Problemi Vostokovedenia N 1 2015.Pmd
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Opfer Des Tatarenjochs Oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten Und Die Goldene Horde in Der Darstellung Der Historiographie
Opfer des Tatarenjochs oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten und die Goldene Horde in der Darstellung der Historiographie Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Bernard NIKOLLA am Institut für Geschichte Begutachter: Ass.-Prof. Mag. Dr. phil. Johannes Gießauf Graz, 2021 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. 17.05.2021 Datum, Ort Unterschrift Gendererklärung Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird auf die gleichzeitige Verwendung der Sprachformen männlich, weiblich und divers (m/w/d) verzichtet. Sämtliche Personenbezeichnungen gelten gleichermaßen für alle Geschlechter. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 7 2 Historischer Abriss der Goldenen Horde .......................................................................... 10 2.1 Tschinggis Khan und der Aufstieg des Mongolischen Reiches ..................................... 10 2.2 Der mongolische Vormarsch nach Europa .................................................................... -
Sergiy Kurbatov, Alla Marchenko Diversification of the "Late Soviet
ІДЕОЛОГІЯ І ПОЛІТИКА ИДЕОЛОГИЯ И ПОЛИТИКА IDEOLOGY AND POLITICS Sergiy Kurbatov, Alla Marchenko Diversification of The "Late Soviet": Attitudes to Mikhail Gorbachev in The Mirrors of History Textbooks Abstract. The article deals with representations of Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the USSR, in textbooks on the history of three Post-Soviet countries: Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The personality of Gorbachev is seen in the wider framework of attitudes to the “late Soviet” and its embedding in three histories based on the official discourses. The results of historical textbook analysis show the ambiguity and diversification of these attitudes reflected in three “faces” of Gorbachev changing with the pace of perestroika. It is seen that negative attitudes to the personality of Gorbachev are connected to his representations within the framework of Machiavelist elite theories and general fight for power, with certain manifest or latent nostalgia for the Soviet past. The case of Ukraine is the most in contrast with a positive evaluation of Gorbachev’s personality and activities in comparison to Russia and Belarus. Key words: historical textbook analysis, “late Soviet” period, Post-Soviet representation, attitudes to Mikhail Gorbachev, comparative research. Introduction. Reflections upon the possibilities of creating and reframing the geopolitical configurations in the contemporary world always shed light on previous country unions and associations. A characteristic feature of the Post-Soviet past is a constant search for new political equilibriums which take into account both the closeness of non-Soviet neighbors and relationships with Russia as a main successor of the USSR (especially important for Ukraine and Belarus as two “younger sisters” of neighboring Russia). -
The Problems of Oriental Studies Journal Readers
ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ THE PROBLEMS ÂÎÑÒÎÊÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß OF ORIENTAL STUDIES غðèºò ìºñüºëºëºðå ¹ 1 (67) Íàó÷íûé æóðíàë Journal of the Humanities, (ãóìàíèòàðíîãî, ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî Socioeconomic, Political è ïîëèòèêî-ïðàâîâîãî íàïðàâëåíèé) and Legal Studies Èçäàåòñÿ ñ ôåâðàëÿ 1995 ã. êàê «ßäêÿð» («Íàñëåäèå»), First published in February 1995 as The Yadkyar (The Heritage), ñ ñåíòÿáðÿ 2008 ã. ñîâðåìåííîå íàçâàíèå. since September 2008 under the present title. Âûõîäèò 1 ðàç â êâàðòàë Published quartely Ó÷ðåäèòåëè: Founders: Àêàäåìèÿ íàóê Academy of Sciences of the Republic Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòîñòàí (Óôà) of Bashkortostan (Ufa) Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò Bashkir State University (Ufa) (Óôà) Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò University (Ufa) èì. Ì. Àêìóëëû (Óôà) Ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð: Editor-in-Chief: Èøìóõàìåò Ãèëüìóòäèíîâè÷ Ishmukhamet G. Galyautdinov, Prof. Dr.Sc. Ãàëÿóòäèíîâ, äîêòîð ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, (Philology), Associate Member of the Academy of ïðîôåññîð, ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÀÍ ÐÁ Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan Îòâåòñòâåííûé ðåäàêòîð: Executive Editor: Ìèíèãóëü Ãàëèåâíà Âàëååâà Minigul G. Valeyeva © ÃÁÍÓ «Àêàäåìèÿ íàóê Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòîñòàí» © ÃÀÓ ÐÁ ÍÈÊ «Áàøêèðñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ» © Ðåäàêöèÿ æóðíàëà «Ïðîáëåìû âîñòîêîâåäåíèÿ», 2015 Ïîëíîòåêñòîâàÿ âåðñèÿ âûïóñêà ðàçìåùåíà â Íàó÷íîé ýëåêòðîííîé áèáëèîòåêå (ÍÝÁ) www.elibrary. ru Èçäàíèå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî â Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé áàçå äàííûõ Ulrichs Periodicals Directory àìåðèêàíñêîãî èçäàòåëüñòâà Bowker. Æóðíàë çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí â Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáå ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå ñâÿçè, èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé è ìàññîâûõ êîììóíèêàöèé. Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî î ðåãèñòðàöèè ÏÈ ¹ ÔÑ7744557 îò 8 àïðåëÿ 2011 ãîäà. Ïîäïèñíîé èíäåêñ â êàòàëîãå «Ïî÷òà Ðîññèè» 10347. Ïîäðîáíîñòè íà ñàéòå: www.pvanrb.ru 2 Ðåäàêöèîííûé ñîâåò Editorial Council Ì.À. Àþïîâ, äîêòîð ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, Ìansur À. Ayupov, Prof. Dr.Sc. (Political Science), Associate ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÀÍ ÐÁ (ïðåäñåäàòåëü; Óôà) Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan as Chairman (Ufa) Ð.Ì. -
Bashkirs in the Research of Si Rudenko
BASHKIRS IN THE RESEARCH OF S.I. RUDENKO: ON THE INTERPRETATION OF SOME ISSUES Section 5.History https://doi.org/10.29013/ESR-19-11.12-21-24 Suleimanova Rima Nugamanovna, doctor of historical sciences, assistant professor, head of department of the recent history of Bashkortostan Institute of history, language and literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Federal research Centre E-mail: [email protected] BASHKIRS IN THE RESEARCH OF S.I. RUDENKO: ON THE INTERPRETATION OF SOME ISSUES Abstract. Based on the materials collected during trips to the Bashkir region, the famous Rus- sian scientist S. I. Rudenko wrote the scientific work “Bashkirs: The experience of an ethnological monograph”, in which he considered many important questions of the history and culture of bashkirs. Staying on the family and domestic aspects of the life of the people, he showed the position of women in traditional society. What was the interpretation of this issue by scientists, we consider in the article. Keywords: the bashkirs, the traditional society, study, the scientist, woman, standing. In Russian history, the position of women in the 1925. When studying the life and family life of the family and society, the distribution of duties and people, scientists were given their own interpretation roles of men and women in the family and household of the issue of the status of women among the bash- sphere, were regularly subjected to changes and be- kirs. Showing their rather high status in a traditional came generally recognized traditions. In this regard, society, he noted that he was diminished as society the status of a bashkir woman in traditional society, developed, from one stage to another in the history which underwent dramatic changes in the XX cen- of the people, and the situation became unequal. -
Диссертация / Dissertation
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет На правах рукописи Куталмыш София Леонидовна ФОНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА И ЕГО РАЗНОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПИСЬМЕННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ Научная специальность 10.02.22 — Языки народов зарубежных стран Европы, Азии, Африки, аборигенов Америки и Австралии (тюркские языки) Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук Научный руководитель: доктор филологических наук, доцент А.С. Аврутина Санкт-Петербург 2021 2 Оглавление ВВЕДЕНИЕ ............................................................................................................ 3 ГЛАВА 1. ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ВОПРОСА ............................................... 13 ГЛАВА 2. ФОНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА ...... 26 ГЛАВА 3. ПРИЕМЫ ПЕРЕДАЧИ КАЗАХСКИХ ФОНЕМ ЗНАКАМИ РАЗНЫХ ПИСЬМЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ ............................................................... 52 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ................................................................................................. 109 СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ................................................................................ 114 Приложение 1. ................................................................................................... 128 Приложение 2. ................................................................................................... 129 Приложение 3. ................................................................................................... 130 Приложение 4. .................................................................................................. -
Full Text (PDF)
IJETSAR (International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches) Vol: 6, Issue: 15, 2021 Aktaş, Ö. (2021). Turks and Mongols in Russian History Textbooks, International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 6(15), 1610-1645. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.327 (ISSN: 2587-0238) Article Type: Review Article TURKS AND MONGOLS IN RUSSIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS Özgür AKTAŞ Associate Professor. Dr., Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey, [email protected] ORCID:0000-0003-4218-9545 Received: 20.02.2021 Accepted: 15.07.2021 Published: 14.08.2021 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the image of the Turks in the sixth grade Russian History textbooks. The sixth grade Russian History and history textbooks are used in the study. This study based on the easily accessible sampling strategy, the following books were examined in the study: Danilov & others (2009) History of Russia, Danilov & Kosulina (2012) History of Russia, Andreyev & Födorov (2016) History of Russia The study is based on the method of document analysis. The textbooks on Russian history are subjected to content analysis. According to the results of the research, Turkish communities in the north of the Black Sea and Huns are described as warrior, while The Khazars and Bulgarians are represented by their commercial activities, cities and religious tolerations. However, the Mongols and the Golden Horde stand out with their negative image and combativeness. The history textbooks state that the Mongols adopt the religion of Islam by mingling with the Turks. Therefore, Mongolian history is described within Turkish history. According to the textbooks, the cities are destroyed, the artisans are killed, and the Russian culture collapse as a result of the Mongol invasion. -
[email protected] Phone: 12 399 96 62 Perspektywy Kultury / Spis Treści / Table of Contents Perspectives on Culture No
No. 31 (4/2020) perspektywy kultury perspectives on culture Czasopismo naukowe Instytutu Kulturoznawstwa Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie Orient. Wczoraj i dziś The Orient. Now and Then Czasopismo naukowe Instytutu Kulturoznawstwa Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie Academic Journal of the Institute of Cultural Studies, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow PISMO RECENZOWANE / PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL Zespół redakcyjny / Editorial Board: dr Łukasz Burkiewicz (redaktor naczelny / Editor-in-chief); dr hab. Leszek Zinkow, dr Paweł Nowakowski (z-ca redaktora naczelnego / Deputy Editor-in-chief); mgr Magdalena Jankosz (sekretarz redakcji / Editorial Assistant); dr Danuta Smołucha (redaktor działu – Przestrzenie cyberkultury, Editor – Areas of Cyberculture); dr Agnieszka Knap-Stefaniuk (redaktor działu – Zarządzanie międzykulturowe / Editor – Cross-cultural Management); dr hab. Bogusława Bodzioch-Bryła (redaktor tematyczny – e-literatura, nowe media / Editor – e-Literature and New Media); dr hab. Andrzej Gielarowski, prof. AIK (redaktor tematyczny – filozoficzne aspekty kultury / Editor – Philosophy of Culture); dr hab. Monika Stankiewicz-Kopeć, prof. AIK (redaktor tematyczny – historia kultury i literatury / Editor – History of Culture and Literature) Rada Naukowa / International Advisory Council: dr hab. Eva Ambrozová (Newton College, Brno); dr Josep Boyra (Escola Universitària Formatic, Barcelona); dr hab. Stanisław Cieślak SJ, prof. AIK (Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie); dr Jarosław Duraj SJ (Ricci Institute, Macau); prof. dr hab. Tomasz Gąsowski (Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie); prof. dr Jakub Gorczyca SJ (Pontificia Università Gregoriana, Rome); prof. dr Marek Inglot SJ (Pontificia Università Gregoriana, Rome); dr Petr Mikuláš PhD (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa, Nitre); prof. dr hab. Henryk Pietras SJ (Pontificia Università Gregoriana, Rome); dr hab. Janusz Smołucha, prof. AIK (Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie); dr Joan Sorribes (Escola Universitària Formatic, Barcelona); Ministerstwodr hab. -
Bachelorproef Een Reis Doorheen Het Middeleeuwse Mongoolse Rijk
PROFESSIONELE BACHELOR IN HET ONDERWIJS SECUNDAIR ONDERWIJS Bachelorproef Een reis doorheen het middeleeuwse Mongoolse Rijk PROMOTOR VINCENT LEENAERTS JOHN AELBRECHT AARDRIJKSKUNDE - GESCHIEDENIS GESCHIEDENIS ACADEMIEJAAR 2017-2018 Voorwoord Deze bachelorproef werd gerealiseerd gedurende het laatste jaar van mijn professionele bachelor secundair onderwijs aan de Hogeschool PXL te Hasselt. Al jarenlang ben ik gefascineerd door computerspelletjes met geschiedkundige inslag. In het spel ‘Age of Empires’ komen verschillende oude volkeren aan bod en daarin werd mijn interesse vooral gewekt door de Mongolen, die worden afgebeeld als een krachtig, militair sterk ruitervolk. Echter mijn kennis over deze beschaving was ontoereikend en daarom heb, bij het kiezen van een onderwerp voor mijn bachelorproef, de kans gegrepen om mij te verdiepen in de Mongolen. Ik was nieuwsgierig naar hoe dit volk zo groots is geworden, of zoals Jambers zou zeggen: ‘WIE ZIJN ZE, WAT DOEN ZE, WAT DRIJFT HEN’. Ik hoop dat mijn leergierigheid over het Mongoolse Rijk, een mooie scriptie heeft opgeleverd, dat zowel op theoretisch als op praktisch vlak een positieve bijdrage zou kunnen leveren voor andere geïnteresseerden, echter was dit nooit mogelijk geweest zonder de hulp van enkele mensen. Een bijzonder woord van dank gericht aan mijn promotor, John Aelbrecht, die dit eindwerk van in de eerste fase in de juiste richting heeft geduwd. Ik kon altijd bij hem terecht voor eventuele vragen en begeleiding. Ook bedankt voor het nalezen en verbeteren van eindwerk. Ook graag een woord van dank aan mijn moeder voor het nalezen en verbeteren van deze bachelorproef, en mijn vader voor het grafisch ontwerpen van de poster. Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord....................................................................................................................................... -
Comparative Advantages and Limitations of Qualitative Strategy of Comparison As Applied to Russian Cases of Perestroika Period’S Representation in History Textbooks
Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 3; 2015 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Comparative Advantages and Limitations of Qualitative Strategy of Comparison as Applied to Russian Cases of Perestroika Period’s Representation in History Textbooks Alexander Ivanovich Gorylev1, Natalia Damirovna Tregubova2 & Sergiy Vladimirovich Kurbatov3 1 Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 2 Saint Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia 3 University of Uppsala (Sweden), Uppsala, Sweden Correspondence: Alexander Ivanovich Gorylev, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 603950, pr. Gagarina, 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. E-mail: pr@unn,ru Received: July 30, 2014 Accepted: September 30, 2014 Online Published: December 30, 2014 doi:10.5539/ass.v11n3p218 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n3p218 Abstract The paper is devoted to the analyses of the results of the comparative research of perestroika period representations in Russian textbooks on history. Research design and research results are discussed in a framework of distinction between qualitative and quantitative strategies of comparison. The basic features of qualitative strategy, its strong and weak points are outlined based on the materials of the research. Three discourses of representation of perestroika period in Russian textbooks are identified. The aim of this paper is to discuss comparative advantages and limitations of qualitative strategy of comparison as applied to our study of perestroika period representations in Russian textbooks on history. Keywords: comparative research, case-oriented strategy, variable-oriented strategy, textbook research, post-Soviet nation-building, “domino principle” discourse, “national-awakening” discourse, “feudal macchiavellism” discourse, perestroika period 1. -
Features of Musical Enlightenment Activity in Russia in the 30-Ies of Xx Century
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC November 2016 Special Edition FEATURES OF MUSICAL ENLIGHTENMENT ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA IN THE 30-IES OF XX CENTURY Natalia V. Egorova Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation Rufina I. Samigullina Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation Ziliya M. Yavgildina Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation ABSTRACT The 30-ies of XX century are the time of a fundamental turning point, which has reflected the complex and contradictory processes in the Russia’s history during the Soviet period. In development of the musical enlightenment, dissemination of knowledge about music to a wider audience, this period was crucial. The study used theoretical methods: analysis of art and pedagogical literature, regulatory documents, education programs and teaching aids on music education; generalization of historical data on the musical and educational institutions’ activities; systematization of the musical ensembles’ repertoire. In the period under study a cultural development policy was enforced, flourishing of amateur performance and festival movement was celebrated, strategy for development of national cultures was defined, network of musical educational institutions was expanded, and professional creative teams were developed. Various forms of musical enlightenment covering wider population were used: organized processions, musical and literary lectures, national art decades, amateur arts festivals, radio broadcasts and others. Significant achievements were made in the development of music in the autonomous republics and regional centers of the Volga Region: first musical ensembles were created, music schools were organized, collections of folk songs were recorded. The system of national general and special music education was established; music lesson as a mandatory one was introduced in the program of general education schools. -
"Вестник АН РБ", 2016. Том 21. №3 (Файл Pdf, 3.53
АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN Í À Ó × Í Û É Æ Ó Ð Í À Ë S C I E N T I F I C J O U R N A L ÂÅÑÒÍÈÊ HERALD АКАДЕМИИ НАУК O F T H E ACA D E MY O F S C I E NC E S РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН O F T H E R E P U B L I C O F B A S H K O R T O S T A N 2016. Том 21.№ 3 (83) 2016. Vol. 21 (3) Издается с 1996 г. 4 раза в год Published quarterly since 1996 Ð Å Ä À Ê Ö È Î Í Í Û É Ñ Î Â Å Ò E D I T O R I A L C O U N C I L È.Ø. Àõàòîâ, ä. ô.-ì.í., ÷ë.-êîðð. ÀÍ ÐÁ (Ôàðãî, ÑØÀ) I.Sh. Akhatov (Fargo, USA) À.À. Áåðëèí, ä.õ.í., àêàä. (Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ) À.À. Berlin (Moscow, Russia) Ñ. Âàíêóèíã, ä-ð ôèëîñîôèè (Øàíõàé, Êèòàé) S. Wanqing (Sanghai, China) Ð. Âèëëåìñ, ä.á.í., àêàä. ÀÍ Ýñòîíèè (Òàðòó) R. Villems (Tartu, Estonia) È. Ãóëèåâ, ä.ã.-ì.í., àêàä. ÍÀÍ Àçåðáàéäæàíà (Áàêó) I. Guliev (Baku, Azerbaijan) Í.À. Ãóìåðîâ, ä.ô.-ì. í. (Âàøèíãòîí, ÑØÀ) N.À. Gumerov (Washington, USA) Ì.Æ. Æóðèíîâ, ä.õ.í., àêàä. ÍÀÍ Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí (Àëìàòû) Ì.Zh. Zhurinov (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan) Ê. Íàíäè, ä-ð ôèëîñîôèè (Ïóíà, Èíäèÿ) Ê. Nandi (Pune, India) Ð.È. -
Pdf Doc/05.Pdf (Accessed: 9.02.2019)
№ 1 (21) ▪ 2020 ▪ April Russian Linguistic Bulletin ISSN 2303-9868 PRINT ISSN 2227-6017 ONLINE Yekaterinburg 2020 RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC BULLETIN ISSN 2313-0288 PRINT ISSN 2411-2968 ONLINE Theoretical and scientific journal. Published 4 times a year. Founder: Sokolova M.V. Editor in chief: Smirnova N.L., PhD Publisher and editorial address: Yekaterinburg, Akademicheskaya St., Bldg. 11A, office 4, 620137, Russian Federation Email: [email protected] Website: www.rulb.org 16+ Publication date 16.04.2020 № 1 (21) 2020 Signed for printing 11.04.2020 April Circulation 100 copies. Price: free. Order # 201950. Printed from the original layout. Printed by "A-Print" typography 620049, Yekaterinburg, Ln. Lobachevskogo, Bldg. 1. Russian Linguistic Bulletin is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal dedicated to the questions of linguistics, which provides an opportunity to publish scientific achievements to graduate students, university professors, persons with a scientific degree, public figures, figures of culture, education and politicians from the CIS countries and around the world. The journal is an open access journal which means that everybody can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles in accordance with CC Licence type: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Certificate number of registration in the Federal Supervision Service in the Sphere of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications: ПИ № ФС 77 – 58339, ЭЛ № ФС 77 – 73011 Editorial board: Rastjagaev A.V. PhD in Philology, Moscow City University (Moscow, Russia) Slozhenikina Ju.V. PhD in Philology, Moscow City University (Moscow, Russia) Shtreker N.Ju. PhD in Pedagogy, PhD in Philology, Kaluga State Pedagogical University (Kaluga, Russia) Levickij A.Je.