A Study of the Image of Kenora and the Contribution of Parks and Open Spaces to that Image
By Diane P. Ukrainec, B.E.S.
A P¡acticum Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Pa¡tial Fuifillmeni of the Requirements for the degree of
Master of Landscape A¡chitectu¡e
Department of Landscape Architectu¡e University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba
(c) January, 1994 s.v.p. choisir le suiet quì dé{rit le mieux volre |_TTN UM.I CODE DE SUIET B¡bliothèque nalionale E*E ï,*i3'o:o"o du Canada
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rsBN 0-315-98999-8
Canadä
A Studv of the Imaee of Kenora and the Contribution of Parks and Open Spaces to that Image
Submitted by Diane P. Ukrainec, B.E.S., in partial completion of the requirements for the degree Master of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture University of Manitoba, January 1994
This study is dedicated to the PeoPle of Kenora 'As this itudy points out it ís you and your inaoloement uith the natural resources of the area which contribute to the ímage of Kenora' I hazte aluays known that this uas a special community and as I haae grown up and moued away from Kenora, it has become eoident that õther people regard the town with much the same respect' I hãae yet to traoel io a pløce where people haae not heard of or oisiteã Kenora. The town is ø major rest stop for most trattelers moaing ftom one coast of Canøda to the other. And not one person who I hat¡i âsked, did not remember the "pretty town" and its "beautit'ul lake". Kenora has access to some of the best managed forests and the grutest fishing in North America- Sometimes we forget how scarce iuch naiural iesources are becoming, and how lucky ue ate to be Iiting in a relatioely clenn and natural wilderness enoironmenL As the toun continues to grow and the economic enoironment changes, please, take care in maintaining thß special place, Kenora. '
Diane Ukrainec January 1994 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would"like to acknowledte the following people for their tenerous help and guidance in completing this studt. Firstly, I would like to thank my committee for their patience, helpful suggestions and direction in this study. My cómmittee consisted of Professor Charlie Thomsen, who chaired the committee, Professor Carl Nelson, who has been a mentor over my student career in Landscape Architecture, and Mr Jim Thomas, who provided me with much of the background information for the study and a great knowledge and practical experience in the planning strúctures of the town of Kenora. I would especially like to thank piofessor Thomsen for his help and patience throughout the study. To Mr. Mark Duggan, a special thanks for providing me with access to reports and other information which formed ìhe basis for my background research of Kenora. His help was treatly appreciated. To Mrs. Bowiec of the local newspapei and Mr. Rãg iìeeves of the Lake of the Woods Museum, thank-you for your he"lp in acquiring photos of the Kenora area and for próviding me with your insightful knowledge of the history of Kenora. To the Town of Kenora and the recreation committee. thank you to those who partook in the survey and who provided me with actess to maps and other inforrnation on current and future plans for the parks and open spaces of the community. I would like to extend a special thank you to all those who participated."in the study's survey. I greatly appreciate your taking the time to fill out the questionrnires and foigivìng me your views on the image of Kenora and on the parks and Çen spaces of the community- One special person with whom I hãd thé pleasure of speaking was Mrs Whiteman. Thank-you for taking time ãut of your busy schedule to allow me to share in your special memories and anecdotes regarding your life in Kenora. Finally, to my family, thank you for your patience and support throuthout this study and my academic iareer.- FOREWORD
'The generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual is the environmental imate- This image is the product both of immediate sensation and of the memory of past experience, and it is used to interpret information and to tuide action. The need to recognize and pattem our surroundings is so crucial, and has such lont roots in the past, that this image has wide practical and emotional importance to the individual. A clear image enables one to move about easily and quickly. An ordered environment may serve as a broad frame of reference, an organizer of activity or belief or knowledge- A clear image of surroundings is thus a useful basis for individual growth. A good image gives its possessor ân important sense of emotional security.' "The sueet sense of home is strongest when home is not only familiar but distinctbe as uell . " -Kevin Lvnch- The Imase of the Citv- 1960. CONTENTS: Abstract Acknowledgments Foreword Table of Contents
1 úrhoduction: statement of intent, issues, objectives, background studies, definitions, contents, methodology, study struchrre 2 Contexh description of setdement and activity, context map 3 Study Area: scope and limitationt boundary map
PHASEONE: IDENTIFYING THE IMAGE 4 Introduction 5 Field Study : inventory of existing parks and open spaces, facilities and land uses, analysis 6 Field Study Map 7 Historical Resources: written and visual description 8 Historical Resources Map 9 Cultu¡al Resou¡ces : written and visual description 10 Cultural Resources Map li Biophysical Resources: written and visual description 12 Biophysical Resources Map 13 Public Survey and Perceptions : survey questionnaires, results of survey, past studies & comparisons 15 The Image of Kenora identification of the qualities and characteristics which contribute to the image of Kenora 16 Visual Image Map
P}IASE TWO: ENHANCING THE IMAGE OF KENORA AND ITS PARKS AND OPEN SPACES 77 lntroduction 18 Design Process & Planning Principles 19 Recommendations: Obiectives and Actions 27 Reclassification of Parks 22 A - Natunl Open Spaces 23 B - Cultu¡al Heritage Parks 24 C - Rec¡eational / Sports Parks 25 D - Leisu¡e / Social Spaces 26 Conclusion Bibliography App€ndices lollowtry nE ¡rt c¡tctod"! of p't! .nd oFn tF(er wNd! .¡i3t in Erlrting tùLlùd! - Th6¡ tomåly ãnd iñtom¡uy t¡id - pl.nr pl!n. out s¡tc, ¡ú¡8. Thc irutc of ! sp¡cr is thc imprGtion c¡e¡tcd in rhc mind of C') o.ml ¡lont wth rrcÞo*d i26 frcm RRE tion M.stc whi TlL Toqof ¡(Gnm lut h.d D¡ry rn¡dtB clricd our rcvi.win8 tr, cùñt.rdfúì¡Eptåuüngrhu I ( oNrARro lt \ eunuuc t 'IGmd b ¡ Mtur¡l E¡ùcny of uË EAion, lt !¡Lr ñt þ wt3t Þy --./'; hithEy ¡nd n[ñ¡.L tt llntr noñh io roüth vl. w¡lrruyr ând ir ^..t- tr(¿7ñ llnr6 dvtllu¡d@ ¡o w¡¡.t.ftEs .ñd dteyt' ---..- - FloltnMà¿.Tfiæh rh. Xmr C¡r.v.r 196ì. ¿/), , "4,-o /-1 -.- ry,.-2 Conôext Måp of No hwcste¡n Ontâdo â¡l¿l borderg Kmor¡ ¡s r lm¡l roM wirh . popu¡artoñ of ¡ppûiturEty 9$o b{Ç,Ê (1991 2¿ Ceßut. Th. coMunity i5 situatd ln rh. ¡orthßr cûñ ol ß the L¡te ol tlE Woo¿r, withi¡ the North*e.arn rcgion of Onrario, 45{) ¡ñ wrsr ôf ThurÌdd B¡y ¡rd æ5 km. cãst of W¡¡inipeg. TÞ e¡ lica åt the ¡ppüiMbe ñiFr of C¡Ed. å¡o¡¡ß its eùihh bordd, 3'T Tþ " ånd rli8htly northwrsr of rh. mEe of Nonh Âißiø. *-r8 a \o\ z -iW; &af ?ogf^4e ?ln zeoecve Ìù9u)(. Éo ñ (^)lz\ '*Yo\pço GÚ Ø e^ € ¿!,- Ø t.-> T HE W, {'r 'or,Þu o"'K* (l fl á, ,; øfr . d , 'Not o¡ly K6or¡ l¡ñou3 for fithi¡8, ô i! rcltd itr bùt* ¡E ,qrcundcd by crysrâl clcâr w!t6, 65 aù16 of ptlldnê rhorc¡In., ¡nd ,YW 14¡00 iel¡nd3,..,.åll withiñ ¡ fcw hiruÞr of tlE K6or¡,_ (, doMloø wN{',r Onr¡rio Coü¡rry, 'r¡r. of rllc w6dt', 1991. 67%;aa]þ Su< '/^l't¡'l)a//,^ I -/f 'hã p@(l r¿/-"+J7 .(Ss?z Éo '0 Þ o v = û *!ùi fcoNTEXT Cumr¡y, the N'n irdur¡.y for Xtuû i5 pùlp üd p¡pà p,odùctnh. Howcvs, rhc wildtre of rìe .r. po"øi< ir,e riåt þroi"cs ro uc t- ¡¡rvBt.d Þy tùr rr¡ppeß ¡¡d dün¡ûg ¡n¡ered Nny p¡oépcroB wnh ?old lcrcl. Durinß rh. t8€q¡, rm t¡wrìiu. .¡d ric hitt¡ whkh rcrc powrrc{ by w¡t r ¡nd hyd¡o ctRrlic g@r¡d¡g rt¡t¡oN on rhc tlE WiMipcg PJve¡, w.c boilr Þ ft.d thê o¡srru.rion of rh. nilwåy Ëoñ êúrcñ C:Þd¡ b th. wrrL Th. tor6i indurtry hæ F flourilh¿d i¡ ùrc rcgioû c6 riN rtñ Frour h¡¡h wæ ¡ùo bi¡ilr ¡n U th. ¡reâ, þking ¡dv¡nr¡Ec of.ùly w¡ôlf pow€r ¡¡d r¿ir. ÎÊ râil@d, which wú the l!/ dcvctops6r b¡rnginE t¡f. lo ûr forñcl tom of R¡t Pdr¡tc, wú .r oñ. ri@ rhc 3ê.ond t¡!t6t cñployc of thê comhun¡ty bot h¡t riñ(t dedr.5¿d in ihport¡@. Fl Th€ town now ÌEliet h6vi¡y oÀ bûirûr in th. ttSion ed ùorh rh. f.deÊr ùd p@ihci¡l 8ovûtl¡rat' ñn tuíÞr crnp¡oynenL Minint ¡n rh. ¡Gæñ ùr¡ b rrill q!Í. ¡.tiE. E6id. thê åbu¡d¡@ or foGt prcdù.ü. wild d.., ñ!h ¡id wiLu¡f., th. ¡¡Ê¡ ofi6 trhy ûind¡¡ É!oùrc! tûch ù gold, cr.l.opFr, rilvû, ur¡niùûr, t-. d¡olyüd6u!& ¡d¿ rrr.,!.t itû! ÚJ ¡Gmð È lo6t d in th. (tn¡cr oa r Ftæ hünr¡ÀE ¡nd fuiúry .m wilh nùn roq toúirt Elort' ù¡d 6¡l¡¡g c¡ñps tn rh€ ¡¡r¡. I¡ê Þ arùy rùrro$din8 on¡æ .f! , ¡nd ôouritt rr.ort! iÀ th. ñAior a t€rì.!¡t . !ú¡.r¡nri¡l br¡¡¡lr r.d. fo.ü.cdhùn¡ty. z INDUSTRY & TIME LINE t600 Ful T¡¡de t7û r800 Mining Hydro---> Saw mi[_> Railrdad Flou¡ mill I900 Putp ¿nd Pâper MininS supplier LIMITS OF STTIDY AREA (float plane) 8o¡t building Bri* ând conoete '4F, Gove¡nment I -.Æãfì.-"3 I ' :..---'. : Ì I SCOPE & LIMITATIONS Tlre ¿e¡ of ¡tudy tur thir pæitr F¡¡t .oslPrùe d¡ p{blÈ opci l rpr.e', deri8urcd ¡¡d ùdê5i6ut.d, dcvdopcd ¡hd urt.levdop.4 und; U. I ostldhip úd etrhin lh. lirdtt of tì. Toh oú Kerloñ (itr tudi¡t I No@un). Sd¡oo¡ trourdr Nb up . .o6trler¡bh porrioú of rhe opc; +¡e f¿.iliti5 of ¡ strull @t6uiry .¡d wtl .to b. indudêd in-tlE Ì ttudy.u. of L¡¡d cl¡!Ét¡y zocd s rúr¡t wi¡t b. rn ¡uded in lhc ^¡e¡! I op.t¡ rP¡e l¡lrr¡tory.d @tdddld .long wtrh ¡ h.d op6 SETTLEMENT OF KENORA 5påe 6or dddoFneñt or déigûttotr wittúñ . nÊv hi@td¡y ot th. I -Kanoa h¡¡ ¡ong !iæ tÉ ¡ nceting p¡¡Êc ror e¡dy fep¡6, GÚ : the ùi$b ù$d it å5 . o6siñg poinr Ût tlEir n¿vcb, VoyôgoÉ .r¡d 'nE deri8Ètrd'¡nd u¡dcr¡8MrÊd' p¡¡ùr !p.c! .r defi¡ed in !h. olt6 itoppcd iñ the årc¡ b Ër ù€lor€ porr¡gi¡g rhên omè d@d i¡votory of the Kdþn Pub¡t P¡¡tl¡nd s.udy 0989) wiu bê Effi rh. f¡¡¡5 ¡r th. h6d ol thc wimipca Rivs.- io rd rÈ.1¡$i6ed k6rd¡n8 ro ¡ nêw his¡rhy of tp¡(t! io b. I -2) - Flol!re lvl¡d, Thóu¡h ih. K.noã c¡Fwåy. 1961. Gtablìlhcd ln ¡hc pr¡.äcùm. (¡.f6 ro lcft¡iü;E iñd dcr¡g¡ Thc Town of X.noÉ hås ben lotu¡¡y -.---..'- *í¡cd Jæ r88Z how.E, Th. pþiñr w åddËt prcPo*d r.ddÊtopenr p@iÍts 60r rh. úe ¡E of th. *tdclrqr ha b€ên ñpicd in oú fom or ¡norh6 lor q¡riñ8 p.rls ¡nd tutuc delopù.nr of rh. p.r¡tùit¡ wi¡h¡¡ dE B ¡oñË s rhae hÃs b@ g¡m ro hurt i. rh.loct3 ¡nd fish ro c¡nh in the ¡âk6. The årca h¡i tÉcñ inhabircd pcopte3 :1 : .--/ by v¡riour Iìe inEnto¡y ¡rd dppiûg of èdtrihS p.¡l(' üd oFr tp¡cê. wit¡ b. I ùcgiMing with rhê Nåtive /tboriAiùls to úe hôE |!@r Frcßh¡.d b.!.d on inlotution ompilêd ¡r rh. Kcnoñ puÞt¡. p¡¡.t¡nd Snrdy :-.--1 €Âglieh qp¡orcB ¡nd fü¡ F¡d6 ¡nd Mrinuing on ro rhe plvnr o989). hulri-culh¡nl rocicty. The idmtifqtion of ¡n ¡d8d 60r rhê p.¡t wi¡l b. b.scd or Ftm ñ¡r tr¿dc ed e¡¡ly miniry elfoís ro ni¡ls, w¡r6 sw po4r distint 6pircd d¡ra íiþh rioqr øutrlr (È¡ts, Fwioùsty sl¡tiont 6ilro.ds 8nd ûou¡ hj¡¡ prodqtion, úc indusrry of ùc ¡rca . ' .__, Towr of Keno!¡ f¡oû air showing Harbouftont ånd /,/.,' .Dowrltovln AreL o¡ræ IÉ co{rry bþ.huÈ Tñ -., STUDY AREA PHASEONE Introduction This section of the study deals specifically with the identification of the image of Kenora and how the park and open spaces contribute to that imate. It begins with a field study which outlines the existint inventory of parks and open spaces within the town of Kenora study area. Next, an investitation of the various resources including the historical, the cultural and the biophysical environments which contribute to the imate of the community is presented- The public's perceptions of the parks and open spaces of Kenora are also measured through an independent survey and a review of the past studies done on the area. This combined information is summarized and synthesized in order to clarify the image which makes this community distinctive from any other- The application of this knowledge is dealt with in phase two of the study- 5 -(¡efer Ëþut n¡d-Fo¡m: to fouowing Elåp) Diskicts (refer to folowi¡¡8 ¡nâp) donbu ¡nr ol K€ñoa ¿r ¡t <|rc ¡long rhÊ thoÉl¡tu of Kdor. Doñinânt Feàtu¡es¡ D€signâted Parke attd Opcn Spac€s tn 8.v. ¡lE-l¡'ðuI ¡rd tuñ of ¡ colMu¡ily lnflll¿lË thc v¡sü¡l qu¡lity åñd Di5tricls ¡rc foncd Þy both dn mde úd útùal êlctr@ti in ttu The tuin fc¡tu¡e of tlrc iom of Kenoã is thc wât6 of the t¡!. ô{ Âlt $EEuEiS-p h ¡rt toc¡red ¡¡on8 ùe w.rci! cdgê .¡d withtr (n rh. phÞlo¡.ciivlty htth¡n lt, .¡ü thus L !ñ tñporå pårt of th. lãn&.¡pe- Thes br¡tt ¡nd útqlal foñ tqgethcr with cultùñl Thê ¡næ of tll4 600 A.D. -Historic Woodland Indian: TlE_dlicovcry of gold in rhe R.d t¡tc ¡R¡ in 1925 æ ¡g¡in 900 Blackduck Cultr¡.le e5àb¡ish.d KcnoF a3 rhe Éin oÞ! for rhe d¡stribudon or supiuG -Terminal Woodlånd Indian ¡nd r¡nsport¡tion to and Êoh moit no.rhê¡n o¡Múirie i; rhc -deâd buricd ¡n pits & iûll ditEict. Ar a ñin mt6 of indusEy and åctivity rhe in ¡@ Kc¡on ønh rþurds h¡r ¡tthct.d ñ¡ny Sovmmeîl ¡Sen jca sêt up hcâd offi.r. tor rh. lo ¡nl¡.olo8i.¡l n$rd!, tÞ Fgion lioM ¡r KdþE .rd ül p¡i¡ting ^.$rdl¡tl! rurt!ùndlnt rr.t h¡!! bc.¡ th. cürùÊ of hùmn .ctivtly nlcint In r9z the KcñÞ Pulp .nd Pâpcr Mi¡t w¡s büilt. Tlæ rÃiì¡, which it ¡r lù b¡& ù 80O y.¡!r 8.C. B.gin¡¡nA wtth thc Pdco lndi.[ -Assiniboinq Monsonis pr6cñtty opcñlcd by rhe Boiie Cãsc¡dc Compâny, has grcm into Scandinavians -popul¡rio¡ tþwth due ùo r¡ilroåal .ohp¡erionc8gû JGt.s rhc ârtÁ ¡¡n¡d.d tuny sanle¡s who rcrc fmlly d6tined {¡ld rush 089Gr90r) fd thc wcst lo ¡ch¡in in th€ Ker¡oã ¡(ã, rh. Tom hãr dticcd -R¡t Port gc incorporåte.l In¡o lourirb inlìo thê ¡e, mking it ¡ wortd mohcd væatio¡ spot. Ont¡rio O85Ð Toúisñ hã6 b€@me the second I¡rB6t cmployc! in the K€noõ aæ¡. .ffill powç p¡¡nt bdrt on Wimip€S rivs .3t trnch æ chå¡Eed to KsþE (19 - M¡plc t¡af noú ñiu built Ulcainiâns, nr'nu of EwF¡n *tt¡6 Polish, G€rmans ¡ftrr WWI (192G25) -Pulp & Papø ñiu (r9æ) -R.d ¡.¡kc told ru3h: bùth pi¡ob ånd suppliB noM out ol (1925) Nomar D¡m. Kccwâtin Pow€! Co. 191:1. KdDF Fom photo our6y oi bkc or ù. w6¿r Muam. Wtth thc ôbuñdårt! of w!¡cr po{E .nd lh. .8y tr¡úpdΡìion of Greek, Filipino -popúl¡rion h<@F afr6 thc Efway. th. llour hilli¡g i.dusFy mvtd into thc å16 ¡nd lts Malaysian, WWII (4tm) sûbs4qücñl ir'¡uÊE w¡s üE ch¡rye of thê co¡múiv3 ùñe f¡om Rat Porl¡B! þ K.noe It ffi rh¡t the M¡ple lãf Floúr Coñpany -TÉnt<¡n¡d¡ highwáy did no¡ want thc word'nf !5siattd with.it! produci, The .d cohpl.tcd (1960) úm of Katþ-r¡ wås ¡n .cronyh fonEd ftoñ the fi6t lwo l.trc -Touirnb@m of fth of thc fo¡lowi¡E.dÞ6t co|Mu¡iti6: Kecwáti& Nerh¡¡ -Bc¡ver Brã. Hi8hichool tfuill .nd 8Àl Ponâgc. Thi! n.hc ch¡.8. of 1905 fot¡owcd thê -F.4c, or'c bu (1968) ln h Vclendlyc ¡t Lake of the Woods. Foñ plinr b, fublic AEh¡6 ol C¡Èdl ^.tl¡id6. FIISTORICAL RESOURCES LEGEND: EXTENT OF SETTLEMENT AS OF : Ëgtffiå 1880 Ë-H#i[.{ lsoo o src¡uniävr revovanxs Eääär, 1930 I L.-.J I 19óO INDUSTRIAL SITE .+. ¡ç. li:" \w/,õ (. É ÀTORTH $ s{-.^-ll,- Õ t¡ .ii#l--lo f,rrq 'W, FIISTORI ?.UKRAIÑEC . IÞZ I-ANVSCATE AR.CI].ITÉCTUQE , U.Of M. !{$qE l¡ IG.oE ¡'! ¡bt ú (!n86t(ld wlth tourist .nd l¡r8. eL N¡tive AboriSin¡l Cultu¡c coñúnlty .ctlvld6 bul lor thor who cln dlduc ¡ bil of Wh." h. w doæ, th. w¿utiao @ s dthtÁll¿d @ith hís û.dtíon Ußt h¿ ttaßÍoñ¿¿ hiñt.Il into 4 tock to thzt h¿ @rtt þt@ tutud 4t hít vùþ' -Fñh 1lt¿ of rh. woodr LtÊ, l9l, 'ñir colourtu¡ l.8cnd ¡.cûâlcly dffib6 rhê d¡rtl¡ SÈlit roc¡cr ¡¡y in variou pl¡cer o¡ L¡k of rhc woodi, but fcw ¡E stiü rtgârdôi by the Þtiv6 or lod¡, a5 hotdi¡g ¡ po*rtu¡ tpirir th¡t ñurt bê ¡ppeas.d. The rocl whj.h lie' ¡r Dcvit5 cåp wã5 ;@ iuch ¡ !p¡ri{ Gl. Dwi¡3 Aãp war a úhc Eim ro die po¡nt by F.plc of the ¡rca, efeûing to rhc f¡cc-tikc ¡ppc¡r¡n<. of th. bouldc!. The rþck w¡s cventu¡lly p¡intcd by ¡ tourisr who rbougit the rocl r66b¡cd thê f¡e ol ¡ dsvil ¡nd h¡s mincd p!¡nred-to thir d¡y. Origiúly úriv6 of the ¡reå would have pt¡cc¡ oÍcrjngr rndoor lctivity in KmoÞ ir simil¡! to .ny (ohmunity, i¡c¡ùding ôo rhe god or Wendigo !r rhe f@t ol rhe !p¡ri{ ek lo cnrurc ¡ ele w¡tchin8 tcleisio¡, sc¡ting S¡ilboâb dock.d ¡t thc Ha¡bourfront FÉh phob in L¡k ofth. Í/ôo¿r Lilc. CULTURAL RESOURCES 10 LEGEND: f-lprsrnrcrs il FESTTVAL AREAS snonrwc enras ¡ ARCHITECTURE lffil E¡ SCHOOLS ,-'\.----- SKI TR.AILS - ¿ :-t -:-\. .-4 I t'N \- 5lþ'q -J/ h--. , o ) / rÈr¡on¡. \ \J RECREATION @ \ INN r,N TI{E i\(\ (. CONEY BEACH 0' \ ÀTORTH C/\f',# ,'---'rSi' ..\ \'="\-Y d--V t.---. -'-l \r.{ 4* -r-.' -¡ffi;r_;1r," P.UKRAINEC I Z L-AN99CA?É APCH IÍECÍURE , U.OFM 11 VEGETATION WILDLIFE MINERALS &SO[S TIE-æ¡ ol Xæn üé rùin¡y w¡rhin rlÊ BoÉ¡¡ Fost rcdon bur Kñda, ¡r ¡t b@mc ùhcd, w¡r oû(t ¡ tuþ¡ poi¡r po¡r¡Ec of fù Tllc crt¡rc rcBion of Norrhwêlth OnÈrio d6 ont ln rorÈ oErl¡pplnß tp.clé frcñ rhê Cre¡t L¡lefsr. murkñts bcforc thc l9oo r. Fur E¡pp.B o;u iind mu;k!¡r ;bng h¡r bem lffercd by svcñl srágca of tuin¡y dunñÊ dr. f¡wrúcÊ FcFl rglø. Prt*nûy, th. doE¡ln! tpei6 of thÊ r!8ioñ wlth ñôny othq tuFbåring crcatu€ tn the woodr of K6or¡, Thc; El¡d¡rtorl Plcisroee Êd. HoRKr, only rtE dcÑsits or thc làr gt¡ci¡rion, b 'rtBuhg L wlth shercd Elrcl Sprue, Whitc Sprue, Etmãlr lñchdc various epr Tnical soil P¡ofile for Jack Pine For€st List of Domin:nt Plad Specics common ro area Pine/Bird¡/Asp€n Folcst Aspen/AlderÆirch Forcst Plofile of Folest to Lâkcshore plãnt conifer litte¡ cround: bare and Wildtife Bunch berry Herbs: Eunchberly sPcdes v¡nous Ðu!G, D.UtÈrR, 1991_ Wild Lily of the Valley SedSes Te¿berry Lycopodium Common Elueberry Shrubs: Sr€mless R¡spbcrry Bealced Hazel Dewberry låbradorTea Hazel BIOPFIYSICAT RESOURCES 72 LEGEND: _ SURFICIAL FEATI,.IRES - I::::i:i!i:l UNDEVELOPED NATURAL AREAS JIL MARSHLAND nçf$ nocr nlocrs p \ \\ ZlN-ÄIOI¿Tff ut' .50 zoo \ ¡Ç .too 4OA--- -7OÒa - IÞZ LÀN9SCA?E APCH ITECÍURE, U, OF M, ',UKRAINEC 73 n¡ æÀ.!rr d. Ëpo¡g l¡om ¡dulB towlrd! th. på*. s@ hircn" Th..cÀloE lhinix.d of thê d¡ys whcn tlìc tod h¡d few6 prrks The l'¡6ent yorrh of Kdora, ¡tthough esity dirrr¡crcd b)¡ Êoqr porldÊ to æ8!dvr- TtÉ¡r vicß þwùdr thê tom5 ¡ñ9. ¡n (,) r¡l É z (&ô!'EÞtl..ù z o (rlF F¡ Þ ol o t-{ (n SURVEY Il¡ Thc purpor€ of thlc luwcy w¡r rô lnvori8¡te rh. pubttc vrcwt (t) ùowå.ds lhc Town .¡d lts p¡rkl Âr â bãsi! of rùpport for thc ' corì.lusic!ß dnM in th. 6dd .tualy ¡!d úE miew of fE3t 3!¡di6 of z thc p6¡kt ôñd idg. of K.mÞ. Ár ¡ ¡@E ro lnEriS¡riñg th. vt€,! of th€ pùbltc rârioú indlviduål! wcrc r.ldþd ro takc p¡rt tñ thê o 3rrrsy using rhe two mêrhod! of ¡¡tcpicw and questionnåiR Ê{ r€rpoÂsc. ÏhR *p¡Éte qu6tioNiE *rrc pre[ú cd to o6 üE ÚJ Seneõ¡ pub¡ic, th. idiors ãnd thc tþutÀ i.{to¡! of rh. Toh of t¡l Kenorõ. Duc to the liñit of rinc avãit¡blc ro conduct lhe survc, f¡ft6 adultt, ññcRq )@uth ¡nd si¡ !€ñioõ wer. empled. Th@ smp¡c groups wcrc E General Questionnai¡e trl Youth and Seniors Interyiew E Othe! questions asked of Senìors PUBLIC SURVEY !4 & PRESENTSURVEY RESULTS t¡.¡ ØAND STUDY Àt ¡w!æ of ù€ ñ..d to dEù¡t ù. tofr ol th. cþmunitt H Srudié donc ¡n rhc Þ¡sr Ni¡ùy ¡dd¡r's Pút túd! wcÊ oútl¡n.d ln rh. Dlllo¡ Eport iñdieting Gid.¡ti¡l, @ñhêKi¡l .nd lnltiturionll dd.lopment s ¿U dplnd, phi¡. lndust!¡¡l ddclopñênr would ch¿n8€ minihally \ CotMddrl rnd Dublicpublic l¡ciliti6 h¿d ffii.Erdapdi.ñd litdct¡td¿ growrhmúh iniã h -r) tr.ð wNL rourbm ¡croMod¡dont hld lndE*d rlightty (: !ln(t lt70). relldentl¡l h¡d ur h¡d ê¡p.rdcd, püblr. o d d- ^¡lhtrgh 2. :t. rìêú proJ. Z To dclcñiÁc wh¡t ûE publicr vic4 !E in ¡c8a¡ds to rhe lown ¡nd ¡ß ¡!rkr. 3, To dcþminc wh¡r rh. public Frrriv6 ro bc the morr ihtÞrr¡ñt p¡rls ¡nd opcí 3!EG wirhin ir! @lMunjv 4. To dctm¡ne the opo tp¡(. ¡edr ol rÑ 'pubt¡c ù A COMPOSITE OF IMAGES OF KENORA TI-IE IMAGE OF KENORA SIGNIFICANT VIEWS LEGEND: SIGNIFICANT LANDMARKS WILDERNESS I.ANDSCAPE NATURAL LANDSCAPE OFFICE 1.IIA,KE OFTHE WOODS 4" rPOST - d€nse understorey FEATURES 2 LAURENSON CREEK EAST RURAL URBAN CORE B. KENRICIA HOTEL LANDS - sparse vegetation & exposed rock EE MAIORPATH - high points C. INN OF'I,I{E WOODS 3. THË ISLANDS OF NORMAN BAY ËËg SHORELINE mm RECREATION F.A.CILITIES -e- MINOR PATH * D. CN/CP iIAILWAY STATON 4. DOWNTOWN KENORA AND THE HARBOURFRONT NI - åctive wate¡flont areâ src¡unc¡.tqr'i¡¡Þusrnr¡.r ¡.nE¡ ¡ock cuts E. CPR RAILWAY 5. MÀCLEOD PARK THE GOODWILL GEISER AND ffi I rlxpr'renxs ÁS- THE - privately.maintained {i... -beaches F. KENORA RECREATION COMPLEX BACKGROUND LANDSCAPE [Ef nrs¡pp¡mar ÆeA .à vrEws -t .\.r ì t \.-,-... - wetlands G. BOISE CASC,ADE PULP & PAPER MILL t\ìt ' I BRIDGES *\ ¿ J ?:'í .l {J No¡MAN BÃt u 6 ó.{#.ä1 -É 'tÈ, ffi rsr-uo ù' ,e 's t\çiii-êÌi# fii'ousn \,.ìgi¡el\tË', r'm nI \ .INÀNSCANADA HIGHWÁY (Ú roor sRIDCE -- ¡---Ìtrl\/- -./\.\ --./ ! --_ !i#ll#r;,- r) VISUAT IMAGE MAP x.." r-' IAN 9SCA? I AR C[] I 1- E ¿ÎUR E t7 PHASE TWO Introduction Phase one of this study has identified that the natural wilderness landscape is a maior element of the image of Kenora, and that the parks and opens spaces of the community have a key role in expressing this element. The parks and open spaces also express the cultural activity of the people within their natural environment. This next phase of the study will seek to enhance the ability of the parks and other open spaces to express the image of Kenora through their re-organization, restoration and preservation. The design principles which are a part of the process of organizing the parks a;d open spaces of this community are explained in the first section of this phase. The enhancement of the image of Kenora is addressed in a set of recommended objectives and corresponding actions for the future development and manatement of the parklands. As part of the actions to be taken, the reclassification and re-organization of the parks and opens spaces based on their contribution to image is outlined in separate plans for each class. 18 Process of Desigrr. Application of Design Process and Theories to the 'Any existing, functioning urban area has structure and identity, even The final obiective of a visual plan for the parks and open spaces of Community of Kenora measure. if only in weak Almost always, a potentially powerful Kenora is not only to effect the physical shape of the community but In Phase one of this study, the examination of the resources identified itself. image is hidden in the situation as in the palisades of Jersey the quality of the image it presents. Thus, it becomes equally the key elements and characteristics contributing to the perceived its peninsular and its relation improve perceived image Kenora training the City, shape, to Manhattan. A frequent important to the of by image of Kenora. It becomes apparent that the natural setting and reshaping educational programs and âctivities which problem is the sensitive of an already existint observer through other the interaction of its inhabitants with this wilderness landscape is discovering and preserving its images, environment: strong solving its encourage public involvement in their natural environment. the basis for the image of Kenora. The discovery and exploitation of attention, his her experience, perpetual difficulties and, above all, drawing out the structure and Heightening the observer's enriching or the natural resources of the area has led to the use of local materials pres€rving form image the identity latent in the confusion. is one of the values of and of city. in the architecture of the town, the type of industrial development and reshapings an (Paraphrased The Image the published 1960 by The shapings of environment should be guided by from of City, in and economic growth of the community and the kinds of outdoor "visual Lynch Kenora's what might be called a plan" for the city: a set of Kevin and applied to objectives for the town of recreational activities of the people who live in or visit Kenora. An and conhols which parklands. This provided the basis for much of recommendations would be concemed with visual book of this study interaction of a specific biophysical factors which come totether in form on an urban scale.' imageability. ) the area of Kenora along with a diversity of cultural interests are -Kevin LyndL The Image of the Citv.1960. expressed in the parks and open spaces which make an important Refer to Appendix C for a more detailed review of planning and contribution to the image of Kenora. The preparation of a 'visual plan', as suttested by Lynch, is the basis design theories. The parks and open spaces of Kenora are most convenient and for this next phase of the study. The plan which will guide future easily modified as a vehicle for the interpretation and preservation of the development of the parks and open spaces of Kenora builds on the nahrral character and cultural history of the community. This may be analysis of the existing form and public image of the area as outlined achieved by drawing upon the key characteristics and elements of in the field reconnaissance and surveys of phase one of this shrdy. the image that have been identified in phase one of this study. The This analysis concluded with a series of diatrams and comments application of the desitn principles and site planning methods, as illustrating the significant characteristics contributint to the public's explained, in the manatement of the parklands of Kenora will in image of Kenora including the basic visual problems and aid the reinforcement and preservation of the imate the opportunities, the critical image elements and the element of community. The introduction interrelations with their detailed qualities and possibilities for and use of the image as a concephral basis for future development of the parks will establish a method for organizing change- With this analytical background and his own knowledge of the parks into a cohesive system. As well, this process will aid in the design techniques a designer can proc€ed to develop a visual plan for solution of other related issues âs maintenance and the parklands whose objective is to strengthen the public image of such administration of the parks by providing these structures with an the coÍìmunity. organizational scheme for the The visual plan may prescribe the location or preservation of community. In order to heighten the image of Kenora hierarchy of paths and spaces, and the establishment of thematic and facilitate the visual identification of the community units for districts, or the creation or clarification of nodal points. within its parks and open spaces, the isolated elements of paths, edges, nodes Above all, thê plan should deal with the interrelations of elements, districts, ánd lándmarks together with landscape planting and otheÌ site furnishings with their perception in motion, and the conception of the city as a become building blocks process total unified form. in the of adapting the form of the urban environment with its natural and cultural The visual plan may influence the form of physical changes which settint. Since the imate is a two-way process between observer and occu¡ within the city for other reasons. Thus, such a plan should be observed, it is possible to strentthen that image either accomÍtodated within all other aspects of planning for the town, to through symbolic deviies or by reshaping the surroundings. The design become a normal and intetral part of the comprehensive plan for the process, which is based on a set of recommendations community's future development. Like all other parts of by the shrdy, applies a total orchestration of the landscape elements in order to knit together a cohesive comprehensive town plan, the parks and open spaces plan would be system of parks which is consistent with the image of Kenora. under a continuous state of revision and development as the needs of the community change over time- The controls employed to achieve the visual form at city scale may range from general zoning @&u provisions, administrative review, and persuasive influence over €)',l;Ë ' private design, to strict controls at critical points including the design of public facilities. Kevin Lynch, The Image of rhe Grv. 1960. DESIGN PROCESS & PLANNING PRINCIPLES Objective 1 Action 1 To le.orSanizc the manageme¡rt sk¡tegics and reclassify 1.1 Clâssific¡tion System fot Keno¡¡'s Patks ând P¡ths of Conncction o¡ Linkage For &mplc: the p¿tks ¡nd open sp¡c€s acco¡dir8 to thei! Open Spaces Añ ibporl¡ôl p¡rt of thc o€¡¡ìatio. of rp¡<6 ie rhcir ¡¡nlå8c ro onc c!sç4 ûy bc urcd þ rcpllsr thê N¡tur¡l Pårts, ¡norh4. whclhcr ¡t ¡r Edc phys¡.¡lly or viiually. p¡thw¡y rh¡t t own @y rcprcscnt lhcCullúr¡l Hù¡t¡8c P¡rls, conEibution to the imag€ of Ke¡rota, An org¡ñial¡odl 5tructurc i5 reqù¡(d for lhe P¡¡ks ånd oP.n 5P¡G lc¡d3 lþm orc 5p¡cc lo thc @t lorro ¡ phyriol contuct¡on^ bcrwen Yctlôw lorRsc¡tiôn¿l/ Spo.ls Parkt, ¡nd Thc ¡D8. of Kñorâ my b. us.d !r . b¡sit lor Kl¡slry'nt lhc ol Kcrcr¡ th¡r wilì rllow thc dcvclopñcnt o¡ ¡ tuM86cnr systcm lhc lwo sp¡@, Thc oNi5lcnt u*of ¡ p¡G of fùmnurc in a disrinct qÞs rô¡ Lci5urc/ Sod¡l tpâc, ¡nd oFn tprG ol rhê commu¡lty with r€rpc Objective 2 Action 2 Io ¡rsto¡t or rehåbilitÂte e¡bting pårks and open spàces 2.1 Rcèommcndations to be âddressed in â Cultulal Heritage Parks with¡n thc community in order to €nh¡ncc thcir Red€vclopment Plån of K€no¡¡'s P¡rks and Opcn The 8!CÊ!-ùcll ¡rca 5hould be dcvclopcd ¡r å hcnþgc FÞr* ¡E¡, c phFic¡¡ ¡ppeårance ânrl conditlon so as to be consisrent Sp¡ces. zonc¿ ¡s OS 2, for lhc ñgûitior ol rhc formcr 6old rcludion rcrtt wilh thc Imegc ¡ppopriatc to thcL clâssification. pl.n dirc.li¡8 thc fulur( r$lorålion, rcScncr¡r¡on ¡nd ¡n lhc arcr of M¡clcod p¡rk. Sp. ptes€rve park 3.1 RczoninB recommendåtions lo be åccomÌnodåted 1ì. followlng !p. Objective 4 Action 4 To m¡nagement {.1 Recomm€n¿lations fo¡ Man¡Seqrent Pl¡n Nurse.iês: Pl¡ñir us€d ro rcphcc dyi¡6 or infercd pt¡nts Dy bc 4.2 Administ!¡tive stluctur€ cont¡ol thc m¡inlcn¡ncc and of th€ on sitc in l¡l8cr @mmùnity p¡rks Â ß rcquircd i¡ ordcr to cnturc lùe coôlinuoui Ând oñielcnt Srown tuch !r ¡t Âñicinåb. P¡rk, ttructure su TlÉ l¡ndi,tF fümhuÉ tuch ¡5 c!ti¡& pl¡nle.s,3¡8Mge li8ilin8, .dg. !!¡t!l6t.t'd Fùw¡yt found wlthln thc p.rk thoùld lollow rhc.ppropri.rr rtyl€ ¡nd ruterl¡b tEâlmcnl iñdic¿lcd wilhin th¿ A.ñ¡tlþ¡ of lhê cL.rlíc¡lioû SRrq! .ADJÂCEI¡T LAND îE Lndtc¡p. fur!¡thrn8! lound wlthln lh. rlÞ!!-!¡!Llof tlE 'dow¡rlom'¡r!¡ $outd ù!. iÍt¡ls !r'd ltylct wr'th rEflñl th. l¡noorl¡nt fcltùr! of thc €ntlt! ohmunlty, rÙch .t ils lndúttry, ..) e A. 'Á .ATOI¿TH \ 'rw'--^'-\g:- COLF COURSE ZIN \ î-.. "q,.-\$ Ll \ WI .50 200 ".. \ ,t.:, ffi,,- \ "/È/; CLASSIF ICATTON OF PARKS \" '-/- (REFERENCE FOR REVISIONS TO CURRENT ZONING MAP) P,UKRAINE¿ . 192 I.r'.NOSC^?É ARCH ITEC-IUQE , U, ÔF M- p,UKRATNEC - tæz t-ANVgCATe ApCHtTecTuR¿, u.oF M P.uKRAtl\lÉC - tÞ?_ LAN9SC^?€ AeCAtTÉc,TuRE, u.6 f . P,UKRA|ñEC - tÞ2 l-AN9Sc-ArÉ. APCH l]- Ei(]fuRE , U. OF M. P,UKPAI¡JF--C - 1992_ LÁNpSCôrF- . t.t..f t.\ ^PCA\rF..fUeF ENERAL REMARKS: CONCLUSIONS OF THIS STUDY OF THE-STUDY OF IMAGE THE IMAGE OF KENORA dltd¡cl 'A ¡nd hdbl. ?¡viÞnmml not ohly ofift Kurity br¡ ln thÊ introdutrion of rhir srûdy, th. starciìhr ¡¡¡.¡t hciSlitad¡ ot rh. @nr¡iñcd rh. þr.ntl¡l dcpth ¡nd ltrr.ßiry of huñån two p¡rls. Tlìc fì6t ¡ntcn! of rhe study wås to id.nr¡fv the visuà¡ s¡rÊ de8tle, tüc vtty of pro€r sh¿piñg . ciry iaä&; âñd rhc ónr'¡burloñ ôr rhe pärks ;nd opeñT¡rc ¡o rhãr ¡mâSê lo"xP€ri.rÊ.,--.To lmf,rw! lt! l¡tl.tr¡billty ruy lt$lf rh¡rp.n th. lmge, reSrrdtess wùrçh ñ¡t6 rh. rown of Khôr¡ uni.ùc. This w¡s ¡ Appendix A: FIELD STUDY A-1 List of Parks and Open Spaces of Kenora Appendix B: PUBLIC SURVEY AND PAST STUDIES B-1 Questionnai¡es: General, Seniors and Youth B-2 Other Studies B-3 Specific Park Development Plans Appendix C: PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING Appendix A-1 List of Parks and Open Spaces of Kenora Parks and f Cor:¡se (OS) 133.6 acres Anicinabe 100-0 Parks Total A¡ea: 1.4 acres Island (OS) 12.6 Memorial (I2) 0-4 Norman (OS) 11.0 Legion (C2) 0.1 Island (OS) 10.0 acres Library (C2) 0-2 bwn Office (C2) 0.1 Waterf¡ont Parks Total Area: 9.5 acres Shoppers Mall (C2) 0.1 Ha¡bourfront (OS /HZ) 5.0 First Avenue Triangle (R1) 1.0 (C2) Macleod Park ,/ Greenbelt (OS) 3.5 Main Street corner 0-3 Ave. Laund¡omat (HZ) Lookout Park G2) 0-1 and St- Joseph's (I2) ClubÆark Total A¡ea: nla by new clinic O2) Lakeside (R) nal (OS) 3.5 acres Rideout (OS) Open Spaces ßu¡al / Haza¡d la¡rds) vergreen (OS/M2) Laurenson Creek-beside Rec. Centre (SA) (RV Pinec¡est (OS) urenson Creek east /HZ/SA) Norman (OS) Lau¡enson Creek behind Gould road (RV /HZ) Kin Valley Area* (C1) th Avenue-pocket on Laurenson Creek (lIZ) Bush Island (OS) (OS/Rtt) School areas Total A¡ea: n/a Forest north of Minto & Cemetery King George (I1) Beaver Brae adjacent land ßID 40.0 acres Evergreen (I1) Lakewood adjacent land**(RU) Pinecrest (I1) Blueberry Hill-Coney Istand (RU/IZ) Kin Valley (I1) Stoney Mountain & Evergreen hill (RU/M2) (I1) Rideout bay shoreline (OS) Beaver Brae (Il.) Cameron Bay area-Norman (RU /IfZ/OS/Ìl,dz) (RU Aquinus O1) Tunnel Isiand /fIZ) Mount Carmel (I1) Rideout on Winnipeg River (RIÐ of Norman (RU) (Rtr) Sports Facilities Total A¡ea: ¡.la East Entra¡ce on 17 Kenora Recreation Centre (I2) 19-0 acres A & W Ball Diamonds (OS) 4.6 acres Appendix 8-L Questionnai¡es: Genera.l Seniors Youth questionnaile: General questionnaire: interview: following set of questions were given to a trade five class at an The following is a set of questions which was distributed to a select following questions were asked of seniors who had spent a better Elementary school in Kenora. The questionnaire was Siven out tÕ individuals currently living in Kenora. Individuals were chos of their lives in Kenora- The interview took place at the New pupils and questions read aloud in order to ensure a unified based on their knowledge of the communit¡r and the areas of town zons Seniors Centre in Kenora. of the questions asked. which they presen0y live. Members of the business community, reporting and tou¡ism trades were interviewed using 1- What area of Town did you grow up in ? 1- Where neighbourhood or area of town do you live in ? questionnaire. ' Where do you live now ? 2. Where are you favourite places to Play outside ? OccuDation: Aee Sex What areas were your favourite outdoor plac€s as a child to: Number of years living in Kenora:- Neighbourhood: - play in on a regular basis? 3. Draw a map of Kenora on the back of this sheet. - visit occasionally ? -Put a X on the spot where you live- 1. Name those parkó with which you are familiar. -Draw your favourite places to on the map and Play* For example : Neighbourhood Parks, Sports facilities, Community What sorts of outdoor activities did you participate in as a child mark them with a star ( )- Parks, Other open spaces where ? -Draw other places that you have gone to Play on your map- 2- a) What images comes to mind when you think of Kenora's parks What outdoors activities do you participate in currentìy? 4. Where do your Mom and Dad to to play sports or iust to spend some in general ? ( What Impression do you have of the parks ? ) Where do you partake of these activities ? time outside ? b) What parks and features within these parks stand out the mostinyou mind ? When you have guests visiting from out of town, where do you bring 5. If you could build a park in your neighbourhood, what sorts of in order to show them Kenora ? things would you put in it ? 3 . a) What images come in to your mind when you think of the Town of Kenora ? What areas of Kenora do you consider to be most historically b) In a few sentences desaibe the Town of Kenora- nt and why ? c) What makes Kenora unique or different from any other If a heritage park were to b€ built in Kenora, what area of comrnunity ? should it go in ? What types of things would you like to see as of this heritage park ? 4. a) In your opiniorç what are some ways in which the parks of Kenora could be made to better express the distinct character of If a neighbourhood park were to be built in your area, what sorts of Kenora ? would you like to see as part of this park ? b) How could the parks be better identified ? 5. a) Which parks within the Town of Kenora do you consider to be the most important i. to the community ü. to tourism b) How could these parks be rnade more obvious and atkactive for visitors ? Appendix B-2 Past Studies: 1979: M.M. Dillon Ltd. - Kenora Shoreline Development Plan 1989: Keewatin-Aski and Hilderman, Witty, Crosby, Hanna & Associates - Town of Kenora Public Parklands Shrdy 1992: Instih¡te of Envimnmental Research(1985) Inc' - Recreational Master Plan for the Tri-Municipalities of Kenora,Keewatin & JaffraY-Mellick- Shoreline Development plan: Kenora Public parkland "The most Studv; valuable natural asset which the Town of Kenora possesses "The Recreation Master Plan: This study reviewed the recreational needs rnâjority of open spaceãreas(in Kenora) are in is its waterfront- To date, its economic and aesthetic potenáals a natural of the community. According to their evaluation of the existint have condition and many support mature mixed foresl not been ¡ealized." Typically, many of facilities, the area provides an adequate supply of leisure, recreation these parcels have not been -M.M.DiIlorç Kenora plan, developed because of the ruggä terrain Shoreline Development 1929- and bedrock and parks and o¡ren space facilities. The future requirements of the outcropping- The undevetopea parcels are iålort"nt elerrents leisure sector indicated that two baseball diamonds, one rink and one The maþr recommendations conEibuting to the visual character and appeal oi the Towo which came ftom this report centered on of tennis court would meet demands. However the rink and tennis court the Ìyaterfront Kenora..-.The positive image of Kenora has bee¡i il part due to areas of downtown and resulted in the Keno¡a parks-" should only be built if there is a definite demand. The ball diamonds Devetop_ment plan of 1984, designed by Marshall, could be provided internally by lighting an existing field and Macklin,]9*::Í":l Monaghan -Keewatin_Aski and Hilderman, Witty, Crosbf Hanna & Ltd. The report also led tJother íork on the public upgrading another. The current and future recreational facilities southern Associates, Town of Kenon paiklanas Stud¡teg9. shore of the doûntown årea. Some of their other suggestions demand will require a full time prograrruner or director position be were as follows: created- The parks and open space areas require better signage and -shoreline on the west entrance to the towrL near Cameron Bay should This study of the public promotion within a set theme to be seated for the communiÇ. The be acquired f¡om parklands for Kenora focused on the Boise and developed as a ma¡or ,r,u¡*, í""plu." of the existing growth in the seniors sector would require pleasant passive s;ating base, and facilities within the town and investitated heavy equipment kansporiation dock; ::"""t:ythe public areas be created- One of the major recommendations from this study respons€ towards these facilities in regard to adequacy and -the_area of ¡ra.rkland near Cameion Bay shoulá would see the adoption of a consistent become an extension nee$s. Th3 report points out the need for a format for the classification of of Norman and preserved maiagement pian for all ¡nrk as parklãnd; parks and open spaces the parks and open spaces of the area- The study sutgests three levels -.better sig.tìãte within the community the poor should be placed on parþ Norman in particular quality of maintenance "r,à'pr"r"r,i, of parks, 'neighbourhood', 'community', and special open spaces'. A -the shoreline that has led to the párks, disintesration. The at the Norman Hotel lhould be develofu as a marina study_rpcommen.t-< limit on the sizes of these parks is given in order to avoid adding with that many of the undeãignated spaËes that are a boat launch and the islands to the south of this area essential to more spaces that are too small to meet recreational functions and preserved, sustaining the natu¡al cha¡actei of the ãommunity be with no further development allowed; zoned for protection. needs of the community. The study includes definitions of each level the The needs of residents were expressed in - rural areas of Tunnel ishnâ and north of Norman should questionnaire of park, its type and function within the system. The be and interview form and identified the need'for a more protected f¡om developrnent and acknowledgement is made on behalf of the entire parks system for a neighbourhood park facilities and redevelopment and reorganization -the Laurenson Creek should be cleared to improve required maintenance plan and a futu¡e development shategy to boat-' - access, of current sports facilities. Rather than new'farks, docking and a picnic areas put in at the Recreationtentre. it ensure consist and competent development of the parks. The report, was recommended that the existint parks ""tublirhi.,gbe redevelóped. rf their devetopment Fiowever, proposal was on providing major a heritage park and a natural .rn refìects the suggestiors made in the Parklands repott of 1989 which mannal1-::lry-r1ä tac¡liües park ãre s.rggested. and was a direct response to their survey oÈprrUtic specrtrc needs of respondents included: playgrounds recommends that open spaces be defined and desitnated in the needs._The questionnaire results iñdicated that the in Official Pan for Kenora. Parkland dedication policies are suggestd Jrrblic was neighbourhoods, rest areas natural passive aräs, paths, ggq:tally dissatisfied with the and i¡te to ensure requirements çondition adequ;E;aã;t accessibility for seniors, better signate anà marketing, open spa(€ are met by developers. boat l4uncheÞ. parkland. park_facit¡ties, ã ac*r. to ðorr"y sñãilinãããäñú, and Island" and the protection I-auienson general cqnditions within of Creek. the sho.eline parki Theìããitylz Zo) of Map 3 - Recreational Master Plan (future plans) the people surveyed noted a preEreice foì ,natiral] a beautitul Map 2 - Kenora Public pa¡kland Study (proposals) lnstitute of Environmental Research(1985) Inc-, Tri-Municipal Recreational shoreline' with 'clean wate¡ ànd other natural Orr" Keewatin-Aski and Hildermarç Witty, Crosb¡ Master Plan Srud, 1992- 7o.of the respondents "1"-"rrirl. Halna^& Âssociates, Town of !hrl82 did nor want was more'parking Kenora Public Parkla¡ds Srudrlggg- and^.!ATl refuse along the waterfront. Map_ 1. - Shoreline Development pian (proposals) ' M-M.Dilloru Kenora Shoreline Devãopment plar¡ 1ô29. r@û / I I o ¡ooo 2000 SCAL¿ IN FE¿T -, .'',/ ,t' .-Tö r¿nt¿ltt Y.,. ut\d"-,!?)orcà X; , .: l :V .' 'v/t.: 1.'. . ,r', .\\.' . ,.' .\\ ..' z ) .'\\./ \ ,,\\ - r.- ' l.: :-_: Map 1 - Shoreline Development Plan (proposals) M.M.Dllon, Kenora Shoreline Development Plan, 7979 - t =@ { o rooo 2000 I-:}--=! SCAL: IN FE:T Map 2 - Kenora Public Pa¡kland Study (proposals) Keewatin-Aski and Hilderman, Winy, Crcsby, Hanna & Associates, Town of Keno¡a Public Parklands Srudy,1989. t t@+ { o rooo 2000 i-Jr.f--¡ sCÂL- ¡N FEET \ Map 3 - Rec¡eational Master Plan (future plans) lnstitute of Environmental Resea¡ch(l9&5) lnc., Tri-Municipal Recreational Master Plan Study, 1992. Appendix B-3 Specific Park Development Plàas 1960: Recreation Consultants of Ontario Ltd- - Anicinabe park Development PIan 1984: Marshall Macklin Monaghan Ltd- - Kenora Waterfront Development Plan 4e¿4l¡inabe Park plan is worthy of noting because many of the The Waterfront DeveloDment Proiect was also Dresented bv the ideas that were suggested by the original designers, Reãreation designers, Marshall Macklin Monaghan Ltd-, with a heritage or Consultants of Ontario Ltd-, are applicable to the current historicai theme. The history atain was researched and areas were redevelopment of this and other parks in the Kenora area. The identified for their historical significance- The Waterfront was, of oritinal concept for the park was the 'preservation of heritage and course, the main focus of the study and its historical significance the Native culture'. The obiective of the park while preserving the noted- Activities such as fur tr¿ding, steamboat operations, sawmills, natu¡al environment of Kenota was to 'serve tourist demand' and to and the rowing club were all positioned at the waterf¡ont at one time. 'make available an area in which nature education could be carried The 'Argyle' passenger excursion boat was one of many water-oriented on'- The history of Kenora and the Native culture was extensivelv activities which also took place at the downtown waterfront area. researched. As a result, the park was named for and was to be Macleod Park was once the location of a gold reduction works while developed to reflect the original inhabitants of the area, the the recreation Centre was the home to the Rat Portate Lumber Oiibway. Buildings were to take shape similar to Native companv and its fleet of steamboats. The recommended development witwams(winter use), wigiwaman(summer use) and sweat lodges. proposal for the waterfront included historical reference as well as a The park was also subjected to ecological research and as a result, was natural parkland, to be created along the shoreline and used to to become a display and preservation a¡ea of the distinct ecosystem of conceal the large parking areas. Issues such as public access to the the region. The park was divided into three maior zones: a major water, open space areas, increased docking and parking areas, and activity area subiect to intense developmenu a camping area to have the view of the harbour from the west enEance to the town were key a limited numbe¡ of sites and facilities; and a wild[fì preserve or elements in the design. Unfortr:nately, the final design has little to conservation area with trails, lookout, day camp and areas for do with the history of the waterfront in Kenora as suggested by the limited winter sport- The thi¡d area was to rephcè the golf course historical theme. The Harbourfront desitn does solve many practical area whose lease would be terminated. issues and requirements for the downtown parking and docking problem- Funding, along with other factors influenced a resulting plan that is not as extensive as the concept- The golf course area is still under Map 2- Waterf¡ont Development Pla¡r (L984) operation and the threat of its redevelopment is nil- However, the Marshall Macklin Monaghan Ltd-, Kenora Waterfront Development area does have many informal trails surrounding and through it PIan,1984. runways. During the winter months the area is intensely used for coss counEy skiing and tobogganint. The camping area and beach area are cyreltly under redevelopment wit¡ more formal use areas being added and better access encouraged-. No interpretive trails arè existing or planned. Other than the name change few of the original ideas were actually carried through to the final design of Anici¡rabe- Y"p f- Anicinabe (under current redevelopment) From photos taken by D- Ukrainec, 1991. (.¡ óc, 1.'((rù. t(¿) ''{a, )(¿¿.."..,-ti( "'\,b . rûr rtì\Þ-r+- I Fflg LITJJi o * TOWN OF KENORA FIG. 7 WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT PLAN DETAILED SITE PLAN Appendix C Principles of Design and Site Planning The process of site planning seeks to connects the requirements of the Principles of Design and Site Planning These basic principles of site planning have been adapted and community to the distinct features of the landscape while town plarming. The The idea of landscaPe conSruence or the blmding of a city's form with applied to a greater or lesser extent in modem maintaining a sensitivity for the natural ecology of the site- The human sensitivity and aesthetic its natural landscape, is not a new one- Ever since man first chose to cõncepts of ecological common serse, following criteria are investigated during the inventory and analysis the process the design of a place for people. manipulate his surroundings in order to fit his need for a suitable qüality are added to in of the site and its resources. This information becomes the basis for living environment he has followed various sets of rules that Whistler, British Colombia, although mainly a resort cornm¡mity is thè layout of the desitn and a means of identifyint the unique whose plaruring addresses the responded to the landscape and climate in his location. These rules an example of a distinct town qualities of a site and the specific needs of the community. the community while acknowledging the were not formerly organized until the 1400's, by Leon Batista Alberti, functional needs of 1. Context geographic position within the mountains. who based his set of plaruring principles on Pliny's theories of 100 character of its specific 2. Geology and soils distinctive in its locatioru is made unique by 4.D.. These principles of site planning could be applied on a small This community, whìle 3. Topography and drairnge and use local scale to villas, which were the cottage retreat of the Renaissance its architecture of northern European influence of 4. Vegetation and wildlife The design of the resort makes era, or on a larger scale to entire towns. The rules errcouraged the form materials in its lãndscape fumishinç. 5. Microclìmate to accoÍrmodate the main function of the of the cornmunity to respond to the distinct features of its landscape, use of its natural resources 6. Visual and physical survey area- The natural is acknowledged and climate. Such rules or principles of organization were aPPlied in resort as a major ski environmmt 7. Social factors- legal regulations, historic associations its sensitive layout and rural areas of Florence, Italy, fulfilling the needs of the residents and within the form of the community through economic variables taking advantage of the unique surroundings- The general principles use of landscape elements which reinforce the overall image of a the resort at the base of the may be applied to any area and can be surì¡narizd as: mountain community. The location of The synthesis of this information can provide an overall concePt or and ease of access to 1. Gardens should be treated as extensions of the outdoor living mountains allows for natural climatic Protection theme for the development and organization of a design. In the case make use materials such as spaces. Built forms should be strongly linked to the landscape by ski hills. The landscape furnishings of of this shrdy of Kenora, the examination of the resources provides a is proof that form and site architectural extensions. Outdoor spaces should resPond to the wood and rock cut in the ea. Here built basis for the organization of Kenora's and oPen sPaces, which respecÍul of their Parks functional needs of Ère user- can be made compatible with their natural setting, may help to enhance the imate of the community. The aPPlication of The evocation of the sense of place comes f¡om the town's 2. Natu¡al features are to be acknowledged and used in the layout of context. the knowledge acquired in the analysis and synthesis Phase can whi.le accommodatin8 its main the design. A hillside location is preferred for its views, good response to its natural surroundings result in a design that is sensitive in ib structuring and layout to the and reflection drainage and exposure. Proximity to water is imPoftant in moderating funìtions. As exemplified in Whistler, this sensitivity needs of the community and the natural environment of a given the landscape in the form of the community helps to enhance the the micro climate of an area. Unique features should be taken of cornmunity. This process of investigatiory Planr¡ing and design should plaruring can be aPPlied to advantage of in design layout. image. This tJpe of sensitive and informed help to enhance the distinctive qualities of an area. Consistency and 3. Elements of the design should respond to and fit in to the any town. careful design of details such as planting, Pathways, landmarks. topography of fte landscape. Terraces and stairs may be used in order seating, and other site furniture will contribute to the image and to overcome hilly topography. identity of a site- 4. The linkage of spaces and elements in the design are to be addressed using visual and physical axes and avenues . WHISTLER VILLAGE SITE ANALYSIS ]){ æ-' **. (S\ RAINBOW MOUN SPROATI'¡ 1 ,r MOUNTAINÀd ¡ôd v.llcv Tr¡¡k wìíi6fi-eriifl Prc¡l(mìnå.r w¡.ds '. MOUNTA,I N Site Analysis Plan and Image Sketch of Whistler Village in British Columbia F¡om