for discussion) has increasingly limited the use of all other Tanzanian languages (henceforth referred to as L1s). -
Élémentsde Description Du Langi Langue Bantu F.33 De Tanzanie
ÉLÉMENTS DE DESCRIPTION DU LANGI LANGUE BANTU F.33 DE TANZANIE MARGARET DUNHAM Remerciements Je remercie très chaleureusement tous les Valangi, ce sont eux qui ont fourni la matière sur laquelle se fonde cet ouvrage, et notamment : Saidi Ikaji, Maryfrider Joseph, Mama Luci, Yuda, Pascali et Agnès Daudi, Gaitani et Philomena Paoli, M. Sabasi, et toute la famille Ningah : Ally, Saidi, Amina, Jamila, Nasri, Saada et Mei. Je remercie également mes autres amis de Kondoa : Elly Benson, à qui je dois la liste des noms d’arbres qui se trouve en annexe, et Elise Pinners, qui m’a logée à Kondoa et ailleurs. Je remercie le SNV et le HADO à Kondoa pour avoir mis à ma disposition leurs moyens de transport et leur bibliothèque. Je remercie les membres du LACITO du CNRS, tout le groupe Langue-Culture- Environnement et ceux qui ont dirigé le laboratoire pendant ma thèse : Jean-Claude Rivierre, Martine Mazaudon et Zlatka Guentchéva Je remercie tout le groupe bantu : Gladys Guarisma, Raphaël Kaboré, Jacqueline Leroy, Christiane Paulian, Gérard Philippson, Marie-Françoise Rombi et Serge Sauvageot, pour leurs conseils et pour leurs oreilles. Je remercie Jacqueline Vaissière pour ses conseils et sa disponibilité. Je remercie Sophie Manus pour la traduction du swahili du rapport de l’Officier culturel de Kondoa. Je remercie Ewen Macmillan pour son hospitalité chaleureuse et répétée à Londres. Je remercie mes amis à Paris qui ont tant fait pour me rendre la vie agréable pendant ce travail. Je remercie Eric Agnesina pour son aide précieuse, matérielle et morale. Et enfin, je ne saurais jamais assez remercier Marie-Françoise Rombi, pour son amitié et pour son infinie patience. -
Ever Closer Union Or Babylonian Discord? the Official-Language Problem in the European Union
Ever Closer Union or Babylonian Discord? The Official-language Problem in the European Union Jan Fidrmuc* Economics and Finance, and CEDI, Brunel University; CEPR, London; and WDI, University of Michigan Victor Ginsburgh** ECARES, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain Shlomo Weber*** CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, USA, and CEPR. June 2007 Abstract Extensive multilingualism is one of the most important and fundamental principles of the European Union. However, a large number of official languages (currently 23) hinders communication and imposes substantial financial and legal costs. We address the merits of multilingualism and formulate an analytical framework to determine the optimal number of official languages in the EU. Using the results of a 2005 Eurobarometer survey of languages in the EU 27, we first derive the sets of languages that minimize aggregate linguistic disenfranchisement of the Union’s citizens for any given number of languages. We then proceed by discussing the political-economy framework and feasibility of a potential linguistic reform in the EU under alternative voting rules. We argue that a six-language regime would be a reasonable intermediate choice: a lower number of official languages results in excessive linguistic disenfranchisement whereas adding further languages increases the costs but brings only limited benefits. We also show that even though a linguistic reform reducing the number of official languages to six is unlikely to gain sufficient support at the present, this may change in the future since young people are more proficient at speaking foreign languages. JEL Codes: D70, O52, Z13. Keywords: Languages, Disenfranchisement, European Union, Linguistic standardization. -
An Analysis of the Verbal Marker Tsa in Luguru
AN ANALYSIS OF THE VERBAL MARKER TSA IN LUGURU Malin Petzell University of Gothenburg This paper deals with a morphosyntactic phenomenon found in the under-described Bantu language Luguru, spoken in central Tanzania: the verbal marker tsa. This marker encodes shared knowledge or shared reference. The meanings conveyed by the marker stretch from ‘at a specific time’ or ‘at that place’ to ‘as we know’, or even ‘for that reason’. In Mkude’s grammatical description of Luguru from 1974, there is a mention of a marker (zaa) signalling what he calls “recollected refer- ence”, which restricts the event to one specific moment in the past; this marker is believed to have developed into today’s tsa. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper explores the verbal marker tsa in the under-described Bantu language Luguru, classified as G35 in Guthrie’s (1967–1971) standard classification (ISO 639-3: ruf).1 Luguru is spoken by 403,602 people in the Morogoro region of central Tanzania (Languages of Tanzania Project 2009) and is the major mother tongue in the region. Swahili is the official language and almost all Luguru speakers are bilingual (Petzell & Khül 2017: 36). Below is a map of the languages of the Morogoro region (Figure 1), in which Luguru is marked with green hexagons. The verbal marker tsa, it will be argued, encodes shared knowledge or shared reference. The meanings conveyed by the marker range from ‘at a specific time’ or ‘at that place’ to ‘as we know’, or even ‘for that reason’. Typically, it is used to express determinate moments in the past.