A Study of the Image of Kenora and the Contribution of Parks and Open Spaces to that Image By Diane P. Ukrainec, B.E.S. A P¡acticum Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Pa¡tial Fuifillmeni of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Landscape A¡chitectu¡e Department of Landscape Architectu¡e University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba (c) January, 1994 s.v.p. choisir le suiet quì dé{rit le mieux volre |_TTN UM.I CODE DE SUIET B¡bliothèque nalionale E*E ï,*i3'o:o"o du Canada Acqu¡sil¡ons and Direction des acquisitions et B¡bliographic Services Branch des serv¡ces bibliographiques 395 We¡linoton SIreel 395, rue Wellington Oflawa, Oñt8rio Onawa (Onlario) K1A ON4 KlA ON4 You hte Vohø télêrc.,ce Ovt hte Nohê télëtencê T}IE AUTHORHAS GRANTED AN L'AUTEUR A ACCORDE UNE LICENCE IRREVOCABLE NON-EXCLUSIVE IRREVOCABLE ET NON EXCLUSIVE LICENCE ALLOWING TITE NATIONAL PERMETTANT A LA BIBLIOTIIEQUE LIBRARY OF CANADA TO NATIONALE DU CANADA DE REPRODUCE, LOAN, DISTRIBUTE OR REPRODUIRE, PRETE& DISTRIBUER SELL COPIES OF HIS/IIER THESIS BY OU VENDRE DES COPIES DE SA ANY MEANS AND IN ANY FORM OR THESE DE QTJELQIIE MANIERE ET FORMAT, MAKING THIS TITESIS SOUS QTJELQUE FORME QIJE CE SOIT AVAILABLE TO INTERESTED POUR METTRE DES E)GMPLAIRES DE PERSONS. CETTE TIÌESE A LA DISPOSITION DES PERSONNE INTERESSEES. TIIE AUTHOR RETAINS OWNERSHIP L'AUTEUR CONSERVE LA PROPRIETE OF THE COPYRIGHT IN HISÆIER DU DROIT D'AUTEUR QUI PROTEGE THESIS. NEITIIER THE TIIESIS NOR SA TI{ESE. NI LA TTIESE M DES SUBSTANTIAL EXTRACTS FROM IT EXTRAITS SUBSTANTIELS DE CELLE- MAYBE PRINTED OR OTHERWISE CI NE DOIVENT ETRE IMPRIMES OU REPRODUCED \ryITTTOUT HISÆ{ER AUTREMENT REPRODUITS SANS SON PERMISSION. AUTORISATION. rsBN 0-315-98999-8 Canadä A Studv of the Imaee of Kenora and the Contribution of Parks and Open Spaces to that Image Submitted by Diane P. Ukrainec, B.E.S., in partial completion of the requirements for the degree Master of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture University of Manitoba, January 1994 This study is dedicated to the PeoPle of Kenora 'As this itudy points out it ís you and your inaoloement uith the natural resources of the area which contribute to the ímage of Kenora' I hazte aluays known that this uas a special community and as I haae grown up and moued away from Kenora, it has become eoident that õther people regard the town with much the same respect' I hãae yet to traoel io a pløce where people haae not heard of or oisiteã Kenora. The town is ø major rest stop for most trattelers moaing ftom one coast of Canøda to the other. And not one person who I hat¡i âsked, did not remember the "pretty town" and its "beautit'ul lake". Kenora has access to some of the best managed forests and the grutest fishing in North America- Sometimes we forget how scarce iuch naiural iesources are becoming, and how lucky ue ate to be Iiting in a relatioely clenn and natural wilderness enoironmenL As the toun continues to grow and the economic enoironment changes, please, take care in maintaining thß special place, Kenora. ' Diane Ukrainec January 1994 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would"like to acknowledte the following people for their tenerous help and guidance in completing this studt. Firstly, I would like to thank my committee for their patience, helpful suggestions and direction in this study. My cómmittee consisted of Professor Charlie Thomsen, who chaired the committee, Professor Carl Nelson, who has been a mentor over my student career in Landscape Architecture, and Mr Jim Thomas, who provided me with much of the background information for the study and a great knowledge and practical experience in the planning strúctures of the town of Kenora. I would especially like to thank piofessor Thomsen for his help and patience throughout the study. To Mr. Mark Duggan, a special thanks for providing me with access to reports and other information which formed ìhe basis for my background research of Kenora. His help was treatly appreciated. To Mrs. Bowiec of the local newspapei and Mr. Rãg iìeeves of the Lake of the Woods Museum, thank-you for your he"lp in acquiring photos of the Kenora area and for próviding me with your insightful knowledge of the history of Kenora. To the Town of Kenora and the recreation committee. thank you to those who partook in the survey and who provided me with actess to maps and other inforrnation on current and future plans for the parks and open spaces of the community. I would like to extend a special thank you to all those who participated."in the study's survey. I greatly appreciate your taking the time to fill out the questionrnires and foigivìng me your views on the image of Kenora and on the parks and Çen spaces of the community- One special person with whom I hãd thé pleasure of speaking was Mrs Whiteman. Thank-you for taking time ãut of your busy schedule to allow me to share in your special memories and anecdotes regarding your life in Kenora. Finally, to my family, thank you for your patience and support throuthout this study and my academic iareer.- FOREWORD 'The generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual is the environmental imate- This image is the product both of immediate sensation and of the memory of past experience, and it is used to interpret information and to tuide action. The need to recognize and pattem our surroundings is so crucial, and has such lont roots in the past, that this image has wide practical and emotional importance to the individual. A clear image enables one to move about easily and quickly. An ordered environment may serve as a broad frame of reference, an organizer of activity or belief or knowledge- A clear image of surroundings is thus a useful basis for individual growth. A good image gives its possessor ân important sense of emotional security.' "The sueet sense of home is strongest when home is not only familiar but distinctbe as uell . " -Kevin Lvnch- The Imase of the Citv- 1960. CONTENTS: Abstract Acknowledgments Foreword Table of Contents 1 úrhoduction: statement of intent, issues, objectives, background studies, definitions, contents, methodology, study struchrre 2 Contexh description of setdement and activity, context map 3 Study Area: scope and limitationt boundary map PHASEONE: IDENTIFYING THE IMAGE 4 Introduction 5 Field Study : inventory of existing parks and open spaces, facilities and land uses, analysis 6 Field Study Map 7 Historical Resources: written and visual description 8 Historical Resources Map 9 Cultu¡al Resou¡ces : written and visual description 10 Cultural Resources Map li Biophysical Resources: written and visual description 12 Biophysical Resources Map 13 Public Survey and Perceptions : survey questionnaires, results of survey, past studies & comparisons 15 The Image of Kenora identification of the qualities and characteristics which contribute to the image of Kenora 16 Visual Image Map P}IASE TWO: ENHANCING THE IMAGE OF KENORA AND ITS PARKS AND OPEN SPACES 77 lntroduction 18 Design Process & Planning Principles 19 Recommendations: Obiectives and Actions 27 Reclassification of Parks 22 A - Natunl Open Spaces 23 B - Cultu¡al Heritage Parks 24 C - Rec¡eational / Sports Parks 25 D - Leisu¡e / Social Spaces 26 Conclusion Bibliography App€ndices lollowtry nE ¡rt c¡tctod"! of p't! .nd oFn tF(er wNd! .¡i3t in Erlrting tùLlùd! - Th6¡ tomåly ãnd iñtom¡uy t¡id - pl.nr pl!n. out s¡tc, ¡ú¡8. Thc irutc of ! sp¡cr is thc imprGtion c¡e¡tcd in rhc mind of C') o.ml ¡lont wth rrcÞo*d i26 frcm RRE tion M.stc whi<h crBr I ol r99t, wfhin rhc To;ñ or Kcñôrä, ro; rhc pu¡po* who Th. or ¡ úø h¡5 c¡p6ieft.d rhc sp¡(c, whcthcr it bc in thc viiuât ot @lol ænint clùt ¡r Ai@ with o<h 6t.to¡y ¡t fottows: opõ public u* ¡ñd o4d by rh. Toø of K6or¡. phyric¡l tP.ctlOP), s* or &. Thc ¡tugc my bc goôd o. bad depc¡d¡ñt oñ rhê h¡aÍl ¡æ¡lH), tur¡l tmdr(R) ôr túritur¡oMl l¿ndlt). qu¡l¡ty ot thc qpcricne ¡nd thc visuâl phyi¡c¡t Coluùlty Pùk(OPt- or qu¡¡iry ol rhc METHODOLOGY An ¡ft¡of oæn rBe of ¡ miñmum Dß¡Bn¡t.d/D.E¡op.d p¡rt r - Thore tãndt d6ißn,r.d ¿, opcn sp¡c tp¡.r. Thc ¡mprcrsion o¡ iDgc ie also innucned by rhc p¡r z ¡¡:e ol ¡0 .c¡rr ¡nd prcrclnd 12. ot 2o0 ro 30.0 ¡¿6, @ñi¡¡nin8 ,ù<h (OP), h¡ard (H) ¿nd tu¡åt (R) ¡¡ndr ùndr rñ ZoniñE Bi-lå;, tor c¡pcnencc. brou8hr inlo rhc cxpcriencc ol ùc vicwe¡. Thc se¡* ot Mþr r¡ci¡iric' ¡r . tuþr pt¡y8rcuñd, rcnnis @urrs, senioa levet rh. @tMu¡iry of Kcrcr¡ .nd pt¡nñcd for @ ro[ed u*. 'pìâ.¿' h¡y @u* thc irugc. Tl'c actu¡l itutc of rhc $p¡e my have b¡*bâlt dt!ññdr .nd pt¡ytng fictdr, w¡rh@ñj <h¡n8c rcom3, Define Problcm cvolvcd fóh å nuhbc¡ of f¡ctoß iûcluding hir¡ory ol rhc given sFEe, o þl63(h, pknic ¡rrlr ¡nd p6¡r¡¡A. t99t .1,/ ß(, I't.û ) Und6¡E¡¡t Un<t wclop.d - jp¡c¡ & Püks Tho* 3pac6 æncd ¡r opcn cu¡tur¡l i¡l¡u.ß ¿nd g.úlotic¡¡ o¡ crotoglc¡¡ ¡nîucn.6 o; thc N.l8höoù¡hood ¡¡rt(Op¡- ¡.n ¡r.a of op€n jp¡cc of ¡ or tur¡l th¡t h¡rc lcrr bccñ ¡i ¡¡tuEt ¡rc$;¡ nor und6 ¡ @nùó¡tcd rpàce.