Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Children
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Anatomy of Spinal Nerves in the First Turkish Illustrated Anatomy Handwritten Textbook
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace@HKU Childs Nerv Syst DOI 10.1007/s00381-016-3136-9 COVER EDITORIAL Anatomy of spinal nerves in the first Turkish illustrated anatomy handwritten textbook Murat Çetkin1 & Mustafa Orhan1 & İlhan Bahşi1 & Begümhan Turhan2 Received: 26 May 2016 /Accepted: 30 May 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 BTeşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercümânı Kıbale-i Feylesûfan^ is the the book, İtâḳî acknowledges the contributions of the Grand first handwritten anatomy textbook with illustrations written Vizier [4, 7]. in Turkish in 17th century by Şemseddîn-i İtâḳî. BTeşrih^ has Not many textbooks about anatomy existed in the Islamic different meanings such as anatomy, skeleton, and cutting a World and the Ottoman Empire until İtâḳî’sbook[9]. In other corpse into pieces [1]. BTeşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercümânı Kıbale- medical textbooks, anatomy occupies only a few pages in i Feylesûfan ^ means dissection of the body and scholars’ different sections [4]. İtâḳî’s book is a pioneer in its area as birth knowledge [2]. Since this is the first handwritten text- it is written in Turkish, and it is supported with illustrations book in Turkish, it has great importance in the development of [4]. In addition to Turkish, the book contains mostly Arabic medicine in Ottoman Empire. This book was written while and rarely Persian terms as well [4, 6, 7]. Some editions of this Grand Vizier Recep Pasha was in power, and it was dedicated book which was written in the 17th century were reprinted in to the Sultan of that period, Murat the IVth [3, 4]. -
The Anatomy of Spinal Nerves in the “Teşrihü’L-Ebdan Min E’T-Tıb” Written in the Fourteenth Century* XIV
The anatomy of spinal nerves in the “Teşrihü’l-Ebdan Min e’t-Tıb” written in the fourteenth century* XIV. yüzyılda yazılmış olan “Teşrihü’l-Ebdan min e’t-Tıb” adlı eserde spinal sinirlerin anatomisi İlhan Bahşii, Mustafa Orhanii, Murat Çetkiniii iMD, PhD. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8078-7074 iiProf. Dr. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-5718 iiiPhD. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-9005 ABSTRACT Considering that the visual dimension of anatomy cannot be ignored and an anatomy education without the visual part will make a doctor imperfect in their profession, it may be seen that pictorial anatomy books written in previous periods are highly valuable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spinal nerve anatomy included in the work titled Teşrihü’l-Ebdan min e’t-Tıb written in the XIVth century and compare the information at that period to the information of our time. The nervous system was analyzed under a separate title in the book. Firstly, general information was provided about nerves, and then cranial and spinal nerves were described. The author stated in his work that there are two differences between humans and animals as feeling and movement. He stated that the center for feeling and movement is the brain and all nerves converge in the brain. Although there are insufficient or incorrect information in historical books of medicine, such books are highly valuable as they show the scientific progress. -
Mapping Sensory Nerve Communications Between Peripheral Nerve Territories
Clinical Anatomy 27:681–690 (2014) ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION Mapping Sensory Nerve Communications Between Peripheral Nerve Territories 1 2 1* ADIL LADAK, R. SHANE TUBBS, AND ROBERT J. SPINNER 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Orthopedics and Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 2Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama The human cutaneous sensory map has been a work in progress over the past century, depicting sensory territories supplied by both the spinal and cranial nerves. Two critical discoveries, which shaped our understanding of cutaneous innervation, were sensory dermatome overlap between contiguous spinal levels and axial lines across areas where no sensory overlap exists. These concepts define current dermatome maps. We wondered whether the overlap between contiguous sensory territories was even tighter: if neural communications were present in the peripheral nerve territories consistently connecting contiguous spinal levels? A literature search using peer-reviewed articles and established anatomy texts was performed aimed at identifying the presence of communica- tions between sensory nerves in peripheral nerve territories and their relation- ship to areas of adjacent and non-adjacent spinal or cranial nerves and axial lines (lines of discontinuity) in the upper and lower limbs, trunk and perineum, and head and neck regions. Our findings demonstrate the consistent presence of sensory nerve communications between peripheral nerve territories derived from spinal nerves within areas of axial lines in the upper and lower limbs, trunk and perineum, and head and neck. We did not find examples of communications crossing axial lines in the limbs or lines of discontinuity in the face, but did find examples crossing axial lines in the trunk and perineum. -
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Folia Morphol. Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 337–342 Copyright © 2006 Via Medica O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl Identification of greater occipital nerve landmarks for the treatment of occipital neuralgia M. Loukas1, 2, A. El-Sedfy1,3, R.S. Tubbs4, R.G. Louis Jr.1, Ch.T. Wartmann1, B. Curry1, R. Jordan1 1St George’s University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Grenada, West Indies 2Department of Education and Development, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St George’s University, Grenada, West Indies 4Department of Cell Biology and Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA [Received 4 July 2006; Revised 27 September 2006; Accepted 27 September 2006] Important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache include the aponeurotic attachments of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles to the occipital bone. The greater occipital nerve (GON) can become entrapped as it passes through these aponeuroses, causing symptoms of occipital neural- gia. The aim of this study was to identify topographic landmarks for accurate identification of GON, which might facilitate its anaesthetic blockade. The course and distribution of GON and its relation to the aponeuroses of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis were examined in 100 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. In addi- tion, the relative position of the nerve on a horizontal line between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process, as well as between the mastoid processes was measured. The greater occipital nerve was found bilaterally in all specimens. -
General Disease Finder
General Disease Finder This overview will help to fnd neuromuscular disease patterns in the different sections. Addison’s disease: Cushing’s disease: steroid myopathy, general muscle weakness Adrenal dysfunction CN: VII AIDS CMV: polyradiculomyelopathy Herpes zoster: radiculitis Immune Reconstitution Infammatory Syndrome (IRIS) Infections: aspergillus, candida, CMV, cryptococcus, histoplasma, HSV, TBC, toxoplasmosis, varicella Myopathies: infammatory, treatment related Neoplastic: lymphoma (direct nerve and muscle invasion) Neurotoxicity of drug treatment Polyneuropathies: infammatory, immune mediated, treatment related Syphilitic radiculopathy Treatment related: polyneuropathy/myopathy Zidovudine Acute necrotizing myopathy and myoglobinuria Alcohol Chronic proximal weakness Compartment syndromes (prolonged compression) CN: recurrent nerve Hypokalemic paralysis Mononeuropathy—radial nerve (compression) Myoglobinuria Myopathy Optic nerve (methanol and adultered alcohol) Polyneuropathy (distal, rarely proximal, rarely ulcers) Small fber neuropathy Periodic paralysis Aldosteronism Tetanic muscles Amyloidoma (trigeminal root) Amyloid Autonomic involvement Chronic infammatory diseases, rheumatoid diseases, osteomyelitis CN: V, VII, and other CN Deposition of acute phase plasma protein, serum amyloid A Deposition of immunoglobulin light chains in tissue Familial amyloid polyneuropathies Gelsolin type Mononeuropathy: Carpal tunnel syndrome Muscle amyloid—“muscle amyloidosis” Painful neuropathy Polyneuropathy, painful, hearing loss Primary amyloidosis -
Thoracic Wall
Thoracic wall . Region of the body between the neck and abdomen . Flattened in front and behind, but rounded on the sides . The bony framework of the walls is called the thoracic cage, which is formed of: . Vertebral column . Ribs & intercostal spaces . Sternum and costal cartilages Superiorly: It communicates1st rib with the neck through an opening bounded:1 . Posteriorly by 1st thoracic vertebra . Laterally by medial border of the 1st ribs and their costal cartilages . Anteriorly by superior border of manubrium sterni Suprapleural This opening is occupied: membrane . In the midline, by the structures that pass between the neck and the thorax . On either sides, it is closed by a dense suprapleural membrane Suprapleural Membrane . Tent shaped dense fascial sheet that covers the apex of each lung. An extension of the endothoracic fascia . Extends approximately an inch superior to the superior thoracic aperture . It is attached: • The thoracic cage: . Protects the lungs, heart and large vessels . Provides attachment to the muscles of thorax, upper limb, abdomen & back • The cavity of thorax is divided into: • A median partition, the mediastinum • Laterally placed pleurae & lungs Cutaneous Nerves Anterior wall: . Above the level of sternal angle: Supraclavicular nerves . Below the level of sternal angle: Segmental innervation by anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves Posterior wall: . Segmental innervation by posterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves nerves The Intercostal Space Intercostal Space It is the space between two ribs Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces. Each space contains: . Intercostal muscles . Intercostal neurovascular bundle . Lymphatics Intercostal muscles • External Intercostal • Internal Intercostal • Innermost Intercostal Supplied by corresponding intercostal nerves Action: • Tend to pull the ribs nearer to each other . -
The Morphology and Evolution of the Primate Brachial Plexus
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2019 The Morphology and Evolution of the Primate Brachial Plexus Brian M. Shearer The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3070 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMATE BRACHIAL PLEXUS by BRIAN M SHEARER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York. 2019 © 2018 BRIAN M SHEARER All Rights Reserved ii THE MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMATE BRACHIAL PLEXUS By Brian Michael Shearer This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy. William E.H. Harcourt-Smith ________________________ ___________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Jeffrey Maskovsky ________________________ ___________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Christopher Gilbert Jeffrey Laitman Bernard Wood THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT THE MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMATE BRACHIAL PLEXUS By Brian Michael Shearer Advisor: William E. H. Harcourt-Smith Primate evolutionary history is inexorably linked to the evolution of a broad array of locomotor adaptations that have facilitated the clade’s invasion of new niches. -
Omoigui Diffusion Technique of Intercostal Nerve Block
a & hesi C st lin e ic n a l A f R Omoigui et al., J Anesth Clin Res 2013, 4:8 o e l s e a Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical DOI: 10.4172/2155-6148.1000344 a n r r c u h o J ISSN: 2155-6148 Research Research Article Open Access Omoigui Diffusion Technique of Intercostal Nerve Block Sota Omoigui*, Yvone Do and Peter A Adewumi Division of Inflammation and Pain Research,LA Pain Clinic, California, USA Abstract This paper describes the relevant anatomy and rationale behind our Diffusion Technique for intercostal nerve block. Using the Diffusion Technique developed by Omoigui, the left middle and index fingers are placed to stabilize the superior and inferior borders of the rib, at a site proximal to the area of pain. A 3 cm, 25 gauge, short-beveled needle is inserted directly onto the midpoint of the rib and 1-3 ml of local anesthetic solution is injected over the rib. There is no attempt to walk off the lower border of the rib and there is no advancement of the needle into the subcostal groove. There is minimal to no risk of any accidental pleural puncture as compared with the Bonica technique. The Omoigui diffusion technique utilizes the spread and diffusion characteristics of the injected local anesthetic to produce blockade of the cutaneous branches and intercostal nerves. This diffusion technique has showed similar therapeutic results as the standard approach. We include a series of cases that responded successfully to this simple diffusion technique for intercostal nerve block. -
The Intercostobrachial Nerve As a Sensory Donor for Hand Reinnervation in Brachial Plexus Reconstruction Is a Feasible Technique
https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20170073 ARTICLE The intercostobrachial nerve as a sensory donor for hand reinnervation in brachial plexus reconstruction is a feasible technique and may be useful for restoring sensation O uso do nervo intercostobraquial como doador na restauração cirúrgica da sensibilidade da mão em lesões do plexo braquial é uma técnica anatomicamente viável e pode ser útil para a recuperação sensitiva Luciano Foroni1, Mário Gilberto Siqueira1, Roberto Sérgio Martins1, Gabriela Pintar Oliveira2 ABSTRACT Objective: Few donors are available for restoration of sensibility in patients with complete brachial plexus injuries. The objective of our study was to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of using the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) as an axon donor to the lateral cord contribution to the median nerve (LCMN). Methods: Thirty cadavers were dissected. Data of the ICBN and the LCMN were collected, including diameters, branches and distances. Results: The diameters of the ICBN and the LCMN at their point of coaptation were 2.7mm and 3.7mm, respectively. The ICBN originated as a single trunk in 93.3% of the specimens and bifurcated in 73.3%. The distance between the ICBN origin and its point of coaptation to the LCMN was 54mm. All ICBNs had enough extension to reach the LCMN. Conclusion: Transfer of the ICBN to the LCMN is anatomically feasible and may be useful for restoring sensation in patients with complete brachial plexus injuries. Keywords: brachial plexus; intercostal nerves; median nerve; nerve transfer; sensation. RESUMO Objetivo: Poucos doadores estão disponíveis para a restauração da sensibilidade em pacientes com lesões completas do plexo braquial (LCPB). -
Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 275
104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 275 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 275 1 Internal jugular vein 2 Right vagus nerve 3 Thyroid gland 4 Right recurrent laryngeal nerve 5 Brachiocephalic trunk 6 Trachea 7 Bifurcation of trachea 8 Right phrenic nerve 9 Inferior vena cava 10 Diaphragm 11 Left subclavian artery 12 Left common carotid artery 13 Left vagus nerve 14 Aortic arch 15 Esophagus 16 Esophageal plexus 17 Thoracic aorta 18 Left phrenic nerve 19 Pericardium at the central tendon of diaphragm 20 Right pulmonary artery 21 Left pulmonary artery 22 Tracheal lymph nodes 23 Superior tracheobronchial lymph nodes 24 Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes Bronchial tree in situ (ventral aspect). Heart and pericardium have been removed; the bronchi of the bronchopulmonary segments are dissected. 1–10 = numbers of segments (cf. p. 246 and 251). 15 12 22 6 11 5 2 1 14 2 23 1 3 21 3 20 24 4 5 4 17 8 5 6 6 15 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 Relation of aorta, pulmonary trunk, and esophagus to trachea and bronchial tree (schematic drawing). 1–10 = numbers of segments (cf. p. 246 and 251). 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 276 276 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs Mediastinal organs (ventral aspect). The heart with the pericardium has been removed, and the lungs and aortic arch have been slightly reflected to show the vagus nerves and their branches. 1 Supraclavicular nerves 12 Right pulmonary artery 24 Left vagus nerve 2 Right internal jugular vein with ansa cervicalis 13 Right pulmonary veins 25 Left common carotid artery -
Three-Component Model of the Spinal Nerve Branching Pattern, Based on the View of the Lateral Somitic Frontier and Experimental Validation
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.227710; this version posted July 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Three-Component Model of the Spinal Nerve Branching Pattern, based on the View of the Lateral Somitic Frontier and Experimental Validation Shunsaku Homma1*, Takako Shimada1, Ikuo Wada2, Katsuji Kumaki3, Noboru Sato3, and Hiroyuki Yaginuma1 1 Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, 2 Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 JAPAN 3 Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510 JAPAN * Corresponding author: S. Homma, [email protected]. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.227710; this version posted July 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ABSTRACT One of the decisive questions about human gross anatomy is unmatching the adult branching pattern of the spinal nerve to the embryonic lineages of the peripheral target muscles. The two principal branches in the adult anatomy, the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerve, innervate the intrinsic back muscles (epaxial muscles), as well as the body wall and appendicular muscles (hypaxial muscles), respectively. However, progenitors from the dorsomedial myotome develop into the back and proximal body wall muscles (primaxial muscles) within the sclerotome-derived connective tissue environment. -
Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall, Pulmonary Cavities, and Mediastinum
3 Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall, Pulmonary Cavities, and Mediastinum KENNETH P. ROBERTS, PhD AND ANTHONY J. WEINHAUS, PhD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE THORAX BONES OF THE THORACIC WALL MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL NERVES OF THE THORACIC WALL VESSELS OF THE THORACIC WALL THE SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM THE POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM PLEURA AND LUNGS SURFACE ANATOMY SOURCES 1. INTRODUCTION the thorax and its associated muscles, nerves, and vessels are The thorax is the body cavity, surrounded by the bony rib covered in relationship to respiration. The surface anatomical cage, that contains the heart and lungs, the great vessels, the landmarks that designate deeper anatomical structures and sites esophagus and trachea, the thoracic duct, and the autonomic of access and auscultation are reviewed. The goal of this chapter innervation for these structures. The inferior boundary of the is to provide a complete picture of the thorax and its contents, thoracic cavity is the respiratory diaphragm, which separates with detailed anatomy of thoracic structures excluding the heart. the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Superiorly, the thorax A detailed description of cardiac anatomy is the subject of communicates with the root of the neck and the upper extrem- Chapter 4. ity. The wall of the thorax contains the muscles involved with 2. OVERVIEW OF THE THORAX respiration and those connecting the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. The wall of the thorax is responsible for protecting the Anatomically, the thorax is typically divided into compart- contents of the thoracic cavity and for generating the negative ments; there are two bilateral pulmonary cavities; each contains pressure required for respiration.