DOCSLIB.ORG

Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 275

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 275 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 275 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 275 1 Internal jugular vein 2 Right vagus nerve 3 Thyroid gland 4 Right recurrent laryngeal nerve 5 Brachiocephalic trunk 6 Trachea 7 Bifurcation of trachea 8 Right phrenic nerve 9 Inferior vena cava 10 Diaphragm 11 Left subclavian artery 12 Left common carotid artery 13 Left vagus nerve 14 Aortic arch 15 Esophagus 16 Esophageal plexus 17 Thoracic aorta 18 Left phrenic nerve 19 Pericardium at the central tendon of diaphragm 20 Right pulmonary artery 21 Left pulmonary artery 22 Tracheal lymph nodes 23 Superior tracheobronchial lymph nodes 24 Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes Bronchial tree in situ (ventral aspect). Heart and pericardium have been removed; the bronchi of the bronchopulmonary segments are dissected. 1–10 = numbers of segments (cf. p. 246 and 251). 15 12 22 6 11 5 2 1 14 2 23 1 3 21 3 20 24 4 5 4 17 8 5 6 6 15 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 Relation of aorta, pulmonary trunk, and esophagus to trachea and bronchial tree (schematic drawing). 1–10 = numbers of segments (cf. p. 246 and 251). 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 276 276 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs Mediastinal organs (ventral aspect). The heart with the pericardium has been removed, and the lungs and aortic arch have been slightly reflected to show the vagus nerves and their branches. 1 Supraclavicular nerves 12 Right pulmonary artery 24 Left vagus nerve 2 Right internal jugular vein with ansa cervicalis 13 Right pulmonary veins 25 Left common carotid artery 3 Omohyoid muscle 14 Esophagus 26 Aortic arch 4 Right vagus nerve 15 Esophageal plexus 27 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve 5 Clavicle 16 Right phrenic nerve (divided) 28 Bifurcation of trachea 6 Right subclavian artery and recurrent 17 Inferior vena cava 29 Left pulmonary artery laryngeal nerve 18 Pericardium covering the diaphragm 30 Left primary bronchus 7 Right subclavian vein 19 Larynx (thyroid cartilage and cricothyroid muscle) 31 Descending aorta 8 Superior cervical cardiac branch of vagus nerve 20 Thyroid gland 32 Left pulmonary veins 9 Inferior cervical cardiac branch of vagus nerve 21 Left internal jugular vein 33 Branch of left vagus nerve 10 Azygos arch (divided) 22 Esophagus and left recurrent laryngeal nerve 34 Left lung 11 Right lung 23 Trachea 35 Left phrenic nerve (divided) 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 277 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 277 Mediastinal organs (ventral aspect). Heart and distal part of esophagus have been removed to display the vessels and nerves of the posterior mediastinum. 1 Thyroid gland 11 Azygos vein 21 Brachiocephalic trunk 2 Right internal jugular vein 12 Thoracic duct 22 Left vagus nerve 3 Right vagus nerve 13 Posterior intercostal artery and vein 23 Aortic arch 4 Point where right recurrent laryngeal nerve (in front of the vertebral column) 24 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve is branching off the vagus nerve 14 Right phrenic nerve 25 Left bronchial artery 5 Right brachiocephalic vein 15 Inferior vena cava 26 Lymph node 6 Trachea 16 Diaphragm 27 Thoracic aorta 7 Left brachiocephalic vein (reflected) 17 Left vagus nerve 28 Esophageal plexus 8 Esophagus 18 Thyrocervical trunk 29 Left phrenic nerve 9 Right bronchial artery 19 Left subclavian artery 10 Posterior intercostal artery 20 Left common carotid artery 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 278 278 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs Organs of posterior mediastinum (ventral aspect, schematic drawing). Three regions in which the esophagus is narrowed are shown: A = termed upper sphincter (at the level of the cricoid cartilage); Diaphragm and organs of mediastinum (anterior aspect). Heart and lungs have been B = termed middle sphincter (at the removed; the costal margin remains in place. Note the different courses of left and right level of the aortic arch); vagus. C = termed lower sphincter (at the level of the diaphragm). 1 Right subclavian artery 11 Sternal part of diaphragm 23 Superior and inferior lingular bronchi 2 Right recurrent laryngeal nerve 12 Costal part of diaphragm 24 Esophageal plexus of left vagus nerve 3 Right brachiocephalic vein 13 Falciform ligament of liver 25 Descending aorta 4 Superior cervical cardiac nerve 14 Liver (quadrate lobe) 26 Central tendon of diaphragm 5 Inferior cervical cardiac nerves 15 Left common carotid artery covered with pericardium and pulmonary branches 16 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve 27 Left phrenic nerve (divided) 6 Bifurcation of trachea 17 Esophageal branches of left vagus 28 Costal margin 7 Esophagus (thoracic part) nerve and esophagus 29 Liver, left lobe 8 Bronchi of lateral and medial segments 18 Trachea 30 Pharynx of middle lobe 19 Aortic arch 31 Secondary bronchi 9 Esophageal plexus and branches of 20 Left vagus nerve 32 Esophagus (abdominal part) right vagus nerve 21 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve with 33 Diaphragm 10 Inferior vena cava and inferior cardiac nerve 34 Abdominal aorta right phrenic nerve (cut) 22 Left primary bronchus 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 279 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 279 Veins of the posterior wall of thoracic and abdominal cavity (schematic drawing). 1 Right vagus nerve 2 Thyroid gland and trachea 3 Intercostal nerve 4 Aortic arch 5 Azygos vein 6 Posterior intercostal artery 7 Greater splanchnic nerve 8 Diaphragm 9 Liver 10 Proper hepatic artery and hepatic plexus 11 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve 12 Inferior cervical cardiac nerves Organs of posterior mediastinum (anterior aspect). 13 Left vagus nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve 14 Left primary bronchus 15 Thoracic aorta and left vagus nerve 16 Esophagus and esophageal plexus 17 Thoracic duct 18 Spleen 19 Anterior gastric plexus and stomach (divided) 20 Splenic artery and splenic plexus 21 Celiac trunk and celiac plexus 22 Pancreas 23 Ramus communicans 24 Sympathetic trunk and sympathetic ganglion 25 Posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve 26 Right brachiocephalic vein 27 Superior vena cava 28 Ascending lumbar vein 29 Lumbar veins 30 Right external iliac vein 31 Trachea 32 Accessory hemiazygos vein 33 Posterior intercostal veins 34 Hemiazygos vein 35 Inferior vena cava 36 Median sacral vein Inferior segment of posterior mediastinum (anterior aspect). 37 Internal iliac vein 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 280 280 Posterior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs Mediastinal organs (right lateral aspect). Right lung and pleura of right half of the thorax have been removed. 1 Posterior intercostal arteries 7 Esophageal plexus (branches 14 Right phrenic nerve 2 Ganglion of sympathetic trunk of right vagus nerve) 15 Inferior cervical cardiac branches 3 Sympathetic trunk 8 Pulmonary veins of vagus nerve 4 Vessels and nerves of the intercostal space 9 Posterior intercostal vein 16 Aortic arch (from above: posterior intercostal vein and 10 Azygos vein 17 Superior vena cava artery and intercostal nerve) 11 Esophagus 18 Right pulmonary artery 5 Right primary bronchus 12 Greater splanchnic nerve 19 Heart with pericardium 6 Ramus communicans of sympathetic trunk 13 Right vagus nerve 20 Diaphragm 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 281 Posterior and Superior Mediastinum: Mediastinal Organs 281 25 26 27 16 28 13 20 24 29 30 31 32 33 23 Main branches of descending aorta (schematic drawing). 24 24 Organs of posterior and superior mediastinum (left lateral aspect). 1 Subclavian artery 12 Scapula (divided) 23 Posterior intercostal artery and 2 Subclavian vein 13 Posterior intercostal arteries vein and intercostal nerve 3 Clavicle (divided) 14 White ramus communicans of 24 Diaphragm 4 Left vagus nerve sympathetic trunk 25 Common carotid artery 5 First rib (divided) 15 Sympathetic trunk 26 Subclavian artery 6 Left superior intercostal vein 16 Aortic arch 27 Highest intercostal artery 7 Left atrium with pericardium 17 Left vagus nerve and left recurrent 28 Bifurcation of trachea 8 Left phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic laryngeal nerve 29 Celiac trunk artery and vein 18 Left pulmonary artery 30 Renal artery 9 Esophageal plexus (branches derived 19 Left primary bronchus 31 Superior mesenteric artery from left vagus nerve) 20 Thoracic aorta 32 Inferior mesenteric artery 10 Apex of heart with pericardium 21 Pulmonary vein 33 Common iliac artery 11 Brachial plexus 22 Esophagus (thoracic part) 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 282 282 Diaphragm 1 Superior vena cava 2 Right atrium 3 Right ventricle 4 Costal part of diaphragm 5 Costal margin 6 Position of costodiaphragmatic recess 7 Lateral arcuate ligament 8 Medial arcuate ligament 9 Right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm 10 Quadratus lumborum muscle 11 Ascending aorta 12 Pulmonary trunk 13 Left ventricle 14 Pericardium, diaphragm 15 Esophageal hiatus and abdominal part of esophagus (cut) 16 Lumbar part of diaphragm 17 Aortic hiatus 18 Psoas major muscle 19 Lumbar vertebra Diaphragm in situ (anterior aspect). Anterior walls of thoracic and abdominal cavities have been removed. Natural position of the heart above the central tendon on the diaphragm is shown. Changes in the position of the diaphragm and thoracic cage during respiration. Left: lateral aspect; right: anterior aspect. During inspiration the diaphragm moves downwards and the lower part of the thoracic cage expands forward and laterally, causing the costodiaphragmatic recess (R) to enlarge (cf. dotted arrows). 104750_S_265_290_Kap_4:_ 05.01.2010 10:43 Uhr Seite 283 Diaphragm 283 1 Azygos venous arch 2 Right pulmonary artery 3 Superior vena cava 4 Right pulmonary vein 5 Fossa ovalis 6 Hepatic veins 7 Inferior vena cava 8 Right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm 9 Medial arcuate ligament 10 Psoas major muscle 11 Left brachiocephalic vein 12 Terminal crista 13 Right atrium 14 Right auricle 15 Central tendon of diaphragm 16 Esophagus 17 Celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery 18 Aorta 19 Costal part of diaphragm 20 Costal margin 21 Transversus abdominis muscle Diaphragm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scrotal Ultrasound
    Scrotal Ultrasound Bruce R. Gilbert, MD, PhD Associate Clinical Professor of Urology & Reproductive Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Director, Reproductive and Sexual Medicine Smith Institute For Urology North Shore LIJ Health System 1 Developmental Anatomy" Testis and Kidney Hindgut Allantois In the 3-week-old embryo the Primordial primordial germ cells in the wall of germ cells the yolk sac close to the attachment of the allantois migrate along the Heart wall of the hindgut and the dorsal Genital Ridge mesentery into the genital ridge. Yolk Sac Hindgut At 5-weeks the two excretory organs the pronephros and mesonephros systems regress Primordial Pronephric system leaving only the mesonephric duct. germ cells (regressing) Mesonephric The metanephros (adult kidney) system forms from the metanephric (regressing) diverticulum (ureteric bud) and metanephric mass of mesoderm. The ureteric bud develops as a dorsal bud of the mesonephric duct Cloaca near its insertion into the cloaca. Mesonephric Duct Mesonephric Duct Ureteric Bud Ureteric Bud Metanephric system Metanephric system 2 Developmental Anatomy" Wolffian and Mullerian DuctMesonephric Duct Under the influence of SRY, cells in the primitive sex cords differentiate into Sertoli cells forming the testis cords during week 7. Gonads Mesonephros It is at puberty that these testis cords (in Paramesonephric association with germ cells) undergo (Mullerian) Duct canalization into seminiferous tubules. Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct At 7 weeks the indifferent embryo also has two parallel pairs of genital ducts: the Mesonephric (Wolffian) and the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts. Bladder Bladder Mullerian By week 8 the developing fetal testis tubercle produces at least two hormones: Metanephros 1. A glycoprotein (MIS) produced by the Ureter Uterovaginal fetal Sertoli cells (in response to SRY) primordium Rectum which suppresses unilateral development of the Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of ANAMOLOUS ORIGIN of GLUTEAL ARTERIES IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci
    Research Article A STUDY OF ANAMOLOUS ORIGIN OF GLUTEAL ARTERIES IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci. Journal Impact Factor Amudalapalli Siva Narayana1, M. Pramila Padmini2 4.016 1Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Gitam Institute of Medical Sciences Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh, India; 2Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Gitam Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh, India. ABSTRACT Aim: The present study has been taken up to observe the branching pattern of internal iliac artery and its importance for the clinicians in their respective fields. Methodology: 45 pelvic halves were studied from dissected cadavers. The branches of gluteal arteries were traced carefully by separating the connective tissue surrounding the arteries. Result: In 4 cadavers, inferior gluteal artery was given off in the gluteal region, in 1 case it is given off from posterior division of internal iliac artery. In 1 case superior gluteal arose in common with internal pudendal artery. Conclusion: Vascular variations in the gluteal region are important for surgeons and anatomists. Key Words: Internal iliac artery, Gluteal arteries, Pelvic region, Internal pudendal artery INTRODUCTION The tributaries of internal iliac vein along with the main trunk were discarded to visualize the branches of IIA. Con- Each internal iliac artery is about 4 cm long and begins at the nective tissue surrounding the IIA was cleared. Parietal and common iliac bifurcation level with the intervertebral disc visceral branches were traced. Some of the branches of between L5 and S1 vertebrae and anterior to the sacroiliac IIA were traced till their exit from the pelvic cavity and are joint. As it passes downward across the brim of the pelvis it called parietal branches.
    [Show full text]
  • Common and Uncommon Presentation of Fluid Within the Scrotal Spaces
    THIEME E34 Review Common and Uncommon Presentation of Fluid within the Scrotal Spaces Authors V. Patil, S. M. C. Shetty, S. Das Affiliation Radiodiagnosis, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India Key words Abstract gin. US may suggest a specific diagnosis for a ●▶ US wide variety of intrascrotal cystic and fluid ▶ ▼ ● ultrasonography Ultrasonography(US) of the scrotum has been lesions and appropriately guide therapeutic ●▶ fluid demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis of options. The paper reviews the current knowl- ●▶ testis ●▶ scrotum fluid in the scrotal sac. Grayscale US character- edge of ultrasound in conditions with fluid in the izes the lesions as testicular or extratesticular testis and scrotum. The review presents the and, with color Doppler, power Doppler and applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis pulse Doppler, any perfusion can also be assessed. of hydrocele, testicular cysts, epididymal cysts, Cystic or encapsulated fluid collections are rela- spermatoceles, tubular ectasia, hernia and hema- tively common benign lesions that usually pre- toceles. The aim of this paper is to provide a pic- sent as palpable testicular lumps. Most cysts torial review of the common and uncommon arise in the epidydimis, but all anatomical struc- presentation of fluid within the scrotal spaces. tures of the scrotum can be the site of their ori- Introduction images with portions of each testis on the same ▼ image should be ideally acquired in grayscale and Scrotal conditions associated with fluid can be color Doppler modes. The structures within the received 21.01.2015 accepted 29.06.2015 broadly classified as fluid in scrotal sac, testicular scrotal sac are examined to detect extra testicu- cysts, epididymal cysts and inguinoscrotal hernia.
    [Show full text]
  • H21/1 H21/2 H21/3
    H21/1 (1013026) H21/2 (1013281) H21/1 H21/3 (1013282) H21/2 H21/3 (1013026/1013281/1013282) 2 Latin 1 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus articularis 51 Lig. supraspinale superior 52 Lig. sacroiliacum posterius 2 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], corpus vertebrae 53 Lig. sacrococcygeum laterale 3 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus costiformis; 54 Lig. sacrococcygeum posterius superficiale; processus costalis Lig. sacrococcygeum dorsale superficiale 4 Crista iliaca 55 Lig. sacrococcygeum posterius profundum; 5 Spina iliaca anterior superior Lig. sacrococcygeum dorsale profundum 6 Fossa iliaca 56 Foramen ischiadicum minus 7 Articulatio sacroiliaca 57 Canalis obturatorius 8 Spina iliaca anterior inferior 58 Arcus iliopectineus 9 Corpus ossis ilii 59 Lig. lacunare 10 Corpus ossis pubis 60 Lacuna vasorum 11 Fossa acetabuli 61 Lacuna musculorum 12 Spina ischiadica 62 Pars abdominalis aortae; Aorta abdominalis 13 Ramus ossis ischii 63 Vena cava inferior 14 Ramus superior ossis pubis 64 Truncus lumbosacralis 15 Ramus inferior ossis pubis 65 Ductus deferens 16 Discus interpubicus; Fibrocartilago interpubica 66 Arteria iliaca externa 17 Pecten ossis pubis 67 Vena iliaca externa 18 Foramen obturatum 68 M. cremaster 19 Foramina sacralia anteriora 69 Nn. scrotales anteriores 20 Promontorium 70 N. dorsalis penis 21 Ala ossis sacri 71 Glans penis 22 Articulatio lumbosacralis, discus intervertebralis 72 A. dorsalis penis® 23 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus articularis 73 V. dorsalis profunda penis inferior 74 Tunica vaginalis testis 24 Os sacrum; processus articularis superior 75 Epididymis 25 Ala ossis ilii 76 Plexus pampiniformis 26 Crista sacralis medialis 77 M. pyramidalis 27 Limbus acetabuli; Margo acetabuli 78 M. rectus abdominis 28 Foramen ischiadicum majus 79 Vesica urinaria 29 Tuber ischiadicum 80 M.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Dog the Present Volume of Anatomy of the Dog Is Based on the 8Th Edition of the Highly Successful German Text-Atlas of Canine Anatomy
    Klaus-Dieter Budras · Patrick H. McCarthy · Wolfgang Fricke · Renate Richter Anatomy of the Dog The present volume of Anatomy of the Dog is based on the 8th edition of the highly successful German text-atlas of canine anatomy. Anatomy of the Dog – Fully illustrated with color line diagrams, including unique three-dimensional cross-sectional anatomy, together with radiographs and ultrasound scans – Includes topographic and surface anatomy – Tabular appendices of relational and functional anatomy “A region with which I was very familiar from a surgical standpoint thus became more comprehensible. […] Showing the clinical rele- vance of anatomy in such a way is a powerful tool for stimulating students’ interest. […] In addition to putting anatomical structures into clinical perspective, the text provides a brief but effective guide to dissection.” vet vet The Veterinary Record “The present book-atlas offers the students clear illustrative mate- rial and at the same time an abbreviated textbook for anatomical study and for clinical coordinated study of applied anatomy. Therefore, it provides students with an excellent working know- ledge and understanding of the anatomy of the dog. Beyond this the illustrated text will help in reviewing and in the preparation for examinations. For the practising veterinarians, the book-atlas remains a current quick source of reference for anatomical infor- mation on the dog at the preclinical, diagnostic, clinical and surgical levels.” Acta Veterinaria Hungarica with Aaron Horowitz and Rolf Berg Budras (ed.) Budras ISBN 978-3-89993-018-4 9 783899 9301 84 Fifth, revised edition Klaus-Dieter Budras · Patrick H. McCarthy · Wolfgang Fricke · Renate Richter Anatomy of the Dog The present volume of Anatomy of the Dog is based on the 8th edition of the highly successful German text-atlas of canine anatomy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Popliteal Artery and Its Variations with Clinical Applications
    Dissertation on A STUDY OF POPLITEAL ARTERY AND ITS VARIATIONS WITH CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. Submitted in partial fulfillment for M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION BRANCH- XXIII, ANATOMY Upgraded Institute of Anatomy Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai - 600 003 THE TAMILNADU Dr.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI – 600 032 TAMILNADU MAY-2018 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation entitled “A STUDY OF POPLITEAL ARTERY AND ITS VARIATIONS WITH CLINICAL APPLICATIONS” is a bonafide record of the research work done by Dr.N.BAMA, Post graduate student in the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai- 03, in partial fulfillment of the regulations laid down by The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University for the award of M.D. Degree Branch XXIII- Anatomy, under my guidance and supervision during the academic year from 2015-2018. Dr. Sudha Seshayyan,M.B.B.S., M.S., Dr. B. Chezhian, M.B.B.S., M.S., Director & Professor, Associate Professor, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Madras Medical College, Chennai– 600 003. Chennai– 600 003. The Dean, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Govt. General Hospital, Chennai Chennai – 600003. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express exquisite thankfulness and gratitude to my most respected teachers, guides Dr. B. Chezhian, Associate Professor Dr.Sudha Seshayyan, Director and Professor, Institute ofAnatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 3, for their invaluable guidance, persistent support and quest for perfection which has made this dissertation take its present shape. I am thankful to Dr. R. Narayana Babu, M.D., DCH, Dean, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 3 for permitting me to avail the facilities in this college for performing this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance for the Format and Content of the Protocol of Non-Interventional
    PASS information Title Metformin use in renal impairment Protocol version identifier Version 2 Date of last version of 30 October 2013 protocol EU PAS register number Study not registered Active substance A10BA02 metformin Medicinal product Metformin Product reference N/A Procedure number N/A Marketing authorisation 1A Farma, Actavis, Aurobindo, Biochemie, Bluefish, holder(s) Hexal, Mylan, Orifarm, Pfizer, Sandoz, Stada, Teva Joint PASS No Research question and To assess the use and safety of metformin in patients objectives with and without renal insufficiency in current clinical practice in at least two EU Member States. Country(-ies) of study Denmark, United Kingdom Author Christian Fynbo Christiansen, MD, PhD Page 1/214 Marketing authorisation holder(s) Marketing authorisation N/A holder(s) MAH contact person N/A Page 2/214 1. Table of Contents PASS information .......................................................................................................... 1 Marketing authorisation holder(s) .................................................................................... 2 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 3 2. List of abbreviations ................................................................................................... 4 3. Responsible parties .................................................................................................... 5 4. Abstract ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abdominal Muscles. Subinguinal Hiatus and Ingiunal Canal. Femoral and Adductor Canals. Neurovascular System of the Lower Limb
    Abdominal muscles. Subinguinal hiatus and ingiunal canal. Femoral and adductor canals. Neurovascular system of the lower limb. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. External oblique muscle Origin: outer surface of the 5th to 12th ribs Insertion: outer lip of the iliac crest, rectus sheath Action: flexion and rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve Internal oblique muscle Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, intermediate line of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: lower borders of the 10th to 12th ribs, rectus sheath, linea alba Action: flexion and rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T8-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Transversus abdominis muscle Origin: inner surfaces of the 7th to 12th ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, inner lip of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament Insertion: rectus sheath, linea alba, pubic crest Action: rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Rectus abdominis muscle Origin: cartilages of the 5th to 7th ribs, xyphoid process Insertion: between the pubic tubercle and and symphysis Action: flexion of the lumbar spine, active in expiration Innervation: intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12) Subingiunal hiatus - inguinal ligament Subinguinal hiatus Lacuna musculonervosa Lacuna vasorum Lacuna lymphatica Lacuna
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Manual (964.7Kb)
    MD-17 , CONTENTS THE URINARY SYSTEM 4 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 5 The Scrotum The Testis The Epididylnis The Ductus Deferens The Ejaculatory Duct The Seminal Vesicle The Spermatic Cord The Penis The Prostate Gland THE INGUINAL CANAL l) HERNIAS FURTIlER READING 10 MODEL KEY 1I Human Male Pelvis This life-size model shows the viscera and structures which form the urogenital system and some of the related anatomy such as the sig­ moid colon and rectum. The vascular supply to the viscera and support­ ing tissue is demonstrated, as well as that portion of the vascular system which continues into the lower extremity. The model is divided into right and left portions. The right portion shows a midsagittal section of the pelvic structures. The left represents a similar section, but the dissection is deeper. Two pieces are remov­ able on the left side; one piece includes the bladder, prostate, and semi­ nal vesicles, and the other includes the penis, left testicle, and scrotum. When all portions are removed, a deeper view of these structures and a deeper dissection of the pelvis can be seen. THE URINARY SYSTEM The portion of the urinary system shown depicts the ureter from the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra, where it passes the common iliac ar­ tery near the bifurcation of thi s artery into the external and internal iliac arteries. The ureter then passes toward the posterior portion of the bladder, beneath the vas deferens, and opens through the wall of the blad­ der at one cranial corner of the trigone on the bladder's interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Inguinofemoral Area
    Inguinofemoral Area Inguinal Canal Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal in Infants and Children There are readily apparent differences between the inguinal canals of infants and adults. In infants, the canal is short (1 to 1.5 cm), and the internal and external rings are nearly superimposed upon one another. Scarpa's fascia is so well developed that the surgeon may mistake it for the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, resulting in treating a superficial ectopic testicle as an inguinal cryptorchidism. There also may be a layer of fat between the fascia and the aponeurosis. We remind surgeons of the statement of White that the external oblique fascia has not been reached as long as fat is encountered. In a newborn with an indirect inguinal hernia, there is nothing wrong with the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Removal of the sac, therefore, is the only justifiable procedure. However, it is extremely difficult to estimate the weakness of the newborn's posterior inguinal wall by palpation. If a defect is suspected, a few interrupted permanent sutures might be used to perform the repair. Adult Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal The inguinal canal in the adult is an oblique rift in the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It measures approximately 4 cm in length. It is located 2 to 4 cm above the inguinal ligament, between the opening of the external (superficial) and internal (deep) inguinal rings. The boundaries of the inguinal canal are as follows: Anterior: The anterior boundary is the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and, more laterally, the internal oblique muscle.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Spinal Nerves in the First Turkish Illustrated Anatomy Handwritten Textbook
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace@HKU Childs Nerv Syst DOI 10.1007/s00381-016-3136-9 COVER EDITORIAL Anatomy of spinal nerves in the first Turkish illustrated anatomy handwritten textbook Murat Çetkin1 & Mustafa Orhan1 & İlhan Bahşi1 & Begümhan Turhan2 Received: 26 May 2016 /Accepted: 30 May 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 BTeşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercümânı Kıbale-i Feylesûfan^ is the the book, İtâḳî acknowledges the contributions of the Grand first handwritten anatomy textbook with illustrations written Vizier [4, 7]. in Turkish in 17th century by Şemseddîn-i İtâḳî. BTeşrih^ has Not many textbooks about anatomy existed in the Islamic different meanings such as anatomy, skeleton, and cutting a World and the Ottoman Empire until İtâḳî’sbook[9]. In other corpse into pieces [1]. BTeşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercümânı Kıbale- medical textbooks, anatomy occupies only a few pages in i Feylesûfan ^ means dissection of the body and scholars’ different sections [4]. İtâḳî’s book is a pioneer in its area as birth knowledge [2]. Since this is the first handwritten text- it is written in Turkish, and it is supported with illustrations book in Turkish, it has great importance in the development of [4]. In addition to Turkish, the book contains mostly Arabic medicine in Ottoman Empire. This book was written while and rarely Persian terms as well [4, 6, 7]. Some editions of this Grand Vizier Recep Pasha was in power, and it was dedicated book which was written in the 17th century were reprinted in to the Sultan of that period, Murat the IVth [3, 4].
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Venous Drainage of the Common Facial Vein. a Morphologycal Study ORIGINAL
    International INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE 2018 Medical Society SECTION: HUMAN ANATOMY Vol. 11 No. 29 http://imedicalsociety.org ISSN: 1755-7682 doi: 10.3823/2570 Unusual Venous Drainage of the Common Facial Vein. A Morphologycal Study ORIGINAL Sergio Ivan Granados-Torres1, Humberto Ferreira-Arquez2 1 Medicine student sixth Semester, University of Pamplona, Norte de Abstract Santander, Colombia, South America 2 Professor Human Morphology, Medicine Background: Anatomical knowledge of the facial vasculature is cru- Program, University of Pamplona, Morphology Laboratory Coordinator, cial not only for anatomists but also for oral and maxillofacial surgery, University of Pamplona. plastic surgeon, otorhinolaryngologists. Access pathways, pedicled and free flap transfer, and explantation and transplantation of total Contact information: faces are based on the proper assessment and use of the facial veins and arteries. The anatomical variations reported in the present study Ivan Granados-Torres. confirms the need for preoperative vascular imaging for sure good Address: University Campus, Kilometer venous outflow for the free flap survival. 1. Via Bucaramanga. Norte de Santander, Colombia. Suramérica, Pamplona Zip code: Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe a rare anato- 543050 Tel: 573176222213 mical variation of the common facial vein which not been previously described. [email protected] Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 15 males and 2 females, i.e. 34 sides, embal- med adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 33 sides (97 %) of the cases the anterior facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic des- cription.
    [Show full text]