Japon Des Samouraïs Au XXI E Siècle
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JICA-RI Working Paper No.72
An Interdisciplinary Study of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) Political Origins of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers, 1960–1965: Why the State Sends Young Volunteers Abroad Yasunobu Okabe No. 72 March 2014 0 Use and dissemination of this working paper is encouraged; however, the JICA Research Institute requests due acknowledgement and a copy of any publication for which this working paper has provided input. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official positions of either the JICA Research Institute or JICA. JICA Research Institute 10-5 Ichigaya Honmura-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8433 JAPAN TEL: +81-3-3269-3374 FAX: +81-3-3269-2054 Copyright ©2014 Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute All rights reserved. Political Origins of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers, 1960–1965: Why the State Sends Young Volunteers Abroad Yasunobu Okabe * Abstract This paper examines the political origins of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) through the lens of two research questions: (1) Why did the Japanese government undertake the JOCV project in 1965? and (2) Why did the project pursue multifaceted objectives – technical assistance, international friendship, and youth development? These questions are important for two reasons. First, as the country was struggling economically, experiencing domestic turmoil, and vulnerable to international conflict, it is surprising that the government would begin sending young volunteers to developing countries. Second, the JOCV’s objectives are inconsistent with each other, and therefore their coexistence requires further examination. Using a multi-level analysis strategy, we explore international and domestic factors. -
Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia
PROTEST AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Chiavacci, (eds) Grano & Obinger Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia East Democratic in State the and Society Civil Edited by David Chiavacci, Simona Grano, and Julia Obinger Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Between Entanglement and Contention in Post High Growth Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Protest and Social Movements Recent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them. This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents. All theoretical perspectives are welcome. Books in the series typically combine theory with empirical research, dealing with various types of mobilization, from neighborhood groups to revolutions. We especially welcome work that synthesizes or compares different approaches to social movements, such as cultural and structural traditions, micro- and macro-social, economic and ideal, or qualitative and quantitative. Books in the series will be published in English. One goal is to encourage non- native speakers to introduce their work to Anglophone audiences. Another is to maximize accessibility: all books will be available in open access within a year after printed publication. Series Editors Jan Willem Duyvendak is professor of Sociology at the University of Amsterdam. James M. Jasper teaches at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia Between Entanglement and Contention in Post High Growth Edited by David Chiavacci, Simona Grano, and Julia Obinger Amsterdam University Press Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. -
The Evolution of the Role of the Prime Minister's Office in Crisis Legislation
Tomohito Shinoda. Koizumi Diplomacy: Japan's Kantei Approach to Foreign and Defense Affairs. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007. 216 pp. $18.95, paper, ISBN 978-0-295-98699-9. Reviewed by Michael David Published on H-US-Japan (January, 2009) Commissioned by Yone Sugita (Osaka University) This book draws from a wide range of Japa‐ Force (JSDF) units to Iraq in 2004. Chapter 1 pro‐ nese and English language sources to provide a vides necessary background on Japan's traditional detailed picture of the evolution of the role of bottom-up policy process and earlier attempts by Japan's Prime Minister's Office (PMO) in diplomat‐ Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone to change the ic and security affairs. Early on, the author, Tomo‐ bottom-up policy process in the 1980s. Nakasone's hito Shinoda, provides a very useful explanation objective was to promote top-down leadership of the key Japanese term Kantei, which is present and govern as a U.S. president-like prime minis‐ in the title and throughout the book. The literal ter. The commentary on the "Ron-Yasu" relation‐ meaning of Kantei is the prime minister's official ship between President Ronald Reagan and Prime residence. Shinoda compares Japan's Kantei with Minister Nakasone is interesting. However, the the U.S. White House or Britain's 10 Downing primary insights are into how Nakasone used his Street. All three terms infer the broader meaning chief cabinet secretary (CCS) and his assistant, At‐ of the prime minister or president and their re‐ suyuki Sassa, for crisis management. Chapter 1 spective staffs and assistants. -
How Japan's Ministry of Finance Orchestrates Its Own Reformation
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 22, Issue 1 1998 Article 5 Master of Puppets: How Japan’s Ministry of Finance Orchestrates Its Own Reformation Gregory D. Ruback∗ ∗ Copyright c 1998 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Master of Puppets: How Japan’s Ministry of Finance Orchestrates Its Own Reformation Gregory D. Ruback Abstract This Comment analyzes Japan’s effort to create a competitive securities market that is free, transparent, and reliable. Part I describes Japan’s regulatory environment, emphasizing the power and authority of the Ministry and its influence within the Japanese government and over the secu- rities industry. Part II details elements of the Big Bang reforms and describes the current political situation that will influence the effectiveness of the reforms. Part III addresses the probable effec- tiveness of the reforms in the context of Japan’s regulatory structure, past scandals and reforms, and current political environment. Finally, this Comment argues that the Ministry has the ability to control the reformation of the securities industry because of the Ministry’s extensive influence within the government and over the securities industry. In addition, this Comment argues that the reforms initiated by the Japanese government will be ineffective in changing the regulation of the securities industry because the reforms threaten to reduce the Ministry’s authority over the securities industry. MASTER OF PUPPETS: -
Lesson Four______Single Party Governance: Early Benefit and Long-Term Costs
Lesson Four_________________________________________ SINGLE PARTY GOVERNANCE: EARLY BENEFIT AND LONG-TERM COSTS Organizing • What are some distinctive aspects of Japan’s political system? Questions • What have the early benefits and long-term costs of Japan’s political system been? • How does Japan’s political system compare to those of other countries? Introduction On Day One, students answer questions on an anticipation guide prior to viewing a lecture on the Japanese government and politics. During the lecture, students take notes and complete a handout of discussion questions in class and as homework. On Day Two, students review the handout of discussion questions. Then, the teacher assigns each student a Japanese prime minister to research. Students begin their research in class and complete their assignment as homework. On Day Three, students present their assigned prime ministers to the class and discuss their findings. Students then participate in an activity through which they compare and contrast political issues in Japan with issues in other countries. For homework, they create cartoons depicting one of these issues. On Day Four, students display their cartoon strips around the room, observe their classmates’ work, and discuss. Students then revisit their anticipation guide from the beginning of the lesson. Objectives In this lesson, students will • learn about distinctive aspects of Japan’s political system; • analyze the positive and negative aspects of Japan’s political system; • compare and contrast Japan’s political system to those of other countries; • learn about Japan’s prime ministers; and • theorize what Japan’s government should or should not do to make sure it is serving the common good. -
The End of Liberal Democratic Party-Led Politics?: from the Point of View of Political Clientelism and Corruption
The End of Liberal Democratic Party-led Title Politics? : From the Point of View of Political Clientelism and Corruption Author(s) Kawata, Junichi Citation Osaka University Law Review. 58 P.1-P.26 Issue Date 2011-02 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/10854 DOI rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University OSAKA UNIVERSITYOSAKA LAW UNIVERSITY REVIEW No. LAW 58 (February REVIEW No.2011) 58 1-26 (February 2011) 1 The End of Liberal Democratic Party-led Politics? : From the Point of View of Political Clientelism and Corruption Junichi KAWATA* The House of Representative election was held on August 30, 2009 in the midst of falling approval ratings for the Aso Cabinet. The leading opposition Democratic Party of Japan swept to a land-mark victory at the polls, replacing the 10-year-old coalition of the LDP and New Komeito. The LDP lost its status as the largest force in the Lower House for the first time since its inauguration in 1955. The DPJ President, Yukio Hatoyama, was elected Prime Minister on September 16 and he formed a DPJ-led government in coalition with the Social Democratic Party and Kokuminshinto. Hatoyama emphasized his resolve to break away from the convention of overly depending on bureaucrats in governmental decision-making and to break away from the so-called 1955 system in which the LDP’s zokugiin, i.e., political tribes in a specific policy area, had been parasitic with bureaucrats. On the basis of zokugiin politics, we have identified two-tiered clientelism in which LDP’s politicians with their koenkai’s supports have steadfastly endeavored to return public-works projects and to offer grants-in-aid to local industries, contractors, and their constituents. -
LIIIIIIIN- Itthe Fitas IA "(Liv SOCIETY MEDIA BRIEFING
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 292 702 SO 018 615 AUTHOR Krauss, EllisS. TITLE Selecting Japan's New Prime Minister. Prepared as Background for the Liberal Democratic Party PresidentialElections. INSTITUTION ASIA Society, New York, N.Y. PUB DATE Oct 87 NOTE 39p.; Written for the Asia Society Media Relations Program. PUB TYPE Reports -Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Asian History; Asian Studies; Elections; Foreign Countries; Government Role; *International Relations; Political Influences; Political Issues; Political Power; Politics; Social Studies; Social Systems; Voting; World Affairs IDENTIFIERS *Japan ABSTRACT Divided into four major parts, this document explains the significance of the Liberal :)emocratic Party (LDP) in Japan. Part 1 indicates that the LDP has governed Japan since 19b5 and controls 445 seats in the 764 seat parliament. The selection of the prime minister, chosen from within the ruling party, is seen as vital to U.S. interests. For example U.S. - Japanese trade totaled 109 billion dollars in 1986. The last prime minister, Yesuhiro Nakasone, presided over major changes in both politics and Japanese society. The primary concern for the United States is whether the new prime minister can reduce the current tension in U.S.--Japanese relations. Part 2 of the report describes the selection process for the prime ministers by the party members. Part 3 provides profiles of the four candidates and describes the legacy of Nakasone. Part 4 outlines the key issues and implications of the election for the United States. The new prime minister will face several key tasks that include restructuring the economy, stabilizing the yen, and maintaining a base of support. -
Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan Setsuo Miyazawa UC Hastings College of the Law, [email protected]
University of California, Hastings College of the Law UC Hastings Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 2000 Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan Setsuo Miyazawa UC Hastings College of the Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Legal Education Commons Recommended Citation Setsuo Miyazawa, Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan, 1 Asian-Pac. L & Pol'y J. 1 (2000). Available at: http://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/1219 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan Setsuo Miyazawa Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal http: //www. hawaii. edu/aplpj Copyright ©2000 APLPJ Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal I APLPJ 2: 1 Legal Education and the Reproduction of the Elite in Japan Setsuo Miyazawa 1 with 2 Hiroshi Otsuka A Paper Prepared for the Conference on NEW CHALLENGE FOR THE RULE OF LAW, LAWYERS, INTERNATIONALIZATION, AND 3 THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL RULES Acknowledgment: At Kobe University Faculty of Law, Ken'ichi Yoneda, then a lecturer, Keiichi Ageishi, then a doctoral student, and Masashi Kanno, then a master's student, helped the authors in data collection. In Cambridge, Hans Van Der Sande, a JD student at Harvard Law School, edited most of the text and Table 1, and Roy Freed, Esq., edited the conclusion. -
AJISS-Commentary
AJISS-Commentary The Association of Japanese Institutes of Strategic Studies IIPS RIPS Institute for International The Japan Institute of Research Institute for Policy Studies International Affairs Peace and Security (Secretariat) Editor: Akio Watanabe Editorial Board: No.88. 9 April 2010 Masashi Nishihara Naoko Saiki Taizo Yakushiji LEFT BEHIND BY THE REFORM BANDWAGON: OZAWA’S POLITICAL STRATEGY Online Publisher: Yoshiji Nogami President, JIIA Hiroshi Hoshi Ichiro Ozawa is a politician with two faces. He has immersed himself in a power struggle while seeking to reform Japan’s politics, economy and foreign policy. This article traces back Ozawa’s reform ideas and considers the trouble that they are facing now. The views expressed in this piece are the author’s own and should not be attributed to The Association of Japanese Institutes of Strategic Studies. AJISS-Commentary The Association of Japanese Institutes of Strategic Studies Ozawa was born in 1942. After his father’s death, he was first elected as a member of the House of Representatives in 1969. Ozawa aligned himself with Tanaka Kakuei, then a rising star within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), assisting him when Tanaka assumed the premiership in 1972. Tanaka restored diplomatic relations between Japan and China, and led Japan into high economic growth by introducing massive public works projects, as Ozawa described in his book Blueprint for a New Japan. However, Tanaka was forced to resign as prime minister amid his own money scandal and rising public criticism of inflation. He was later arrested in the Lockheed scandal and found guilty of bribery. Tanaka’s protégé Ozawa opposed Tanaka’s maintenance of latent influence over political circles after his arrest. -
Chinatown Was Made up of One Stretch Along Empire Street
THE CENTRAL KINGDOM, CONTINUED GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS PERIOD 1900 It was after foreign soldiers had gunned down hundreds of Chinese (not before, as was reported), that a surge of Boxers laid siege to the foreign legations in Peking (Beijing). A letter from British Methodist missionary Frederick Brown was printed in the New-York Christian Advocate, reporting that his district around Tientsin was being overrun by Boxers. The German Minister to Beijing and at least 231 other foreign civilians, mostly missionaries, lost their lives. An 8-nation expeditionary force lifted the siege. “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY When the Chinese military bombarded the Russians across the Amur River, the Russian military responded by herding thousands of members of the local Chinese population to their deaths in that river. Surprise, the Russians didn’t really want the Chinese around. At about the turn of the century the area of downtown Providence, Rhode Island available to its Chinese population was being narrowed down, by urban renewal projects, to the point that all of Chinatown was made up of one stretch along Empire Street. Surprise, the white people didn’t really want the Chinese around. In this year or the following one, the Quaker schoolhouse near Princeton, New Jersey, virtually abandoned and a ruin, would be torn down. The land on which it stood is now the parking lot of the new school. An American company, Quaker Oats, had obtained hoardings in the vicinity of the white cliffs of Dover, England, for purposes of advertising use. -
English Version 2810Kb
Message from the Chair What’s GEA ? In the latter half of the 20th Century, after the Industrial Revolution, the human In 1991, during the run-up to the “UN Conference on Environment and Development” (UNCED), race has enjoyed material wealth through astonishing developments in science also known as the Earth Summit, it was becoming clear that the Conference’s success depended and technology. At the same time, we have cast little doubt over the lifestyle of on raising the funds necessary to achieve the preservation of the global environment and sustain - mass production, mass consumption and mass discarding, and are now paying able development. In response to a request from UNCED Secretary-General Maurice Strong, an the price of a serious deterioration in the global environment. International Eminent Persons’ Meeting on Financing Global Environment was convened in Tokyo, In the 21st century, we must reflect upon our bad deed in the previous century, bringing together former United States President Jimmy Carter and other persons of key stand - and achieve the “environmental century”, setting a common goal prevent any ing, with former Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita playing the main role in organizing the event. First Chair further deterioration in the global environment, the foundation of human survival, The outcomes of this meeting contributed enormously to the success of the Earth Summit. GEA’s Noboru Takeshita and to build a sustainable future. Otherwise, there is no bright future for our origins stem from this eminent Persons’ Meeting -
Japan's Abe Administration
Research Paper John Nilsson-Wright and Kiichi Fujiwara Asia Programme | September 2015 Japan’s Abe Administration Steering a Course between Pragmatism and Extremism Japan’s Abe Administration: Steering a Course between Pragmatism and Extremism Summary • Sympathetic analysts of Japanese politics highlight Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s moderate and internationalist posture, emphasizing economic recovery and a pragmatic approach to security issues. By contrast, his critics focus on the fear that Abe’s instinctive stance is one of uncompromising conservative nationalism, including historical revisionism. • In his first few months in office, Abe adopted a cautious approach, concentrating on delivering his campaign’s economic promises. However, in late 2013 his visit to the Yasukuni shrine and a cabinet reshuffle hinted at a move towards a more controversial agenda. • The ‘Abe doctrine’, set out in a speech by the prime minister on 18 January 2013, explicitly refers to democratic norms and values, placing Japan in the community of law-abiding democracies and pointing to its similarities with the West, including a commitment to international cooperation and the rule of law. This doctrine is part of an effort to mark China as the odd man out in the international community. • By promoting Japan’s new security legislation to allow a broader interpretation of the country’s right to ‘collective self-defence’, Abe’s government is attempting to convince the public that these reforms are essential to protect Japan. But critics are suspicious that they are a back-door route to more wide-ranging constitutional change and a de facto revision of Japan’s alliance relationship with the United States.